No More Learning

this mode of representation, or whether he bor-
The very writers, who have given this false judg- rowed it from Euripides, is altogether beside the
ment, let fall expressions, borrowed doubtless from mark ; and, in raising such a question, Falconet
their Greek authorities, which intimate the true merely showed his ignorance of the true relation
reason of the manner in which Timanthes painted between pictorial and poetic invention. It may be
Agamemnon : " patris ipsius vultum velavit, quem worth while, however, to mention that Eustathius
digne non poterat ostendere,” says Pliny ; "non supposed the idea to have been suggested to
reperieng quo dimo modo patris vultum posset Timanthes by a line of the Iliad (xxiv. 163). An
exprimere,” says Quintilian. In one word, it was imitation of the picture of Timanthes was found on
99


## p. 1134 (#1150) ##########################################

1134
TIMARCAIDES.
TIMARCHUS.
T
in impeaching Aesch
tion in the embass
erer, anticipated to
under a lax of Soc
bera pulty of such
Tus fortid den to ar
There are different
wal. According
denned and daira
pei an end to his
Lereinated. (Pius
Atsch, odr. Ti
the wall of a house at Pompeii. (Mus. Borb. iv. 3. ;
Polycles
Pompeii, vol. ii. p. 165. ) (2) With his picture of
the contest of Ajax and Ulysses for the arms of
Achilles, he gained a victory over Parrhasius,
Timocles
Timarchides
respecting which, and the arrogant remark of Par-
rhasius on the occasion, see PARRHASIus, p. 128, b.
Dionysius
(3) The picture of the death of Palamedes at
Ephesus, mentioned by Photius (Bibl. Cod. 190, But then we have the somewhat improbable result
vol
. i. p. 146, b. 27, éd. Bekker) is ascribed to of a grandfather and grandson working together on
Timanthes by Tzetzes (Chil. viii. 198). (4) A the same statue. If, on the other hand, we adopt
picture of his was preserved at Rome, in the temple the rending of Jan, and combine it with the state-
of Peace, which Pliny describes in the following ment of Pausanias, that Timocles and Timarchides
words: Pinxit ct heroas, absolutissimi operis, arle
were the song of Polycles, and if we still identify
ipsa complexus vires pingendi. (5) Lastly, as a
this Polycles with the Polycles of Pliny, the result
biriking example of his skill and invention, Pliny is the absurdity that “the same Polycles" was both
mentions his picture of a sleeping Cyclops, of a
the son and the father of Timarchides. Either,
very small size (parvula tabula), in which the therefore, we must place another Timarchides at
magnitude of the figure was indicated by the in- the beginning of the genealogy, thus-
sertion of some satyrs, measuring his thumb with
Timarchides
a thyrsus. Timanthes is mentioned by Cicero
(Brut. 22) as one of the painters who used only
four colours. The sense, in which this is to be
Polycles
Dionysius
understood, is explained in the Dictionary of An-
tiquities, 8. v. Colores.
2. A painter, contemporary with Aratus. His
Tiniocles
Timarchides :
picture of the battle of Pellene, in which Aratus
defeated the Aetolians (Ol. 135. 1, B. C. 240), is
or, we must reject the word idem or iidem (re-
praised by Plutarch (Arut. 32). [P. S. ] storing, perhaps, item in its place), and thus obtain
TIMA’RCHIDES, a freedman and an accensus another Polycles, the brother of Dionysius: or,
cf Verres, was one of the most villainous instru- lastly, the identification of the Polycles of Pau-
ments of the oppressions of Verres. (Cic. Verr. ii. sanias and Pliny may be given up, and it may be
28, 53, 54, iii. 66, v. 45. )
supposed that we have two different and somewhat
TIMA'RCHIDES and TI'MOCLES (Tiap distinct portions of this artistic family, namely,
xions, Timorias), of Athens, the sons of Polycles,
have already been spoken of under POLYCLES, P.
Polycles
459, a. , where their statues of Asclepius and
Athena are mentioned, and their date is discussed ;
for it is, of course, dependent on the date assigned Timocles
Timarchides,
to Polycles. In addition to the remarks in that
article, it should be observed that, in the
the artists mentioned by Pausanias, and
passage
of Pliny referred to (H. N. xxxvi. 5. 8. 4. & 10), Timocles and Timarchides (brothers)
not only are Polycles and the sons of Timarchides
1
mentioned as the makers of statues in the portico
of Octavia, but also Timarchides himself, as the
Polycles
Dionysius
maker of a statue of Apollo, holding the cithara,
in his temple, which formed a part of those build- those mentioned by Pliny. In this position the
ings. Moreover, it is most probable that the pas- question must be left for the solution of other
sage, correctly read, contains some further informa- scholars, and for the instruction of students in the
tion about “the sons of Timarchides," who are difficulties of criticism. It must, however, be re-
nameless in the ordinary text, as established by membered that the text cannot be regarded as fixed
Harduin. The old text had “ Item Polycles et by the authority of the Bamberg MS.
Dionysius, Timarchidis filii," &c. ; and, although The works of Timarchides and Timocles at
the first four words are not contained in the MSS. Rome were in marble. Pausanias does not specify
used by Harduin, who therefore rejected them, the material of their statues which he mentions.
they are found, with a slight variation, in the Pliny, however, includes Timarchides in his list of
Bamberg MS. , which gives “ Idem polycles et dio those statuaries in bronze, who made athletas et
nysius timarcidis, fili,” i. e. filius. The last word armatos et venatores sacrificantesque. (H. N. xxxiv.
is confirmed by the Munich MS. , which has “ma- 8. 8. 19. § 34. )
[P. S. ]
chidis filius. ” Hence it would appear to be pro- TIMARCHUS (Tipapxos), historical. 1. An
bable that the true reading is “ Idem Polycles Athenian general, who, in conjunction with Leo-
(who had been mentioned in the preceding sen- trophides, was sent in command of an expedition
tence) et Dionysius, Timarchidis filius," or, as Jan against Megara, in B. C. 408. (Diod. xiji. 65. )
proposes to read it,“ lidem Polycles et Dionysius 2. An Athenian politician, the son of Arizelus,
(for the latter also is mentioned in the preceding sen- a contemporary of Demosthenes and Aeschines.
tence), Timarchidis filii. ” (Sillig's edition of Pliny He was an active orator, and took a conspicuous
and Jan's Supplement. )
part in public affairs, being the author of a con-
Slight as is the difference between the two siderable number of decrees. One of these forbade
readings, they have a very different effect on the the exportation of arms or marine stores for the
succession of this family of artists. According to service of Philip of Macedon, under pain of death.
the former, we have only to add to the genealogy Timarchus was, however, a man of the most profli-
the name of Dionysius, thus :
gate and abandoned habits. He joined Demosthenes
been impeached
from being
(Suidas s t. ;
Beas as opos ; Tze
chines Kate Time
3. A farourite
des the Great
of Babylon. H
pierince bads,
Demetrios Sole
death by himna
4. A tyrant
by Antiochus,
deurerance see
one, 24 the M
to Antiochus
65. )
TIMARCH
friend and disc
of the cardia
2 A Grech
of Puolemaeus
3. A Gre
Athenaeus (
book of a
'Eauoi. He
9. 122), and
1). If the
is correct, T
Tas a writer
mention of a
possograf
Teading in
Ters consin
Renriseт,
TIMAR
670. ]
IISLAH
acroxed in
casion Pac
the substa
17. 20).
TINA
the daugh
ruishes fro
epithet of
also tells
Diana, in
quissimae
1
!
TINA
Dos in H
si fortuna
and DER
tre cits
Was one
the You
the treat
kapherne


## p. 1135 (#1151) ##########################################

TIMASION.
1135
TIMASITHEUS.
in impeaching Aeschines, on the score of malversa- | room of Clearchus, and he and Xenophon, as the
tion in the embassy to Philip. Aeschines, how- youngest of the new leaders, were appointed to
ever, anticipated him, and brought him to trial command the rear-guard. When the Cyreans had
under a law of Solon, by which any one who had reached Cotyora, and were waiting there for the
been guilty of such flagrant excesses as Timarchus, transports which the Sinopian envoys had pro-
was forbidden to appear before the public assembly. mised them, Timasion and Thorax, a Bueorian,
There are different accounts as to the result of this took advantage of the report of Xenophon's pro-
trial. According to some, Timarchus was con- ject for the establishment of a Greek colony on the
demned and disfranchised ; according to others, he Euxine, to represent to some merchants of Sinope
put an end to his life even before the trial was and Heracleia that the only way to prevent it was
terminated. (Plut. Vit. X. Orat. Aesch. ; Prooem. to furnish pay as well as ships to the army. The
ad Acsch. adv. Tim. ) Timarchus had previously two cities in question, on this being reported to
been impeached by Aristogeiton, and prevented them, not only engaged to do what was desired,
from being entrusted with a public commission. but even bribed Timasion to persuade the Greeks
(Suidas s. v. ; Harpocr. 8. v. Aůtokielons and to accept the terms, and to sail away home. Af-
Oépravopos ; Tzetzes, Chiliud. vi. 47, &c. ; Aes-terwards, however, when they knew that Xeno-
chines Katà Trudpxou, with Taylor's preface. ) phon had abandoned his project, they would not
3. A favourite of Antiochus, the son of Antio- fulfil their promise of paying the soldiers, and Ti-
chus the Great, by whom he was appointed satrap masion accordingly and the other generals, who
of Babylon. He administered the affairs of his had been involved in the same intrigues with him,
province badly, and having made a stand against and had ventured to hold out to the men brilliant
Demetrius Soter, was overpowered and put to prospects of abundant funds, tried to
uade Xe-
death by him. (Appian. Syr. 45, 47. )
nophon to resume his design. He refused, how-
4. A tyrant of Miletus, who was overthrown ever, to bring the question at all before the army,
by Antiochus, the son of Antiochus Soter. The and they then attempted to gain over the officers
deliverance seems to have been a most welcome of their respective divisions, but a report of what
one, as the Milesians, in consequence of it, gave they were about spread among the troops, and
to Antiochus the surname @ebs. (Appian. Syr. their indignant opposition defeated the plan.
65. )
[C. P. M. ] When the Cyreans separated into three divisions
TIMARCHUS (Tluapxos), literary. 1. A at Heracleia, Timasion continued with the one
friend and disciple of Aristotle, left by him as one under Xenophon, and when it was advancing to
of the guardians of Nicanor. (Diog. Laërt. v. 12. ) rescue the Arcadians from the Bithynians, whose
2. A Greek grammarian, who lived in the reign country they had attempted to plunder, and who
of Ptolemaeus Euergetes. (Suid. s. v. 'Anolúvios. ) had hemmed them round on a hill where they had
3. A Greek grammarian, of uncertain date. taken reſuge, he was sent forward with the cavalry
Athenaeus (xi. p. 501) quotes from the fourth to reconnoitre ; and shortly after we find him again
book of a work by him, tepl toû 'Epatogé évous commanding the cavalry in the battle in which the
'Epuoù. He also wrote upon Homer (Schol. ad I. Greeks defeated the forces of Pharnabazus and the
0. 122), and on Euripides (Schol. ad Eurip. Med. Bithynians. On the discovery of the inability of
i). If the reading in Harpocration (s. v. 'Apyâs), COERATADAS to perform the promises by which
is correct, Timarchus was a native of Rhodes, and he had induced the Cyreans to elect him as their
was a writer on glosses. But as we find elsewhere leader, while the army was lying without the walls
mention of a Rhodian named Timachidas, who was of Byzantium, Timasion, in opposition to the other
a glossographer, some critics propose to alter the generals, wished to cross over again to Asia, in
reading in Harpocration. The reason is not a the hope of returning to his native city with the
very convincing one. (Vossius, de Hist. Gr. p.
143; treasures which we find he had collected in his
Ruhnken, Opuscula, p. 205. ) [C. P. M. ]
expeditions. He entered with the rest of the army
TIMARCHUS, artist. (CephiSODOTUS, No. 2, into the service of Seuthes (Seuthes, No. 2), and
p. 670. ]
took part in the hard winter campaign which re-
TIMARCHUS, CLAU'DIUS, of Crete, was established the Thracian prince in bis kingdom ;
accused in the senate in A. D. 62, on which oc- and when the disputes arose about the pay, which
casion Paetus Thrasea made a celebrated speech, Seuthes wished to erade, and Heracleides, the
the substance of which is given by Tacitus (Ann. instigator of the prince, endeavoured to cause dis-
xv. 20).
union among the generals, Timasion positively re-
TIMA'RETE (Tyuapétn), a female painter, fused to act apart from Xenophon. He, no doubt,
the daughter of that Micon, whom Pliny distin. crossed over to Asia with the army, when it en-
guishes from the celebrated painter Micon, by the tered into the Spartan service; and perhaps he
epithet of minor (H. N. xxxv. 9. 8. 35). Pliny then took an early opportunity to return home to
also tells us that she painted a panel-picture of Dardanus. (Xen. Anab, iii. 1. $ 47, 2. $ 37, v. 6.
Diana, in a very ancient style of the art (anti- SS 19–37, vi. 1. § 32, 3. SS 14, 22, 5. § 28,
quissimae picturue), which was preserved at Ephe- vii. 1. § 40, 2. $$ 1, 2, 3. $S 18, 46, 5. $$ 4,
(H. N. xxxv. 11. 8. 40. § 43. ) [P. S. ) 10. )
[E. E. ]
TIMA'SION (Tipaolwv), a citizen of Darda- TIMASI'THEUS or TIMESI'THÈUS (T-
nus in the Troad, appears to have been a soldier Marlbeos, Tiunoideos), a citizen of Trapezus, and
of fortune, and served in Asia under CLEARCHUS a proxenus of the Mossynoeci, between whom and
and Derc7LLIDAS. He was exiled from his na- the Cyrean Greeks he acted as interpreter, when
tive city,—at what period we do not know,- and the latter wished to make a treaty with the bar-
was one of those who entered the service of Cyrus barians, and to obtain a passage through their
In the retreat of the 10,000, after country. (Xen. Anab. v. 4. &S 2, &c. ) [E. E. ]
the treacherous arrest of the five generals by Tig- TIMASI'THEUS (Tuaoleos), an athlete of
saphernes, Timasion was chosen commander in the Delphi, who conquered several times in the pan-
BUS.
the Younger.
.


## p. 1136 (#1152) ##########################################

1136
TIMESITIIEUS.
TIMOCLES.
trisen, acer
error of trar
Ford Two
probability
and accordi
and Abreng
(Fabric B.
Griech. Tras
Groet. p. 43
in Didot's
2 A dist
Mdde Com
Terival of po
encroachmer
Cemedy mu
0. d, is const
cistossed po
the number
style, in whi
best standa:
His time is
pare especi
Like Antiph
sebemen: sp
kuenes, who
and the oth
from Harpal
b; Tinac. I.
of Dalius, at
&. aa. 343, 32
other such
Hence the pe
cratium at the Olympic and Pythian games, and according to which Lynccus avenged his brethren
was also distinguished as a brave soldier. Ho by slaying Danaus and his daughters (Jo. Malal.
was one of the partisans of the Athenian Isago- Chron. iv. init. ; Schol. Eurip. Hec. 869, Serv. ad
RAS, when he seized the Acropolis, with the help | Virg. Aen. x. 497). The plan of the 'Elévns
of Cleomenes. The citadel was besieged by the amaitnois may be conjectured to have been bor-
Athenians, and Timasitheus was one of those who rowed from Sophocles, and that of the 'I{iwr from
fell into their hands, and were put to death. Pau- Euripides ; shortly after whom, so far as any con-
sanias mentions his statue at Olympia, the work of clusion can be drawn from the titles, Timesitheus
Ageladas, the Argive. (IIerod. v. 72 ; Paus. vi. appears to have lived (Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. ii.
8. )
(E. E. ] p. 325 ; Welcker, die Griech. Tragöd. pp. 1046-
TIMA'SIUS, FL. , a distinguished general in 1048 ; Kayser, Hisl. Crit. Trag. Graec. p. 327 ;
the reign of Theodosius I. He was appointed Wagner, Frug. Trag. Gracc. pp. 144, 145, in
commander of the cavalry in A. D. 386, and of the Didot's Bibliotheca. )
[P. S. )
infantry in 388, and he was made consul along TIME'SIUS. [TIMESIAS. )
with Promotus in 389. In 391 Timasius served TIMO (Touc), one of the inferior priestesses in
under Theodosius in his campaign against the bar- the temple of Demeter at Paros, offered to betray
barians in Macedonia, and in 394 he was made Paros to Miltiades. (Herod. vi. 134. ) [Mil-
commander of the Roman troops in the war against TIADES. )
Eugenius. After the death of Theodosius and the TIMO'CHARES, was the author of a work on
accession of Arcadius, Eutropius, who had un- Antiochus, which is cited by Euscbius (Praep. Ev.
bounded influence over the latier, resolved to ruin ix. 35, p. 265). Another writer of the same name
all persons of influence in the reign of the late is mentioned by the Scholiast on Aratus (Phaen.
emperor. Timasius was one of his first victims. 269).
He was accused of aspiring to the empire, and TIMO'CHARES, physician. [Nicias, No. 1.
banished to the Oasis in Africa in 396. (Zosim. iv. p.
1188. )
45, 57, v. 8, 9; Sozomen, viii. 7 ; Suidas, s. v. ; TIMO'CHARIS (Trubxapıs), a statuary of
Tillemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. v. , and the Eleuthernae, in Crete, whose name occurs in an
authorities there quoted. )
inscription, found at Astypalaea, as the maker of
TIMEÄSIAS (Tlumoias) or TIME'SIUS (Tc- a statue dedicated to Asclepius, by a certain Archi-
utioios, Herod. ), of Clazomenae, was the first menidus, the son of Arithmius. The style of the
founder of the colony of Abdera in Thrace. He is letters of the inscription is that of the period of the
praised both by Plutarch and Aelian as a wise and Roman dominion in Greece. (Böckh, Corp. In-
virtuous man. Eusebius places his colony in the scrip. Addend. vol. ii. p. 1098, No. 2491, b. ; R.
31st 01. , B. C. 656. Timesias was expelled by the Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 445, 446,
Thracians, but he was afterwards worshipped as a 2d ed. ) His name also occurs in one of the in-
hero at Abdera by the Teians, who at a later time scriptions found by Ross, at Lindos in Rhodes, as
founded a second colony in that place. (Herod. i. the maker of a statue of Nicasidamus, priest of
168; Plut. Reip. ger. Praccepta, p. 812, a ; Aelian. Athena Lindia (Rhcin. Mus. 1846, vol. iv. p. 169),
V, H. xii. 9. )
and again in another Rhodian inscription, also dis-
TIME'SICLES. [Misitheus. ]
covered by Ross, as the maker of a dedicatory
TIMESI'THEUS (Taunoideos), a tragic poet, statue of a certain Xenophantus. (Ross, Hellenika,
mentioned only by Suidas (s. v. ) who gives us the pt.