No More Learning

Anab. iii.
great-grandfather of Catiline, distinguished himself 11, 14. ) In 3. C. 330 he was accused, together
by his extraordinary bravery in the second Punic with his brothers, of having been concerned in the
war. Although he had lost his right hand, and re- conspiracy of Philotas ; but the vigorous defence of
ceived twenty-three wounds in two campaigns, he Amyntas before the Macedonian army procured
continued in the army, and fought four times against their joint acquittal. (Arr. iii. 27 ; Curt. vii. 1.
the Carthaginians with his left hand alone. He $ 10, 2. $ 1-10. )
was praetor urbanus in B. c. 197, in which year six 3. An officer in the service of Ptolemy III.
praetors were elected for the first time (Plin. H. N. (Euergetes), king of Egypt, who was sent by him
vii
. 28. 8. 29; Liv. xxxii. 27, 28, 31, xxxiii
. 21). to explore the shores of the Red Sea and the coasts
The annexed coin of the Sergia gens was probably of Ethiopia. Much of the information recorded by
struck in honour of this Sergius Silus by his son. Agatharchides was derived from his authority.
The reverse represents a horseman in full gallop, (Diod. iii. 18. )
(E. H. B. )
holding in his left hand the head of a ſoe. (Eckhel, SI'MMIAS (Eljuías, or, in the MSS. of Ding.
vol. v. p. 306. )
Laërt. , Exuías) literary. 1. Of Thebes, first the


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828
SIMMIAS.
SIMON.
disciple of the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaüs, poem resemble the form of some object ; those of
and afterwards the friend and disciple of Socrates, Siminias are entitled, from their forms, the Wings
at whose death he was present, having come from (TTépuyes), the Egg (wóv), and the Hatchet ( *é-
Thebes, with his brother Cebes, bringing with him nekus). There are several other poems of the same
a large sum of money, to assist in Criton's plan species in the Anthology, such as the Pan-pipes
for the liberation of Socrates (Plat Crit. p. 45, b. , (oúpıyt) of Theocritus, the Altar of Dosiadas, and
Phacd. pp. 59, C. , 92, a. , et passim ; comp. Ael. the Egg and Hutchet of Besantinus. (Brunck,
V. H. i. 16). At this time he and Cebes were Anal. vol. i. pp. 205–210 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec.
both young men (Plued. p. 89, a. ). The two vol. i. pp. 139–143, vol. xiii. pp. 951, 952 ; Anth.
brothers are the principal speakers, besides So- Pal. xv. 2)—27, vol. ii. pp. 603-609, ed. Jacobs ;
crates himself, in the Phacdon; and the skill with Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. iii. p. 808, vol. iv. pp.
which they argue, and the respect and affection 494, 495. )
[P. S. ]
with which Socrates treats them, prove the high SI'MMIAS, artist. (Simon. )
place they held among his disciples, not only in SIMOʻIS (Elbers), the god of the river
ihe judgment of Plato, but in the general opinion. Simois, which flows from mount Idn, and in the
In the Phaedrus (p. 242, a. , b. ) also, Socrates is plain of Troy joins the Xanthus or Scamander
made to refer to Simmias as one of the most (Hon. I. v. 774, xii. 22 ; Virg. Aen. v. 261).
powerful reasoners of his day.
He is described as a son of Oceanus and Tethys
According to Plutarch, who introduces Simmias | (Hes. Theog. 342), and as the father of Astyoche
as a speaker in his dialogue de Genio Socratis (p. and Hieromneme. (Apollod. iii. 12. $ 2. ) [L. S. )
670, a, &c. ), he studied much in Egypt, and be- SIMON (Elywv), a Thracian prince, was con-
came conversiint with the mystical religious philo- nected by marriage with Amadocus, who appears
sophy of that country.
to have been a son of Cotys [No. 2), and brother
There is a very brief account of him in Diogenes to Cergobleptes and Berishdes. On the death of
Laërtius (ii. 124), who states that there was a the latter, when Cersobleptes wished, with the
collection of twenty-three dialogues by him, in aid of Charidemus, to seize all the dominions of
one volume. The titles of these dialogues are Cotys, and to exclude Amadocus and the children
also given, with a slight variation, by Suidas (s. v. ) ; of Berisades from their inheritance, Simon was
they embrace a large range of philosophical sub-prepared to assist Amadocus against the intended
jects, but are chiefly ethical.
usurpation; and, according to Demosthenes, the
Two epitaphs on Sophocles, in the Greek An- remarkable decree of Aristocrates in favour of
thology, are ascribed to Simmias of Thebes in the Charidemus (B. C. 352) was framed with the view
Palatine Codex (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 168 ; Jacobs, of disarming this opposition, especially as Simon
Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 100, Anth. Pal. vii. 21, 22, vol. had been honoured with the Athenian franchise.
i. p. 312). There is also an epitaph on Aristocles, (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 624, 625, 680, 683. ) (CER-
among the epigrams of Simmias of Rhodes, which SOBLEPTES ; CHARIDEMUS. )
(E. E. )
Brunck would refer to Simmias of Thebes ; proba- SIMON (Eiuwv), literary and ecclesiastical. 1.
bilis conjectura, says Jacobs. (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. APOLLONIDES. By a misunderstanding of a pas-
p. 204, No. 2 ; Jacobs, Animadv. vol. i. pt. ii. p. 4. ) sage in Diogenes Laërtius (ix. 109), founded on
2. Of Syracuse, is mentioned by Diogenes Laër- an erroneous reading of the text, that author has
tius (ii. 113, 114) as a hearer, first of Aristotle the been supposed to cite a Simon Apollonides of Ni-
Cyrenaean, and afterwards of Stilpon, the Megaric caea when his citation is from Apollonides of Ni-
philosopher, but nothing further is known of him. caea [APOLLONIDES, No. 5). The name Simon
3. Of Rhodes, a poet and grammarian of the is in other and more correct MSS. Timon (Tíuwv),
Alexandrian school, which flourished under the and is not a part of the text, but the title of
early Ptolemies. He was earlier than the tragic the section the subject of which is Timon of Phlius
poet Philiscus, whose time is about Ol. 120, B. C. [TIMON). (Allatius, De Simeon. Scriptis, p. 203. )
300, at least if we accept the assertion of He- 2. Of ATHENS. (No. 10. )
phaestion (p. 31), that the choriambic hexameter, 3.
Of Athens, one of the disciples of Socrates,
of which Philiscus claimed the invention, had been and by trade a leather-cutter (OKUTOTóuus), which
previously used by Simmias. Suidas (s. v. ) tells is usually Latinised CORIARIUS. Socrates was ac-
us that he wrote three books of worai, and four customed to visit his shop, and converse with him
books of miscellaneous poems (Toinuata diapopa: on various subjects. These conversations Simon
the latter part of the article in Suidas is obviously afterwards committed to writing, as far as he could
misplaced, and belongs to the life of Simonides of remember them ; and he is said to have been the
Amorgus). Of his grammatical works nothing first who recorded, in the form of conversations,
more is known ; but his poems are frequently re- the words of Socrates. His philosophical turn
ferred to, and some of them seem to have been attracted the notice of Pericles, who offered to
epic. His Topyú is quoted by Athenaeus (xi. p. provide for his maintenance, if he would come and
491); his Mņves and 'AbdAwr by Stephanus Bv. reside with him ; but Simon refused, on the ground
zantinus (s. vv. 'Auukaal, 'Hulkúves); and a frag- that he did not wish to surrender his independence.
ment of thirteen lines from the latter poem is pre- The favourable notice of such a man as Pericles
served by Tzetzes (Chil. vii. 144), and has been may be considered as overbalıncing the unfavourable
edited by Brunck (Anal. vol. ii. p. 525, comp. or sneering judgment of those who characterised
Lect. vol. iii. p. 235).
his Dialogues as “ leathern. ” He reported thirty-
As an epigrammatist, Simmias had a place in the three conversations, Alálogoi, Dialogi, which were
Garland of Meleager, and the Greek Anthology contained in one volume. Diogenes Laërtius (ii.
contains six epigrams ascribed to him, besides 122, 123), from whom we derive our knowledge
three short poems of that fantastic species called of Simon, enumerates the subjects, the variety of
gripki or carmina figurata, that is, pieces in which which shows the activity and versatility of Simon's
the lines are so arranged as to make the whole mind. The twelfth of the so-called Socratis et


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SIMON.
829
SIMON.
Socraticorum Epistolae is written in the name of 13. Of MAGNESIA. (SIMUS. )
Simon, and professes to be addressed to Aristip
14. MAGUS. In the various accounts of this re-
pus, Eluwe ApothTTY, Simon Aristippo. (Aris markable man, who has been very commonly regarded
TIPPUS. ) The concluding passage of it is cited as the earliest of the heretics that troubled the Chris-
by Stobaeus, in his 'Avoorbyov, Florilegium, xvii. tian church, fable is so largely intermingled, that it
Tiepl dykpatelas, De Continentia, & 11. A trans- is difficult to tell what truth there ie in any thing re-
lation of this letter is given in Stanley's Hist. of ported of him, beyond the brief notice in the New
Philosophy, part iii. p. 119, ed. 1655–1660, p. Testament (Acts, viii. 9–13, 18—24). Accord-
125, ed. 1713. (Allatius, De Simeonum Scriptis, ing to Justin Martyr (Apolog. Prima, c. 26, p. 190,
p. 197 ; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. i. p. 693, vol. ii. ed. Hefele), the next authority in point of time,
p. 719, ed. Harles. )
and, from his being also a Samaritan by birth, pro-
4. CANANITES, CanANAEUS, or Zelotes (Ka- bably the next also in point of trustworthiness,
vavitns, Kavavaios, s. Znawths), one of the twelve Simun was a Samaritan, born in the village of
Apostles. There are extant in MSS. under his Gitti or Gitthi ; ríttwv or rottw in the Genitive,
name certain Κανόνες εκκλησιαστικοί, Canones ns Justin and Euscbius (II. E. ii. 13) write it,
Ecclesiastici. (Lambec. Comment. de Biblioth. Cac- rotowv, as Thcodoret (Ilucrct. Fubul. Compend. i.
saraca, vol. viii. p. 900, ed. Kollar ; Bandini, Ca- | 1) writes it. If, as some think, he is the Simon
talog. Codd. MŠlorum Medic. Laurent. vol. i. pp. mentioned by Josephus (Ant. Jud. xx. 7. $ 2),
396, 468. )
he was, according to that writer, a Jew by religion
5. CONSTANTINOPOLITANUS. (No. 22. ] and a Cyprian by birth. The discrepancy between
6. CORIARIUS. (No. 3. )
this statement and that already cited it has been
7. CRETENSIS. (No. 22. ]
proposed to reconcile, by the supposition that Jus-
8. GreaCII EPISCOPUS. [No. 22. ]
tin's statement originated in the substitution or
9. HIEROMONACHUS. (No. 22. ]
mistake of Γιττιεύς for Κιττιεύς, and consequently
10. HIPPIATRICUS 8. DE ARTE VETERINARIA that Simon was really a native of Cittium in
SCRIPTOR. Several ancient authors refer to or Cyprus. But we are disposed to prefer the state-
quote from Simon, a writer on horses, and, in most ment of Justin as it now stands, and to think that
cases, in terms which show that his thorough ac- either Josephus was mistaken, or, which is more
quaintance with the subject had rendered him quite likely, that the Simon mentioned by him was a
an authority on such matters. He is first men- different person altogether. According to the ac.
tioned by Xenophon (De Re Equestri, c. i. 1, 3, count in the Recognitiones and the Clementina of
c. xi. 6), according to whom he dedicated the brazen the pseudo Clemens (CLEMENS ROMANUS), which
statue of a horse, in the Eleusinium at Athens ; account is professedly given by Aquila, who had
and had engraved his own works (od éautoù đpya) been a friend and disciple of Simon, the latter was
on the base. This statue is also noticed by Hierocles, the son of Antonius and Rachel, and was a native
the veterinarian (HIEROCLES), whose description of the “vicus Gythorum," in the district of Samaria.
of the sculpture on the base does not agree with He is described as well versed in Greek literature
that of Xenophon (Artis Veterinariae Libri duo, ed. and in ragic; and as being vainglorious and boast-
Basil. 1537, p. 3). It is probable that Simon was ful to an extraordinary degree. According to the
an Athenian, from the place in which his offering same very dubious authorities, he had professed
was deposited ; and by Suidas, who has quoted himself a follower of Dositheus, an heretical teacher
Simon (s. v. Tpiran), he is expressly called an who first promulgated his doctrines about the time
Athenian. According to Suidas (1. c. ) Simon wrote, of John the Baptist's death, and who was accom-
'Itrolarpıkóv, De Arle Veterinaria ; and if, which panied by a female, whom he designated Luna,
is probable, he is also mentioned by Suidas in two * the Moon,” and by a chosen band of disciples,
other places (s. vo. "AYUptos and Kipwr), where, whose number, thirty, corresponded to the number
however, the present reading is Kluw (Cimon), he of days in a lunar month. Into this chosen number,
also wrote 'ITTOOKOFIKÓv, De Equorum Inspectione. on a vacancy occurring, Simon obtained admission.
It may be doubted whether these were distinct According to the Clementina Simon had studied at
works, or merely chapters or divisions of a more Alexandria, and both he and Dositheus had been
general treatise, llepl imtinñs, the title by which disciples of John the Baptist. In the same work
the works of Simon are cited by Xenophon. Ac- we find also many fabulous tales about Simon ;
cording to Suidas, in one of the above places (s. v. but it is likely that the representation, which we
Kluwv), he was banished from Athens, by ostra- find in this work, that Simon was first the disciple
cism, on account of his having committed incest. and afterwards the successor of Dositheus, as the
Of the age of Simon we can only form an approxi- leader of a sect, is founded on truth (comp. Origen,
mate estimate. He was not earlier than the painter In Matthucum Commentar. c. 33. s. ut alii, tract.
Micon, who lived about B. C. 460 (Micon, artists, xxvü. , Contra Celsum, lib. i. c. 57, lib. vi. c. 11,
1], for he criticised the works of that artist (Pol. Periarchon, 8. De Principiis, lib. iv. c. 17, ed. Dela-
lux, Onomasticon, lib. ii. $ 69); and he wrote, as rue ; Euseb. H. E. iv. 22). In the Constitutiones
we bave seen, earlier than Xenophon, but how Apostolicae (lib. vi. c. 8) Simon is represented as a
much earlier we have no means of knowing, except disciple of Dositheus, and as having, with the aid
that his treatise had already acquired a good repu- of a fellow-disciple, Cleobius, deprived him of his
tation.
leadership
11. LACUM AEUS or IATUMAEUS. (No. 22. ] These notices furnish nearly all that is reported of
12. MACCABAEUS. Of this eminent Jew an Simon previous to the time at which the deacon
account is given elsewhere [MACCABAEI, No. 3). Philip met him at a Samaritan city, of which
He is introduced here merely on account of an un- the name is not given, and those transactions
founded opinion of Michael de Medina, that he occurred which are noticed in the New Testa-
was the writer of the second book of the Maccabees. ment (l. c. ), and which need not be repeated here.
(Allat. De Simeonum Script. p.