No More Learning

7)
is true or not cannot be ascertained ; but when he calls him Q. Caedicius; Claudius Quadrigarius (ib. )
had properly reinforced himself, he carried on a Laberius or Valerius ; but Frontinus (Stratag. iv.
successful war in Spain : he besieged and took the 5. ) mys most named him Calpurnius Flamma. (Liv.
wealthy and fortified town of Litabrum, and made | Epit. xvii, xxii. 60; Plin. H. N. xxii. 6; Oros.
Corribilo, a Spanish chief, his prisoner. In B. c. iv. 8 ; Florus, ii. 2; Aur. Vict. de Vir. III. xxxix. ;
185 he obtained the consulship, together with M. Senec. Epist. 82. )
(W. B. D. )
Aemilius Lepidus, in opposition to whom be de FLAMMA, T. FLAMI'NIUS, a debtor of
fended, at the beginning of the year, M. Fulvius; L. Tullius Montanus, who had become surety for
for the senate assigned the Ligurians as the pro- him to L. Munatius Plancus. The brother-in-law
vince of the two consuls, and Lepidus, dissatisfied, of Montanus bad written to Cicero to beg Plancus
wanted to have the province, of which M. Fulvius to grant indulgence or delay (ad Att. xii. 52), and
had had the administration for the last two years. Cicero frequently requests Atticus (xii. 52 ; xiv.
At last, however, C. Flaminius and Aemilius Lepi. 16, 17; xv. 2) to bring Flamma to a settlement.
dus marched into their province against the Ligu- Writing to his freedman Tiro, Cicero hints at
rians, and Flaminius, after having gained several stronger measures, and desires him to get part of
battles against the Triniates, a Ligurian tribe, re- the debt by the first day of January, B. C. 44.
duced them to submission, and deprived them of Flamma may have been a freedman of the Fla-
their arms. Hereupon he proceeded against the minia gens.
(W. B. D. ]
Apuani, another Ligurian tribe, who bad invaded FLAMMA, L. VOLU'MNIUS, with the ag-
the territories of Pisa and Bononia. They also nomen VIOLENS, was consul with App. Claudius
were subdued, and peace was thus restored in the Caecus for the first time B. C. 307. He was sent
north of Italy. But to prevent his troops from re- with a consular army against the Sallentines, an
maining idle in their camp, he made them construct Apulian or Japygian people, who dwelt in the heel
a road from Bononia to Arretium, while his col- of Italy, and whom the progress of the Samnite
league made another from Placentia to Ariminum, war had now drawn within the enmity of Rome.
to join the Flaminian road. Strabo (v. p. 217), | According to Livy (ix. 42), Flamma was pros-
who confounds C. Flaminius, the father, with his perous in the field, took several towns by storm,
son, states that the latter made the Flaminian road and made himself very popular with the soldiers
from Rome to Ariminum, and Lepidus from thence by his liberal distribution of the booty. These suc-
to Bononia and Aquileia. But it is highly impro- cesses are, however, very problematical ; since the
bable that the road was continued to Aquileia, be- name of Flamma does not appear in the Fasti
fore this place became a Latin colony, i. e. before Triumphales, and one of the annalists, Piso, omitted
B. c. 181, on which occasion C. Flaminius was one this consulship altogether (Liv. ix. 44). But there
of the triumvirs who conducted the colony thither. is no reason to doubt that Flamma was consul with
(Liv. xxvi. 47, 49, xxxiii. 42, xxxiv. 5t, &c. , App. Claudius in B. c. 296. It was the most
xxxv. 2, 22, xxxviii. 42, &c. , xxxix. 2, 55, xl. 34; critical period of the second Samnite war. Flamnia
Oros. iv. 20; Zonar. ix. 21 ; Val. Max. vi. 6. $ 3. ) was at first stationed on the frontiers of Sampium,
3. C. FLAMINIUS, was praetor in B. c. 66, thé but on the appearance of a Samnite army in the
year in which Cicero was invested with the same heart of Etruria, he was ordered to the relief of his
office. Some years before C. Flaminius had been colleague. Claudius at first resented, but on the
curule aedile, and Cicero had defended D. Matri- representation of his principal officers, finally ac-
nius before the tribunal of C. Flaminius. (Cic. cepted the aid of Flamma. There was, howerer,
pro Cluent. 45, 53. )
no harmony between them; and as soon as their
4. C. FLAMINIUS, a man of Arretium, whither joint armies had repelled the enemy, Flamma re-
he had probably gone with the colonists whom turned by forced marches into Campania. The
Sulla had established there. He is mentioned as Samnites had plundered the Falernian plain, and
one of the accomplices of Catiline. (Sallust, Cat. were returning with their spoils and captives, when
28 and 36, where in one MS. he bears the cogno- Flamma intercepted them on the banks of the
men Flamma. )
[L. S. ] Liris, and rendered their expedition fruitless. For
FLAMMA, prefect of the Caesarian fleet in the relief thus afforded to Rome a thanksgiving
C. Curio's expedition to Africa, B. C. 47. On the was ordered in the name of the consul. Flamma
news of the defeat on the Bagrada (Caes. B. C. ii. presided at the next consular comitia, and at his re-
42), Flamma fied from the camp at Utica with his commendation the people chose Q. Fabius Maximus
division of the fleet without attempting to aid the Rullianus consul for the ensuing year. Flamma re-
fugitives from Curio's army. (Appian, B. C. ii. tained his own command as proconsul for the same
16. )
(W. B. D ] period, the senate and the people both concurring in


## p. 169 (#185) ############################################

FLAVIANUS.
169
FLAVIANUS.
GLE
Caree
B. D. ]
Tith 3
003 Teit
ved and
G. 71)
kurias (6)
1. 6 ; Oros
II. IIII. ;
C. B. D. ]
debter
= surety for
other-in-lav
bez Plexa
XL, 32), and
7. 59;
SIO.
3 settlement
em hists &
P At pard
T, ACH
of the
V. B. D. ]
with the
Epp. Claudias
his re-appointment. Flamma, with the second and nonian legions on their march into Italy; and
fourth legions, invaded Samnium ; but there is during the siege or blockade of Verona, a false
great likelihood in Niebuhr's conjecture (Hist. of alarm having caused the smothered suspicions of
Rome, vol. iž. p. 379), that he was again called the soldiery to break out, a tumultuous body of
into Etruria, where the brunt of the war was, them demanded his death. His abject entreaties
and that he took part in the battle of Sentinum, for life they interpreted as the mark of conscious
Bc. 295.
He married Virginia, daughter of treachery; but he was rescued by the intervention
A. Virginius, who consecrated a chapel and altar of Antonius Primus, the most influential general of
to Plebeian Chastity. (VIRGINIA. ) (Liv. x. 15, the troops of Vespasian, and was sent off in cus-
&c. )
(W. B. D. ] tody the same evening to meet Vespasian, but be-
FLAVIA CONSTA'NTIA. [CONSTANTIA. ] fore he reached him received letters from him re-
FLAVIA CONSTANTI'NA. [CONSTAN- lieving him from all danger of punishment. (Tac.
TINA. )
Hist. ii. 86, iji. 4, 10. )
FLA'VIA GENS, plebeian. Members of it are 2. FLAVIANUS, one of the praefects of the pre-
mentioned in Roman history only during the last torium under Alexander Severus. He was ap-
three centuries before the Christian era. It seems to pointed to the office on the accession of Alexander,
have been of Sabine origin, and may have been con- in conjunction with Chrestus (a. D. 222). They
nected with the Flavii that occur at Reate in the first were both men of military and administrative abi-
century after Christ, and to whom the emperor Ves lity; but the appointment of Ulpian nominally as
pasian belonged. But the name Flavius occurs also their colleague, but really as their superior, having
in other countries of Italy, as Etruria and Lucania led to conspiracies on the part of the praetorian
During the later period of the Roman empire, the soldiers against Ulpian, Flavian and Chrestus were
name Flavius descended from one emperor to an- deposed and executed, and Ulpian made sole prae-
other, Constantius, the father of Constantine the fect. The year of their death is not ascertained,
Great, being the first in the series.
The cognomens but it was not long before that of Ulpian himself,
that occur in the Flavia gens during the repub which took place at latest A. D. 228. (Dion Cass.
lic are FIMBRIA, GALLUS, LUCANUS, and Pu- lxxx. 2; Zosim. i. 11; Zonar. xii. 15. )
[L. S. ) 3. ULPIUS FLAVIANUS, consular of the provinces
of Aemilia and Liguria, in Italy, under Constan-
tine the Great, A. D. 323. (Cod. Theodos. 11. tit.
16. 8. 2; Gothofred. Prosop. Cod. Theod. )
4. Proconsul of Africa, apparently under Con-
stantius, son of Constantine the Great, A. D. 357-
61. It is probable that this is the proconsul
ROMA
Flavian, to whom some of the rhetorical exercises
of the sophist Himerius are addressed ; though
Fabricius supposes the Flavian of Himerius to be
FLAVIA DOMITILLA. [DOMITILLA. ] No. 7. (Cod. Theod. 8. tit. 5. s. 10, 11. tit. 36.
FLA'VIA TITIA'NA. [TITIANA. )
8. 14, 15. tit. 1. s. 1; Gothofred. Prosop. Cod.
FLAVIA'NUS. This name, of comparatively Theod. ; Himerius, ap. Phot. Bibl. Cod. 165, 243,
rare occurrence in the early imperial period, be- pp. 108, 376, ed. Bekker ; Fabric. Bibl. Gracc.
came more common in the later period of the em- vol. vi. p. 57. )
pire, after the accession to the throne of the Flavian 5. Vicarius of Africa, under Gratian, A. D. 377.
house in the person of Constantius Chlorus, father He was one of those commissioned to inquire into
of Constantine the Great, and the assumption of the malpractices of Count Romanus and his con-
the name Flavius by the successive dynasties that federates ; and Ammianus Marcellinus records the
occupied the Byzantine throne. A considerable num- uprightness of his conduct in the business. It is
ber of officers of high rank during and between the probable that he is the Flavian mentioned by Au-
reigns of Constantine the Great and Valentinian gustin as an adherent of the sect of the Donatists,
III. are enumerated in the Prosopographia sub- by whom, however, he was excommunicated, be-
joined to the edition of the Codex Theodosianus by cause, in the discharge of his office, he had punished
Gothofredus (vol. vi. part ii. pp. 54, 55, ed. Leipzig, some criminals capitally. An inscription, belong-
1736-45). The following persons of the name re ing to a statue at Rome,“ Virius Nicomachus,
quire distinct notice :-
Consularis Siciliae, Vicarius Africae, Quaestor intra
1. T. Ampius FLAVIANUS, consular legate or Palatium ; Praef. Praetor iterum et Cos. ,” is by
governor of Pannonia during the civil wars which Gothofredus referred to this Flavian, but we rather
followed the death of Galba, a. D. 69, at which refer it to No. 6. Gothofredus also regards this
time he was old and wealthy, and reluctant to take Flavian as the person mentioned by Aimerius ;
part in the contest; and when the legions of his but the mention of his administration of Africa
province (the Thirteenth and the Seventh or Gal- equally well suits No. 4, to whom the title dvbúna-
bian legions) embraced the party of Vespasian, he Tos determines the reference. (Amm. Marc. xxviii.
filed into Italy. He returned, however, into 6 ; Augustin. ad Emeritum, Epist. 164 (or 87, ed.
Pannonia, and joined the party of Vespasian at Paris, 1836); Cod. Theod. 16. tit. 6. s. 2; Gotho-
the instigation of Cornelius Fuscus, procurator of fred. Prosop. Cod. Theod. )
the province, who was anxious to obtain for the 6. Praetorian praefect of Italy and Illyricum A. D.
insurgents the influence which the rank of Flavia-382-3. He was the intimate friend of Q. Aurelius
nus would give. His previous reluctance and a Symmachus, many of whose letters (nearly the
connection by marriage with Vitellius had however whole of the second book) are addressed to him.
rendered the soldiers mistrustful, and they suspected Symmachus continually addresses him as his “bro-
that his return to the province had some treacherous ther Flavian,” which moderns (we know not for
nbject. He appears to have accompanied the Pan- what reason) understand as expressive of close in-
COIN OF PLAVIA GENS.
He was ko
allentine, a
It in the help
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mnian plain and
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, when
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noth concureya


## p. 170 (#186) ############################################

170
FLAVIANUS.
FLAVIANUS.
two.
timacy, but not of actual relationship. Gothofredus cular tribunals. The names of the general judges
appears to distinguish between this Flavian and 80 appointed by Justinian in A. D. 539 are Anato
one who was praetorian praefect in 391 and 392 ; lius, Flavianus, Alexander, Stephanus, Menas, a
but we concur with Tillemont in identifying the second Alexander, Victor, and Theodorus, of Cyzi-
Tillemont also (and we think justly) refers cum. At the same time the following persons were
to this Flavian the inscription given above (No. 5), appointed superior judges, with high rank : Plato,
in which his second praefecture and consulship are Victor (different from the former Victor), Phocas,
recorded. He was, like Symmachus, a zealous and Marcellus. To these the administration of
pagan, and a supporter of the usurper Eugenius, justice at Constantinople was confided, in subordi-
from whom he and Arbogastes the Frank solicited nation to the emperor's ministers of state (áp xortes).
and obtained the restoration of the Altar of Victory Their powers, duties, and emoluments, are pre-
at Milan. It is probable that he was the person scribed by the 82nd Novell. (J. T. G. )
mentioned by Paullinus of Milan, as having threat- FLAVIA'NUS, ecclesiastics. ]. Of ANTIUCH,
ened that, if they were successful in the war with was born, probably, in that city, and in the earlier
Theodosius, they would turn the church of Milan part of the fourth century. His parents died when he
into a stable. The text of Paullinus has, in the was young ; but he resisted the temptations arising
notice of this incident, the name Fabianus, which from rank, wealth, and early freedom from parental
is probably a corruption of Flavianus. He was emi- control, and devoted himself to study and ascetic
nent for his political sagacity, and his skill in the exercises, not carrying the latter, however, to such
pagan methods of divination, in the exercise of excess as to injure his constitution. He was re-
which he assured Eugenius of victory ; and when markable for the early sedateness of his character,
Theodosius had falsitied his predictions, by forcing so that Chrysostom doubts if he could ever be said
the passes of the Alps, he, according to Rufinus, to have been a young man. On the deposition of
“ judged himself worthy of death. ” rather for his Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, A. D. 3:29 or 330,
mistake as a sooth sayer than his crime as a rebel. or perhaps 331, by the Arian party (EUSTATHIUS,
Eugenius had appointed him consul (A. D. 394), No. 1), Flavian is said to have followed him into
though his name does not appear in the Fasti; and exile. But this is somewhat doubtful, from the
Tillemont infers from the passage in Rufinus that silence of Chrysostom, and from the fact that,
he commanded the troops defeated by Theodosius though the bishops who succeeded Eustathius were
in the Alps, and that he chose to die on the field of Arian or Eusebian sentiments, Flavian did not
rather than survive his defeats ; but this inference secede from the communion of the church, as the
is scarcely authorized. It is more likely that, as more zealous supporters of Eustathius did. Yet
Gothofredus gathers from the letters of Symma- Flavian was a strenuous supporter of orthodoxy,
chus, he survived the war, and that his life was and his opposition, with that of his coadjutor Dio-
spared, though he was deprived of his praefecture dorus, though they were both yet laymen, com-
and his property. It is difficult, however, to dis pelled the bishop Leontius to prohibit Aëtius, who
tinguish from each other the Flaviani mentioned by was preaching his heterodox doctrines at Antioch,
Symmachus, whose letters are very obscure ; and under the bishop's protection (AETILS), from the
possibly this Flavian has been confounded with No. 7. exercise of the functions of the deaconship to which
(Symmach. Epist. passim; Sozom. Hist. Ecc. vil. 22; he had just been raised. The date of this transac-
Rufin. Hist. Ecc. ii. 33; Paullin. Mediol, Vita tion is not fixed; but the episcopate of Leontius
Ambros. c. 26, 31, in Galland. Bibl. Patr. vol. ix. ; commenced in A. D. 348, and lasted about ten
Cod. Theod. 1. tit. 1. s. 2 ; 3. tit. 1. 6. 6 ; 7. tit. years. Whether Flavian and Diodorus were at
18. s. 8; 9. tit. 28. 8. 2 ; and tit.