No More Learning

; and the raid on Sicily, 380
Muerdea, 505
Mufarrij ibn Salim, forms an independent
state at Bari, 386
Mugillo, victory of Totila at, 16
Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya, 336
Muhajirun, the, 333, 358
Muirchu Maccu-Machtheni, cited, 503
Mu'izz, Fatimite ruler, founds Cairo, 379
Mukaukis, the, legend of, 350
Mukhtar, leader of the Shiite insurrection,
359, 361
Mul, under-king of Kent, killed, 560
Mummolus, general of King Guntram,
drives back the Lombards, 198
Munda, Biver. See Mondego
Mundus, general, quells the Nika Biot, 9
Mungo. See Kentigem
Munusa, Berber chief, revolt of, 376
Murcia, 163, 167
Musii al-Ash'ari, represents Ali at court of
arbitration, 357
Mus'ab, brother of Zubair, defeated, 361
Mus'ab ibn 'Umair, disciple of Mahomet,
sent to Medina, 312
Musa ibn Nusair, governor of Mauretania,
184; invades Spain, 185, 371 sq. ; pro-
claims the Caliph sovereign of Spain, 186;
recalled, 373; 380
C. MED. II. VOL. II.
Muslim Empire, the, 323, 327
Muslims, the, defeated by Charles Martel,
129; invading Spain, are defeated, 179;
intrigue with Jews, 181; invade Spanish
coast, 182; destroy Visigothio kingdom,
183sqq. ; 227; chs. x, n, and xnpassim;
as authorities for life of Mahomet, 302;
305; term explained, 309 note; leave
Mecca for Medina, 313; marauding raids
of, 316 sq. ; at the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318; at the siege
of Medina, 320; at Mu'ta, 323 sq. ; at
Hunain, 325; importance of the Pilgrim-
age for unity among, 326; and the
Calendar, 327; 332; attack Borne, 385;
606; 690 sq. , 698
Musok, 453
Mu'ta, battle of, 323 sq. , 335, 339 sq.
Muthanna ibn Haritha, Arab chief, 338 sq. ;
defeats the Persians, 346
Mut'im ibn 'Adi, protects Mahomet, 311,
313 note
Mysia, 288
Mzab, 378
Mzhezh, proclaimed emperor, 395; executed,
ib. ; 398
Nab, Biver, boundary between Avars and
Bavarians, 436, 439
Nachcavan, 293
Naerum (Niartharum), 484
Nafusa Mts, 366
Nahanavarli, the, 485
Nahrawan, destruction of the secessionists
at, 357
Nahr Wan Canal, 298
Na'ila, Meccan goddess, 325
Naissus, 33
Najran, Arab Christians in, 303
Nakhla, raid of Muslims on Kuraish cara-
van at, 316
Nan6. See Anagni
Nantes, church built at, 157
Nantes, Bishop of. See Felix
Nantlleu, 472
Naples, seized by Belisarius, 15; taken by
Totila, 16; 23; becomes commercial
port, 24; siege of, 198; Duke of Bene-
vento attacks, 201, 244; Constat)s II
retreats to, 205, 394; exarch lands at,
212; dwatw of, 228; power of the bishop
in, 229; power of the dux in, 234; 235;
248; asks help of Saracens, 383; 385;
plundered by Saracens, 386; 443; in-
dependence of the Duke of, 693
Naples, Andreas, Duke of, seeks help of
Saracens, 383
Napoleon HI, Emperor of the French,
694
Narbonensis II, 145
Narbonne, captured by Ostrogoths, 114; held
by Arabs, 129, 374; 142; a metropolitan
see, 145; trade of, 155; colony of Jews
at, 156; 160; Gisalic defeated near, 161;
Amalaric defeated near, 162; 166 sq. ;
55


## p. 866 (#898) ############################################

866
Indea:
179, 182; Arabs abandon, 375; resists
Frankish attack, 582; taken by the
Franks, 593; Arab army reaches, 605
Narbonne, Bishops of. See Athelocus,
Argebald
Narni, captured, 212; surrendered by Ais-
tulf, 216, 590
Narses, the eunuch, success of, 11 sq. ;
sent to Italy, 15; successful against
Totila, 17; completes conquest of the
Goths in Italy, 18; 21; promoted by
Theodora, 26; and the Lombard con-
tingent, 195; saga of, explained, 196;
organises defence of the frontiers in Italy,
225; 226, 263
Narses, a general of the Emperor Maurice,
Gregory the Great writes to, 239; in
command on Persian frontier, 280; 283;
revolts against Phocas, 285; surrenders,
ib. ; burnt, ib.
Narses, governor of Constantina, 278
Natfraich, king of Munster, and St Patrick,
507
Navarre, invaded by sons of Clovis, 162;
175
Navia, River, 166
Naxos, Pope Martin at, 401
Nea Justinianopolis, founded, 407
Nechtansmere, Ecgfrith defeated and slain
at, 559
Nennius, unreliability of record of, 497
Neocorus, cited, 633
Nepi, Toto, Duke of, makes Constantine
pope, 696
Neptune, 485
Nero, Emperor, Chilperic compared to, 122
Nerses, Catholicus, supports Synod of
Chalcedon, 403
Nerthus, goddess, 484 sqq.
Nestor, Russian historian, cited, 481 sq.
Nestorians, the, punishment of, 108
Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, 688
Netherby, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Nether Croy Farm, inscription at, 476
Netley, Boniface a monk at, 697
Netta-Segamonas, 473
Neuburg on the Danube, made a bishopric,
539
Neuchâtel, Lake of, Brunhild captured near,
123; 137
Neustria, Chilperic's successes in, 122; rule
of Fredegund in, 123; Chlotar II in, ib. ;
rule of Dagobert in, 125; 126; struggle
of Pepin and Berthar in, 127; forced to
acknowledge Charles Martel, 128; con-
ferred on Pepin, 130; 136, 206, 256;
synod held for, 540; 549, 592 sq. ; as-
signed by Pepin to Charles, 594 sq. ; and
Boniface, 698; assigned to Carloman,
701; Charles the Great in, 704
Neustrians, the, defeated by Charles Martel,
128
Nevers, bishopric created at, 142
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 476,529
Newington in Kent, inscription at, 475
Niall, father of Loigaire, 506
Nia-Sedhamain, 473
Nicaea, Justinian II at, 412; Anastasiusº
416
Nice, Arab pirates reach, 381
Nicephorus I, Eastern Emperor, and Char's
the Great, 624
Nicephorus, patrician, 395;
Sapor, 397; 413
Nicetas, commands expedition against Pº.
cas, 287; made comes ercubitorum, 289;
rescues holy relics at Jerusalem, 23;
291; abandons defence of Alexandra.
292
sent again:
Nicetius, Bishop of Trèves, castle of, 158
Nicolas, St, Slav worship of, 425
Nicolas I, Pope, supreme position of,685s.
Nicomedia, Heraclius at, 293; Justinian II
meets Pope Constantine at, 412; Leo st
417
Nicopolis, fort at, 33
Niduari, Niduarian Picts, name explained.
511; conversion of, 512
Niebuhr, B. G. , discovery of palimpsest ºf
61
Niemen, River, 419, 427
Nihâwand, battle of, 348
Nika Riot, the, causes, 8; incidents, 8 sq.
26, 38,273
Nikiou, Bonosus at, 287; 290; taken ºf
Saracens, 351
Nile, River, 35, 271, 287; the Persists
advance up, 290; ns cross, 351
Nimes, retaken from Franks, 114; amphº-
theatre burnt, 129; 142, 179, 259; origin
of, 460; inscription at, 474; Arabs ex-
pelled from, 582
Nimes, Hilderic, Count of, rebels agains
Wamba, 179
Nimis, Arnefrit of Friuli defeated and killed
at, 205
Nineveh, battle of, 298
Nini, River, 370
Ninian (Nynias), St, Bishop of Candis
Casa (Whithern), 499, 505, 510: life and
work of, 511 sq.
Nisan, 520
Nisibis, threatened, 7; Persian ambassadº
stopped at, 267; imperial army attacks.
272; 275; 277 note; 285
Nith, River, 511
Nivelle, abbey of, founded, 126
Njörd, Scandinavian god, 484 sq. , 492
Nobadae, 35
Nodons (Nodens), god, 474, 479
Nogent-sur-Marne, 115
Nordalbingia, robbed of inhabitants, 613;
614
Nordgau, the, resigned by Odilo, 131. 5s
Norfolk, 639
Noricum, outside Roman Empire, is
Lombards settle in, 19, 195, 225; St See
rinus in, 534
Norman Conquest, the, 551, 647, 651
Normandy, 466


## p. 867 (#899) ############################################

Indea:
867
Normans, the, and the conquest of Sicily,
383, 387 sq. ; serve in Byzantine army,
389; invited to Sicily, 390; 485, 488
Norns, the, 486 sq.
Nortabtrezi, the, 437 mote
Northamptonshire, Roman remains found
in, 501; 528, 545, 551
Northmen, Norsemen, the, 429, 433, 457,
568, 645
North Sea, the, 194, 545; boundary of
empire of Charles the Great, 615
Northumberland, ancient inscriptions in,
474 sq.
Northumbria, 515; conversion of, 522 sqq. ;
and the missionaries from Iona, 526, 545;
sends missionaries to Mercia, 528; Agil-
bert in, 530; 543; renews struggle for
supremacy, 545; 546; 548; increase and
decline of, 552, 559; ecclesiastical struggle
in, 553 sq. ; 556; decline of, 562, 564;
565; Bede pleads for church reform in, 574
Northumbrians, the, 491
Norway, heathenism in, ch. xv (c) passim;
512; land law in, 634; 652
Norwegians, the, 485, 490 sq.
Notitia Galliarum, cited, 142
Notker the Stammerer, Monk of St Gall,
cited, 609, 625 sq. , 680
Nottinghamshire, 557
Nova Justiniana. See Justiniana Prima
Novara, Ansprand defeated near, 210; ac-
knowledges Frankish dominion, 606
Novellae, of Justinian, 4, 38, 43, 62
Noyon, made a bishopric, 534
Noyon, Bishop of. See Eligius
Nuada, 474, 477
Nubia, Christian missions to, 46
Nubians, the, ‘Abdallāh makes a treaty
with, 352
Nudd, 474, 477
Numa Pompilius, 464
Numidia, revolt of Aures in, 13; again
included in the Empire, 14; forms a
military district, 21; fortresses in, 22;
cities founded in, 24; 35; 224; survival
of Donatism in, 252; 402
Numidia, Bishop of. See Paul
Nunna, under-king of Sussex, 560
Nuremberg, 438
Nursia, 148; taken by Lombards, 198
Nutshall (Nutsall, Netley, or Nursling? ),
Winfrid educated at, 536
Nymphius, River, Romans routed at, 277
note; 278 sq.
Nymphs, the, goddesses, 476
Nyons, 142
Obodrites (Obodritzi), the, 438, 444, 454;
clan names among, 454 note; allied with
the Franks, 614; reject Christianity, ib.
Obsequium, 396, 411; theme of, 415 sq.
Ochsenfurt, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Octavum, fort at, 33
Oder (Odra), River, 430; the Slavs reach,
435; Avars near, 436 sqq.
Oderzo, destroyed by Rothari, 203; razed
to the ground, 205
Odessa, 418
Odin (Wodan), 456, ch. xv (c) passim;
characteristics of, 482 sqq. , 543 sqq.
Odinsharg, 492
Odovacar, 195, 226, 688, 692, 705
Oengus, Martyrology of, cited, 505
Offa, King of Mercia, and Charlemagne,
563; reign of, 563 sq. ; makes the Dyke,
564; obtains a separate archbishopric for
Mercia, 565; death, ib. ; institutes Peter's
Pence, ib. ; 569 sq. , 574
Offa's Dyke, erected, 564
Ogier. See Autchar
Ogma, 477
Ohrdruff, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Oise, River, 115
Oka, River, 426
Olaf, St, King of Norway, qualities of Thor
attributed to, 482
Olaf, an early king of South Norway, legend
of, 487
Olban, count. See Julian
Old Carlisle, inscription at, 475
Old Germania, Old Germany, expansion of
the Slavs in, 435; of the Avars in,
436 sq. ; 454
Old Penrith, 475
Old Servian State, the, 440; described, 441
Old Wall, inscription at, 475
Oligitum (possibly modern Olite), fortress,
built by Swinthila, 175
Olite, 175
Olmund, son of Witiza, driven from Spain,
182 sq. ; helped by Arabs, 183 sq. ; re-
established at Seville, 186
Olympius, chamberlain and exarch, joins
papal party, 401
Olympius, praetorian praefect,
ambassador to Persians, 290
Omar (‘Umar) ibn al-Khattāb, Caliph, con-
verted by Mahomet's teaching, 311; 316;
and the treaty of Hudaibiya, 322; 325,
332; procures election of Abū Bakr, 333;
becomes caliph, 342; and the government
of Syria, 344 sq. ; nominates a successor,
346; and the government of Egypt, 352;
death, 354; austerity of rule, 355; work
of, 361; defects of fiscal system of, 362,
Sent as
376; 363 sq.
Omar II, Caliph, and the sale of land,
362 sq.
Omar, commander of the fleet, 417 º
Omignon, River, 127 2.
Omurtag, Bulgar khan, 443 f
Oporto (Portucale), victory of Leovigud at,
170 **
Oppas, Bishop of Seville (and Toledo), 182;
flees to Africa, 183; hel ºf Arab invasion
of Spain, 185; given of Toledo, 186
Orange (Arausio), takerſ by Theodoric, 117;
460; 484
Orbieu, River, bajºle fought at, 605
Orbigo, River, 1966
55–2
/
/




## p. 868 (#900) ############################################

868
Indear
Ordericus Vitalis, cited, 456
Orense, province, 167
Oretani, 167
Oriel, 507
Origen, cited, 496, 509
Origines sive Etymologiae, of Isidore of
Seville, 192
Orkney Islands, the, St Kentigern said to
have sent missionaries to, 512
Orleans, church council held at, 116; capital
ºnlºomi, ib. ; 117; trade of, 156;
4
Orleans, Bishop of. See Theodulf
Orleans, Fifth Council of, on the election
and consecration of bishops, 143
Ormizd, King of Persia, accession, 275;
refuses to give up Dara, ib. ; severity of,
results in a revolt, 279; dethroned, 280;
assassinated, ib.
Orosius, Paulus, 192
Orospeda Mts, 167
Orvieto, occupied by Lombards, 202
Osimo, Liutprand at, 212
Oskol, River, 426
Osrhoene, 33; Monophysites in, 44
Osric, King of Deira, slain, 525
Ossero, burnt by Saracens, 384
Osset, Castle of. See San Juan de Alfarache
Osterabtrezi, the, 437 note
Ostia, the Saracens at, 385
Ostrogoths, the, in Italy, 6, 9, 11; neutral
in African war, 12; at war with the
Empire, 15 sq. ; crushed, 17 sq. ; laws
for, 57 sq. ; 113; help Visigoths, 114;
retain Provence, ib. , 118; 119, 138;
occupy Visigothic territory, 161 sq. ; 224;
579 sq. , 597; influence of Rome on, 702
Oswald, St, King of the Northumbrians,
victorious at Heavenfield, 525, 545;
invites missionaries from Iona, 526, 545;
and Aidan, 526 sq. , 545; slain at Maser-
field, 527, 546; his head preserved into
modern times, ib. ; 553
Oswestry, 546
Oswin, King of Deira, slain, 527, 529, 546
Oswy (Oswiu), King of Northumbria, marries
Eanfled, 527; reunites Bernicia and
Deira, ib. ; 528; 529, 546; defeats Penda,
547; thank-offering made by, 550; an-
nexes territory, 551; begins the conversion
of Mercia, ib. ; greatness and decline of,
552; 553; and the Synod of Whitby,
554; and Wilfrid, 555 sq. ; death, 556;
558
Otford, battle of, 564
Othman, Caliph, and the government of
Egypt, 352; murdered, 353, 356, 367,
394; elected caliph, 355; nepotism of,
ib. , 358; 3r"
Othman (“Utºãn) ibn ‘Affan, envoy of
Mahomet, at Mecca, 322
Othman, occupies Sisium, 412
Otranto, besieged by "otila, 16 sq. ; Liut-
prand of Benevento takes refuge at, 217
Otricoli, attacked by Lombards, 219
Ottar, a hero of the Edda, 485
Otto II, Emperor, defeated by Saraces,
388
Otto III, Emperor, visits the tomb of Char's
the Great, 625
Otto of Bamberg, Slav apostle, 454 sq. mºe
Otto, Count of Lomello, his account of the
visit of Otto III to the tomb of Charles
the Great, 625
Oudoceus, Bishop of Llandaff, 499
Oundle, monastery founded at, 530; Wilfº
at, 559; Wilfrid dies at, 562
Overborough, inscription at, 474
Oviedo, forms an independent state, 15.
178
Oxford, 546
Oxfordshire, 553, 564
Pacatiana, 39
Pachomius, St, founder of monachism ir
Upper Egypt, influence of, on Europes:
monks, 147
Pactum Ludovicianum, considered genuirº
588 mote
Pactum Pipini, 585 note
Paderborn, Diet held at (777), 604, Ell
(785) 605, 612; Charles the Great receives
the Pope at, 619, 704
Padarn, a pilgrim to Jerusalem, 499
Padua, resists Lombard attack, 196; taker
by Lombards, 201
Paganism, in Arabia, 303; in the Britis:
Isles, ch. xv (B); in Gaul, ch. xv. 1;
in Scandinavia, ch. xv (c); of the Saxºns
610 sq. , 613
Palastolum, 281
Palatine at Rome, the, 462
Palencia, forms an independent state, 155:
taken by Leovigild, 166
Palermo, taken by Saracens, 382; 383:
prosperity of, 389
Palestine, Monophysitesin, 44; earthquake
in, 51; 284; overrun by the Persians,
285,290; 303; Arab raid into, 340 sqq. ,
the Mardaites invade, 397; British pº
grims in, 499
Palladius, first bishop in Ireland, 50. 2 sq. ;
said to have visited Scotland, 506, 510
Palladius, Rutilius Taurus Aemiliams,
Historia Lausiaca of, cited, 499
Palmyra, fortress at, 33; 339
Pamber, 572
Pampeluna, seized by sons of Clovis, 182:
besieged and captured by Charles tº
Great, 604; its fortifications razed, 505
606
Pamphilus, demarch, suspected of treasoe,
286
Pamphylia, 39, 397
Pannonia, outside Roman Empire, is
Lombards in, 19, 35, 194, 225; Lombark
bring herds from, to Italy, 197; Ams
in, 203; Slav and Avar raids in. º.
Avars refuse territory in, 435; 436; Sas
transplanted to, 437; the Franksin, 6. 8


## p. 869 (#901) ############################################

Indea:
869
Pantaleo, praetorian praefect, and Gregory
the Great, 252
Pantellaria, island, taken by Arabs, 381
Papacy, the, and the Henotikon controversy,
1, 5 sq. ; and Justinian, 27, 44 sqq. ; and
the Three Chapters controversy, 47;
humiliation of, in struggle with Justinian,
48; and the Frankish Church, 145 sqq. ,
256; growth of the temporal power of,
231–5; beset by the barbarians, 242; and
the Franks, 258 sq. ; strong position
gained under Gregory the Great, 261;
and the conversion of England, 515; and
the Keltic missionaries, 533; and organ-
isation of missionary effort, 536; and the
church in Scotland, 545; replaces imperial
authority in Rome, 577 sqq. ; and Charles
the Great, 615; 617; ch. xx11 passim;
and the Eastern Emperors, 688–692; and
the Lombards, 692–696; and the Franks,
696; 706
Papal Book, the, cited, 620 sq.
Paphlagonia, Persian army in, 285; 395,
413
Papinian (Aemilius Papinianus), jurist,
work of, 55; 58, 61, 80
Pappua, Mt, Gelimer defeated near, 13
Parades, 166
Paradise Lost, 117
Paris, taken by Clovis, 111; made seat of
government, 115; capital of Childebert,
116, 119; Chilperic at, 121 sq. ; 134, 147,
§ 156 sq. , 163; Augustine at, 255;
2
Paris, Bishop of. See Eusebius
Parma, subjected to Lombards, 201; duke
of, taken prisoner, ib. ; 588, 599
Parrett, River, frontier of Wessex, 552;
564
Paschalis, primicerius notariorum, arranges
the attack on Leo III, 703
Passau, made a see, 538; sends missionaries
to the Avars, 609
Passau, Bishop of. See Wivilo
Passio S. Albani, 497
Pastoral Care of Gregory the Great, 260
Patrick, St (Patricius, 497), incident in life
of, 478; 499; visit to Ireland in boyhood,
502; legends of, 503; 504 sq. ; work
in Ireland, 506 sq.
Patzinaks, the, 423, 428, 443
Paul, St, appears to Constantine in a dream,
585
Paul I, Pope, writes to intercede with Pepin
for Lombard hostages, 217 sq. ; makes a
compact with the Lombards, 218; death,
ib. ; ambassador for Stephen II, 215, 582;
and the Donation of Constantine, 586 and
note; accession, 591, 696; death, ib. ;
694, 700
Paul, Patriarch of Antioch, 398
Paul II, Patriarch of Constantinople, ap-
pointed,392; and Pope Theodore,400 sq. ;
condemned by synod at Rome, 401, 404;
death, 402
Paul III, Patriarch of Constantinople, a
Trullan Council, 408
Paul, Bishop of Numidia, and the Dona-
tists, 253
Paul, Bishop of Thessalonica, deposed, 401
Paul, Monophysite leader, and Heraclius,
398
Paul, jurist, work of, 55, 58, 60
Paul, monk, encourages revolt of Leontius,
409
Paul the Deacon, cited, 241, 244, 443, 692;
History of the Lombards of, cited, 249 sq.
Paulinus, Bishop of York, missionary to
England, 518; made bishop of York,
522; converts Northumbria, 522 sq. ;
flight, 524, 544 sq. ; made bishop of
Rochester, 526; 545, 555
Pauli Sententiae, legal work, 55, 58
Paulus, Exarch of Ravenna, plots to murder
Gregory II, 695
Paulus, general, incites Septimania to re-
bellion, 179; 180
Paulus Afiarta, papal chamberlain, leads
Lombard party in Rome against Christo-
phorus, 218,696; put to death, 219, 702;
696
Paulus Emilius, Chronicle of, cited, 174
Pavia (Ticinum), siege of, 196; Cleph made
king by the Lombards at, 197; 200;
Edictus of Rothari confirmed at, 203;
Catholic church built at, 204; bishop of,
converted to Catholicism, ib. ; election
of Grimoald at, 205; synod held at, 206;
as Lombard capital, 211 sqq. ; Pope
Stephen visits Aistulf at, 215, 233, 584,
695; Aistulf retires to, 216 sq. , 589; be-
sieged, 220, 599, 702; surrenders to
Charles the Great, ib. ; taken by Agilulf,
250; 590, 602, 693
Pax Julia. See Bejar
Peada, King of the Middle Angles, marries
Oswy's daughter, 528; is baptised, ib. ,
529, 546; 545, 547; acquires territory,
551 sq. ; plans a monastery, 552; assassi-
nated, ib.
Peak, the, 544
Pecsaete, the, 544
Pedro del Corral, cited, 184
Peene, River, 614
Pelagianism, flourishes in Britain, 500;
spread of, in Britain, checked, 501
Pelagius, St. , 375
Pelagius I, Pope, election of, 48
Pelagius II, Pope, sends Gregory to Con-
stantinople, 238; fails to obtain help
against Lombards, 239; death, 239 sq. ;
247, 254
Pelagius, heretic, 497; probably British by
birth, 500, 504
Pelagius, legate, and Justinian, 45 sqq.
Pelagius of Covadonga, banished, 182
Peloponnesus, the, Avars and Slavs in,
440, 453
Pelusium, taken by the Persians, 290;
taken by the Arabs, 350


## p. 870 (#902) ############################################

870
Indea:
Pembrokeshire, 473
Penda, King of Mercia, restoresheathenism,
524 sq. ; victories of,525,543sq. ; at Maser-
field, 527, 546; 528; extent of domain,
544 sq. ; defeat and death, 547; lasting
results of reign, ib. ; 549, 551 sq.
Penge, 572
Penn, Wulfhere victorious at, 552; 572
Penrith, 475
Pentapolis, the, 212 sq. , 215; forms a
ducatus, 228; raises men for service
against Phocas, 287; Saracen invasion
of, 351, 366; 380; 598, 603, 691, 694,
700; Desiderius ravages, 701
Pepin I (of Landen), Mayor of the Palace,
rules in Austrasia, 123 sq. ; family of,
126; 136
Pepin II (of Heristal), parentage, 126;
successes, 127 sq. ; and the Church, 128;
and Willibrord, 535; death, 536
Pepin III (the Short), King of the Franks,
118; inherits part of the kingdom, 130;
usurps entire authority, 131; is elected
king, ib. , 575; aids in reform of Frankish
Church, 146; and Liutprand, 211; sup-
ports the Pope against the Lombards,
216 sq. ; “restitutions” of, 233; re-
covers southern Gaul from Arabs, 374 sq. ;
539; and church organisation, 540; a-
nointed by Boniface, 541, 581, 699; his
question to the Pope, 576 sqq. , 580;
rewards his supporters, 581; gains Septi-
mania, 582; subdues the Saxons, ib. ;
invites Pope Stephen II, 583, 695; a-
nointed by the Pope, 584; “Patrician of
the Romans,” 585, 598 and note; 586
note; gets rid of rivals, 587; alleged
donation of, 588, 700; Aistulf submits to,
589 sq. ; holds synods, 592; conquers
Aquitaine, 593; divides the kingdom,
593 sqq. ; death, 594; character, ib. ;
597, 599; forms an alliance with the
Abbasids, 604; and the Duke of Bavaria,
606; requires tribute of the Saxons, 610;
615; and the Church land, 646; 659,
662; postpones the campus martius to
May, 669; 670, 696, 701 sq. ; 706
Pepin, son of Carloman, disinherited by
Charles the Great, 596; captured, 599
Pepin, son of Charles the Great, anointed
King of Italy, 600; conquers the Avars,
609; 624, 659
Perberis, Maximus at, 403
Perétarit, King of the Lombards, quarrels
with his brother, 204; seeks help of
Avars, 205; and of Franks, ib. ; made
king, 206; alliances, ib. ; death, ib. ;
210 sq.
Peredeo, Lombard, conspires against Alboin,
196
Pergamum, taken by Arabs, 396
Périgueux, 125
Persarmenia, in revolt, 270; returns to
Persian allegiance, 274; Tiberius offers
to surrender, 275
Persia, at war with Rome (530-533. 7 sq. -
16, 28 sqq. , (540–545), 29 sqq. , (572–628.
272, 274–299; controls eastern trade, 41;
Roman law in, 58; 263 sqq. ; and the
Turks, 269 sq. , 279; the Holy Crºs
carried into, 290; 330 sq. ; at war with
the Muslims, 338 sq. , 346 sqq. ; Isir
in, 348 sq. ; ascendaney of the Shi'a in-
348 sq. , 364; 353, 359, 500, 690
Persian Gulf, the, 41; Zoroastriani-
prevalent near, 304; 348 -
Persians, in the imperial army, Il; 15; and
war with Rome, 28 sqq. , 242; trade ºf
41; Jews give help to, 174; 266, 274 sq. -:
at the battle of Solochon, 2. 77: 278 sq. ;
successful against Phocas, 285; continue
the war against Heraclius, 288 sq. -
capture Jerusalem, 290; hold Armenia.
291; take Alexandria, 292; defeated sº
sea, ib. ; driven from Asia Minor, 293 sq. ;
defeated, 298; 303; at war with Muslims,
346 sqq. ; and Islām, 364, 376; 338, 443,
689
Perthshire, 512
Perugia (Perusia), taken by Totila. 17:
occupied by Lombards, 201, 244; 213;
besieged by Lombards, 215; ducatiº of.
formed, 228; 693
Perun, Slavonic god, 482
Pessinus, taken by Arabs, 396; 462
Peter, St. , 145; 237, 246 sq. , 249, 252 sq. -
534, 576, 578 sq. ; appears to Constantine,
585; 586 sqq. ; letter to Pepin as frºm.
589, 590 and note, 700; 591, 596 sq. ;
602, 615, 617
Peter, St, tomb of, Desiderius visits, 217 sq. ;
keys offered at, 590; Charles the Gres:
visits, 599; keys of, sent to Charles the
Great, 619, 704; Liutprand at, 695
Peter, Patriarch of Constantinople, and the
“Type,” 402 sq. ; condemned by synod
at Rome, 404
Peter, monk, sent by Augustine to Gregory.
516; first abbot of St Augustine's, 519
Peter, brother of the Emperor Maurice, in-
competent as a general, 280 sq. ; brings
to Constantinople news of the army
revolt, 281; slain, 284
Peter, archdeacon, 260
Peter, patrician and senator, negotiates fºr
peace with Persia, 274
Peter Barsymes, made praetorian
26; corrupt dealings of, 42, 50
Peter the Great, results of capitation-tax of.
422
Peterborough, origin of, 552
Peter's Pence, inauguration of the payment.
565
Petra Justiniana, fortress of, in the second
Persian war, 29 sq.
; 33
Petra Pertusa, destroyed, 198
Petronia, betrays the plot of Germanus, 2S6
Phanagoria, Justinian II at, 4ll
Pharos, island and fortress, taken by
Nicetas, 287


## p. 871 (#903) ############################################

Indea:
871
Phasis, 29, 349, 412
Philae, temple of Isis at, 44
Philagrius, treasurer, banished, 391; 392
Philip, Lombard candidate for the papal
throne, driven out, 218
Philippicus (Wardan), Eastern Emperor,
early career, 413; becomes emperor, ib. ;
character, 414; ecclesiastical policy, ib. ;
inefficient rule, ib. ; blinded, 415
Philippicus, brother-in-law of Maurice, at
the battle of Solochon, 277 sq. ; retreats,
278; superseded in the command, ib. ;
reappointed, and again superseded, 279;
made a priest, 284; commands army in
Armenia, 289; invades Persia, 290
Phisãnitae (Danubians), 432
Phocas, Eastern Emperor, elected, 250;
murders Maurice, ib. ; cordiality of Gregory
the Great to, 250 sq. ; leader of the mal-
contents, 281; emperor, 282; murders
Maurice and his family, ib. ; general
hatred of, 284; his treachery to Narses,
285; plots against, 286 sq. ; killed, 288;
296, 300, 451, 689
Phoenice, the Mardaites invade, 397
Phoenicia, earthquakes in, 51; 278; over-
run by the Persians, 285
Phoenicians, the, 365
Phoenix (Dhāt as-Sawāri), Byzantimes de-
feated at, 353, 393; Arabs cut wood at,
415 sq.
Photeinos, governor of Sicily, defeated by
Saracens, 381
Phrygia, 39
Piacenza, subjected to Lombards, 201; 204
Piasts, the, dynasty of, 449 sq.
Picacho de Weleta, the, 164
Picenum, Roman army occupies, 15; 228
Picts, the, and Palladius, 506; kingdom of,
511; conversion of, 512 sq. ; 526; and
Oswy, 552; Ecgfrith and, 559
Piers Bridge, inscription at, 474
Pillars of Hercules, 14; mark limit of the
Empire, 19, 22
Piragast, 453
Pisa, attacks Sicily, 389
Pisidia, 39, 417
Pius IX, Pope, 701
Plasencia, 166
Plectrude, wife of Pepin II, regent, 128
Pliny, the Elder, cited, 460, 465, 470
Plough Monday, 485
Plumptonwall, inscription at, 475
Pluscarden, priory, 509
Po, River, Franks pillage valley of, 15;
Totila crosses, 16; Romans defend the
line of, against Lombards, 196; 228, 250;
boundary of papal domain, 590, 702; 693
Poeta Saxo, 625 sq.
Poitiers, battle of Wouglé near, 114, 160;
convent founded at, 119; seized by Chil-
peric, 122; resists Arab attack, 129;
battle of (732), ib. , 374 sq. ; 141, 147;
Fortunatus at, 156
Poitiers, Bishopof. SeeWenantiusFortunatus
Poitiers, Gap of, 115, 129
Poland, 454 note
Polesians, the, 424 sq.
Polesie, ch. xrv passim; original home of
the Slavs, 418 sqq. ; described, 419 sq. ;
436; the Dregovichi in, 438
Polimartium, castle of, taken by Liutprand,
213
Polybius, cited, 430
Pomerania, 424, 454 note, 455 and note
Pompeius, nephew of Anastasius, and the
Nika Riot, 8 sq. ; executed, 9
Pompierre, 122
Pontefract, 544
Ponthion, Pope Stephen meets Pepin at, 699
Pontine Islands, the, attacked by Arabs,
381
Pontus steppe, the, 427 sqq.
Pontus Polemoniacus, 396
Ponza, used as a naval base, 385
Popes (Bishops of Rome). See Adeodatus,
Agapetus, Agatho, Benedict I, Boni-
face IV, Boniface V, Celestine I, Con-
stantine, Eugenius, Felix IV, Gregory I,
Gregory II, Gregory III, Gregory VII,
Hadrian I, Honorius, Hormisdas, John I,
John III, John IV, John W, John VI,
John VII, John VIII, John X, Leo I,
Leo II, Leo III, Liberius, Martin I,
Nicolas I, Paul I, Pelagius I, Pelagius II,
Pius IX, Sergius I, Severinus, Silverius,
Sixtus III, Stephen II, Stephen III,
Sylvester I, Theodore, Victor I, Vigilius,
Vitalian, Zacharias, Zephyrinus
Populonia, promised to the Pope, 603
Porta d’Italia, Desiderius awaits Charles at,
220
Portucale. See Oporto
Portugal, 170, 186
Posidonius, 459, 467
Praevalis, Slav and Avar raids in, 296
Pragmatic Sanction (554), 20
Prague, 450
Přemysl, peasant prince of Bohemia, 449 sq.
Přemyslids, the, dynasty of, 449 sq.
Pripet, River, 418 sqq. - -
Priscus, general, soldiers mutiny against,
278; successful against Slavs and Avars,
280 sq. ; 284; marries a daughter of
Phocas, 286; 287; deserts Phocas, 288;
sent against the Persians, ib. ; forced
into a monastery, 289; 300
Priscus, Jew, and King Chilperic, 156
Proconsularis, again included in the Empire,
14
Procopius, general, in Asia Minor, 393
Procopius of Caesarea, historian, cited, 14,
17 sq. , 20, 22 sq. , 31 sqq. , 111, 162,226,
237, 420, 422, 424 sq. , 485
Propontis. See Marmora
Prosper of Aquitaine, cited, 500 sqq. ; career
of, 502
Protadius, Mayor of the Palace, 157
Protasius, Bishop of Aix, and Gregory the
Great, 254


## p. 872 (#904) ############################################

872
Index
Provence, held by Franks, 15, 19, 109;
war in, 114; 116 sqq. ; Arabs driven
from, 129; conferred on Pepin, 130; titles
of officials in, 137 sq. ; papal authority in,
146; 157; a part included in Ostro-
gothic kingdom, 161; 211; Saracen raids
into, 384; 461; assigned to Carloman,
595
Friim, monastery of, 148
Prussia, 482
Prussians, the, 418, 433 note
PrymneSBUs. See Acroinus
Pseudo-Caesarius of Nazianzus, cited, 421,
432
Pseudo-Nestor, cited, 434, 437
Ptolemy, cited, 435
Pujol, Perez, historian, cited, 188
Pulkava, court-ohronicler to Charles IV,
cited, 449
Punjab, the, Arabs reach, 363
Puy-de-Ddme, Mt, 461
Pylae, Heraclius reaches, 293
Pyrenees Mts, 109; bound kingdom of
Clovis, 114; 119, 122; the Arabs cross
128, 373 sq. ; 159; Franks retreat to
163; Vascons driven beyond, 172; 175
Arabs driven back across, 375; 459, 461
581; become Frankish frontier, 593; 604
Franks defeated in, 605; 606, 615
Pyrrhus, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
the bequest to Martina, 391; flight, 392;
and the Monothelete controversy, 400 sq. ;
deposed, 401; restored, 402; death, ib. ;
condemned by synods at Borne, 401, 404,
690
Quartodecimanism, the British Church
charged with, 520
Quierzy-sur-Oise (Carisiacum, Kiersy), death
of Charles Martel at, 130; Pepin holds a
council at, 584, 595, 699; donation of
Pepin signed at, 588, 599
Quinisextine Council in Trullo. See Trullan
Council
Baab, Biver, 609
BadagaiBUS, 482
Badbod, Frisian king, and Willibrord,
535 sq. ; death, 536
Badegund, wife of Chlotar I, founds Ste Croix
of Poitiers, 119,147; and Fortunatus, 156
Bado, Abbot of St Vaast, chancellor, 662
Badoald, son of Gisulf, Duke of Friuli, 203;
made duke, 204
Badosta, 450
Badzadh, Persian general, defeated and
slain, 298
Baedwald, King of East Anglia, apostasy
of, 521; helps Edwin of Deira, 522; 524;
543
Bagnachar, King of the Salian Franks, 110;
death, 115
Bagnarok, 495
Bagusa, founded by fugitives from Epi-
daurus, 296; trades with Vlakhs, 441
Bagusans, the, and the Vlakhs, 441
Bakka, 357
Bambervillers, origin of name, 152
Ban, daemon of the sea, 488
Raphael Sanzio, 385
Batchis, King of the Lombards, made duke
by Liutprand, 213; made king, 214;
romanising policy gives offence, 215; ab-
dicates, ib. ; becomes a monk, ib. , 695;
again acknowledged king, 217, 590; again
abdicates, 217; makes a truce with Pope
Zacharias, 580
Bathcolpa, connected by tradition with
St Patrick, 506
Batiaria, fort at, 33
Bauching, duke, attacks Brunhild, 122;
cruelty, 149
Bavenna, 2, 6; Witigis holds out in, 15;
capitulates, 16; Belisarius holds, 17; 20;
rebuilt and made a capital, 24; 26, 49;
Fortunatus educated at, 156; Rosamund
and Helmechis flee to, 196; 198; 200 sq. ;
taken and retaken, 213; threatened by
Liutprand, 214; Aistulf established at,
215,695; 218; Desiderius threatens, 219;
residence of exarch, 227; 282; 228; 230;
reorganisation of militia in, 231; diffi-
culties between the archbishop and the
pope, 233; 244, 248 sq. ; imperial au-
thority holds out in, 250; Maximus in
penance at, 254; Louis II at, 386;
Pyrrhus at, 401; authority of the exarch
at, 577; occupied by Lombards, 578, 580,
691; Lombards agree to oede, 589, 700;
the Emperor claims, 590; 597; 686, 692;
Paulus Afiarta put to death at, 702
Bavenna, Bishops and Archbishops of.
See John, Leo, Michael
Bayy, taken by Arabs, 348
Bebais, monastery at, 148
Becared I, King of the Visigoths, son of
Leovigild, given part of kingdom, 166;
suppresses insurrection, 167 sq. ; Beco-
polis named after, 168; at war with the
Franks, 170 sq. ; elected king, 171, 259;
becomes a Catholic, 171 sq. , 259 sq. ;
laws of, 173; punishes Jews, 174; 178,
186, 190, 192; buildings and coins of,
193
Becared II, King of the Visigoths, 175
Beceswinth (Becceswinth), King of the
Visigoths, subdues insurrection, 177; calls
Eighth Council of Toledo, ib. ; persecutes
the Jews, ib. ; code of laws of, 178 sq. ;
death, 179; 187, 192; buildings of, 193
Bechiarius, King of the Sueves, 165
Bechsind, Visigothio noble, 182
Becimir, son of Swinthila, receives part of
kingdom, 175
Becopolis, city named after Becared, 168
Beoulver, Boman remains at, 501; grant of
land to the abbot of, 558 sq.
Bednitz, Biver, 657
Bed Sea, the, trade on, 41; 304, 317
Begensburg, the missionary Rupert in, 533;


## p. 873 (#905) ############################################

Indea:
873
Emmeran in, 534; diocese formed for,
538
Reggio (Rhegium), Arab pirates attack, 381;
Maximus at, 403; 599
Regnitz, River, Avars on, 436; 438,452 sq.
Regulae Pastoralis Liber of Gregory the
Great, 240
Regulus, said to have brought relics of
St Andrew to Scotland, 510
Remedius, Bishop of Rouen, provides for
the teaching of music to his monks, 591 sq.
Remi (St Remigius), Bishop of Rheims, and
Clovis, 111; establishes bishopric at Laon,
142
Remismund, King of the Sueves, allied
with Theodoric II, 165
Reptilamis, Gepid chief, escapes to Con-
stantinople, 268
Resaina, surrenders to the Persians, 285
Reshtunians, the, 353
Respublica Romana, the, 597, 603, 618,
623
Restitutus, Bishop of London, at the
Council of Arles, 498
Rhaetia, outside Roman Empire, 18, 224;
Alemans in, 113, 118
Rhé, Isle of, 131, 137
Rhegium. See Reggio
Rheims, 110; baptism of Clovis at, 112,
532; capital of Theodoric, son of Clovis,
116; metropolitan see, 145; seat of cloth
manufacture, 155; archbishopric restored,
540; 696
Rheims, Bishops of.
Rheinhesse, 476
Rhiannon (Régantòna), goddess, 477
Rhine, River (and frontier), 110 sq. , 113,
116, 128, 133; embankment made, 144;
Slavs cross, 435; 453,459 sqq. , 533,582,
611; scheme for connecting with the
Danube, 657
Rhiw Fabon. See Ruabon
Rhodes, island, Persians seize, 294; Martina
and her sons banished to, 392; taken by
Arabs, 393; the colossus destroyed, ib. ;
Arab colony in, 397; fleet meets at, 416
Rhodope, Slav and Avar raids in, 296
Rhone, River, 109, 112, 118; boundary of
Septimania, 160, 581; 198
Rhun, son of Urbgen, 523 note
Ribble, River, 476
Ribchester, inscription at, 474
Riccones, 166 and note
Richar, prince of the Salian Franks, mur-
dered, 115
Richborough, probably the landing-place of
Augustine, 516
Ricimer, 705
Ridda War, the, 334 sqq.
Rienz, River, 225
Riesengebirge, the, 435
Riez, baptistery at, 157
Riez, Bishop of. See Faustus
Rignomer, prince of the Salian Franks,
murdered, 115
See Remi, Hincmar
Rimini (Ariminum), Witigis fails to take,
15; residence of the dur of Pentapolis,
228
Riocatus, British bishop, 499
Ripon, Wilfrid at, 530, 554 sq. ; Willibrord
at, 535; 559
Ripuarian Franks, settled about Cologne,
110, 115; accept Clovis as king, 116,
133; 134; date of law of, 138
Risingham, inscriptions at, 474 sq.
Rochester, Justus at, 521 sq. ; burnt, 557;
558; landbooks of, 563
Rochester (Durobrivae), Bishops of. See
Ithamar, Justus
Roderick (Ruderico), last King of the Visi-
goths, defeats Achila, 183; legends of,
ib. ; Arab attack on, 184; defeated at
Lake Janda, 185, 371; probable end of,
186; 187, 372
Rodez, taken by Franks, 114, 160; reverts
to Visigoths, 161
Rodoald, King of the Lombards, reigns, 203;
death, ib.
Rogatus of Africa, 288
Roland [. . . ] Praefect of the Bri-
tannic March, falls at Roncesvalles, 605
Rolandslied, of the Pfaffe Conrad, 605, 625
Roman Duchy, the (ducatus Romae), 228,
233, 577, 580, 582; surrendered to the
Pope, 590, 598; 597; 686, 691, 693 sq. ;
invaded by Liutprand, 695
Romania, name given to the possessions of
the Roman Church, 601
Roman Law, ch. III passim, 193
Romans, the, and the Persian wars, 28–30,
274–300; in Burgundy, laws for, 57; 71;
76, 89 sq. ,97 sqq. , 139,149, 165, 187; and
the Lombards, ch. vi. 1 passim; betray
Christophorus, 218; 244; and Gregory
the Great, 260; claim Suania, 266; and
the Avars, 268 sq. , 451; Iberians join,
270; and the Syrian Arabs, 331; 365,
372; and the Arabs in Asia Minor,
393 sqq. ; 402; destroy Melitene, 406;
defeated, 407; victorious, 410; 412, 414,
417,426, 442, 453 sq. ; 460, 462 sq. ;
466 sq. , 484, 487, 490, 495; in Britain,
496, 504; 520, 538, 583, 617 sq. ; ill-treat
Leo III, 619; with the Franks try the
case of Leo III, 620; 632 sq. , 639,689 sq. ,
693, 696, 706
Romanus, Byzantine general, annexes a
Suevic duchy, 167 sq.
Romanus, chaplain to Eanfled, 528
Romanus, exarch, wins support of a section
of Lombards, 200; death, 201,249; cam-
paign of, 244
Romanus, general, defeats the Persians,
279
Roman Wall, the, 545
Rome (the City), 4; taken by Belisarius,
15; taken by Totila, 17; taken by Byzan-
times, 18; depletion of, 23; granted
privileges by Justinian, 24; Vigilius
fetched from, 47, 689; 48, 54; reception


## p. 874 (#906) ############################################

874
Index
of Theodosian Code at, 56; law school
at, 61; treatment of slaves at, 62; 69,
93, 95 sq. , 101; Willibrord at, 128, 535;
attacked by Lombards, 130, 212; Carlo-
man takes Orders at, 131; 147, 194;
siege of (579), 198; siege of (593), 201,
244 sq. ; 205,207,213; Aistulf threatens,
215; siege of (756), 216, 217; disputed
papal election at, 218; threatened by
Desiderius, 219; Senate ceases to meet
in, 223; position of the officials in, 225;
ducatus of, 228, 233; the Pope under-
takes care of aqueducts and walls of,
229; provisioning of, 230; 231; 232;
Gregory the Great born in, 235; prae-
fect in, 236; Gregory obliged to remain
in, 237; and shares in governance of,
238; return of Gregory to, 239; the
plague at, 240; influence of Gregory at,
241; administration of Gregory at, 242 sq. ;
miserable condition of, 249 sq. ; 251;
bishop of Aquileia summoned to, 253;
and Phocas, 284, 286; the Saracen attack
on, 385; 387; Constans II at, 394; 399;
imperial army in, 401; arrest of Maximus
at, 402; 403; synod held at, 404; Mono-
theletes banished to, 405; Callinicus
banished to, 411; 412,414, 462, 468 sq. ,
473, 475, 496, 499; modes of calculating
Easter in use at, 501; Prosper at, 502;
515; missionaries to England leave, 516;
517, 529; pilgrims to, 533 sqq. ; Winfrid
at, 536, 538; 537, 555; Wilfrid at, 558,
562; Ceadwalla at, 560; Ine goes to,
563; Benedict Biscop visits, 573; supreme
authority of the Pope in, 577 sqq. ; the
Lombards threaten, 580, 589 sqq. ; 584 sq. ,
588; Stephen II returns to, 589; keys
of surrendered cities brought to, 590;
591; Desiderius at, 596; 597; reception
of Charles the Great at (774), 599, 702;
600 sqq. ; 616 sq. ; Eleutherius at, 618;
rises against Leo III, 619, 703; Leo re-
turns to, 620, 704; Charles crowned
emperor in, ib. ; 621 sq. , 687, 692 sqq. ;
Liutprand in, 695; 696; and the arch-
bishops of Canterbury, 697; 698; ill-
treatment of the Popes at, 701; Pope
Hadrian suppresses disorder at, 702
Rome (the State), 14; position of, 19; 22;
and the eastern tribes, 28; and the
defence of the frontiers, 32; and the
barbarians, 35 sq. ; 50, 71; and the
Visigoths, 109; and the Franks, 110;
and the Teutons, 132 sqq. ; and the
Lombards,207sqq. ; 231,233; exhaustion
of, 263; ideals of Justin II for, 265; and
the Avar embassy, 266; and Persia,
ch. Ix passim; and the Avars, 268 sq. ;
and the Turks, 269 sq. ; policy of
Tiberius II for, 273,277; and Heraclius,
300; colonising power of, 365; 459,
471 sq. , 480, 488, 500, 514, 635, 653;
evil effect of, on nations settled within
the Empire, 702
Rome, Bishops of. See Popes
Rome, Church of, triumphant in Hematiºn
controversy, 5 sq. ; Justinian aims =
reunion with, 27, 44 sq. ; Brunhild anº.
124; and the Franks, 146; Lombards
take possessions of, 197; St Columbans
and, 202; becomes predominant in Lº-
bard Italy, 206: 218; growing power,
229; great wealth, ib. ; chief landowne,
in Italy, 230; opposed to the Empire
231, 236; precedence of, disputed, 245;
under Gregory the Great, 248 sqq. , 251;
supremacy of, acknowledged in Africa.
252 sq. ; growth of authority in Gaº
256 sqq. ; and the Monothelete contrº
versy, 400, 690; and Constans II. 45:
and the Trullan Council, 408, 412,415,
690; differs in custom from Church ºf
Gaul, 518; and of Britain, 519 sq. ; cº-
servance of Easter by, 520; 524; and the
work of Boniface, 536 sqq. ; 545; and
the Iona missionaries, 554; Wilfrid sº
peals to, 556 sq. ; and the Frankish
Church, 576; greatest landed proprietor.
577; relations with Constantinople, 578,
601; relations with Charles the Great.
603 sq. , 615; and the sons of Charlestºs
Great, 624; 686 sq. ; early disputes with
Eastern churches, 688; and Justinian.
689; and the Iconoclasts, 691; positive
of, with regard to the Lombards in Italy,
694; and the conversion of England.
697
Rome, Marinus, Duke of, plots to murdes
Gregory II, 695
— Peter, Duke of, expelled, 414
Romuald, son of Arichis of Beneventº,
envoy to Charles the Great, 601
Romulus, 692
Ronan, monk of Lindisfarne, 528
Roncesvalles, legends and history of the
fight at, 486, 605
Ronda, 164
Rooky Wood, inscription at, 475
Rös, the, 423, 425, 429, 431, 433
Rosamund, daughter of Kunimund, Kingct
the Gepidae, marries Alboin, 195; mur-
ders Alboin, 196; flees to Ravenna, i. ;
death, ib.
Rosas, Leovigild at, 167
Rosellae, promised to the Pope, 603
Rosières, origin of name, 152
Rossano, taken by Totila, 17
Rostafiñski, J. , Polish botanist, his evidence
for the original home of the Balto-Slavs.
cited, 418
Rothari, King of the Lombards, Duke of
Brescia (“King Rother”), made King ºf
the Lombards, 203; policy, ib. ; car-
quests, ib. ; Edictus of, 203 sq. , 208:
Liguria taken by, 228
Rotrud, daughter of Charles the Grea,
sought in marriage for Constantine Wi.
601; 663
Rouen, Brunhild escapes from, 121; metrº-


## p. 875 (#907) ############################################

Index
875
politan see, 145; inscription at, 475;
archbishopric restored, 540
Rouen, Bishops of. See Grimo, Remedius,
Victrioius
Roumanians, the, (Vlasi, Vlakhs), 420; early
history, 440, 441 and note
Rouvray, origin of name, 152
Bouvres, origin of name, 152
Royalty, of the Franks, Merovingian, 133 sq. ,
640 sq. , 656; Carolingian, 620 sq. , 659;
of the Lombards, 208, 210; of the Visi-
goths, 176 sq. ; of the English, 569
Ruabon (Rhiw Fabon), 475
Riigen, Island of, (Ruiana), Slavs on, de-
scribed, 438; viking inhabitants, 456
Rueil, 115
Rngiland, occupied by Lombards, 195
Rupert, St (Rodbert), founds church of
Salzburg, 128, 533
Ruricius, Bishop of Limoges, in exile, 113
Rurik, dynasty of, creates Russian State,
432, 434
Russ, the, Germanic tribe, 434 and note,
443
Russia, spread of Christianity in, 35; trade
in, 41; 421; Slavs in, 423 sqq. ; Oriental
coins found in, 428; rule of the Varan-
gians in, 431; 433 sq. , 438, 450, 493
Russians, the, (White), 420 sqq. , (Little),
420; 437 note
Rustam, Persian general, 339; commands
against Muslims, 346; slain, 347
Rutland, 552
Saale, River, Avars on, 436 sq. ; Croats on,
438; Franks on, 439; 443sq. ; Sorbs on,
451 sqq. , 614
Saarburg in Lorraine, 475
Sabaeans, the, decline in prosperity of, 303
Sabaria, 166
Sabians, name given to disciples of Mahomet,
309 and note
Sabina, the, 603
Sabinus, jurist, 55
Sabor, River, 166
Sacerdos, priest, attends bishops at Council
of Aries, 498
Sa'd ibn Abl Wakkas, general, defeats
Persians, 346 sq. ; at the election of the
caliph, 355
Saeberht, King of the East Saxons, becomes
a Christian, 521; 522
Saethryd, step-daughter of Anna of East
Anglia, enters the monastery of Brie,
525
Saeward, King of Essex, drives Mellitus
from London, 522
Saexred, King of Essex, drives Mellitus
from London, 522
Sagas, the, of Scandinavia, 480 sqq.
Sagiuyne. See Segoyuela
Sahara, the, 35, 368
Sahin, Persian general, occupies Cappadocia,
285; successes of, 289 sq. ; 293; defeated,
294 sq. ; death, 295; 297
Sahrbarfiz, Persian general, enters Mesopo-
tamia, 285; 269; takes Jerusalem, 290;
invades Egypt, ib. ; cuts off corn supply,
291; takes Alexandria, 292; in Cilicia,
293; defeated by Heraclius, ib. ; removes
bridge, 294; before Constantinople, 295
sq. ; 298; treats with Heraclius, 299;
reigns a month, ib.
Saif ibn Omar, cited, 337
St Albans (Verulamium), martyrdom of
St Alban at, 497
St Alban's Abbey, founded by Offa, 565
St Andrew, monastery of, at Rome, founded
by Gregory the Great, 237; abbot of, 240
S. Angelo, castle of, origin of the name,
240
St Asaph's, Bishops of. See Asaph, Kenti-
gem
St Augustine's monastery, Canterbury,
founded, 519
St Benignus, Dijon, monastery of, 147
St Bertin, monastery of, King Childeric
confined in, 131
St Brieuc, 118
Ste Croix, Poitiers, convent of, founded,
119, 147
St Denis, abbey of, Charles Martel buried
at, 130; 576; land awarded to, 581;
council held at, 584; copy of the Dona-
tion of Constantino found at, 586 note;
Pepin dies at, 594
St Erasmus, monastery of, Leo III im-
prisoned at, 619, 703
St Gall, monastery of, 148
St Gall, the Monk of. See. Notker
St Germain-des-Pres, origin of, 119, 147;
157
St Honorat, abbey of, 147
St Judicael, 118
St Lawrence, monastery of, in Bergamo,
644
St Malo, 118
St Marcel, Chalon-sur-Saone, monastery of,
founded by Guntram, 147
St Martin of Tours, abbey of, 147, 157, 662
St Medard, monastery of, at Soissons,
founded by Chlotar I, 147
St Mihiel-sur-Meuse, monastery of, 148
St Olaf'B axe, 482
St Peravy-la-Colombe, Sigismund murdered
at, 117
St Quentin, 127
SS. Stephen and Sylvester, monastery of,
attack made on Leo III at, 703
St Tutwal, 118
St Victor, abbey of, at Marseilles, 147
St Vincent, monastery of, near Paris,
founded, 119, 147, 157, 163
S. Vincenzo, abbot of, ambassador to Ais-
tulf, 215, 582
S. Vincenzo, on the Voltumo, monastery
of, and the Saracens, 386
St Yrieix, monastery of, founded, 147
Saintes, 125
Sakifa, hall of the Banu Sa'ida, 333


## p. 876 (#908) ############################################

-876
Indea:
Saladin, 379
Salado (Wädi Bekka, Guadibeca), 185, 371
Salamanca, province, 186
Saldania (Saldaña), Asturian stronghold,
taken, 167
Salerno, 384; attacked by Saracens, 386;
Duke Arichis at, 601
Salerno, Sikonolf, Prince of, his feud with
Radelchis, 384 sq.
Salian Franks, the, 109, 111, 114, 116
Salic Law, codified by Clovis, 116; modified
by Chilperic, 121; 133 sq. , 137 sq. , 150,
576; prologue to, cited, 618; 675
Salmān the Persian, and the defence of
Medina, 320
Salona, 473
Salona, Bishop of. See Maximus
Salonae, taken by Avars, 296
Saloniki, 440
Salurn, Franks defeated near, 199
Salvius Julianus, lawyer, 54
Salzburg, St Rupert founds church of, 128;
worship of Odin at, 483; diocese of, 538;
sends missionaries to the Avars, 609
Salzburg, Archbishop of. See Arno
Salzkammergut, the missionary Rupert in,
533
Samaritans, revolt of, 44; disabilities of,
108
Samh, Arab general, takes Narbonne, 374
Samnium, overrun by Lombards, 198
Samo, Frankish founder of Slav kingdom,
155, 442, 451 sqq. , 457
Samosata, Heraclius at, 294; 410
Sangro, River, 205
Sanhaja, the, 379
San Juan de Alfarache (Osset), taken by
Leovigild, 170
Saône, River, 109, 118
Sapor, general, sent against the Lombards,
394; rebels, 396; death, 397; 417
Sarablangas, Persian general, slain, 294
Saracens, the, 34, 211; supported by Persia
in claims against Rome, 266 sq. ; 271;
expansion of, chs. XI, XII and xIII
passim; attack Rome, 385; raids of, in
southern Italy, 386; driven from Italy,
387 sq. ; 577 sq. , 581; attack Corsica,
600; 609; 626
Saragossa, expedition of Childebert against,
119, 162; 159; Leovigild at, 167; Sisen-
and at, 175; Froja at, 177; third Council
of, 188; taken by Arabs, 373; Charles
the Great at, 604; 606
Saragossa, Bishops of. See Braulio, Vincent
Sarbar, Persian general, defeated, 294 sq.
Sardica, 33
Sardica, Council of, British bishops at, 498
Sardinia, rebellion against Wandal rule in,
12 sq. ; imperial rule established in, 14;
taken by Totila, 17; restored to Rome,
19; in the praefecture of Africa, 21, 222;
officials of, 224; supplies corn to Rome,
230; estates of the Church in, 242; 248,
375; plundered by Arabs, 381; Saracens
concentrate at, 385; raided by Saraes
388
Sargana (? Sirgan), battle of, 280
Sarmatae, 427; advance of, 428,432
Sarmatae Arcaragantes, 432
Sarmatae Hamaxobii. 432
Sarmatae Liberi. 432
Sarmatae Limigantes, 432
Sarmatae Wagi, 432
Sarthe, inscription at, 474
Sarus, River, 295; Arab frontier reaches.
412
Sassanids, the, 263, 331
Satala, fort at, 33
Satfura, Saracen victory at, 370
Saturn, 463
Sauda, second wife of Mahomet, 315
Saul, Christian foundation at. 506: St Paº-
rick buried at, 507
Save, River, 33; Avars settle on, 35: iº,
276; 609; boundary of the empire ºf
Charles the Great, 615
Savignae, Savignec, Sévigné, Savigner.
original form of name, 151 sq.
Savoy, 109
Sawbridgeworth, 521 note
Saxnot (Saxneat), god, 485
Saxo Grammaticus, history of the legendsry
kings of Denmark by, 480, 483, 488
Saxons, the, piracy of, 110; and Chlotar I
119, 135; and Charles Martel, 129; trº
ditional law of, 138; 141; ally the
selves with Lombards, 196; return frº-
Italy, 198; and the Avars, 439; 44;
and Thor, 481 sq. ; 488; 536, 541, 558;
and Pepin, 582, 592 sq. ; 597, 602, 535,
608; conquered by Charles the Grest,
610 sqq. ; revolt of, 612 sq. ; ally with
Avars, 613; transported, ib. ; 625, 634,
641, 667, 672; Folkright of, put in
writing, 673; 697; 702
Saxony, expeditions of Charles Martel intº,
129; incursions of Carloman and Pepin
into, 131; 444, 450, 453; and the Frank.
ish Church, 537; 609; included in Frank.
ish kingdom, 611 sq. ; inhabitants trans-
planted, 613; 681
Sbeitla (Sufetula), the patricius Gregory
defeated at, 367
Scaevola, jurist, 55
Scalby Castle, inscriptions at, 473,475 sq.
Scandinavia, Oriental coins found in, 438:
heathenism in, ch.