Art thou Heywood, that
appliest
mirth more than thrift?
Dodsley - Select Collection of Old Plays - v1
”
Again, Douglas's Virgil,
“The seik ground deny
“My fader exhortis
“To Delos, and Apollois ansuere spere,
“Be seiking him succours lere
Again,
“Aneuthir mache him was socht and sperit. ”
140.
iii.
72.
frute and fudis, turn againe our studis
B. v. p.
of of
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toof B. a us of
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se
* i. e.
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ut in of
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ACT W II, God's PROMISEs. 41
BALEUs Prlocutor.
The matters are soch that we have uttered here As ought not to slyde from your memoryall.
For they have opened soch confortable gere, As is to the helthe of this kynde universall,
Graces of the lorde and promyses lyberall,
Whych he hath geven to man for every age,
To knytt hym to Christ, and so clere hym of bondage.
As saynt Paule doth write unto the Corinthes playne,
Our fore fathers were undre the cloud of darkenes,
And unto Christe's dayes ded in the shaddowe remayne :
Yet were they not left, for of hym they had promes,
All they receyved one spirytuall fedynge doubtles.
They dronke of the rocke whych them to lyfe refreshed,
For one savynge helthe, in Christ, they confessed.
the woman's sede was Adam first justyfyed, was faythfull Noah; was just Abraham,
The faythe that sede Moses fourth multyplyed, Lykewyse David and Esaye, that after cam.
And Johan Baptyst, whych shewed the very lam. Though they seafarre, yet they had one justyce,
One Masse (as they call and Christ one sacry
fyce.
-
man can not here God better servyce,
Than thys grounde hys faythe and understand
nge.
For the worlde's synne alone Christ payed the
pryce,
hys onlye deathe was mannys lyfe alwayes restynge,
And not wyll workes, nor yet mennys deservynge, The lyght our faythe make thys thynge evydent, And not the practyse other experiment.
Where now fre wyll, whom the hypocrytes com ment
Whereby they report they maye their owne pleasure
-
at
do
in
:
is
of in
in in
of
in
to
in so all
In
A
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all
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all
42 GoD's PROMISEs. ACT WII.
Do good of themselves, though grace and fayth be absent,
And have good intentes their madnesse with to measure.
The wyll of the fleshe is proved here small treasure, And so is mannys will, for the grace of God doth all. More of thys matter conclude hereafter we shall.
Thus endeth thys Tragedy or enterlude, manyfest
ynge the chefe promyses of God unto Man by ages the olde lawe, from the fall Adam, the incar
nacyon the lorde Jesus Christ. Compyled Johan Bayle, Anno Domini 1538.
EDITION.
Tragedy enterlude manyfestyng the chefe pro myses God unto man ages the olde lawe, from the fall Adam the incarnacyon the lorde Jesus Christ. Compyled Johan Bale, Anno
Domini MDXxxv. 111. the worde (which now
called the eternall sonne God) was lyfe from the
begynnynge, and that life was the lyght men. Thys
lyght yet shyneth comprehendeth
The greater part
the darknesse, but the darknesse not. —Joan I*.
this quotatiou torn the only copy
well the date and printer's
known with certainty
exist, name, any were ever appended.
* if
A of
in of
C. is as
In to
by all
of
of
off in
in of
to
it
of
or
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as of by
to
is
all
of
by
THE FOUR P's.
John HeywooD, or Heewood, one of the most ancient
dramatic writers in the English language, was born in city London", and educated the University
Oxford, the ancient Hostle called Broadgate's,
after left Oxford, and became intimately acquainted
with Sir Thomas More, who lived the neighbour hood+. Here the latter wrote his celebrated work
Aldgate's parish.
He was his time more celebrated for his wit than his learning; and having Some fair possessions North Mims, resided there
called Utopia, and supposed Heywoods the composition
*Wood, his Athenae Oxonienses, vol.
have assisted his Epigrams
149, positively fixes
birth this place. Other writers have made him native North Mims Hertfordshire, but apparently without any autho
ity. Bale, who lived nearest the author's time, calls him Civis Londinensis which words, though they not absolutely
London, yet surely are sufficient warrant any one conclude that
was native that city,
belief that acquired the title Citizen London otherwise
prove that was born matter this uncertainty
-
Peacham's Compleat English Gentleman, 4to. 1627,
Gabriel Harvey’s MS. Note Speyght's Chaucer, Mr. Steevens's Shakspeare, vol.
than birth.
speaks
Bastard, his Chrestoleros, seven bookes Epigrams, Heywood and his reputation this department:
“Ifwitt may make poet, gesse, Heywood with auncient poets may compare.
But thou, word and deed, hast made him lesse his own witt, having yet learning spare.
The goate doth hunt the grasse, the wolfe the goat; The lyon hunts the wolfe proof we see
Heywood sang others downe, but thy sweete note,
WOL. I.
Davis, hath sang him downe, and
Then be not mov’d, nor count such To will thee what thou hast done
would thee. sinn,
him. ”
circumstance appears induce
1598, has the following, addressed Ad Johannem Davis, which
95. quoted
in
in
heof he in
in in
; in
it ina
by I
in
ofdo he
:
In
T. bya
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of at
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his
in of the St.
in
as p.
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of to
1. p.
of
to in
in in
in
he aheaof$.
Sir Notes
B. 88 his Translation
Wilson,
This would he write, else Harrington quotes one
46
Through Sir Thomas More's means, it is probable our author was introduced to the knowledge of King Henry the Eighth, and of his daughter the Princess, afterwards Queen Mary; by the former of whom, he was held in much esteem for the mirth and quickness of his conceits; and so much" valued by the latter, that he was often, after she came to the throne, admitted to the honour of waiting upon and exercising his fancy before her, even to the time she lay lan guishing on her death bed. His education having been in the Roman Catholic faith, he continued steadily attached to the tenets of that religion; and during the reign f of Edward the Sixth, fell under the suspicion of practising against the government, and
narrowly escaped the halter. After the death of patroness the queen, left the nation, says Woods, for religion's sake, and settled Mechlin Brabant,
where died about the year 15655, leaving several
The subsequent Ad Lectorem the same effect; “Reader, Heywood lived now againe,
Whom time life, hath not praise bereaved; would write, could express his vaine
am deceived. ”.
Heywood's Epigrams the Orlando Furioso; and Thomas his Rhetorique, 1553, speaks Heywood's Proverbs, adding, that his “paynes that behalfe are worthye immortall “prayse. ” Barnaby Googe's Husbandry, “our English Martiall,
“John Heywood,” quoted regarding Essex cheese. would
be goal add several other authors who quote applaud lillo
Athen. Oxon. vol. 149.
“But step backe my teske (though everie place step
“to, yeeldes me sweeter discourse) what thinke you Haywood “that scaped hanging with his mirth; the King being graciously
and (as thinke) truly perswaded, that man that wrate
“pleasant and harmelesse verses, could not have any harmfull con
“ceit against his proceedings, and the honest motion
“gentleman his chamber saved him from the jerke the six “string'd whip. ”
Harington's Metamorphoses Ajax, 1596,
Athen. Oxon. vol. 149.
The subsequent anecdote given Puttenham, his Arte
English Poesie, 1589,
230.
25.
“
§# f*
i.
p.
1.
is 1.
of if
is
is to
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47
children; one of whom, Jasper Heywood, translated
three of Seneca's Plays, and wrote several Poems,
printed in the Paradise of Dainty Devises, 4to. 1578. This Jasper Heywood was, according to Fuller, exe
cuted in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; but more pro
bably, as Sir Richard Baker asserts, was among those who were taken in 1585, and sent out of England *.
John Heywood + appears to be the second English
“The like hapned on a time at the Duke of Northumberland’s
“bourd, where merry John Heywood was allowed to sit at the
“table's end. The Duke had a very honourable and noble mynd
“alwayes to pay his debts well, and when he lacked money would
“not stick to sell the greatest part of his plate : so had he done a
“few days before. Heywood being loth to call for his drinke so
“oft as he was dry, turned his eye toward the cupboard and said,
“‘I finde great misse of your Grace's standing cups. ” The Duke “thinking he had spoken it of some knowledge that his plate
“was lately sold, said somewhat sharply, “Why, sir, will not “‘those cuppes serve as good a man as yourself? ' Heywood “readily replied, ‘Yes, if it please your Grace ; but I would have “‘one of them stand still at mine elbow, full of drinke, that I might “‘not be driven to trouble your men so often to call for it. ’ This “pleasant and speedy revers of the former wordes, holpe all the “matter againe, whereupon the Duke became very pleasaunt, and “dranke a bolle of wine to Heywood, and bid a cup should be “alwayes standing by him. ”
This story, in itself of very little worth, serves to shew the sort of terms Heywood was upon with the nobility of his time. C.
* The editor of the last edition of the Biographical Dictionary asserts, but without citing his particular authority for the fact,
that “ after many peregrinations, he died at Naples, January the 9th, 1598. ” C.
# Dr. Palsgrave, whose Play of Acolastus was printed in the year 1529, seems to have been the first. See Ames, 166.
Here is a mistake, which has likewise been fallen into in a note
on Cymbeline, edit. 1778, vol. 9, p. 317. Acolastus was not printed so early as 1529. The original Latin was, I think, produced in that year. Not having the play by me, I cannot exactly account for the misinformation given in that note ; but, if my memory is to be trusted, the original Latin is in verse, the translation in prose; and the title runs thus: Comedia Acolustus dicta, cum ecphrasi Anglica, per Johannem Palsgravium. Lond. per Thomam Bertheletum,
4to. 1540. S.
Ames, whose authority is quoted to prove the existence of the early edition of Acolastus, mentions both that and the later one, as though he had seen each. How far his accuracy is to be relied on, must be left to the reader's judgment.
48
dramatic writer. Oldys” says, he began to write about the year 1530, but that he could not find he published any thing so early.
The following is a List of his Works :
“A Play betwene Johan the Husband, Tyb the “Wife, and Sir Johan the Priest, by John Heywood,
“4to. Imprynted at London, by Willliam Rastall, “ the 12th Day of February, 1533. ” (Oldys's MS. Notes, and Companion to the Play-house).
“A Mery Play betwene the Pardoner and the “Frere, the Curate, and neybour Pratte, 4to. Im
“prynted by Will" Rastell, 5th of April, 1533. ” Ames, 182. (Oldys's MS. Notes, and Companion to the Playhouse).
“The Playe called the Foure P. P. A newe and a “very mery Enterlude of A Palmer, A Pardoner, A
“Potycary, A Pedler. Made by John Heewood, 4to, “Imprynted at London in fletestreete, at the Sign of “the George, by Wyllyam Myddylton. 4to. no date. ” Also, w
“A Play of Genteelness and Nobilitie. An Inter “lude in two Parts, 4to, no date. ” (Companion to the Playhouse).
“A Play of Love. An Interlude, 4to, 1533. ” (Com panion to the Playhouse).
“A Play of the Weather, called A new and a very “ merry Interlude of manner Weathers, 1553,”
(Companion the Playhouse. Oldys's Ms. ).
Also 12mo, printed Robert Wyer, (Ames, 157) -
“The Spider and the Flie, Parable made “Heywood+. Imprinted Tho. Powell, 1556,”
4to.
date. John
Langbaine.
This parable, apologue allegory, (for one and
MS. Notes
three) not perhaps “dull, tedious, and trifling,” Warton contends;
and without much “fancy,” has both meaning and moral. “the conclusion,” Heywood informs that began the work
twenty years before was finished, and that did nothing
during interval nineteen years. He adds, that was com menced “with the first, and ended with the last,” his poor
of it
“
all
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by
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to it
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or
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49
“John Heywood's Woorkes. A Dialogue conteyn “ing the Number of the effectual Proverbes in the “English Tongue, compacte in a matter concerning
“two Maner of Mariages: with one Hundreth of Epi “grammes; and three Hundreth of Epigrammes up
“pon three Hundred Proverbes, and a fifth hundred of “Epigrammes. Whereunto are newly added, a sixte “hundred of Epigrammes, by the said John Heywoode. “Imprinted by Tho. Marshe, 1576,” 4to. B. L.
Another Edition was printed by Felix Kyngston, in 4to. B. L. 1598.
“A Brefe Balet, touching the trayterous takynge of
“Scarborow Castle. Imprinted at London by Thomas “Powel. ” On a broad side of two columns, B. L. (Among the folio volumes of Dyson's Collections, in the Library of the Society of Antiquarians). Tho.
Stafford, who took that Castle 23 April, 1557, and proclaimed himself Protector of the realm, was be headed 28 May following, and three of his accomplices were hanged. Oldys's Ms.
“A Balade of the meeting and marriage of the King “ and Queenes Highness. Imprinted by W. Ryddel. ”
One side of a large half sheet. Oldys. f
Winstanly f hath expressed a doubt, whether the
author of the epigrams and of the plays were not differ ent persons. The following epigram will be sufficient
to set that fact beyond contradiction, and at the same
time exhibit a specimen of the author's manner:—
works. The maid who sweeps down the spider, he explains to mean Queen Mary, in “sense allegoricali,” whom he calls “a mer ciful maiden;” perhaps in “sense allegorical” also. C.
* Thos. Wilson, in his Rhetorique, published in 1558, speaks of Heywood's Proverbs as then in print. They were also repub lished in 1561; and the title-page professes that the work has
been “newly oversene, and somewhat augmented, by the sayde
John Heywood. ” The only copy I have met with is imperfect at
the end, and the title-page does not state who was the printer of “John Heywoodes Woorkes” were printed collectively Henry
Wykes 1566: they consist Proverbs and Epigrams.
vol. the late edition the Royal and Noble Authors,
M. Park, poem praise Queen Mary MS. the British Museum. C.
Lives English Poets, 45. VOL's Is
printed, copied from E.
*
In
a of
in
in
of p.
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is
f
it.
I. of
by a by
50
Art thou Heywood, with thy mad merry wit? Yea, forsooth, master, that name is even hit.
Art thou Heywood, that appliest mirth more than thrift? Yes, sir, I take merry mirth a golden gift.
Art thou Heywood, that hast made many mad plays? Yea, many plays, few good works in my days.
Art thou Heywood, that hath made men merry long? Yea, and will, if I be made merry among.
Art thou Heywood, that wouldst be made merry now? Yes, sir, help me to it now, I beseech you. Winstanly and Philips ascribe to him, I think,
falsely, the Pinner of Wakefield* and Philotus, printed at Edinburgh, 1603.
Dr. Fullert mentions a book written by our author, intitled, Monumenta literaria ; which are said to be
Non tam labore condita, quan lepore condita.
* Vol. III. # Worthies, p. 221.
DRAMATIS PERSONAE.
A PALMER, A PARDoNER, A PotIcARY,
A PEDLER.
THE FOUR P's #.
Palmer. Now God be here; who kepeth this place? Now by my fayth, I crye you mercy;
Of reason I must sew for grace,
My rewdnes sheweth met so homely. Wherof your pardon axt and wonne,
I sew you”, as curtesy doth me bynde,
To tell this whiche shalbe begonne,
In order as may come beste in mynde. I am a Palmer, as ye”
Whiche my lyfe muche part have“ spent many fayre and farre” cuntrie,
Although more pains than usual were bestowed tion this piece, yet, was printed originally
the colla Dodsley
from the most corrupt the old copies, many the errors and few interpolations were allowed the subsequent editor re main. The orthography also, professed observed, was very
frequently abandoned. -
Palmer] “The difference between pilgrim and palmer was “thus; The pilgrim had some home dwelling place; but the
“Palmer had none. The pilgrim travelled some certain de “signed place places; but the palmer all. The pilgrim went “at his own charges; but the palmer professed wilful poverty, and “went upon alms. The pilgrim might give over his profession,
and return home; but the palmer must constant till had “obtained the palm, that victory over spiritual enemies,
“and life “staff, Staveley's
death, and thence his name Palmer, else from boughs palm, which always carried along him. ” Raman Horseleech, 1769, 93.
The first edition gives this line, “My rewdnes sheweth me
and that 1569 has
“My rudenes sheweth me not
homely,
- The negative certainly seems have been inserted mistake.
sew you] sue now, edition 1569. you, edit. 1569.
have] hath, 1st edit. fayre and farre] far and faire, edit, 1569.
homely. ”
** “ a In t1*
*
to
3 ye
be to be all to
by
on by
of
or
of it.
C.
it
p. he
by
by
a of
or
of a
is,
se,
no ora so so
to
he a
to
or
of as
of
54 THE You R P's.
As pilgryms do of good intent. At Hiernsalem" have I bene
Before Chryste's blessed sepulture:
The mount of Calvery have I sene’
A holy place ye may be sure.
To Josaphat and Olyvete"
On fote, god wote, I wenteryght bare : Many a salte tere dyd I swete,
* Hierusalem], Jerusalem. edit, 1569. edit. 1569.
7 have II I have,
* To Josaphat and Olyvete, Maundevile thus mentions these places. “And towards the Est syde, withoute the walles of the
“cytee Jerusalem) “to the walles, thoughe
the vale Josaphathe, that touchethe were large dyche. And anen that the cytee, the chirche Seynt “Stevene, where was stoned dethe. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo.
1725, 96, “And above the vale, the mount Olyvete; and “it cleped so, for the plentee olyves, that growen there.
“That mount more highe than the cytee Jerusalem is; and therefore may men upon that mount, see many the stretes the
“cytee. And betwene that mount and the cytee, not but “vale Josaphathe, that not fulle large. And fro that mount, “steighe oure Lord Jesu Christ hevene, upon Ascencioun-day:
and there schewethe the schapp his left foot- the ston. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo. 1725, 116.
“vale Josaphathe out
Dr. Audrew Borde's Introduction
Knowledge, 1542, Sign. that writer, who had been pilgrimage Jerusalem, says.
and that there great confluence pylgrims the holy pulchre, and many holy places, will wushe somewhat that
“doo know, and have sene the place. Whosoever that dothe “pretende Jerusalem, let him prepare himselfe
“forth England after Easter dayes,” &c. He then rects the route traveller ought take, and adds, “when you
come Jerusalem, the friers which called cordaline, they saynct Fraunces, other they wyl receave you with devocion
and brynge you the sepulchre: the holy sepulchre wythin “the church, and the mount Calvery, where Jesu Christ
did suffer his passions. The churche rounde lyke temple, “is more larger than anye temple that have sene amonges “Jues. The sepulchre grated rounde aboute wyth yrone, than “no man shall great pycke out any stones. The sepulchre
lyke lytle house, the which masons was dyged out “rocke stone. There maye stonde wythin the sepulchre ax “xii parsons, but few none dothe into the sepulcre, except “they singulerly beloved, and then they night wyth
“great feare and reverence. ”
be ofa
is
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go in
of
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THE Four P's 55
Before thys carkes coulde” come thare Yet have I bene at Rome also,
And gone the statyons” arow: Saynt peter's shryne and many mo,
Than told know.
Except that there any suche,
That hath ben there, and diligently Hath taken hede, and marked muche, Then can they speke muche
Then the Rodes” also was And rounde about Amias
Saynt Toncomber and Saynt Tronion”:
Saynt Bothulph" and Saynt Anne Buckston
coulde] would, edit. 1569.
the statyons (stationes, jurnee)] Answered the stages be
tween London and Rome, Holy Land; which there map
Ms. Math. Paris Roy. Libr.
and Pl. VII. Brit. Topog. vol. 85.
In Borde's Introduction (before quoted) said, and foras much there may bee many that hath wrytten the holy lands, the stacyons and the jurney way, doo passe over speake
forther this matter, &c.
. ** Rodes] Rhodes, island which the Knights Hospitallers,
now Knights Malta, retired, being driven out Jerusalem. Amias]. Probably Emaus, near Jerusalem.
Saint Toncomber and Saynt Tronion] Of these saints, places,
can give account.
Mr. Steevens letter the printer the Saint James's
Chronicle, points out the following mention Saint Tronion,
Geffrey Fenton's Tragical Discourses, 4to. 1567 fo. 114 “He re
“turned haste his lodgynge, where attended the approche “of his hower appointment wyth lesse devocyon, than the “Papistes France performe their ydolatrous pilgrimage the “ydoll, Saynt Tronyon, upon the mount Avyon, besides Roan. ” Regarding Saint Toncomber,
any thing.
This worthy also noticed Virginia 1575. Sign.
“Nay, softe, my maisters,
professes unable add the following terms Apius and
saincte Thomas Trunions.
“I
disposed buy
Saynt Bothulph] Saint Bothulph said have been born
Cornwall, and was eminent for working miracles about the time Lucius. He was buried Boston Lincolnshire.
Saynt Anne Buckston] “Within the parish Bacwell, ‘‘Derbyshyre, chappel (somtyme dedicated St. Annc),
am not
your
onions. ”
VII. and Benet. Coll.
is
I of ix. in * *”**a*
At At
at
E, a
2. an to
all be ye as do
in
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to to
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; as he of I.
of
I
56 THE Four P's.
On the hylles of Armony, where I see” Noe's arke"; With holy Job, and saynt George in Southwarke”;
At Waltam” and at Walsyngham";
“ place called Bucston, wheare is a hotte bathe, of such like qualities “as those mentioned in Bathe be. Hyther they weare wont to run on “pilgrimage, ascribinge to St. Anne miraculously, that thinge which
“is in that and sondrye other waters naturally. ” Lombarde's Dic tionarium, p. 48. Drayton says,
“—I can again produce those wondrous wells
“Of Bucston, as I have, that most delicious fount “Which men the second Bath of England do account,
“Which in the primer reigns, when first this well began “To have her virtues known unto the blest St. Anne, “Was consecrated then. ” Poly Olbion, Song xxvi.
** see saw 2nd edition.
16 hyles of Armeny, where I Noe's arke;] “And passe men
“be this Ermonie, and entren the see Persie. Fro that cytee “Artyroun, men hille that clept Sobissocolle. And there “besyde another hille, that men clepen Ararathe; but the Jewes
“clepen Tanee: where Noes schipp rested, and zit upon that “montayne: and men may seen ferr, cleer wedre; and “that montayne wel myle highe. And sum men seyn, that “thei han seen and touched the schipp; and put here fyngres
the parties, where the feend went out, whan that Noe seyde, Benedicite. But they that seyn suche wordes, seyn here wille:
“for man may not gon snow, that alle weys
the montayne, for gret plentee
that montayne; nouther somer
“wynter: that
“sithe the tyme “broughte
may gon there, Noe, saf monk, that,
179.
saynt George Suthwarke] Formerly belonging
Bermondsey. See Stow's Survey.
Waltam] The famous holy Cross Waltham
dition says was discovered the following manner: the reign Canute, living Lutegaresbyry, had
might Christ crucified, whom was commanded
man
never man dide, the grace God
the plankes doun that zit
the mynstre, the foot the montayne. ” Maundevile's Voiage and Travaile,
1727,
palish priest, and direct him ioners, solemn procession
digging they would find
sion. The man neglecting
vision the the walk, accompanied with his parish
the top adjoining hill, where
cross the very sign Christ's pas perform the orders the image was
visited second time, and his hands were then griped such
manner, that the marks remained some time after. He then ac quainted the priest, and, they were ordered, they proceeded the place pointed out, where they discovered great marble, hav ing black flint the image the crucifix. They then formed the lord the manor the transaction; and imme
the priory
which tra carpenter,
of
in ofno
is ;
of
see
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ingo of to in
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is be in
in
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of
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17
in a
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it
go
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of
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to
THE Fou R P's.
And at the good rood” of dagnam";
57
diately resolved to send the cross first to Canterbury, and after wards to Reading; but on attempting to draw it to these places,
although with the force of twelve red oxen, and as many white kine, it was found impracticable, and he was obliged to desist.
He then determined to
Waltham, and immediately the itself. the way many persons and the relick soon became much re
wain began were healed
move thither disorders
the pilgrims
Lambarde's Dictionarium Angliae
4to. 1730, 431.
Walsynghum] “Walsingham,
the miracles performed Topographicum Historicum,
sorted
account
Norfolk, where was anciently “an image the Virgin Mary, famous over Europe for the “numerous pilgrimages made and the great riches pos
“sessed. Erasmus has given very exact and humorous descrip
“tion the superstitions practised there his time. See his Ac
“count the VIRGo PARATH ALAssi his Colloquy, intitled, “PEREGRIN AT10 Religion ERGo. He tells the rich offer “ings silver, gold, and precious stones, that were there shewn “him, were incredible; there being scarce person any note “in England, but what some time other paid visit, sent “present,
our LADY WALsix HAM. At the dissolution “the monasteries, 1538, this splendid image, with another from
“Ipswich, was carried Chelsea, and there burnt the pre “sence commissioners. ” See Percy’s Reliques Ancient Poetry
vol. II. 79. Robert Longland,
“Hermets
“Wenten
“Great loubies and longe, loth were swinke, “Clothed him copes knowen from other, “And shopen hem her mets; her ease have. ”
says,
Pier's Plowman's Visions, 1550, heape, wyth hoked staves,
Walsingham, and her wenches after.
See also Weever's Funeral Monuments, 131,
rood] Hearne, his Glossary Peter Langtoft, 544. under
the word cross observes, that although the cross and the rood are commonly taken for the same, yet the rood properly signified formerly the image Christ the cross, represent both the cross and the figure our blessed Saviour suffered upon
The roods that were churches and chapels were placed shrines, that were styled Rood-lofts, Rood-loft (saith Blount) “shrine, whereon was placed the cross Christ. The rood was an “image Christ the cross, made generally wood, and
erected loft for that purpose, just over the passage out the “church into the chancel. ” But rood-loft sometimes also signifies
shrine, which was placed the image relicks cause generally crucifix, cross, used likewise
saint, be attend such
image
Dagnam] Dagenham,
relicks.
Foes.
*
or
a“it. *
*it.
i. a e.
in
to on
a in
in
in
Is of it aonto atoat
-
or
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to of on fix
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p.
58 THE Four P's.
At saynt Cornelys *; at saynt James in Gales”: And at saynt Wynefryde's well” in Walles;
At our lady of Boston”; at saynt Edmund's byryes;
** saynt Cornelys] Saint Cornelys, according to the Legenda Aurea, succeeded Fabyan in the papacy, and was beheaded in the reign of Decian, for refusing to sacrifice in the Temple of Mars. There was a fraternity in his honour at Westminster. See their pardon, Brit. Top. I. 772.
*3 saynt James in Gales] Weever in his Funeral Monuments, p. 17. 2. observes that “ —the Italians, yea those that dwell neare “Rome, will mocke and scoffe at our English (and other) pil “grims that go to Rome to see the Pope's holinesse, and
Peter's chaire, and yet they themselves will runne see the re liques Saint Iames Compostella the kingdom Galicia,
“Spaine, which above twelve hundred English miles. ” See also Dr. Geddes's Tracts.
saynt Wynefryde's well] Saint Wenefrede's well, near Holy
well, the county steep hill out
well, covered with quisitely carved
Flint, spring which rises the foot rock, and formed into beautiful polygonal rich arch supported pillars; the roof ex stone; over the fountain, the legend St. pendent projection, with the arms England the fine ribs secure the arch, whose intersections are
Wenefrede
bottom. Numbers
coupled with some sculpture. To this place the resort pilgrims was formerly very great; and, though considerably diminished,
there are still seen the summer few the water
deep devotion their chins for hours, sending their prayers, performing number evolutions round the polygonal well;
threading the arch between well and well prescribed number times. The legend St. Wenefrede well known. Those who desire more information this subject; may referred The Legenda Aurea, Bishop Fleetwood's Works; Mr. Pennant's Tour
into Wales, 28.
our Lady Boston] Botolph's town, Lincolnshire,
where St. Botolph was buried.
“Delicious Wytham leads holy Botolph's town. ”
Poly Olbion, Song xxv.
saynt Edmund's byry] —is named Kinge Edmunde, “whom the comon Chronicles call St. Edmund, Edmund the “Martyr; for Bury, but say court palace. was first
“a colledge priestes, founded Athelstane the kinge “Ingland, the honour and memorye Edmund that was slayne “at Hoxton (then called Eylesdund [or Eglesdon], Leland “thinketh,) whose bones removed thyther. The hole hystorie
this matter enterlaced with miracles, that Polydor him “selfe (who beleaved them better than began dalye with
“sayinge, that Monkes were muche delighted with them. ” Lam barde's Dictionarium, 35.
Again, Douglas's Virgil,
“The seik ground deny
“My fader exhortis
“To Delos, and Apollois ansuere spere,
“Be seiking him succours lere
Again,
“Aneuthir mache him was socht and sperit. ”
140.
iii.
72.
frute and fudis, turn againe our studis
B. v. p.
of of
to in
toof B. a us of
a
se
* i. e.
O
no
in of
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us he in in all
to ;”
is
a noO
to in
ut in of
to
to
ACT W II, God's PROMISEs. 41
BALEUs Prlocutor.
The matters are soch that we have uttered here As ought not to slyde from your memoryall.
For they have opened soch confortable gere, As is to the helthe of this kynde universall,
Graces of the lorde and promyses lyberall,
Whych he hath geven to man for every age,
To knytt hym to Christ, and so clere hym of bondage.
As saynt Paule doth write unto the Corinthes playne,
Our fore fathers were undre the cloud of darkenes,
And unto Christe's dayes ded in the shaddowe remayne :
Yet were they not left, for of hym they had promes,
All they receyved one spirytuall fedynge doubtles.
They dronke of the rocke whych them to lyfe refreshed,
For one savynge helthe, in Christ, they confessed.
the woman's sede was Adam first justyfyed, was faythfull Noah; was just Abraham,
The faythe that sede Moses fourth multyplyed, Lykewyse David and Esaye, that after cam.
And Johan Baptyst, whych shewed the very lam. Though they seafarre, yet they had one justyce,
One Masse (as they call and Christ one sacry
fyce.
-
man can not here God better servyce,
Than thys grounde hys faythe and understand
nge.
For the worlde's synne alone Christ payed the
pryce,
hys onlye deathe was mannys lyfe alwayes restynge,
And not wyll workes, nor yet mennys deservynge, The lyght our faythe make thys thynge evydent, And not the practyse other experiment.
Where now fre wyll, whom the hypocrytes com ment
Whereby they report they maye their owne pleasure
-
at
do
in
:
is
of in
in in
of
in
to
in so all
In
A
SoIn
all
in on
to
it)
all
42 GoD's PROMISEs. ACT WII.
Do good of themselves, though grace and fayth be absent,
And have good intentes their madnesse with to measure.
The wyll of the fleshe is proved here small treasure, And so is mannys will, for the grace of God doth all. More of thys matter conclude hereafter we shall.
Thus endeth thys Tragedy or enterlude, manyfest
ynge the chefe promyses of God unto Man by ages the olde lawe, from the fall Adam, the incar
nacyon the lorde Jesus Christ. Compyled Johan Bayle, Anno Domini 1538.
EDITION.
Tragedy enterlude manyfestyng the chefe pro myses God unto man ages the olde lawe, from the fall Adam the incarnacyon the lorde Jesus Christ. Compyled Johan Bale, Anno
Domini MDXxxv. 111. the worde (which now
called the eternall sonne God) was lyfe from the
begynnynge, and that life was the lyght men. Thys
lyght yet shyneth comprehendeth
The greater part
the darknesse, but the darknesse not. —Joan I*.
this quotatiou torn the only copy
well the date and printer's
known with certainty
exist, name, any were ever appended.
* if
A of
in of
C. is as
In to
by all
of
of
off in
in of
to
it
of
or
in
as of by
to
is
all
of
by
THE FOUR P's.
John HeywooD, or Heewood, one of the most ancient
dramatic writers in the English language, was born in city London", and educated the University
Oxford, the ancient Hostle called Broadgate's,
after left Oxford, and became intimately acquainted
with Sir Thomas More, who lived the neighbour hood+. Here the latter wrote his celebrated work
Aldgate's parish.
He was his time more celebrated for his wit than his learning; and having Some fair possessions North Mims, resided there
called Utopia, and supposed Heywoods the composition
*Wood, his Athenae Oxonienses, vol.
have assisted his Epigrams
149, positively fixes
birth this place. Other writers have made him native North Mims Hertfordshire, but apparently without any autho
ity. Bale, who lived nearest the author's time, calls him Civis Londinensis which words, though they not absolutely
London, yet surely are sufficient warrant any one conclude that
was native that city,
belief that acquired the title Citizen London otherwise
prove that was born matter this uncertainty
-
Peacham's Compleat English Gentleman, 4to. 1627,
Gabriel Harvey’s MS. Note Speyght's Chaucer, Mr. Steevens's Shakspeare, vol.
than birth.
speaks
Bastard, his Chrestoleros, seven bookes Epigrams, Heywood and his reputation this department:
“Ifwitt may make poet, gesse, Heywood with auncient poets may compare.
But thou, word and deed, hast made him lesse his own witt, having yet learning spare.
The goate doth hunt the grasse, the wolfe the goat; The lyon hunts the wolfe proof we see
Heywood sang others downe, but thy sweete note,
WOL. I.
Davis, hath sang him downe, and
Then be not mov’d, nor count such To will thee what thou hast done
would thee. sinn,
him. ”
circumstance appears induce
1598, has the following, addressed Ad Johannem Davis, which
95. quoted
in
in
heof he in
in in
; in
it ina
by I
in
ofdo he
:
In
T. bya
of of at he
of at
a
as to in no
is
at
as I
5. to of
to
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his
in of the St.
in
as p.
to
a
of to
1. p.
of
to in
in in
in
he aheaof$.
Sir Notes
B. 88 his Translation
Wilson,
This would he write, else Harrington quotes one
46
Through Sir Thomas More's means, it is probable our author was introduced to the knowledge of King Henry the Eighth, and of his daughter the Princess, afterwards Queen Mary; by the former of whom, he was held in much esteem for the mirth and quickness of his conceits; and so much" valued by the latter, that he was often, after she came to the throne, admitted to the honour of waiting upon and exercising his fancy before her, even to the time she lay lan guishing on her death bed. His education having been in the Roman Catholic faith, he continued steadily attached to the tenets of that religion; and during the reign f of Edward the Sixth, fell under the suspicion of practising against the government, and
narrowly escaped the halter. After the death of patroness the queen, left the nation, says Woods, for religion's sake, and settled Mechlin Brabant,
where died about the year 15655, leaving several
The subsequent Ad Lectorem the same effect; “Reader, Heywood lived now againe,
Whom time life, hath not praise bereaved; would write, could express his vaine
am deceived. ”.
Heywood's Epigrams the Orlando Furioso; and Thomas his Rhetorique, 1553, speaks Heywood's Proverbs, adding, that his “paynes that behalfe are worthye immortall “prayse. ” Barnaby Googe's Husbandry, “our English Martiall,
“John Heywood,” quoted regarding Essex cheese. would
be goal add several other authors who quote applaud lillo
Athen. Oxon. vol. 149.
“But step backe my teske (though everie place step
“to, yeeldes me sweeter discourse) what thinke you Haywood “that scaped hanging with his mirth; the King being graciously
and (as thinke) truly perswaded, that man that wrate
“pleasant and harmelesse verses, could not have any harmfull con
“ceit against his proceedings, and the honest motion
“gentleman his chamber saved him from the jerke the six “string'd whip. ”
Harington's Metamorphoses Ajax, 1596,
Athen. Oxon. vol. 149.
The subsequent anecdote given Puttenham, his Arte
English Poesie, 1589,
230.
25.
“
§# f*
i.
p.
1.
is 1.
of if
is
is to
p.
to p.
in
orI
he
by
by
of
in
: of
in
of
a
I of
( ).
in
toJ. If
he
so
p. of by orIt I
in
of
of aso
his
to
to
In
he of
ofof I
of
at
47
children; one of whom, Jasper Heywood, translated
three of Seneca's Plays, and wrote several Poems,
printed in the Paradise of Dainty Devises, 4to. 1578. This Jasper Heywood was, according to Fuller, exe
cuted in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; but more pro
bably, as Sir Richard Baker asserts, was among those who were taken in 1585, and sent out of England *.
John Heywood + appears to be the second English
“The like hapned on a time at the Duke of Northumberland’s
“bourd, where merry John Heywood was allowed to sit at the
“table's end. The Duke had a very honourable and noble mynd
“alwayes to pay his debts well, and when he lacked money would
“not stick to sell the greatest part of his plate : so had he done a
“few days before. Heywood being loth to call for his drinke so
“oft as he was dry, turned his eye toward the cupboard and said,
“‘I finde great misse of your Grace's standing cups. ” The Duke “thinking he had spoken it of some knowledge that his plate
“was lately sold, said somewhat sharply, “Why, sir, will not “‘those cuppes serve as good a man as yourself? ' Heywood “readily replied, ‘Yes, if it please your Grace ; but I would have “‘one of them stand still at mine elbow, full of drinke, that I might “‘not be driven to trouble your men so often to call for it. ’ This “pleasant and speedy revers of the former wordes, holpe all the “matter againe, whereupon the Duke became very pleasaunt, and “dranke a bolle of wine to Heywood, and bid a cup should be “alwayes standing by him. ”
This story, in itself of very little worth, serves to shew the sort of terms Heywood was upon with the nobility of his time. C.
* The editor of the last edition of the Biographical Dictionary asserts, but without citing his particular authority for the fact,
that “ after many peregrinations, he died at Naples, January the 9th, 1598. ” C.
# Dr. Palsgrave, whose Play of Acolastus was printed in the year 1529, seems to have been the first. See Ames, 166.
Here is a mistake, which has likewise been fallen into in a note
on Cymbeline, edit. 1778, vol. 9, p. 317. Acolastus was not printed so early as 1529. The original Latin was, I think, produced in that year. Not having the play by me, I cannot exactly account for the misinformation given in that note ; but, if my memory is to be trusted, the original Latin is in verse, the translation in prose; and the title runs thus: Comedia Acolustus dicta, cum ecphrasi Anglica, per Johannem Palsgravium. Lond. per Thomam Bertheletum,
4to. 1540. S.
Ames, whose authority is quoted to prove the existence of the early edition of Acolastus, mentions both that and the later one, as though he had seen each. How far his accuracy is to be relied on, must be left to the reader's judgment.
48
dramatic writer. Oldys” says, he began to write about the year 1530, but that he could not find he published any thing so early.
The following is a List of his Works :
“A Play betwene Johan the Husband, Tyb the “Wife, and Sir Johan the Priest, by John Heywood,
“4to. Imprynted at London, by Willliam Rastall, “ the 12th Day of February, 1533. ” (Oldys's MS. Notes, and Companion to the Play-house).
“A Mery Play betwene the Pardoner and the “Frere, the Curate, and neybour Pratte, 4to. Im
“prynted by Will" Rastell, 5th of April, 1533. ” Ames, 182. (Oldys's MS. Notes, and Companion to the Playhouse).
“The Playe called the Foure P. P. A newe and a “very mery Enterlude of A Palmer, A Pardoner, A
“Potycary, A Pedler. Made by John Heewood, 4to, “Imprynted at London in fletestreete, at the Sign of “the George, by Wyllyam Myddylton. 4to. no date. ” Also, w
“A Play of Genteelness and Nobilitie. An Inter “lude in two Parts, 4to, no date. ” (Companion to the Playhouse).
“A Play of Love. An Interlude, 4to, 1533. ” (Com panion to the Playhouse).
“A Play of the Weather, called A new and a very “ merry Interlude of manner Weathers, 1553,”
(Companion the Playhouse. Oldys's Ms. ).
Also 12mo, printed Robert Wyer, (Ames, 157) -
“The Spider and the Flie, Parable made “Heywood+. Imprinted Tho. Powell, 1556,”
4to.
date. John
Langbaine.
This parable, apologue allegory, (for one and
MS. Notes
three) not perhaps “dull, tedious, and trifling,” Warton contends;
and without much “fancy,” has both meaning and moral. “the conclusion,” Heywood informs that began the work
twenty years before was finished, and that did nothing
during interval nineteen years. He adds, that was com menced “with the first, and ended with the last,” his poor
of it
“
all
B.
by
no
an
if it
in
he he
it as is
to it
L.
In
isf *
fo.
us
be so
on of it
it
by a
by
of
or
all
to
49
“John Heywood's Woorkes. A Dialogue conteyn “ing the Number of the effectual Proverbes in the “English Tongue, compacte in a matter concerning
“two Maner of Mariages: with one Hundreth of Epi “grammes; and three Hundreth of Epigrammes up
“pon three Hundred Proverbes, and a fifth hundred of “Epigrammes. Whereunto are newly added, a sixte “hundred of Epigrammes, by the said John Heywoode. “Imprinted by Tho. Marshe, 1576,” 4to. B. L.
Another Edition was printed by Felix Kyngston, in 4to. B. L. 1598.
“A Brefe Balet, touching the trayterous takynge of
“Scarborow Castle. Imprinted at London by Thomas “Powel. ” On a broad side of two columns, B. L. (Among the folio volumes of Dyson's Collections, in the Library of the Society of Antiquarians). Tho.
Stafford, who took that Castle 23 April, 1557, and proclaimed himself Protector of the realm, was be headed 28 May following, and three of his accomplices were hanged. Oldys's Ms.
“A Balade of the meeting and marriage of the King “ and Queenes Highness. Imprinted by W. Ryddel. ”
One side of a large half sheet. Oldys. f
Winstanly f hath expressed a doubt, whether the
author of the epigrams and of the plays were not differ ent persons. The following epigram will be sufficient
to set that fact beyond contradiction, and at the same
time exhibit a specimen of the author's manner:—
works. The maid who sweeps down the spider, he explains to mean Queen Mary, in “sense allegoricali,” whom he calls “a mer ciful maiden;” perhaps in “sense allegorical” also. C.
* Thos. Wilson, in his Rhetorique, published in 1558, speaks of Heywood's Proverbs as then in print. They were also repub lished in 1561; and the title-page professes that the work has
been “newly oversene, and somewhat augmented, by the sayde
John Heywood. ” The only copy I have met with is imperfect at
the end, and the title-page does not state who was the printer of “John Heywoodes Woorkes” were printed collectively Henry
Wykes 1566: they consist Proverbs and Epigrams.
vol. the late edition the Royal and Noble Authors,
M. Park, poem praise Queen Mary MS. the British Museum. C.
Lives English Poets, 45. VOL's Is
printed, copied from E.
*
In
a of
in
in
of p.
of of
in
is
f
it.
I. of
by a by
50
Art thou Heywood, with thy mad merry wit? Yea, forsooth, master, that name is even hit.
Art thou Heywood, that appliest mirth more than thrift? Yes, sir, I take merry mirth a golden gift.
Art thou Heywood, that hast made many mad plays? Yea, many plays, few good works in my days.
Art thou Heywood, that hath made men merry long? Yea, and will, if I be made merry among.
Art thou Heywood, that wouldst be made merry now? Yes, sir, help me to it now, I beseech you. Winstanly and Philips ascribe to him, I think,
falsely, the Pinner of Wakefield* and Philotus, printed at Edinburgh, 1603.
Dr. Fullert mentions a book written by our author, intitled, Monumenta literaria ; which are said to be
Non tam labore condita, quan lepore condita.
* Vol. III. # Worthies, p. 221.
DRAMATIS PERSONAE.
A PALMER, A PARDoNER, A PotIcARY,
A PEDLER.
THE FOUR P's #.
Palmer. Now God be here; who kepeth this place? Now by my fayth, I crye you mercy;
Of reason I must sew for grace,
My rewdnes sheweth met so homely. Wherof your pardon axt and wonne,
I sew you”, as curtesy doth me bynde,
To tell this whiche shalbe begonne,
In order as may come beste in mynde. I am a Palmer, as ye”
Whiche my lyfe muche part have“ spent many fayre and farre” cuntrie,
Although more pains than usual were bestowed tion this piece, yet, was printed originally
the colla Dodsley
from the most corrupt the old copies, many the errors and few interpolations were allowed the subsequent editor re main. The orthography also, professed observed, was very
frequently abandoned. -
Palmer] “The difference between pilgrim and palmer was “thus; The pilgrim had some home dwelling place; but the
“Palmer had none. The pilgrim travelled some certain de “signed place places; but the palmer all. The pilgrim went “at his own charges; but the palmer professed wilful poverty, and “went upon alms. The pilgrim might give over his profession,
and return home; but the palmer must constant till had “obtained the palm, that victory over spiritual enemies,
“and life “staff, Staveley's
death, and thence his name Palmer, else from boughs palm, which always carried along him. ” Raman Horseleech, 1769, 93.
The first edition gives this line, “My rewdnes sheweth me
and that 1569 has
“My rudenes sheweth me not
homely,
- The negative certainly seems have been inserted mistake.
sew you] sue now, edition 1569. you, edit. 1569.
have] hath, 1st edit. fayre and farre] far and faire, edit, 1569.
homely. ”
** “ a In t1*
*
to
3 ye
be to be all to
by
on by
of
or
of it.
C.
it
p. he
by
by
a of
or
of a
is,
se,
no ora so so
to
he a
to
or
of as
of
54 THE You R P's.
As pilgryms do of good intent. At Hiernsalem" have I bene
Before Chryste's blessed sepulture:
The mount of Calvery have I sene’
A holy place ye may be sure.
To Josaphat and Olyvete"
On fote, god wote, I wenteryght bare : Many a salte tere dyd I swete,
* Hierusalem], Jerusalem. edit, 1569. edit. 1569.
7 have II I have,
* To Josaphat and Olyvete, Maundevile thus mentions these places. “And towards the Est syde, withoute the walles of the
“cytee Jerusalem) “to the walles, thoughe
the vale Josaphathe, that touchethe were large dyche. And anen that the cytee, the chirche Seynt “Stevene, where was stoned dethe. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo.
1725, 96, “And above the vale, the mount Olyvete; and “it cleped so, for the plentee olyves, that growen there.
“That mount more highe than the cytee Jerusalem is; and therefore may men upon that mount, see many the stretes the
“cytee. And betwene that mount and the cytee, not but “vale Josaphathe, that not fulle large. And fro that mount, “steighe oure Lord Jesu Christ hevene, upon Ascencioun-day:
and there schewethe the schapp his left foot- the ston. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo. 1725, 116.
“vale Josaphathe out
Dr. Audrew Borde's Introduction
Knowledge, 1542, Sign. that writer, who had been pilgrimage Jerusalem, says.
and that there great confluence pylgrims the holy pulchre, and many holy places, will wushe somewhat that
“doo know, and have sene the place. Whosoever that dothe “pretende Jerusalem, let him prepare himselfe
“forth England after Easter dayes,” &c. He then rects the route traveller ought take, and adds, “when you
come Jerusalem, the friers which called cordaline, they saynct Fraunces, other they wyl receave you with devocion
and brynge you the sepulchre: the holy sepulchre wythin “the church, and the mount Calvery, where Jesu Christ
did suffer his passions. The churche rounde lyke temple, “is more larger than anye temple that have sene amonges “Jues. The sepulchre grated rounde aboute wyth yrone, than “no man shall great pycke out any stones. The sepulchre
lyke lytle house, the which masons was dyged out “rocke stone. There maye stonde wythin the sepulchre ax “xii parsons, but few none dothe into the sepulcre, except “they singulerly beloved, and then they night wyth
“great feare and reverence. ”
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THE Four P's 55
Before thys carkes coulde” come thare Yet have I bene at Rome also,
And gone the statyons” arow: Saynt peter's shryne and many mo,
Than told know.
Except that there any suche,
That hath ben there, and diligently Hath taken hede, and marked muche, Then can they speke muche
Then the Rodes” also was And rounde about Amias
Saynt Toncomber and Saynt Tronion”:
Saynt Bothulph" and Saynt Anne Buckston
coulde] would, edit. 1569.
the statyons (stationes, jurnee)] Answered the stages be
tween London and Rome, Holy Land; which there map
Ms. Math. Paris Roy. Libr.
and Pl. VII. Brit. Topog. vol. 85.
In Borde's Introduction (before quoted) said, and foras much there may bee many that hath wrytten the holy lands, the stacyons and the jurney way, doo passe over speake
forther this matter, &c.
. ** Rodes] Rhodes, island which the Knights Hospitallers,
now Knights Malta, retired, being driven out Jerusalem. Amias]. Probably Emaus, near Jerusalem.
Saint Toncomber and Saynt Tronion] Of these saints, places,
can give account.
Mr. Steevens letter the printer the Saint James's
Chronicle, points out the following mention Saint Tronion,
Geffrey Fenton's Tragical Discourses, 4to. 1567 fo. 114 “He re
“turned haste his lodgynge, where attended the approche “of his hower appointment wyth lesse devocyon, than the “Papistes France performe their ydolatrous pilgrimage the “ydoll, Saynt Tronyon, upon the mount Avyon, besides Roan. ” Regarding Saint Toncomber,
any thing.
This worthy also noticed Virginia 1575. Sign.
“Nay, softe, my maisters,
professes unable add the following terms Apius and
saincte Thomas Trunions.
“I
disposed buy
Saynt Bothulph] Saint Bothulph said have been born
Cornwall, and was eminent for working miracles about the time Lucius. He was buried Boston Lincolnshire.
Saynt Anne Buckston] “Within the parish Bacwell, ‘‘Derbyshyre, chappel (somtyme dedicated St. Annc),
am not
your
onions. ”
VII. and Benet. Coll.
is
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56 THE Four P's.
On the hylles of Armony, where I see” Noe's arke"; With holy Job, and saynt George in Southwarke”;
At Waltam” and at Walsyngham";
“ place called Bucston, wheare is a hotte bathe, of such like qualities “as those mentioned in Bathe be. Hyther they weare wont to run on “pilgrimage, ascribinge to St. Anne miraculously, that thinge which
“is in that and sondrye other waters naturally. ” Lombarde's Dic tionarium, p. 48. Drayton says,
“—I can again produce those wondrous wells
“Of Bucston, as I have, that most delicious fount “Which men the second Bath of England do account,
“Which in the primer reigns, when first this well began “To have her virtues known unto the blest St. Anne, “Was consecrated then. ” Poly Olbion, Song xxvi.
** see saw 2nd edition.
16 hyles of Armeny, where I Noe's arke;] “And passe men
“be this Ermonie, and entren the see Persie. Fro that cytee “Artyroun, men hille that clept Sobissocolle. And there “besyde another hille, that men clepen Ararathe; but the Jewes
“clepen Tanee: where Noes schipp rested, and zit upon that “montayne: and men may seen ferr, cleer wedre; and “that montayne wel myle highe. And sum men seyn, that “thei han seen and touched the schipp; and put here fyngres
the parties, where the feend went out, whan that Noe seyde, Benedicite. But they that seyn suche wordes, seyn here wille:
“for man may not gon snow, that alle weys
the montayne, for gret plentee
that montayne; nouther somer
“wynter: that
“sithe the tyme “broughte
may gon there, Noe, saf monk, that,
179.
saynt George Suthwarke] Formerly belonging
Bermondsey. See Stow's Survey.
Waltam] The famous holy Cross Waltham
dition says was discovered the following manner: the reign Canute, living Lutegaresbyry, had
might Christ crucified, whom was commanded
man
never man dide, the grace God
the plankes doun that zit
the mynstre, the foot the montayne. ” Maundevile's Voiage and Travaile,
1727,
palish priest, and direct him ioners, solemn procession
digging they would find
sion. The man neglecting
vision the the walk, accompanied with his parish
the top adjoining hill, where
cross the very sign Christ's pas perform the orders the image was
visited second time, and his hands were then griped such
manner, that the marks remained some time after. He then ac quainted the priest, and, they were ordered, they proceeded the place pointed out, where they discovered great marble, hav ing black flint the image the crucifix. They then formed the lord the manor the transaction; and imme
the priory
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THE Fou R P's.
And at the good rood” of dagnam";
57
diately resolved to send the cross first to Canterbury, and after wards to Reading; but on attempting to draw it to these places,
although with the force of twelve red oxen, and as many white kine, it was found impracticable, and he was obliged to desist.
He then determined to
Waltham, and immediately the itself. the way many persons and the relick soon became much re
wain began were healed
move thither disorders
the pilgrims
Lambarde's Dictionarium Angliae
4to. 1730, 431.
Walsynghum] “Walsingham,
the miracles performed Topographicum Historicum,
sorted
account
Norfolk, where was anciently “an image the Virgin Mary, famous over Europe for the “numerous pilgrimages made and the great riches pos
“sessed. Erasmus has given very exact and humorous descrip
“tion the superstitions practised there his time. See his Ac
“count the VIRGo PARATH ALAssi his Colloquy, intitled, “PEREGRIN AT10 Religion ERGo. He tells the rich offer “ings silver, gold, and precious stones, that were there shewn “him, were incredible; there being scarce person any note “in England, but what some time other paid visit, sent “present,
our LADY WALsix HAM. At the dissolution “the monasteries, 1538, this splendid image, with another from
“Ipswich, was carried Chelsea, and there burnt the pre “sence commissioners. ” See Percy’s Reliques Ancient Poetry
vol. II. 79. Robert Longland,
“Hermets
“Wenten
“Great loubies and longe, loth were swinke, “Clothed him copes knowen from other, “And shopen hem her mets; her ease have. ”
says,
Pier's Plowman's Visions, 1550, heape, wyth hoked staves,
Walsingham, and her wenches after.
See also Weever's Funeral Monuments, 131,
rood] Hearne, his Glossary Peter Langtoft, 544. under
the word cross observes, that although the cross and the rood are commonly taken for the same, yet the rood properly signified formerly the image Christ the cross, represent both the cross and the figure our blessed Saviour suffered upon
The roods that were churches and chapels were placed shrines, that were styled Rood-lofts, Rood-loft (saith Blount) “shrine, whereon was placed the cross Christ. The rood was an “image Christ the cross, made generally wood, and
erected loft for that purpose, just over the passage out the “church into the chancel. ” But rood-loft sometimes also signifies
shrine, which was placed the image relicks cause generally crucifix, cross, used likewise
saint, be attend such
image
Dagnam] Dagenham,
relicks.
Foes.
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58 THE Four P's.
At saynt Cornelys *; at saynt James in Gales”: And at saynt Wynefryde's well” in Walles;
At our lady of Boston”; at saynt Edmund's byryes;
** saynt Cornelys] Saint Cornelys, according to the Legenda Aurea, succeeded Fabyan in the papacy, and was beheaded in the reign of Decian, for refusing to sacrifice in the Temple of Mars. There was a fraternity in his honour at Westminster. See their pardon, Brit. Top. I. 772.
*3 saynt James in Gales] Weever in his Funeral Monuments, p. 17. 2. observes that “ —the Italians, yea those that dwell neare “Rome, will mocke and scoffe at our English (and other) pil “grims that go to Rome to see the Pope's holinesse, and
Peter's chaire, and yet they themselves will runne see the re liques Saint Iames Compostella the kingdom Galicia,
“Spaine, which above twelve hundred English miles. ” See also Dr. Geddes's Tracts.
saynt Wynefryde's well] Saint Wenefrede's well, near Holy
well, the county steep hill out
well, covered with quisitely carved
Flint, spring which rises the foot rock, and formed into beautiful polygonal rich arch supported pillars; the roof ex stone; over the fountain, the legend St. pendent projection, with the arms England the fine ribs secure the arch, whose intersections are
Wenefrede
bottom. Numbers
coupled with some sculpture. To this place the resort pilgrims was formerly very great; and, though considerably diminished,
there are still seen the summer few the water
deep devotion their chins for hours, sending their prayers, performing number evolutions round the polygonal well;
threading the arch between well and well prescribed number times. The legend St. Wenefrede well known. Those who desire more information this subject; may referred The Legenda Aurea, Bishop Fleetwood's Works; Mr. Pennant's Tour
into Wales, 28.
our Lady Boston] Botolph's town, Lincolnshire,
where St. Botolph was buried.
“Delicious Wytham leads holy Botolph's town. ”
Poly Olbion, Song xxv.
saynt Edmund's byry] —is named Kinge Edmunde, “whom the comon Chronicles call St. Edmund, Edmund the “Martyr; for Bury, but say court palace. was first
“a colledge priestes, founded Athelstane the kinge “Ingland, the honour and memorye Edmund that was slayne “at Hoxton (then called Eylesdund [or Eglesdon], Leland “thinketh,) whose bones removed thyther. The hole hystorie
this matter enterlaced with miracles, that Polydor him “selfe (who beleaved them better than began dalye with
“sayinge, that Monkes were muche delighted with them. ” Lam barde's Dictionarium, 35.
