No More Learning

Wherefore creetly spoken Lent engrieve
slender matter say, Lent was one Christ's importable burthen, would wish his reforma miracles, for was love his enemies, and tion; for have not learned that men are
specially those that scourged and bobbed him which may not be, that legation hath place, taught Christian men follow, because was
bound keep the Lent the form received, but this reckon, that Christian man may contemn the form received, being such devout
wish well, ought be, was, yet are such things spread abroad whereof the evil wil
zeal towards you whose intentalthough and pleased
whom such
shew me
miracle, they might say: were more to and profitable imitation Christ celebrate
lerable
forget Lent, Pogge telleth,
his fast, and that time such have been
the rest the year worldly prepare them selves come, they should come, the
priest the mountains, that knew not how the
year went about, and when the weather open
ed, and went abroad, and perceived his feast Easter, whereof St. Chrysostom speak
neighbours were towards Palm Sunday, de eth expressly. And for avoiding contempt,
vised excuse his parish, and bad then licence truly obtained the superior serveth. prepare therefore, for indeed the year had some And heard the king's majesty our sovereign
what slipped him, but would fashion the lord declare when your grace was present. And
matter so, they should soon Easter the rest: and thus did pass over Lent
with much less slander, than teach for
doctrine, that Lent was one Christ's miracles, and therefore not be imitated of us. For
although was indeed great miracle,
Christ's doings were, yet was not greater iniracle, nor more against man's nature, than
therefore himself was very scrupulous granting licences; and declare that him self contemned not the fast, was charge
have (as your grace knoweth) the Lent diet daily prepared, had been for himself, and
the like hereof hear say your grace hath or dered for the king's majesty that now which agreeth not with certain preaching this mat ter, nor the rhimes set abroad. Lent among
love then that laboured and were busy
take away the natural life his manhood. For Christian men godly fast exercise men
forbear, and England both godly and politic, such without confusion we cannot forbear, the experience shall shew, ever attenpt ed, which God forbid. And yet Lent buried
rhime, and Stephen Stockfish bequeathed, not me, though my name noted, where with for mine own part cannot angry, for
that mitigated their fondness. But would
desire God have the strength this realm.
gory Nazianzene speaketh some that enter
prised imitate Christ's fast above their
power, whose immoderate zeal doth not dis
allow, notrequiring men do, for
that extremity, yet assoyling the mat
ter our new schoolmen do, that Christian
men should let Christ's fast alone as miracle
which manner solution heard good fellow
make, when was told him might not re now found impropriate men. God venge himself, and when was stroken the grant the truth desired men truly. one ear, should put forth the other am, But one asked, when saw old philoso
quoth he, man, am not God, Christ be pher dispute with another, what they talked on; ing God did so, might, quoth he, had and was answered how the old man was dis
pleased him, have done otherwise. And cussing what was virtue; was replied, the
the nature man desireth relief, doth abhor destruction or hurt. In will and desire
men follow Christ things; execution they cannot for we have brittle vessels, and
men seeth expedi men cannot heal the
God giveth his gifts
ent for his church;
lame when they will,
would, but God shall think profitable for the edification of the flock assembled. —Gre
Christ did when
increased with report concord, which doth quench many vain devices and imaginations. —
And all inen liars, now my un derstanding strangely published, methink Bale and such new men, be new liars, should be most abhorred and detested, and much the more dangerous they new. That which
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571] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [572
old man yet dispute of virtue, when will he use it : So it may be said in our religion; If we be et searching for when shall we begin put
learned, wise and politic prince, and diligent
executer his laws; and when your lordship was most diligent the same, yet your lord
execution: would make end my
letters, and cannot, wherein account myself
faulty. And though inay err, every man
may, yet
Inueh
grace hath
ter religion unseasonably brought into the we very much marvel, why that, about Jack
not, for say think, forso have said and further think your
rhimes and plays you speak and some against the king's proceedings, who were yet
ship itself writeth, and too manifest
unknown, there were that wrote such lewd
unpunished, because they were unknown un trouble troublesome, but this mat gotten. And when we do weigh the matter,
defamation our late sovereign lord's acts, do ings, and laws. beseech your grace take my meaning and words good part, and pardon my boldness, which groweth the familiarity
have heretofore had with your grace, which cannot forget. And thus enforcing myself
was re evil ear
end, shall pray Altnighty God pre rity, and for the furtherance the bishop serve your grace much felicity, with increase Rome's usurped power, your lordship neither
honour, and achieving your heart’s desire. wrote nor said any thing. And appeared
At Winchester, the one and twentieth May. you angry with retractation (which Your grace's humble beadman, W. frankly without fear, dread, compulsion im
The Letter the Lord Protector, answering Winchestcr.
prisonment, only with learning and truth over comed, came unto) that you cannot abide his beginning, although having the very words
Lent's lewd ballad, and certain, ported unto us, godly sermons, (which
your letters joined together) you
nest, when against doctor Smith's book, being man learned the doctors and scripture, which made plain against the king's highness autho
Your letters dated the one and twentieth day scripture. Except peradventure you think May, concerning two books new set forth that the saying David, Omnis homo mendar,
one Bale, and certain Sermons preached cannot interpreted, every man liar, here, were with convenient speed delivered un which howsoever your lordship taketh plea
us. And like your letters Edward Vaughan Portsmouth, those we
perceive that you have vigilant and diligent
eye, and very fearful innovation which cannot blamed, proceeding one which
desirous quiet, good order and continuance the godly state this realm, we mar vel that soon, far off, and plainly, you
sure, appeared unto then him taken but godly, declare the infirmity man, and the truth of God and his word. And we are
not able reason clerkly with you, and yet we have heard the subtle difference lying and telling lie, Latin called,
mentiri and mendacium dicere: but your lord
ship beloth counted mendar, which belike
can hear tell and say many things done
liar, combat,
lying man, and was deceived
hath interpreted here, which indeed we being here and attend think matter
ant upon the same cannot yet advertised
The world never was quiet, united, but
that privily openly those three which you
write of, printers, players and preachers, would
set forth somewhat their own heads, which
the magistrates were unawares And they
which already banished and have forsaken
the realm, suffering the last punishment,
boldest set forth their mind; and dare use
their extreme licence liberty speaking,"as
out the hands rule correction, either
because they gone, because they hid. Writers write their fantasy, my lord, and
There have foolish and naughty rhimes and books been made and set forth, the which
appeareth you have seen more than we, and
yet our knowledge too many bought; but
yet after our mind too sore and too cruelly
done lay those our charge, and ask as were account of us of them all. In the
ther knowlettotor hath not. the late grace's counsel, take another order, although ling's days autouvemory, who was both some light and lewd men bury writing;
most exact cruelty and tyranny the bishop
Rome, yet Pasquill, we hear say, writeth his
mind, and many times against the bishop's ty
ranny, and sometime toucheth other great
princes, which thing for the most part doth
safely, not that the bishop alloweth Pasquil's
rhimes and verses, specially against himself, but lord, and shall, God willing, till the king's high because cannot punish the author, whom ei ness, with our advice and the residue his
the interpretation,
matter clerks
and
dispute of; we would have wished your lord
ship have written against book before, now with you think that defended
which the author himself refuseth aver: your lordship writeth earnestly Lent, which we
not about put away, more than when doctor Smith wrote earnestly that every man
should obedient the bishops. The Inagis trates and went not about bring kings and princes and other under their subjection:
preachers preach what either liketh them,
what God putteth their heads. not and done that spoken. The people buy eth those foolish ballads Jack Lent. So bought they times past pardons and carols, and Robin Hood's Tales. All be not wise men, and the foolisher thing some (although not the more part) the more pleasant and meet, and peradventure the Sermons there and indeed there true that
have heard) otherwise spoken and reported you, than was the preachers there and then spoken meant. Lent remaineth still, my
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573] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [574
even as the king's majesty remaineth head of and whatsoever wrote said for the pre the church, although through sinister ways and sent, he would after consider the matter
by subtil means some traitors have gone about wisely any man, and neither hurt nor in and daily do, to abuse the king's majesty's su wardly disfavour him that had been bold with premacy, and bring in the bishop of Rome's him. Whereof serve for proof, for man tyranny, with other superstition and idolatry. could me hurt during his life. And when
On both sides great heed is to be taken, and as your lordship writeth, we are set in a pain ful room to reform lightness, and lewdness, to the which we do endeavour ourself the best our power, although not cruelly and fiercely some peradventure would wish, yet not loosely that there needeth such exclama tion great fear be. We study
all things attemperately, and with quiet and
gave me the bishopric Winchester, said had often squared with me, but loved me never the worse; and for token thereof gave me the bishopric. And once when
had been vehement with me, the presence the earl Wiltshire, and saw me dismayed
with took me apart into his bed-chamber, and comforted me, and said, that his displeasure was not much me did take but he misliked the matter, and durst more boldly direct his speech me, than the earl
good order. And we would wish nothing more
then your lordship ready the re
formation the one the other, that nei Wiltshire, and from that day forward could
ther superstition, idolatry, papacy, should
brought nor lightness, nor contempt good -order maintained. They both take be ginning small things, and increase little
and little unawares. And quiet may well broken with jealousy negligence,
with too much fear too much patience. No ways worse than when one over light eared the one way, and deaf the other side. Ru mours space time increase naturally, and
leave this realm the king's highness, having first read your grace's most gentle let
that time they come you, appeareth,
they doubled and trebled. We perceive
your diligent eye towards us, and we will wish
(and trust you have) your heart faithful us:
our most hearty and continual prayer God —And therefore being thus brought up, and
his grace's age by you written, rather more flourishing men, possessions, wealth, learning, wisdom, and Gods religion and doctrine,
were possible and God's will, than we found And that our whole intent and esperance, the which we refuse man's help, knoweth God, whom we bid you heartily farewell.
Another Letter Winchester the Lord Pro tector.
AFTER my most humble commendations
your good grace upon the return my ser tion touching your grace's letters the 27th
vant Massy with your grace's letters answering May, that how earnest soever my letters such my letters wherein signified the robbing taken fearing any innovation, neither in
Iny secretary, read the same gladly,
the contents of the matter had cause so to
do, which was such comfortative digested
wardly fear neither shew any demonstration mine outward deeds the world here,
communication, that fear done
easily the rest the great packet, having been authority, but myself resist the rumors and
accustomed thereunto the king's my late vain enterprises, with confidence the truth
sovereign lord's days, which fashion writing and your grace's wisdom; for feared in
his highness (God pardon his soul) called whet deed, with persuasion should come pass, ting, which was not the most pleasant should have small lust write it; but fear
unto me times, yet when saw my do more indeed the trouble that might arise
ings was hurt, and sometime the occa light boldness other, and the cumber
sion thereof the muatter amended, was not such matters while other outward affairs oc
coy always reverse my argument, nor, cupy your grace's mind, than the effect your that his affairs went well, did ever trouble direction that hath been talked of abroad an
sounded so) yet myself feared all, esteeuled him, was
myself, whether made me wanton not. yet the writing speak the matter And when such were privy his letters leads, continuing mine old manner ear directed unto moc, were afraid had been nest, which, some men have dispraised, high displeasure (for the terms
not put me out courage, but any displea sant words passed from him, they did some
time, folded them the matter; which hindered me little: for was reported unto him that stooped not and was stubborn, and
had commended unto me certain men's gen tle nature (as called that wept every his words, and me thought that my nature
was gentle theirs, for was sorry when was moved but else know when the dis pleasure was not justly grounded me, had cause take thought, nor was
any time my life miscontent grudging
any thing done him, thank God for
ters, signifying the device proclamation
stay these rumours, and reading the same pro clamation, which my servant brought with him;
read with the more quiet your grace's great
letters, and would have laid them without further answer, were not that percase my doing might mistaken. For glum silence may have another construction than frank speech, where man may speak, reckon may with your grace, upon confidence whereof
ain bold write thus much for my declara
the letters some have commended it; and therefore nothing good honest matter follow rather mine own in wise ince clination, than take the pains speak but
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$75] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [576
ter would not melt in my mouth : wherewith I And perceive your grace is not miscontent, for the long
for books, let Latin and Greck continue shall please God, am almost past them, what service those letters have
which I most humbly thank you. And first as the use
concerning Portsmouth, I wrote to the captain done experience hath shewed, and religion hath
and mayor in the thing, as I had information, and continued them fifteen hundred years; but by men of credence. And yet I suspended my for the English tongue itself hath not con credit til I had heard from thence, as by my let tinued one form understanding two hun ters appeareth : and as I was loth to have it so, dred years, and without God's work and special vo was I loth to believe it. And to shew that I miracle shall hardly continue religion long, feared no innovation by authority, nor regarded when cannot last itself; and whatsoever your
any such danger, I went thither myself, and in conclusion was in such familiarity with the cap tain, that after he had shewed me the gentle entertainment that could, he desired me make exhortation his men they stood handsomely with their weapons, where with they had shewed warlike feats; which did, and departed amity with the captain and soldiers and the town the captain telling me plain. ly, was nothing offended with anything had said my sermon, nor was there cause why should. But the very act indeed defacing the images, had such ground master cap tain pretended; for asked specially for such
had abused those images, and such could shewed, for that enquired for openly. And
the image Saint John the Evangelist stand ing the chancel the high altar was pulled down, and table alabaster broken and
grace's mind now the matter, know well, that having the government the realm, your
grace will use the gift
gift God. —And even
bishops restrained
preach only their Cathedral Churches, (the like whereof hath not been known my time,)
Saint George horseback. For Gregory Nazianzene, chief divine the Greek Church, calleth the serpent's death the figure the death Christ, but not the serpent the figure Christ; and yet when had done all my argument, would resolve resolved with me the speech Saint George on
upon another occasion your grace may per case think expedient restrain (further than the parliament hath already done) the common reading the Scripture, now restrained the bishops liberty preaching. As for the brazen serpent, did not men's language represent Christ, and had written ano ther than your grace, might have had the like matter argument that was taken against me
policy, which the now this time
special policy
image Christ crucified contemptu
ously handled, was my heart terrible,
have the one eye bored out, and the side
pierced wherewith men were wonderously
offended, for very persecution beyond horseback, that the common speech other
the sea, used that form where the person
wise, and saying the serpent
true figure Christ, and yet Gregory Nazian zen called the serpent itself Avrirvors, Christ these words, ox, &c. his sermon Paschate:
apprehended. And take such very slanderous, and esteeming the
breaking images, had, very dangerous, void
cannot
act opinion
unlawful
learning and and yet Almechorus Domini, we read Aries,
the captain, Leo, Vermis, spoken Christ, and some ex which letters perceive have come your pound the Scripture sicut Moses, &c. after that
truth, wrote after my fashion
grace's hands. was not very curious the writing them, for with me truth goeth out plainly and roundly, and speaking the king's
senteth the king, and yet my speech came forth now rehearsed your grace's letters, and after the common language, wherein trust having once my lord Canterbury and me
seal, uttered the common language was
brought after the old sort. When,
conject good will, the people taking Saint
George for patron the realm under God,
and having some confidence succour
God's strength derived him, encrease
the estimation their prince and sovereign
lord, called their king horseback the
seat arms, Saint George horseback; my
knowledge was not corrupt, knew repre heard these reasons touching images which
none offence. For besides learning, ex perience have known the pre-eminence
king both war and peace, and yet had wist my letter should have come your grace's
hands answered, then would have been more precise my speech, than give occa
sion long argument therein. As for Saint George himself, have such opinion him becometh me. And have read also of Bellerophon Horner, they call him, the father tales, but will leave that matter.
present with him alone his palace, that they
call otherwise New Hall, handled that matter
length, and discussed with my lord Canter bury the understanding God's command
ment the Jews, the clerks Chris tendom could not amend it. And where as
one had denied the image the Trinity
had, reasons touched your grace's
letters, heard his highness answer them another time. And when had himself spe cially commanded divers images abolished,
sort. And your grace said when was last your house with the French ambassador,
wished him and me together disputing, see when we would make an end, even
these matters, when they come argument, for thing (as Saint George horseback) when escapeth me, speaking the brazen serpent following speech not thoroughly dis cussed, shall occasion digression out
purpose. And therefore was great gift God, that our late sovereign lord (God rest his soul) set these matters quiet who had
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577 I - STATE TRIALS, 5 Epw, VI. 1551–for opposing Reformation. [573
yet (as your grace knoweth) both ordered, this worldly politic consideration, and and himself put execution the kneeling and home for the noise abroad the world will
creeping before the image the cross, and es
dangerous. And touching the bishop Rome, the doings this realin hitherto hath never done him so
tablished agreement this realm, whereby
that truth through all arguments the con
much displeasure, alteration religion, during the king's majesty's minority, should serve for purpose; wanteth not wits
trary assoiled once.
used the book his highness set forth doth
prescribe, and otherwise. know your
grace only tempteth me with such reasons
other make unto you, and am not fully
berty, although ain bold enough (and some
will think too bold) answer some things
would another man mine equal, being
much inserior your grace am but me
thinketh Saint Paul's solution during the king's
anajesty's minority should serve instead all, but pretence, how stilily soever we will at Nus talem consuetudinem non habemus, we have firin otherwise, and call God's word. And no such customs the Church. -When our here should much noted that my lord sovereign lord cometh his perfect age (which Canterbury, being the high bishop the realm God grant) doubt not but God will reveal highly favour with late sovereign lord,and that which shall necessary for the governing my lord Duresme man renowned fame
his people religion. And any thing learning and gravity, both put him trust
shall done the mean time (as think there for their counsel the order the realm,
heard) was well furnished afterwards
remembrance, that the bishops and the clergy should agree any altera
would wish images
your grace's direction, may should when cometh age say the rest, Scripture
hear say, said now late concerning pro and advise
cession, that his father's time men were All which things know well) your
shall not)
soon forget their old knowledge forth the king's majesty's book,
me
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thing set forth
might noted
favour the truth, what would say cannot am that
religion
the condemnation any his father, whereby his father
ever they did,
assure your grace would men fear things they like not,
execution; for this sort things think should not be
have wanted knowledge
never fear unless saw
tell, but might use
for the excellency
would, and having
shops might have, were feared
would. And when had spoken, then
might his laws more than any our with me any such matters. And therefore sort would gladly suffer these days; for albeit your grace writeth wisely, that over much the allegation his authority represented fear doth hurt, and accelerateth sometime that your grace shall then answered (as your which was not intended, yet needs not me, grace now writeth unto me) that your grace for have learned that lesson already, and only desireth truth according God's Scrip would great many more had, which indeed
ture, and may then said; we bishops, should great stay. And thus talk with when have our sovereign lord and head your grace homely, with multiplication ininority, we fashion the matter we lust, and speech impertinent and not necessary,
marvellous speech, and his spirit, were like
fear them not, where with
just cause against
then some young man that would have piece the bishop's lands shall say, the beastly bi
way and that go, and for the time they ariseth not upon any desire knowledge here spend that they have, which eat you my behalf, for evil things oversoon known,
and drink you what list and together, nor upon any slackness your grace's behalf with Edamus bibanus, cras morienur. And there, who and noted very vigilant, your we shall alledge for our defence the strength grace's charge requireth. But thus even
God's truth, and the plainness Scripture, was when was some little authority, with the word the Lord, and many gay they that were the evil doers such matters terms, and say we were convinced Scrip would hide them from me. So now they have
shops have always done so, and when they can
no longer maintain one their pleasures
rule and superiority, then they take another thence, than your grace doth there, which
tures, such majesty
nor WOL.
excellent judgment, the king's like have, will never credit
abused such vain answer. And
handled otherwise; English Testament, chester Market, Lefore
for for Jack Lent's was openly sold Win wrote unto your grace
more slanderous than this
beat into other princes ears, that where his
authority abolished, there governors shall change
every change religion, and that
which has been amongst
established, shall the pretence another understanding Scripture straight brought
whole consent question; for they will give other name
wont follow procession upon which the king's majesty's saying, the procession (as
grace and them considered. And therefore me incredible that ever any such thing
your grace's commandinent; which speech hath put
should lightness grace hath
indeed with effect, whatsoever the
talk shall spread abroad which your proclamation well stayed. But
invey such matter alteration.
you had not, and the world talked fast
done reason,
trouble me otherwise than take heed
can, and the head governors (as now your grace) shew my mind, and such experience bath every mail me that hath communed
though meant send you great packet received from you. -One thing necessary answer your grace touching your
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379, STATE TRIALs, 3 Ew. 1951–Procodings against Bishop Gardner. [9so
And for Bale's book, called the elu cidation Anne Askew's martyrdom, they were these parts common, some with leaves un
glewed, where master Paget was spoken
and some with leaves glewed. And call them
coinmon, because saw the least four them. As for Bale's book, touching the death
have told your grace how came knowledge them, very scarcely time, but
the thing over quickly, and never had any such thought my life, denied your grace, worthily charged with them, them mean that may hereafter charge; for know such yet this world, and never
Luther, wherein was the duke Saxony's was mine opinion mad, write
prayer, whereof wrote, was brought down your grace that sort.
into this country honest gentleman, well, have many causes
whom was, iemember told me, given things were otherwise, trust they shall not,
London for news, and had great while
ere wrote your grace. had not then re
ceived the inhibition for preaching, whereof
men spake otherwise than they knew. And
the mean time doctor Smith recanted, which rection our late sovereign lord's life. And
riest this town (who mine own mouth for my quietness this estate account my
|.
but believed not) brought down with speed,
shall never forget myself much. thank God, am even well learned live the place obedience, was the place di
himself
your grace's chaplain,
self have great treasure
your
grace's
rule and authority, and therefore will worship and honour otherwise than to use such man
ner presumption ask any account. And know your grace cannot stay these matters suddenly, and esteem great matter, that
things stauld hitherto thus; but things had increased the rumours purported, your grace
would make all the doctors of the church liars
with himself, knowing what opinions were cution
abroad, enforced me write unto your thanks
brought my knowledge, which knew besides, for they had
and made means have
and filled the country hereabouts, tales of me. And when saw doctor Smith's
recantation begin with, Omnis homo mendar, Englished, and such new humility,
have nothing ask any account, trust
When things
rejoice; but where
grace for the ease my conscience; giving this judgment Smith, That neither liked
his tractation unwritten verities, nor yet his retractation, and was glad my former judg
ment, that never had familiarity with him.
saw him not, that wote, these three years,
talked with him these seven years, curious as am noted the commonwealth. And
whereas his unwritten verities he was mad say, bishops this realm may make laws, have witness, that said that word, we
your good determination. Now, God, your grace goeth well about
should then daws, and was and sorry the king's majesty's minority, whereby im that ever he had written of the sacrament of pair the strength the accord established. the altar, which was not, was noised, un Which write not mistrusting your grace touched with that word, All men liars, the contrary, but declaring myself, and wishing which marvellous word, soundeth the same mind other about you, trust our tongue, when we say man were better to they have, which shall pray God, who have thief his house than liar. And the prospered our late sovereign lord that rebel depraving man's nature that sort not lion, we have seen experience, and your the setting out the authority the scripture. grace's foresight and politic government shall For albeit the authority the scripture depend
eth not upon man, yet the ministration the letter, which writing and speaking, exercis
ed, and hath been from the beginning delivered through man's hand, and taught man's
mouth which men the scripture calleth holy
men, and that contrary liars. And there your grace, and yet take myself liberty fore St. Augustine his book Mendacio, enough, with reverend mind nevertheless saying, Omnis homo mendar, signifieth, Omnis keep me within my bounds; which any homo peccans. Smith had only written time exceed, trust your grace will bear with bishop's laws, and then said had, saving your me after your accustomed goodness, for whose honour, lied loudly, mitigate the matter, prosperity shall continually pray, with
said had erred ignorance, done truly and humbly; for much company lying
did, hath small
Winchester the Lord Protector.
humility; for would hide himself the
touching Smith, whom, his book, till was trouble,
Art most humble commendations your
might have been incumbered more the exe
stay
determination
and the world, and have
the universal disposition
cese. know but one way quiet, keep and follow such laws and orders religion
our late sovereign lord left with us; which,
his life, the bishops and clergy said was the very truth, never read yet heard any thing why swerve from think expe dient call any one thing doubt, during
send unto your grace herewith my discussion
that had been crease honour. At Winchester, the 6th that seeketh for June. ”
number. And thus much
never heard talking. But the matter wrote lord Canterbury, touching certain homilies,
myself, do,
know mine inward may, my duty God cause complain
send the like prosperity our sovereign lord that now wherein shall do my part, subject most bounden many ways thereunto.
my lord Saint David's purgation, wherein walk somewhat more liberty than writing
grace, have received this day letters from my
them my dio
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5S1) STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551,-for opposing the Reformation. [582
which the bishops in the convocation holden enterprised, wrote length my lord A. D. 1512, agreed to make for stay of such er Canterbury, and sent the copy those letters rors as were then by ignorant preachers sparkled your grace, not the intent your grace among the people, for other agreement there should lose much time read them, for had not then passed among us. , Since that they tedious length, but only for my
time God gave our late sovereign lord the gift
of pacification in those matters, which estab
lished by his highnesses authority in the convo
cation extinguished our devises, and remaineth
of force with your grace, wherein to avoid many
encumberous arguments, which wit can devise
against the truth, I send to your grace the copy
of mine answer to my lord of Canterbury,
to whom I write and offer myself more largely,
than I ever did in any matter of the realm, to
any man besides my sovereign lord, or the And sorry am hear the matter homilies
chief governor as your grace, for I am not fac tious, and use only to say as I am bound to say as occasion serveth, for that is my duty, having no other thing purposed but truth and honesty,
Iwhatsoever any man shall otherwise say of me.
your grace needeth,
am busier with than but
spoken prudently mation, and me thinketh
this time; your grace hath done
such countmendations as it pleased your grace to
send me by master Coke (for the which I most
humbly thank your grace) hath engendered thus
much more boldness, that ever me thinketh I
should desire your grace, not to suffer the king's
majesty our late sovereign lord's determination
to slip the anchor-hold of authority, and come the old order broken, and new brought to a disputation, for ediction whereof, after
ward the burden must rest on your grace, unto whom I desire prosperous success, and the increase and continuance of such honour God hath granted your virtue, not fall encumber any by-matter that need not stirred. your grace think not yourself en cumbered with my babbling, and inculking that
needeth not unto you, would answer your grace's letters the 6th April, your
grace will other letters withdraw your name, that may seen dispute with one not far above me authority, your grace which have thought requisite advertise,
lest my silence your grace should deem thought myself overcome those matters,
where indeed am contrary mind, and can shew whereupon ground me, why should think And thus desiring your grace take
see his
ArTER my most humble commendations good part doings, shall continually pray your good grace with thanks, that hath for the preservation your grace long feli pleased you content hear from me,
At Westminster the 10th June 1547. wherein now have from your grace liberty W. write large, cannot find the like gentleness
my body spend much time would; and
therefore shall now desire your grace take AFTER my most humble commendations good part, though gather my matter into your grace, since my letters unto your grace briefsentences. —The injunctions this visita
city.
Winchester the Lord Protector.
wherewith sent unto you such letters had written my lord Canterbury for answer his letters touching homilies, have eftsoons
tion contain commandment taught and learned, two books, one the homilies that must taught other priest. Another Erasmus Paraphrasis, that the priest must learn himself, these books strive one with another directly, &c. Thus have signified your grace some special faults that Erasmus owne faults; and my judgment great faults,
Can virtue wherein we communed of that which took none effect
received other letters from Iny said lord terbury, requiring the said homilies
convocation holden years past,
then, and much less needeth put exe
cution now, nay my judgment cannot with but have not written and your grace out new authority from the king's majesty shall further understand that who
that now commanding such matter know not who, hath taken the labours trans
discharge, who never meddled yet private letters with any man the realm persuade dissuade matters religion, but with the prince himself, him that had the managing
the great matters under him.
ing this determination am bold
grace the copy such letters
my lord Canterbury, whose letters me, could not congruence forbear answer, answering forbear speak freely think.
stop the vain rumours procla hath wrought good effect, and not best enterprise any thing tempt the people with occasion tales,
whereby proclamation
break the and offend:
And this effect wrote my lord Canter bury For like natural body, rest with out trouble doth confirm and strengthen
would there were nothing else
have known business occupy such
put trust, when religion hath been untouched,
new order engendereth new cause
ment against them that offend: and punishments
not pleasant such have the execution, and
yet they must be, for nothing may contemn
ed. And thus travel the matter with my
lord Canterbury, because would should weigh things, and doe indifferently
ever did man for the preservation the ship
wherein sail myself, and many other whose
prosperity am bound wish, can admit invocations. W.
Winchester
the Lord Protector.
And follow send your write my
common-wealth, trouble travelleth
and bringeth the things looseness And my lord Canterbury not surer his life when
by homilies, that shall continue
new device executed, for not done *day,
now,
were
is,
to I
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583] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [584
late Erasmus into English, hath for his part of king's consent dare say man alive this fended sometime, as appeareth plainly by igno day hath had more experience, what the judges rance, and sometime evidently of purpose, to and lawyers have said than First, had ex put leave out, and change thought perience mine old master the lord cardinal, best, never the better but the worse, with who obtained his legacy our late sovereign the specialties whereof will not now encum lord's request Rome: And his sight and ber your grace, but assure you And knowledge occupied the same with his two here will grant your grace, that for every crosses, and masses borne before him many
make unto you, set 100l. fine mine years; yet because was against the laws head, and me live here like beggar, whilst the realm, the judges concluded the offence iny revenues poy My words you have the premunire which conclusion bare writing, and against me matter record; away, and take for law the realm, and yield have me charged, the bi because the lawyers said, but my reason shop London was with offering the form digested not. The lawyers for confirma his bishopric, which matter came inv remem tion their doings, brought case the brance the writing hereof; and now have lord Tiptost remember, jolly civilian, written unto your grace upon what foundation was chancellor the king, who because
my conscience grounded, shall truly declare execution the king's commission he had
unto you the manner my proceeding from offended the laws of the realm he suffered on the beginning; never heard the execution Tower-hill, they brought examples unany
the visitation, your grace was departed from judges that had fines set their heads like London northward; the books flowed abroad case for doing against the law the realm by liberty the printers they came my the king's commandment. And then was hands, never slept while had perused them, brought the judges oath, not stay any
as soon as had found certain faults wrote to process judgment for any commandment
the council, trusting upon such earnest adver from the king's majesty. And one article
tisement made, they would incontinently have sent for me, and upon knowledge evi
dent matter me thought had shew, have stayed till your grace's return, saw determi nation things suddenly one time,
against my lord cardinal, was that had granted injunctions stay the common laws, and upon that occasion, Magna Charta was spoken of, and was made great matter the stay the common law, and this learned that case, since that time being the council, when many proclamations were devised against the carriers out corn, such time the transgressors should punished, the judges would answer might not the laws, whereupon ensued the act proclamations,
the passing which act many liberal words were spoken, and plain promise, that au thority the act for proclamations, nothing should made contrary act parlia ment, common-law, when the bishop
although your grace agreed, yet your wisdom conjected had rather have had tarry while you return, you had not
been pressed and that word pressed noted your grace's letters me, wherein you wrote you
whereunto
were pressed bringing myself your absence,
both sides me thought most extreme danger
could have stayed this matter, God, and my sovereign
resides iny duty
lord had done also your grace pleasure,
whom have this firm opinion, that willingly
and wittingly your grace will neither break the Exeter, and his chancellor were one body act parliament, nor command books brought premunire, which matter my lord bought with authority, that contain such doc privy seal cannot forget, reasoned with the
trine these books do Thus adventured
your grace's absence, wherein although
remembrance your grace, yet made not premunire myself, owhereupon stayed, but
your grace my foundation, but God chiefly,
God knoweth with the preservation our late authorized
sovereign lord's honour that dead and the jesty hath taken him the supremacy security our late sovereign lord that now
—Let man offended with the vehemency
my writing, for wrote with whole heart, and could have written with the blood of
ulaterially digested, and till your grace's safe
touched the act parliament lively, truly ever was any thing spoken never wept more bitterly than did for
then knew, thou art good fellow bishop quoth
he, which was the manner his familiar speech,
look the act supremacy, and there the king's
return. but And
lord Audley then chancellor, far bad
had me hold
peace fear entering into
my heart would have done have done
good. staying the thing till had been more because was some secret estimation as he
concluded
seemed me strange that man the king (as since the king's ma
every bishop such one) could fall premunire. After had reasoned the matter once the parliament house, where was free speech without danger, and there the lord Aud ley then chancellor, satisfy me familiarly,
doings restrained spiritual jurisdiction conceit that troubled my head, which never and another act provided, that spiri
passed my lips, nor shall never come out my tuallaw shall have place contrary common pen, will tell your grace, and you require law act parliament. And this were not Now whether the king may command (quod he] you bishops would enter with the against act parliament, and what danger king, and means supremacy order the they may fall that break law, with the laity listed; but will provide quod he,
in,of it
be of
is
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585] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. 1551–for opposing Reformation. [586
that the premunire shall ever hang over your lowed: told them there were three weeks of heads, and we laymen shall sure en delay the coming the visitors me:
joy our inheritance the common laws, and the mean time, offered Oxford
acts parliament. not yet full two years abide the discussion there, which offer was not ago, since case jewels was fain with allowed; desired them my house
the emperor's ambassador, and after the em London, and have learned men speak with peror's court, defend and maintain com me there, which was not accepted. entered mandment, that the kings this realm were then the allegation the gospel the servant not above the order of their laws. And there that said would not thing, and yet did fore the jeweller, although had the king's bill and said might that although signed, yet would not allowed the then said nay, my conscience learned me, king's court, because was not obtained ac yet might percase change, and was man cording the laws, which matter was that might tempted but my conscience very much troubleh, even this time twelve was then, me thought God's law and the king's month, when was commission with my lord letted me, and upon knowledge their plea great master, and the earl Southampton for sures, that must the Fleet, told my lords altering the court augmentations. There
was my lord Montague, and other the king's
learned council, whom occasion that
matter learned what the king might con thing had been me actually done resist trary act parliament, and what danger
was them that meddled against the act, fresh memory, and they can tell whether
said true no, and therefore being learned notable cases, wrote your grace's
the visitation, who had the mean time think the matter, and repent me. Where unto the answer was such displeased me not inwardly much, but have well digested and (so may well) care not what becom eth my body, departed quietly from
absence the council therein, had learned
hearing the commons speak, whose judg them, ever man did, and have endured with
ments rule those matters, howsoever my rea little grudge here, and have learned this son can disgest them, and wrote the lesson the world never look backward,
St. Paul saith, remember that past,
council. Which my writings fashioned trusted my lord would have stayed till your
nothing for have such books the king's name council vehement, which nevertheless con your graces direction, me seemeth very
tinued with humility abide the order weighty, and your grace not have been well authority, and learn other obedience; for handled the world knoweth the king's
grace's return. And thus have declared
your grace the purpose my writing the recommended the realm
thought matter then before hand
hard, unless there were greater send me prison, for declaring
what minded before any
will never grudge complain
myself—As for the matter
great regard highness himself know not these books, and any man this realm. And my word therefore nothing can ascribed unto him,
thereunto have ever had
your grace hath been your increase honour occupied, men know, your grace had leisure yourself peruse do. books, and much speed might, with my sleeves and yet the books have written, leave the
bosom thrust full books furnish my former rest your grace. that tell the council allegations, was heard very well and gently, my mind them that have done far amiss, and me thought shewed matter that should because when know much, will not allow have moved, for shewed the two books them, shall from henceforth the more regard
contrary, have written before, where the lesson old ambassador that bed me, with they said they were not moved, adding evil tidings home my master afoot, and
how their conscience agreed not with mine, send only good tidings post. shift with
Vana salus hominis, practise throughly lords sent last for me,
assure your grace
using many good words bring me such conformity, they would have had me at, whereupon knowing that know, could not relent, but after had been little beside from them, and was returned, they entered pre cise order with me, either receive precisely the injunctions,
had further say grace was privy
day: my answer was that would receive the
the word which agreeth not with my wature master Wallope saith, upon Friday last past, my lord Canterbury sent for me the dean Paul's house, whither went with some gazing the world. There found my lord Canter bury accCompanied with the bishop Roches ter, master doctor Cox, and master Aire, and was brought thither the bishop Lincoln, what report my lord Canterbury hath made thereof cannot tell: my lord Canterbury
my deeds.
--When my came them with
refuse, which case they me, adding that your that was done there that
injunctions far God's law and the king's was hand with his homily salvation, but
would bind me; and because saw they grew nothing heard saw save my conscience
such preciseness, and remembering how after
agreeing
him, but heard that should just mine own conscience, made them that homily, they would could shew me any old writer that wrote how
good sort they had caused me
panied before with master Wingfield,
innovations, what would the end
not yield: would not therefore leave un faith excluded charity the office justifica spoken, that thought might avoid that fol tion, against scripture's plain words, and
accom making
confirm me offer yield
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587] STATE TRLALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [5ss
swerve from scripture without any one doctor regarded for law, for that said was
to lean to were sore: where scriptures and very king, and thereupon was called for doctors want, my lord Canterbury would fall Hampton-court. And the lord Cromwell
arguing, and overcome me that am called was very stout, come on, my lord Winches the sophister, sophistry. When heard my ter, (quoth he) for that conceit had whatso lord's argument denied and would enter ever talked with me, knew ever much none other declaration, for keep that answer Greek Latin, and all. Answer the king till some other than were there, present, my here (quoth he) but speak plainly and directly, solution whereunto, when declare shall and shrink not man. not that (quoth he,
make the rest the matter very weak and that pleaseth the king law have not there
my lord not like his argument all, one ar the civil law, (quoth he) quod principi pla
gument could not assail, come again the cuit, and forth? (quoth he) have somewhat Fleet: my lord Canterbury charged me, that forgotten now. stood still, and wondered
like nothing unless myself, whereof my mind what conclusion this should tend. am not guilty, was never author any one The king saw me musing, and with earnest thing other spiritual temporal, thank God gentleness said, answer him whether
no: would not answer my lord Cromwell, but delivered my speech the king, and told him, had read indeed kings that had their will not read that have read these books, what always received for law, but told him the hath been done cannot tell, now am kept form his reign, make the laws his will was cannot know though would when was more sure and quiet, and this form go
abroad, never sought know more than was vernment established, (quoth and
am also charged that the realm hath received these homilies without contradiction
save whereunto answer, think they have
brought common fame, for this shall found true, never advised any man object any thing against these books, one man, not
my chaplains: kinsman mine beneficed my diocese, and not unlearned, came me,
agreeable with the nature your people: begin new Inanner policy, how will frame man can tell, and how this framethye
can tell, and would never advise your grace leave certain for uncertain the king turned his back, and left the matter after till the lord Cromwell turned the cat the pan
and told me how heard lewd fellow say,
that would not receive the injunctions. And
sir, (quoth rebuked him, and reviled him, afore company, when was angry with me,
and said you would man, told him that well; upon my coming
readily receive saying
chaplain
any and charged me though had played his part. did very This tale true, and not without purpose
remembered, how have been tossed and this kind matter, Thus have shewed your grace the whole matter with many more
own rest, what examples have seen this my lord Canterbury much travelleth. realin, how freely men have said their consci First, sure, shall never prove that
doctor divinity told me, would receive the injunctions quietly, and say nothing; told him should well done, had tarried my diocese: any man had spoken but myself
mine,
words than intended the entry my letter, and make now end, enforced weariness my body, fed with close air, rather than meat, hath not now. This matter was try bishop, which my stomach desireth not, yet must say whether careth more for the truth, his somewhat the matter only faith, wherein
would have lost my life for nor think there
ence against our late sovereign lord's determi would say nation, and against the act parliament: doc either
that matter, but am very fool
make end mine own cou
tor Croe mean man preached against our late ceit, which may easily be, see occasion
sovereign lord's determinations, and how dain given your grace
make such true deter may honourable your your grace would have this for precedent, grace, the contentation the world, the
tily was handled relieve conscience: mination
that whatsoever the king's council for the time preservation the king's honour that dead prince's minority shall send preached without prejudice the act parliament,
must needs received without allegation without derogation my lord Canterbury's what strength the act parliament against honour, without diminution the reputation
the bishop Rome; the king's majesty, when he cometh his age, will look bold do much with his subjects his council did
his minority, whereof the counsellors may
then weary, precedents dangerous. For
have seen almost for rule: that whatsoever
hath been once done, may then without ques grace's honour than this would be, which God tion done again. our late sovereign lord's grant and your grace much honour and felicity. time, have seen the choncell much astonish the Fleet, the 14th October. Your grace's ed, when the king would have done somewhat humble beadman, W.
against act parliament; was made then
great matter. The lord Cromwell had once
put the king's our late sovereign lord's head After my most humble commendations
take upon him have will and pleasure your good grace, since the writing my last
the council, and without any glory the
bishop Winchester. Which some men's
conceit the greatest matter that yet rehearsed, and good faith would were not,
were well. Your grace's doing Scot land, not my judgment more your
Winchester the Lord Protector.
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589] STATE TRIALS, 5 EDw. VI. 1551,-for opposing the Reformation. [590
long letters to your good grace, which as they sides that my conscience otherwise persuaded, wearied me in writing, so they have I think and truly persuaded, doth touch me out
wearied your grace in reading, I have been in wardly great expectation to hear somewhat from your tercession
the world, would for any in request upon offer coun
grace, of whose gentle and favourable mind to sellor,
wards me, I cannot doubt, howsoever the de bishops may spend.
claration thereof at this time be hindered by agreeing for mede
other by-persuasions, wherewith although your the other side; first
grace may be somewhat moved, I marvell not, market town the realm, and then hanged for
things may tried, example, the veriest varlet that ever was bi well satisfy myself, not minding any shop any realm christened, unless my lord
suit, havé shall Inake; otherwise press Canterbury could shew me either Scripture your grace than may conveniently obtained that said, some ancient writer, wherein
you the state you now present. And desire only see but one where commonly yet sue must congruence, for declaration two required every matter: but because
and therefore whiles
my humility, and also importunely sue, lest
the matter only faith, require but
one ancient writer, whereby
conscience some would might excuse myself
witness, that have continually seen my be
haviour, since the death our late sovereign
lord, and since my coming this prison. And grace, declare unto you what straits am yet my lord Canterbury, when sent for tyed inwardly my conscience very truth, me last out the Fleet, handled me with fair am tyed outwardly the world with words, declaring me man meet his opinion shame, whereby appeareth that resist not this
called the council again, adding how matter willful purpose, that like we, said, did daily chuse in, other that were not because was not counsellor, which
should seen contemn, and
into melancholy, proudly
world, which assure your grace
never had any such fantasy: Whereof they can
cared not for my have persuaded
entered
disdain the not, nor
least the world whipped, and hanged good men's judgments, and mine
have much more land all the
that were not worthy
were worthy for
the one side, dread on
own also. And this matter write unto your
whipped every
not appointed our late sovereign lord. They
words my lord Canterbury used me, for
worldly words, o were comfortable and far
necessity both sides my conscience before God and the other side but have not, thank God, the world abroad, whereof shewed not your
contrarious on the one side, the Fleet on
am even driven
that deceit which my lord Canterbury thought me, would seem think so, whereb
induce others were not moved the truth, but
#.
proof credit
liar,
cannot denied, let me
ministered them
think the same,
every thing,
abhor above all faults.
your grace special faults,
gether when looked saw every day, some new thing such sort fault, ought worthily condemn the work, have favoured Erasmus's name much any other, but never studied over this book till now, and now
exclude charity justification, Scripture failing doth indeed shew me but one ancient writer that writeth so, with offer yield and give place, which offer excludeth all stubbornness, and evil opinion that might
agree with them that said Erasmus laid the be conceived wilfulness me; now
eggs, and Luther hatched them: adding further, that the monstrous opinions that have
twenty days ago since spake with my lord Canterbury, when the strongest arguments
arisen, evil men had
wondrous occasion ad that book; and therefore that book will purge
made me were counsellor again,
agree, with hope
the Fleet from whence
made request the con
trust the matter
the evil opinion might gathered me,
came, for when
trary, said had such commission from
wherein offer prove that said with any the council, and here remain without bail
learned man, pain shame and rebuke, and mainprize, without comfort any my to be taken for malicolike beast. As for the friends servants, one divided from the
book Homilies, that point where my lord world, chaplain accompany me prayer, Canterbury would have taught how faith ex barber nor taylor for bodily neccssaries,
cludeth charity the office justifying, be nor liberty use physician for relief dis
such out
and ac
which
perverse frowardness, incumbered am, and yet
counted
say do, for any zeal Whereupon me seemeth my case miserable
one that like not his estate, and therefore used
cared not what became of him: The truth withstanding
whereof be otherwise God knoweth and used humble myself learn and abide; am able make the world sufficient proof yield myself opposed Oxford, that and testimony the contrary required: might say, yielded, learning had overcome First, the book Paraphrasis, me: when that was refused, offered myself
Fo:
whereof wrote school home, which offer yield the
aond other have shew great they truth. And although have maintain me, both trust: and doubt not, the matter itself shall the plain Scriptures, the doctors plain, and the sufficiently declare, that have done well plain act parliament: yet for conformity
against that book, assuring your grace, offered my lord Canterbury, yield that since my coming prison, many days to could shew me one Scripture affirming faith
were without cause obstinate, not such circumstances have
to
of if allain a all
as or in
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501] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [592
ease, whereof I have need :, And your grace Scripture, which should rather desire do,
who I think would shew mé relief, for I will
never think want of good will in you, is percase
persuaded, by means that I'resist the truth wilfully, and that your grace may not in any
wise shew me the least comfort in the world,
for then no man shall rule me. And then your
grace that shewed so much favour to the earl of Southampton, late chancellor, wherein
then borrow the sword your grace hath the rule of, wherewith fear men, which mean
done,
reason stand alone against men, the world commended your gentieness, your undo them and myself also this world.
grace should now any ways comfort me pri were greater temptation then my lord
son with the least token gentleness, might be noted favour Winchester's factions, some term whereas take God record never joined myself with any man, nor have secretly encouraged any man my opi nion. And yet have none other opinion, but such the parliament hath established. The earl Southampton did many things whilst was chancellor touching religion, which mis liked me not, but yet did never advise him
do: nor made on him the more for when had done, was one whom reason
might have been bold, but left him his con science, therein never said much secretly
any nobleman the realin, have your grace, which time advised your grace
Canterbury made put me counsellor again. Be your grace
hope
assured, the
hand, and handled hath doue. be noted neither on the one side, nor the For that asseveration how faith excluded cha other. And your grace hath for yourself rity, can neither proved scripture, nor
good name can be. And shall say this confirmed any ancient writer, persuaded
without flattery, that like chance very nota bly hath advanced your estate many degrees,
since the time my first acquaintance with
you, have you had occasion shew your the law: Charity work the law, Ergo virtue, whereby thought worthy your we are justified without charity. The answer
any effectual argument. And one argument lord hath devised, which frameth thus:
ing which argument, which can plainly authority, shall declare that either my lord
me, would your grace did well, men mor knowing the fault the lack greater ano
estate, means whereof you more felicity than you have
such estate shall
grace your posterity. This not altogether argument, when the opinion his learning out my matter, for whatsoever become shall hindered, use willingly
suffered every man say mind without unmeet
rehearsed: Thus happened, divinity Paris, minding some learning, whereof they
imprisonment,
law. strength
the
matter were established certain doctors Canterbury hath the with utterance
cannot wish the beginning
leave God's
deceived himself take for strong
tal, and deeds revive, and me think my lord ther way. But the answer
that argument Canterbury doth not well entangle this your dissolveth the matter, whereunto have
grace with this matter religion, and bor answer made yea resby-past, which row your authority the Fleet, the Marshal will my peril shew my lord will avow sea, and the King's Bench, with prisonment for his argument. And my lord will send
his house, wherewith cause men agree me the argument his hand, will send hin that pleaseth him call truth reli the answer my hand, whereby shall shortly gion leaving that setteth forth not stab appear, whether trifle no. the latter
lished, any law the realm, but contrary end my last letter your grace spake
law the realm: At the least law not determination, whereof wished your grace
yet, and before law made. have not seen such kind imprisonment, sustain,
were author. For weariness writing did
not, open what meant specialty, intending humbly offering myself ready learn Our now begin the middle this sorrow, with late sovereign lord, whose soul God pardon, merry tale: but very true tale, and not
slander that done shall
men prisoned before law inade. And cannot believe but there more than
else should not kept secret. For
my folks resorted me, and told me there was
foundation my ground zeal the truth, although have many worldly considerations alledge for me, which serve purge me wilfulness, which assure your grace not my fault. will not trouble your grace with
could say my knowledge: whatsoever my words my lord Canterbury, which
the matter enforced me speak, am
none enmity with his person, and that am
able prove, but my lord hath the homily salvation taken such matter hand, and
handled were his extreme enemy. would have wished him have taken that piece
my lord
God's spirit, with such learning had store, requite gentleman that had bid
able overthrow with that den them dinner, using preface, that
had fed them with bodily meat, they would feed
his laws,
breath all untruths, and establish truths, would not desire the let your grace, nor the work God's truth any way hindered
him with spiritual food, proponed this question disputed amongst the u: Whether the ass that which case the realm persuaded carried our Lady and Christ when Joseph fled
besides myself this matter, shall easy with them into Egypt, when carried our only reprove me the face the world, and Lady with Christ, ber lap, carried then,
drive me the ground with the Sword Gods perfect burthen, when carried our Lady
justified faith without works
to
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If
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803] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [594
with Christ on her lap, and a flea sitting on her true indeed, were not horrible part head. Herein the doctors were in great earnest, you say, why trouble the world for
and many hot arguments were between them in thing not necessary, and put from the
the matter, with much expence of language. country, and make
Whether our Lady alone with Christ in her lap, chamber case, and were as perfect a burthen, as our Lady and versities, for whom
were checker sent the Uni meet soberly talk,
Christ with a flea upon our Lady's head; The and not for homilies wherein the people shall audience which was learned, was well cheared hear that they shall never practise, because they with laughing, but other edification the matter learn too late, being justified before their had not. And it may be laughed when infancy baptism. My lord Canterbury
soever told, see what trifles many men spend their time: and now shall say that
told me his intent, only set out the freedom God's mercy, which may done much more
plainly, with putting the people remembrance of the constant received faith of the church
which strange true. The matter
the first reading, but justification with only
faith justifieth, and whether faith charity justification, pertaineth
seech your grace know how put differ innocency received baptism absolved. ence between use and knowledge. The know And yet those children, when they were ledge justification have said learn christened did nothing but cry for cold,
ing more weight, and such for the entreat when they were over hard griped for fear
infants, which shall not be, there cannot
time which the knowledge the justification
we strive for, can practised: But men shall we already have receive their justifica tion baptism their infancy. the
doctrine only faith justifieth, were true the homily declareth more necessary
spoken wherein my lord Canter bury will needs travel, my judgement that
shall never persuade that faith excludeth charity justification, unless borrow your grace's authority prisons, and then he shall percase have some agree unto
poor men kneel Rome, when the bishop
excludeth inore
the baptism infants, justified and saved
where such
the virtue Christ's
malice fall not sin, and those must return Christ pe nance, but such die (before that actual sin, the hearers edification good living: be hath defiled their soul again) they die the
England, although knowledge grave matter, than the trifling question rehearsed pertained
passion, after baptism
the use and practise our Church
ing many have wept even here home,
falling. And when this believed, not God's mercy believed ministered after most free liberal sort. my lord Canter bury mind only that the matter shall appear without argument, we practise justification
receiving the Sacrament Baptism. And
Germany, but more necessary
England, than the handling the other question, and for any
besides those that have wept the use and practise
the state the Church
use well iufants,
the church, the one may forborn the other considering the baptism
duly observed. which Sacra baptism we justified before we
for justification only faith, use, howsoever we expound
out
the state terrible
ment
can talk this justification we strive for. And matter think on, unless the church leave the use Christian tion rise upon
conten matter not necessary
for the present state the church, than
know whether the burthen our Lady and
Christ only were perfect the burthen
our Lady and Christ with flea sitting upon Rome's guard. Finally there hath been nothing
our Lady's head, which the solemn doctors Paris earnestly entreated. —Some will say
am waxed mad prison compare these two
done, but your grace may use the aug mentation your honour. have things
more say, but this matter over-long already, and me thinks have been over-long
together: But Practise, the one And was bold
compare them for use and necessary the other.
use the merry example
here, and shewing myself have done, much
humble scholar, beaten, be
imprint the matter the better your grace's
cause do not learn where no man teacheth Inemory. For say, when we have me, and willing learn ask but one
talked, for we are justified baptism,
younglings and falling after baptism, we must
scripture, scripture failing, doth for my lord Canterbury's purpose, ask but one ancient doctor: this my case, for touch
the
deed, wading far the sisting only faith, that danger, and therefore would not trust my
that they have left nothing but faith alone, and frailty the country, when the visitors.
arise the sacrament penance, which must
confessed men, unless they such ing any act disobedience, my lords deny sacraments some have done in council did foresee, that should not fall
yet spent great deal their faith the handling rather all. And that
should be there but inade me sure here lest might have offended, had been there,
though had but few words speak, that say, saving God's laws and the king's, yet they be. they might have been misreported, and en
Now this true that have written, which gendered me more trouble; and this good WOL. ,
general fault find, that such
write that alledging
faithfully the doctors and scriptures right
matter not handle
the church now.
And
see such
there goeth by, that
the head with halbert,
that one piece the office
knocketh kneel not, for
say
the bishop
in
i. do I isit,init
2 Q.
of I
I
is to
tointo asin
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505] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. Vl. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [596.
nature, have
have of my being here, which I suffer patiently, And wrote had written from Antwerp and make it so serve for my purpose in my the state ambassador. The Italian
conceit, as I thank God I have no displeasure
companion hath his folly custom bringing
of mind, and only feel such as the body engen
dereth for want of some necessaries, whereof
if I may have relief at your grace's hand, I will
accept it as thankfully, as any man bath any gentleness hath place, when men say him benefit at your hand, and as instantly require
it of you. And yet if I have no other comfort
from your grace than I have hitherto bad, I
will think nevertheless as well of your grace as
ever I did, and be only sorry, that in the state
you be in the liberty of doing that your heart litude see the issue faith only, and whether would persuade you, should be straightly en faith may exclude charity
closed with respects, as my body is with wakes. This desiring your grace to take in good part
my bold writing to you, I shall make and pray Almighty God for the preservation of your
person. With increase of honour and felicity. At the Fleet, or rather in the Fleet. Your grace's humble beadinan. S. W.
Winchester to the Lord Protector.
tifying, not,
the making
where the Acts
may
laws passed
the office jus well resembled
AFTER my most humble commendations to
your good grace, upon trust that your grace
would take my letters in good Ipart, and not realm present but they. But we speak
effect of nature: and
another nature. And then the proverb
that offended, you must bear with the man's. nature, and trust you will with me. Two things there your grace's letter,
which trust may touch without contention. One that your grace will plain simi-,
which three present, and somewhat
together, and concur the perfecting the law, wherein we may not say that any one
estate only made the law, that any one es tate excludeth the other the office making the law. This may said, that these three estates only respect the rest the realm, make the law, and there need more the
which hath the called of learned men
this parliament, three estates,
otherwise than I wrote them.
your these three estates within themselves, there grace out of this prison, as I was wont to write none estate only, that maketh the law. — to our late sovereign lord, whose soul God But where the law hath were body and
pardon; when I was ambassador, refreshing myself some time with a merry tale in a sad matter, which his highness ever passed over without displeasure, as I trust your grace will
do the semblable. For though some account me a papist, yet I cannot play the pope wholly, as the old term was, I dare not use that severity in writing, which my cause requireth to speak of God, and his truth in every second sentence, and become suddenly a prophet to your grace, with a new phrase of speech, with whom I have been heretofore so familiarly
soul. The high house and the low house
wrote to
Fo
such not apt
majesty hath the breath his mouth, say ing, Roy veult, breathed full life into
the conclusion besides the life the assembly the other estates had his authority
assemble, which had else been dead assembly, even faith and hope dead without chari ty: and the king's majesty this similitude
nor no man shall do his duty further than I, to faith and hope without charity not effec acknowledge you as your grace is now, protec tual. And look what absurdity and untruth tor and governor of the realm. But I have this saying hath this realm say the higher been so traded to speak boldly, that I cannot house, and the lower house, exclude the king change my manner now, when percase it doth the office making laws, the same absur me no good. And although there be an Ita dity yet religion say, that faith exclud lian in prison with me, in whom I see a like eth charity the office justification. And folly, who living with a little miserably, will therefore was never written ancient writers,
And therefore desired my lord Canterbury
shew me but one; and yet cannot. our time this dream hath been dreamed without
Scripture, without authority, against Scripture,
and against authority, can shew. And
further can shew how this imagination extend
eth far them, that open their mind thoroughly, your grace would not the
were bee, which thought should first believe did express But can shew have stung man, which matter mirth, that sain not evidently clearly for my dis
declareti, the necessity the other matter, charge could wish. Another matter aptly may be, neither necessary. your grace's letter where your grace rea And when wrote forgot my fellow pri soneth with me that am over precise find soner, the Italian doth, the state am now. ing faults the Paraphrasis, seeing every
making laws excludeth not office the whole the other two estates, no more do the your grace's nature, even so adversity hath not estates, because they devise and frame laws, changed mine. Of your high place in the exclude the king's majesty the office making common-wealth, no man is more glad than I, laws, for without his authority they nothing,
conversant, as I think honour hath not altered
not for his honour take alms, fancying to be still in the state he was some time, which man
ner I condemn in him, yet I follow him thus far, rather to write after iny old manner, which cometh plainly to mind, than to take alms and aid of eloquence, whereof I have in this state need. For your grace's letters return every word of my letters in my neck, and take my
the parliament make
were the body
the
which lieth
matter,
were dead
take life till the king's
in
ifIso
as to be
I is,
be
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597] STATE TRIALs, 3 Epw. 1351–sor opposing
Reformation. [80s
men's coin preserve religion; and this your grace shall and not the find true, which knowing my letters
And then your grace know can shew gospel, but one the sun and the moon
evidently, can bright days, and bright not trifle with my
book hath some faults.
taketh not Erasmus for
whom somewhat inay
amended. After which manner sort, your wit undo myself, but travel with my honesty grace take the homilies; for like reason preserve my country, preserve my prince,
reprehended nights, when both shine
myjudgment they must, for they
positions, the Paraphrasis
very gospel itself, why should
prison, who offered receive the homilies and write unless were furnished with matter Erasmus both, far they were not without discharge my writing, your grace doubt not
kept construed the extremity, would not
fault, either God's law the king's: be
cause saw the errors before, and spake
them, have made more speed prison than
other have done, who percase for troubling
their conscience have received the books close
with such reverence, becometh men re
ceive that sent from their prince, wherein
would have done they did, had not seen the books before. But did have seen
divers noble men do. And among them remember your grace, when they have being sent service have used such diligence,
see their commission and instructions made, they went and finding something doubtful amiss, after the commission was sealed, and
instructions signed worthy amended, have
see the people fed with wholesome doctrine, raphrasis, and the homily also, both which wherein diligent look upon the matters have shewed can shew, shall commission, and considering what shall declare am not worthy kept here, and charged with do, take this that for fault yet here have remained this weeks without
my judgment, and labour have amended speaking with any man saving my physician, wherein differ from other men's diligence. who thank your grace hath done ind good
say reverently, and yet when men see am thus banished the council; My lords, me seeneth this from the world, man may speak with
am for virtue, that dare say the have charge the bishopric Winchester truth, can declare the abomination this Pa
And how can for fault
and this cannot stand together, either instruct me, not pleasant, for any man resort
me them, amend them,
crime should this humility saying condemned
what nature unto me, and that perceive my lord am worthy for Canterbury think will wax mad deceived
prison? and close prisoner speak
with man, hear from man, talk with
man, for my household which great number, wandering and lamenting for me My
his saying, shall
good will offereth say
man else uttereth but
saith true: incredible, that king should
perpetual
for wax every day better learned than other, and find every day somewhat impugn the Paraphrasis and homilies, not wit devise,
other subtilty, but plain sensible matter
may heard; and not heard my con science telleth me have done my duty, and therewith from travel shall apply myself
case should the nature praise, the
nature commendation, the nature
thanks, none other have said that can say; prayer, wherein shall remember the prosper
one only man realm saith, knoweth treason subvert the whole realm, and can
ous estate your grace whom God preserve. the Fleet, W.
Winchester the Lord Protector.
AFTER my most humble commendations your good grace, whatsoever your grace's con siderations not hear me yet, nor answer me, and howsoever determine and bear
show evident proof
prisoned because
and prove that
And there with offereth prove that
set forth book tending the subversion
his own estate, and therefore that shall say patiently the state am now in, reason never cannot touch majesty, who knoweth not theless bindeth me continue my suit, that
what done, reason judgeth his tender your grace seeth any time occasion change age; also incredible, that your grace being your determination, there shall nothing want uncle him, should content, that any book my behalf provoke your grace
should be set forth that might tend the sub that refused one time may heard version his estate. And dare say for your another, and importunity speedeth when none grace, you would not the book like the other means can prevail. Being also fault
horse that the Trojans received into their city, wherein the Trojans knew not what was
me heard that know what and
the inferior despair the superior
reasonable request mine which cannot your grace for other respects, have re
remembereth Singleton's conspiracy. And Erasmus hath framed his doctrine, though Singleton had required him thereunto. have such matter shew, though had myself devised for my justification. And vet am reasoned with, though one given good doctrine, find knot rush, trouble good enterprises; after which sort your grace
moved write unto me, and
matter utter shall confound them all;
which would not write were not assured
were small pleasure me writing thus
extremely, confounded when had been
heard, and then worthily sent hither again for
remain liere still without hearing, having such
ion
upon declaration their mind therein ob
worthy tained amendment with commendation. Now handled
lying
manifestly, which would think punishment, this unworthy
let to
if no so
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509] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [600
mained here long unheard of your grace, in
closed up more closely, now close religions be
answer that would never have thought
that he hath been otherwise informed of them
put trust, for would touch him over much grant had much knowledge
begun, than ever were any whiles they were
here, no stranger may speak with me, I cannot
have the company of my chaplain, which is the Paraphrasis, now have, and knowing
necessary for me after so long time. And if our grace hath no leisure to hear me shortly, } trust you will without delay suffer my chap
the same have advised your grace set forth the people, can say much, which expedient for your grace hear and consider, desiring only credit your grace think me worthy heard, and thereupon give me
lain to resort unto me, as well as of your gentle
ness ye have suffered the physician for my body
to come to me, for the which I most humbly audience, cannot enchant men, look not thank your grace, herein I desire your grace to believed the matter, unless
answer me by this bearer, that I may have plain,
man can gain-say and therein judge. The nature my cause your grace, present assembly
some comfort from you, for whose preservation
the book should move
I
humble beadman.
shall
Your
the
learned men should move your grace cele
pray Almighty
to God.
Winchester to the Lord Protector.
grace's S. W.
AFTER my most humble commendations to
your good grace, I am very loth, knowing your
grace's business, to trouble you with many let pose your grace these letters alter
ters, and yet not bearing from your grace any
thing for answer to mine own letters before
written, I am so bold to write these, where with
to put your grace in remembrance of mine es
tate in prison, as one dissevered from the use presence. My lord Canterbury will needs of his servants and friends, and as it were bu maintain that our late sovereign lord was se ried quick without knowledge of any just cause duced, and then possible that your grace
brate mine audience: and your grace knew what could say the long letters your grace sent, good faith, your grace would make
much the more speed. For whereas the pur
my judgment, the handling the matters
such, am able shew good cause why they should they do, work contrary effect,
am able declare, ever come your
wherefore, and with knowledge, by course of may seduced also, and therefore
good time; true,
tIime that now the parliament is begun, whereof for your grace hear and
bear your grace
member, my off,
am a unless fault had cut me whatsoever have written
and whereunto I was called by writ, which I
received before iny coming hither, where I
would also gladly do my duty, as I am bounden
if I were not detained and bounden in prison
from my liberty, that I might so do, which al plain, shall not boot me alledge thus legation I make the rather to your grace, to much, am learned your grace's letters, and the intent with the opening of a necessary suit therefore had any cause
si your grace, whereupon comfort, my ion to to shew such letters see some but
worthy to be regarded, I might minister occa would use another mean whereof
mistrust
your grace's
entleness to me, as of your own gentle heart, plain and expedient
your grace
must needs desire heard
wherein may like you send me know ledge your pleasure, and that my suit your
persuaded your grace gladly would,
am for
whose prescrvation with increase of honour I shall pray to Almighty God, who have your
grace in his tuition. Your grace's humble grace may stand some stead, for whose pre
bead-man, - S. W.
Winchester to the Lord Protector.
AFTER my most humble commendations to
your good grace. I cannot discuss by con jecture, why evidence is thus put my
case, that hath been wont commonly
any presence with such should appoint fain not, and have cause fear, the effect
were there, the signification' whereof the will shew fain not indeed. chief cause these letters, far am now may not desperately forbear
encumbered with being here, might some grace, and think that because
encumbered there with hereafter, which should answer mine other letters, among which
me pleasure My matter that have say made mention this necessity, that should toucheth the highest, and worthy heard, likewise have none answer this. As have
whereunto my lord Canterbury can only determined myself truth the chief mat
granted men:
through policy,
ment, were good
mine absence from the upper house, with the
absence those have used name the
nether house, will not engender more cause
objection, opportunity serve hereafter, than Warden the Fleet, and my servants know that
should any man keep me from the parlia
quired: whereunto because have used all other means
remembered, whether
had answer, relief, that could avoid that need, one loth trouble your grace with requests not necessary, Master
the specialties know the greatest matters, which your grace
and have not written
shall perceive true, see evidently, that unless my matter very notable, and also
servation honour shall daily pray Al mighty God, who preserve your grace. the
Fleet. Your grace's humble bead-man. W. Winchester the Lord Protector. . . . ”
AFTER my most humble commendations your good grace. my third letters signified
unto your grace my need physician, the state
the counsel my body then re
matter understood, that
this case write your have had
of is
to if be it
of to
to as d. he I totoit inbehe
into I
Itoto In
to to in
it,
of ne
do
of :
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of
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as
so I to
be of
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be toisin
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be of be IIto
it,I
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to no I I
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to
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it,
In to
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in
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by be
of tobe to to aof
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so
601] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1531–for opposing Reformation, [602
ters, eschew use simulation by-matters: handled contrary the teaching the par my mind thank God was never quiet, liament. —Finally the books the matter
hath been since my coming hither, which hath relieved my body much, but the body hath need other relief, which cannot had am
kept commandment. These weeks sav ing one day have been here under such strait keeping, have spoken with man. And thus me seemeth see my matter perplexed, your grace will meddle with nothing done be
have show some part dangerous, af ter knew know the concealment thereof were great fault, did not utter
As for the manner mine enterprise utter
know not how have fashioned better,
fore your coming home. And those council that hath sent me hither, can selves nothing, now your grace
came
imprisonment, humbly departed
the them come home; upon which consideration sue none them, and perceive that your grace whom
wards me. And have learned
law that the deed number,
act with this also, the authority
the civil one man's ho
sue, for some respect forbeareth make me answer, for such Paraphrasis make your
grace's silence, wherein near think the truth, than Erasmus his Paraphrasis some time, wherein taketh upon him guess the causes Christ's doings, thank God my mind can take hurt, how vehement soever these
temptations be. But when certain sect hilosophers called stoicks, contemned their earning stoutly the grief and disease the
body, they were fain little shrink, when the gout any disease nipped them, and now
my stomach nippeth me, which have favoured much any man England, and have
laden light either with meat drink many years,and specially since my coming hither
any other. And after saw could get answer from your grace for physician, have left such study used, and given myself
continual walking for exercise, and with hope
relief, have delayed any further suit that jesty justly and rightfully and
matter till now. And now sue enforced, God ought supreme head which do most humbly with request, that im Church England, and also
the laws earth the
Ireland, and
the clergy this realm
tion, and act parliament justly and ac cording the laws God recognised. ”
less were charged with other offence than
am yet charged with, my conscience can granteth. -
be. For me secuneth have deserved thanks Art. Item, That his majesty, supreme
your grace, and the realm, for the disclosing
prisonment, being me, that was never prison before, itself too tedious, not with special commandment made more grievous, un
their convoca
the faults the Paraphrasis, wherein have
written some specialties, but not all; and have
such shew may term that book one
word, abomination, both for the malice and
untruth much matter out Erasmus pen
and also the arrogant ignorancy the transla
tor into English considering the book should firmatively.
authorised king, and the injunctions Art. Item, That and every his grace's charge the realm for buying rather above subjects are bound the law God obey 20,000l. than under, whereof have made ac his majesty's said laws, injunctions, and pro count estimate the number buyers, and ceedings concerning religion and orders the the price the whole books: the translator said Church.
sheweth himself ignorant, both Latin and To the third Article the said Bishop English, nan far unmeet meddle with such answereth affirmatively and grantcth
matter, and not without malice his part, Art. Item, That you Steven Bishop
whereby your grace may take argument, Winchester have sworn obedience unto his ma
what moved them that counseled your graee jesty supreme head this Church Eng authorise such book the realm. As for land, and also of Ireland.
my lord Canterbury's homily salvation
hath many faults, have been weeks
prison, which besides the general that the
matter maketh trouble without necessity, and subjects, that disobey any majesty's said
the council your absence, declare some part
than
and
when
mination
from them hither without grudge, and remain here without grudge any one them, for they shewed fashion any evil mind to
write
my knees
them receiving their deter
noured, which rule observe thought word
and deed. After which sort remain with
such suits have made your grace hitherto,
and with this also that add, enforced for the
relief my body, how little soever do, and
have cause set which most humbly desire your grace consider, and send me
some answer this bearer; and shall pray Almighty God for the preservation your grace's felicity. Your grace's humble bead man. W.
Articles and Positions ministered and objected, each them jointly and severally, the Bishop
inchester, and contained Letter from the Lord Protector the said Bishop fol loweth.
Article “Imprimis, That the king's ma
Winchester.