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------.
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Colonizing the Exotic Teachings of the East'' unpublished lecture, University of
Tennessee, 1997.
------. ''Teaching Taoism in the 1990s. '' Teaching Theology and Religion, vol. 1, no. 2
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------, ed. Taoist Meditation and Longevity Techniques. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Center for Chinese Studies, 1989.
LaFargue, Michael, ed. Lao Tzu and Taoism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
------. Tao and Method: A Reasoned Approach to the Tao-te-ching. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
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Lagerwey, John. Taoist Ritual in Chinese Society and History. New York: Macmillan, 1987.
Lambert, Neal E. , ed. Literature of Belief: Sacred Scripture and Religious Experience. Salt Lake City: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1981.
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Neville, Robert C. Behind the Masks of God. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
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Noll, Richard. The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Jung. New York: Random House, 1997.
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? Index
abdominal breathing, 83, 86 accomplishment, 81 achievement, 79, 81
Acts of Thomas, 167, 168 adrenaline, 78
Adventures of Ideas (Whitehead), 50 afterlife. See immortality alienation, 187, 188, 189
Allan, Sarah, 17, 160n. 3
Ames, Roger, 51
anus, 85, 86
anxiety, 77
aphorisms, 173-76, 180, 182 attachments, 77-78, 81, 83 axial age, 133
Bamboo Laozi, 133
Baxter, William, 18 bedchamber techniques, 86 behavior patterns, 134-35 Being, 52, 53-56
bellows breathing, 25 Berling, Judith, 4
biases, 172
Black Elk, 38
body, 84-87
Boltz, William, 17
Book of Changes, 115, 137
Book of Odes and Elegies of Ch'u, 18 Bradbury, Steve, 160n. 2
branches, 176-78
bravery, 80
breath meditation, 25, 83, 86 Buddha, 133, 138
Buddhism, 115, 139, 182, 183 Bynner, Witter, 170, 172
Bynum, Caroline Walker, 94
Campbell, Joseph, 115 Capra, Fritjof, 170, 172 Celestial Masters, 135, 139 Chan, Alan, 23
Chan, Wing-tsit, 7, 33, 42, 98, 101, 113, 152
chaos, 183
Chen, Ellen M. , 95-96
China, 133-34, 151
Chinese culture, 50, 52, 92, 98, 157 Chinese language, 5, 50, 51, 54 Chinese Reading of the Daode jing, A
(Wagner), 17 Chomsky, Noam, 168 Christian catechism, 146 Christianity, 153, 156
202 index
Chung-yuan, Chang, 71
Clarke, J. J. , 125
''Comparative Mysticism'' (course), 62,
64
comparative philosophy, 49-60 competence, 168
Conference of the Birds (Ibn' Attar), 64 confrontational hermeneutics, 169, 184 Confucianism, 19, 93-94, 98, 134, 145,
146, 152-53
Confucius, 19, 20, 133, 138, 162n. 14 consciousness, 14-15, 25-26, 64-65 ''constant,'' 7, 88
contemporary relevance, 16, 23-24 contextualization, 4, 92, 174, 175 control, 80, 82, 88
cosmogonic theories, 129n. 27, 179 cosmology, 20, 53-56, 133
courage, 80
Creel, Herrlee, 98, 153
critical first-person approach, 15, 24-26 critical thought, 146
Csikszentmihaly, Mark, 65
Culler, Jonathan, 167
cultural relativism, 63
da, 33
Dao (the Way)
conceptions of, 61, 179 energy of, 83, 87
field analogy, 31-47
as generic term, 134
Laozi as identical with, 139 and mysticism, 65-72 Nameless, 54
nature of, 62, 76
as orign of world, 179, 181-82 references to, 4 transmundane, 178-79
and yin-yang polarity, 94, 96
Daode jing
academic and popular approaches to, 3-5
aphorisms in, 173-76
and comparative philosophy, 49-60 critical first-person approach to, 24-26
on cultivating body, 84-87
on cultivating mind, 77-84
and gender, 94-97
historical realities surrounding, 132, 133 interpretations of, 97-101, 114, 132, 137,
142, 145, 147-52, 156, 157, 159,
160n. 2, 170-73
on lifestyle, 87-88
methodological issues in teaching of,
145-65
method in reading, 173-76
mysticism in, 61-73, 140, 151, 162n. 13 in practice, 75-89
reception of, 131-44
reconstructing original meaning of,
170-73
as religious text, 7-10
as scripture, 131-32, 137, 154-55 standard edition, 132, 133
structure of, 176
teaching as Daoism, 154-55
teaching of, 91-101, 105-25
textual history of, 17-19, 132, 133 third-person approaches to, 16-24 translations of, 5-7, 17, 95-96, 101n. 3,
114-115, 131, 132, 147, 172 Daode zhenjing xujue, 136 Daoism
Americanized, 111, 172
of Chinese history, 110
and Confucianism, 94 contemporary dimension of, 141-42 forms of, 8-9, 114
as icon, 3
interpretation of, 51
near extinction in China, 107 popular, 4, 5
as religion, 9, 131, 140, 141 teaching Daode jing as, 154-55 teaching of in 1970s, 113-18 teaching of in 1980s, 120 texts of, 75-76
three aspects of, 20
wu forms of, 56-59
''Daoist Phantasmagoria, The'' (course), 114, 122
Dao of the Daode jing, The (LaFargue), 124 Daozang, 117, 128n. 18, 153
De, 180
deference, 58, 176
democratic electoral politics, 188 Derrida, Jacques, 168
desire, 59, 77-79, 81-83, 85 Dilthey, Wilhelm, 168
Disputers of the Dao (Graham), 134
East Asian culture, 171 Eastern religions, 126n. 5 effortless action, 25
ego, 71
Einstein, Albert, 70
Eliade, Mircea, 115, 117
eloquence, 177
emptiness, 182-83
energy, 83-87
enlightenment, 88
Escape from Predicament (Metzger), 182 esoteric meaning, 76
''eternal,'' 7 excitement, 78 exegesis, 147-50 exoteric meaning, 76
facts, 157-59
fame, 87-88
feminism, 151
first-person approach, 15, 24-26 force, 79, 179
Freud, Sigmund, 56
Gadamer, H. -G. , 168
gender, 94-97, 161n. 4, 163n. 14 Girardot, Norman, 4, 7, 63 gnosticism, 167, 168
government, 185, 188
Graham, A. C. , 19, 20, 98, 134, 138,
161n. 5
Guanzi's Neiye (Inward Training), 16, 18,
133
Guodian Laozi, The (Allan and Williams),
17
Guodian texts, 17, 18, 22-23, 132-33
Hall, David, 7, 9
Han dynasty, 138
Hansen, Chad, 162n. 12
Hardy, Julia, 23
Harper, Donald, 22
health, 76-78, 82-86, 88
Henricks, Robert G. , 7, 23, 147, 160n. 3 hermeneutics, 76, 145-65, 167-92 Heshang Gong, 6, 17, 23, 83 Hinduism, 115
historical hermeneutics, 16, 19-23,
167-92
historicism, 13, 167-92
history, 16-19
Hoff, Benjamin, 4, 106, 109, 110, 111, 119,
170, 172
holding fast to center, 25-26
Holding or Embracing the One, 82-83 Huainanzi, 17, 18, 65
Huang-Lao, 20
Huang-Lao po-shu, 17
humaneness, 39- 40
Hume, David, 56
humility, 176
hyperbole, 175
Ibn' Attar, 64
immortality, 41- 44, 135, 136, 138 inarticulate knowledge, 177-78 individualist aspect, 20 ineffability, 68, 69
infant breathing, 83, 86
inner cultivation, 20, 21
internal observation, 84 intuition, 70, 71
Japan, 120, 171 Jaspers, Karl, 133 Jesus, 140-41, 156 jing, 156
Jung, Carl, 115
Karlgren, Bernard, 18 Katz, Steven, 72 Kirkland, Russell, 7, 8, 9 knowledge, 78, 88, 108
index 203
204 index
Kohn, Livia, 9, 18, 19, 23, 65, 71, 72, 154 Kwok, Man-Ho, 100
LaFargue, Michael, 4, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 63, 73, 114, 124, 129n. 27, 132
language, 49, 54, 59, 69, 76, 77
Lao Dan, 19, 20, 138
Lao-Tzu and the Tao-te-Ching (Kohn and
LaFargue), 18
''Lao Tzu Myth, The'' (Kohn), 19 Laozi, 142, 149
as author of Daode jing, 92, 114, 115, 118, 119
Dao, 33, 36, 37, 38, 49, 59, 62 as god, 138-39, 141, 154-55
on immortality, 41-43, 135
on meditation, 136
moral philosophy, 31,39-40 on ''Mother,'' 33, 37
on ''Nameless,'' 32 renunciation of society, 61 teachings of, 106
worship of, 137
Laozi. See Daode jing
Laozi bianhua jing, 72
Lau, D. C. , 17, 22, 55, 98, 101n. 3, 113, 147,
160n. 3
Lau Tzu Tao Te Ching (Lau), 101n. 3 Legge, James, 115
LeGuin, Ursula, 125
Lehigh University, 118, 120
li, 79, 134, 180
Li clan, 138
Li Daochun, 154
Liezi, 65
Liezi, 115
lifestyle, 87-88
literal-mindedness, 174-76
liturgy, 137
longevity, 76, 82-85, 154
love, 181
Lucas, George, 23
Lushiqunqiu, 17, 19
Mahayana Buddhism, 182 Maspero, Henri, 153
material attachments, 77-78, 81 Mawangdui texts, 17, 132, 133, 160n. 3 meditation, 24-26,81-84, 136-37, 183 Metzger, Thomas, 182
mind, 77-84
mind/body dualism, 57
Mitchell, Stephen, 4, 95, 96, 101n. 3, 106,
109, 110, 111, 126n. 7, 170, 172 morality, 39-41
mother/Mother, 33-34, 37, 149, 180, 181 Mother Earth, 38
mouth, 85-86
Mouzi, 44
mysterious female, 86, 87, 149 ''Mystical Man'' (Neumann), 67 mysticism, 61-73, 116, 140, 151, 162n. 13 mythology, 121, 122
''name,'' 33
Nameless, 32, 54, 68
needs, 77, 81
Nei ye, 149, 156, 180 Neumann, Erich, 67
New Age Daoism, 4 nonaction, 58, 80, 82, 140, 156 Nonbeing, 53
nostrils, 85, 86
''Nothing,'' 181
not thinking, 69-70
Nyitray, Vivian-Lee, 161n. 4
objectless desire, 59
ontology, 53-56, 182
Orientalism, 8, 9
Origin and Goal of History, The (Jaspers),
133
''Origins of the Legend of Lao Tan, The''
(Graham), 19
Palmer, Martin, 100
parabolic language, 59 paradox, 69, 94, 189
Pas, Julian, 172
personality, 52, 56 philosophical anthropology, 56 philosophy, 7-9, 49-60, 179
Pirsig, Robert, 119
Plato, 52, 56, 59
polemic aphorisms, 129n. 27 political thought, 20
politics, 76, 185, 186, 188 populist utopianism, 187, 188 power, 185, 188
priesthood, 137
primitivist aspect, 20 procreative energy, 87 propriety, 39-40
proverbs, 174-75
psyche, 52, 56, 67
qi, 156, 164n. 26
qiang, 79
qigong, 83, 139, 171, 183 Qin dynasty, 134, 138
Ramsay, Jay, 100
rationalism, 66
rational thought, 70-71
Reagan, Ronald, 119 reconstructive meditation, 24-26 Reflections on Things at Hand
(Xi and Tsu-ch'ien), 182
relevance, 16, 23-24
religion, 7-10, 15, 108, 111, 112, 116, 118,
156-157, 179
religious mysticism.
Academy of Religion 54 (1986): 59-77.
------. ''Self-Fulfillment through Selflessness: The Moral Teachings of the Daode
jing. '' In Varieties of Ethical Reflection: New Directions for Ethics in a Global Context,
ed. Michael Barnhart. New York: Lexington Books, 2002.
------. ''The Study of Religion and Society in Contemporary Asia: Colonialism
and Beyond. '' Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 28, nos. 3-4 (1996): 59-63. ------. Taoism: The Enduring Tradition. London: Routledge, 2004.
------. ''The Taoism of the Western Imagination and the Taoism of China: De-
Colonizing the Exotic Teachings of the East'' unpublished lecture, University of
Tennessee, 1997.
------. ''Teaching Taoism in the 1990s. '' Teaching Theology and Religion, vol. 1, no. 2
(1998): 177-89.
------. ''Varieties of Taoism in Ancient China: A Preliminary Comparison of Themes
in the Nei yeh and Other Taoist Classics. '' Taoist Resources 7, no. 2 (1997): 73-86.
Kohn, Livia. Early Chinese Mysticism: Philosophy and Soteriology in the Taoist Tradition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
------. God of the Dao: Lord Lao in History and Myth. Ann Arbor: University of Michgan, Center for Chinese Studies, 1998.
------. ''Laozi: Ancient Philosopher, Master of Immortality, and God. '' In Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching, ed. Livia Kohn and Michael LaFargue. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
------, ed. The Taoist Experience: An Anthology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
------, ed. Taoist Meditation and Longevity Techniques. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Center for Chinese Studies, 1989.
LaFargue, Michael, ed. Lao Tzu and Taoism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
------. Tao and Method: A Reasoned Approach to the Tao-te-ching. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
------. ''Understanding the Aphorisms in the Tao-te-ching. '' Journal of Chinese Religions, no. 18 (fall 1990): 25-43.
Lagerwey, John. Taoist Ritual in Chinese Society and History. New York: Macmillan, 1987.
Lambert, Neal E. , ed. Literature of Belief: Sacred Scripture and Religious Experience. Salt Lake City: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1981.
Lao, Siguang. Xinbian Zhongguo zhexueshi. 3 vols. Taipei: Sanmin shuju, 1981. Laozizhu. Laozizhu fu Laozi xinkao shulue. 2nd ed. Ed. Yang Jialuo. Taipei: Shijie
shuju, 1958.
Lin, Paul J. A Translation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching and Wang Pi's Commentary. Ann
Arbor: Michigan Papers in Chinese Studies, 1977.
Loewe, Michael, ed. Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley: Society for
the Study of Early China and Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
California, 1993.
Lopez, Donald S. , Jr. , ed. Religions of China in Practice. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1996.
Lu, Ji. ''The Art of Writing. '' In The Art of Writing, Teachings of the Chinese Masters.
Trans. Anthony Barstone and Chou Ping. Boston: Shambhala, 1996.
Mair, Victor, ed. The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1995.
Mawangdui. Mawangdui boshu Laozi shitan. Ed. Yan Lingfeng. Taipei: Heluo tushu
chubanshe, 1976.
Metzger, Thomas. Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China's Evolving
Political Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
Mote, Frederick W. The Intellectual Foundations of Ancient China. 2nd ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1989.
Munro, Donald J. The Concept of Man in Early China. Stanford: Stanford University
Press, 1969.
selected bibliography 197
198 selected bibliography
Nachmanovitch, Stephen. Free Play: The Power of Improvisation in Life and the Arts. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1990.
Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilisation in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954-.
Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961.
Neumann, Erich. ''Mystical Man. '' In The Mystic Vision: Papers from the Eranos Yearbooks. Vol. 6. Bolingen Series. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.
Neville, Robert C. Behind the Masks of God. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
Nivison, David S. The Ways of Confucianism: Investigations in Chinese Philosophy. Ed. Bryan W. Van Norden. La Salle, Ill. : Open Court, 1996.
Noll, Richard. The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Jung. New York: Random House, 1997.
Pas, Julian. A Select Bibliography on Taoism. 2nd enlarged ed. Saskatoon, Canada: China Pavilion, 1997.
Payne, David. Confessions of a Taoist on Wall Street. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984. Qian, Zhongshu. Guanzhuibian. 4 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1979.
------. Limited Views: Essays on Ideas and Letters. Selected and translated by Ronald
Egan. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard University
Press, 1998.
Robinet, Isabelle. Les commentaires du Tao To King jusqu'au VIIi`eme si`ecle. Paris:
Colle`ge de France, 1977.
Roth, Harold. ''The Laozi in the Context of Early Daoist Mystical Praxis. '' In Religious
and Philosophical Aspects of the Laozi, ed. Mark Csikszentmihaly and Philip J.
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? Index
abdominal breathing, 83, 86 accomplishment, 81 achievement, 79, 81
Acts of Thomas, 167, 168 adrenaline, 78
Adventures of Ideas (Whitehead), 50 afterlife. See immortality alienation, 187, 188, 189
Allan, Sarah, 17, 160n. 3
Ames, Roger, 51
anus, 85, 86
anxiety, 77
aphorisms, 173-76, 180, 182 attachments, 77-78, 81, 83 axial age, 133
Bamboo Laozi, 133
Baxter, William, 18 bedchamber techniques, 86 behavior patterns, 134-35 Being, 52, 53-56
bellows breathing, 25 Berling, Judith, 4
biases, 172
Black Elk, 38
body, 84-87
Boltz, William, 17
Book of Changes, 115, 137
Book of Odes and Elegies of Ch'u, 18 Bradbury, Steve, 160n. 2
branches, 176-78
bravery, 80
breath meditation, 25, 83, 86 Buddha, 133, 138
Buddhism, 115, 139, 182, 183 Bynner, Witter, 170, 172
Bynum, Caroline Walker, 94
Campbell, Joseph, 115 Capra, Fritjof, 170, 172 Celestial Masters, 135, 139 Chan, Alan, 23
Chan, Wing-tsit, 7, 33, 42, 98, 101, 113, 152
chaos, 183
Chen, Ellen M. , 95-96
China, 133-34, 151
Chinese culture, 50, 52, 92, 98, 157 Chinese language, 5, 50, 51, 54 Chinese Reading of the Daode jing, A
(Wagner), 17 Chomsky, Noam, 168 Christian catechism, 146 Christianity, 153, 156
202 index
Chung-yuan, Chang, 71
Clarke, J. J. , 125
''Comparative Mysticism'' (course), 62,
64
comparative philosophy, 49-60 competence, 168
Conference of the Birds (Ibn' Attar), 64 confrontational hermeneutics, 169, 184 Confucianism, 19, 93-94, 98, 134, 145,
146, 152-53
Confucius, 19, 20, 133, 138, 162n. 14 consciousness, 14-15, 25-26, 64-65 ''constant,'' 7, 88
contemporary relevance, 16, 23-24 contextualization, 4, 92, 174, 175 control, 80, 82, 88
cosmogonic theories, 129n. 27, 179 cosmology, 20, 53-56, 133
courage, 80
Creel, Herrlee, 98, 153
critical first-person approach, 15, 24-26 critical thought, 146
Csikszentmihaly, Mark, 65
Culler, Jonathan, 167
cultural relativism, 63
da, 33
Dao (the Way)
conceptions of, 61, 179 energy of, 83, 87
field analogy, 31-47
as generic term, 134
Laozi as identical with, 139 and mysticism, 65-72 Nameless, 54
nature of, 62, 76
as orign of world, 179, 181-82 references to, 4 transmundane, 178-79
and yin-yang polarity, 94, 96
Daode jing
academic and popular approaches to, 3-5
aphorisms in, 173-76
and comparative philosophy, 49-60 critical first-person approach to, 24-26
on cultivating body, 84-87
on cultivating mind, 77-84
and gender, 94-97
historical realities surrounding, 132, 133 interpretations of, 97-101, 114, 132, 137,
142, 145, 147-52, 156, 157, 159,
160n. 2, 170-73
on lifestyle, 87-88
methodological issues in teaching of,
145-65
method in reading, 173-76
mysticism in, 61-73, 140, 151, 162n. 13 in practice, 75-89
reception of, 131-44
reconstructing original meaning of,
170-73
as religious text, 7-10
as scripture, 131-32, 137, 154-55 standard edition, 132, 133
structure of, 176
teaching as Daoism, 154-55
teaching of, 91-101, 105-25
textual history of, 17-19, 132, 133 third-person approaches to, 16-24 translations of, 5-7, 17, 95-96, 101n. 3,
114-115, 131, 132, 147, 172 Daode zhenjing xujue, 136 Daoism
Americanized, 111, 172
of Chinese history, 110
and Confucianism, 94 contemporary dimension of, 141-42 forms of, 8-9, 114
as icon, 3
interpretation of, 51
near extinction in China, 107 popular, 4, 5
as religion, 9, 131, 140, 141 teaching Daode jing as, 154-55 teaching of in 1970s, 113-18 teaching of in 1980s, 120 texts of, 75-76
three aspects of, 20
wu forms of, 56-59
''Daoist Phantasmagoria, The'' (course), 114, 122
Dao of the Daode jing, The (LaFargue), 124 Daozang, 117, 128n. 18, 153
De, 180
deference, 58, 176
democratic electoral politics, 188 Derrida, Jacques, 168
desire, 59, 77-79, 81-83, 85 Dilthey, Wilhelm, 168
Disputers of the Dao (Graham), 134
East Asian culture, 171 Eastern religions, 126n. 5 effortless action, 25
ego, 71
Einstein, Albert, 70
Eliade, Mircea, 115, 117
eloquence, 177
emptiness, 182-83
energy, 83-87
enlightenment, 88
Escape from Predicament (Metzger), 182 esoteric meaning, 76
''eternal,'' 7 excitement, 78 exegesis, 147-50 exoteric meaning, 76
facts, 157-59
fame, 87-88
feminism, 151
first-person approach, 15, 24-26 force, 79, 179
Freud, Sigmund, 56
Gadamer, H. -G. , 168
gender, 94-97, 161n. 4, 163n. 14 Girardot, Norman, 4, 7, 63 gnosticism, 167, 168
government, 185, 188
Graham, A. C. , 19, 20, 98, 134, 138,
161n. 5
Guanzi's Neiye (Inward Training), 16, 18,
133
Guodian Laozi, The (Allan and Williams),
17
Guodian texts, 17, 18, 22-23, 132-33
Hall, David, 7, 9
Han dynasty, 138
Hansen, Chad, 162n. 12
Hardy, Julia, 23
Harper, Donald, 22
health, 76-78, 82-86, 88
Henricks, Robert G. , 7, 23, 147, 160n. 3 hermeneutics, 76, 145-65, 167-92 Heshang Gong, 6, 17, 23, 83 Hinduism, 115
historical hermeneutics, 16, 19-23,
167-92
historicism, 13, 167-92
history, 16-19
Hoff, Benjamin, 4, 106, 109, 110, 111, 119,
170, 172
holding fast to center, 25-26
Holding or Embracing the One, 82-83 Huainanzi, 17, 18, 65
Huang-Lao, 20
Huang-Lao po-shu, 17
humaneness, 39- 40
Hume, David, 56
humility, 176
hyperbole, 175
Ibn' Attar, 64
immortality, 41- 44, 135, 136, 138 inarticulate knowledge, 177-78 individualist aspect, 20 ineffability, 68, 69
infant breathing, 83, 86
inner cultivation, 20, 21
internal observation, 84 intuition, 70, 71
Japan, 120, 171 Jaspers, Karl, 133 Jesus, 140-41, 156 jing, 156
Jung, Carl, 115
Karlgren, Bernard, 18 Katz, Steven, 72 Kirkland, Russell, 7, 8, 9 knowledge, 78, 88, 108
index 203
204 index
Kohn, Livia, 9, 18, 19, 23, 65, 71, 72, 154 Kwok, Man-Ho, 100
LaFargue, Michael, 4, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 63, 73, 114, 124, 129n. 27, 132
language, 49, 54, 59, 69, 76, 77
Lao Dan, 19, 20, 138
Lao-Tzu and the Tao-te-Ching (Kohn and
LaFargue), 18
''Lao Tzu Myth, The'' (Kohn), 19 Laozi, 142, 149
as author of Daode jing, 92, 114, 115, 118, 119
Dao, 33, 36, 37, 38, 49, 59, 62 as god, 138-39, 141, 154-55
on immortality, 41-43, 135
on meditation, 136
moral philosophy, 31,39-40 on ''Mother,'' 33, 37
on ''Nameless,'' 32 renunciation of society, 61 teachings of, 106
worship of, 137
Laozi. See Daode jing
Laozi bianhua jing, 72
Lau, D. C. , 17, 22, 55, 98, 101n. 3, 113, 147,
160n. 3
Lau Tzu Tao Te Ching (Lau), 101n. 3 Legge, James, 115
LeGuin, Ursula, 125
Lehigh University, 118, 120
li, 79, 134, 180
Li clan, 138
Li Daochun, 154
Liezi, 65
Liezi, 115
lifestyle, 87-88
literal-mindedness, 174-76
liturgy, 137
longevity, 76, 82-85, 154
love, 181
Lucas, George, 23
Lushiqunqiu, 17, 19
Mahayana Buddhism, 182 Maspero, Henri, 153
material attachments, 77-78, 81 Mawangdui texts, 17, 132, 133, 160n. 3 meditation, 24-26,81-84, 136-37, 183 Metzger, Thomas, 182
mind, 77-84
mind/body dualism, 57
Mitchell, Stephen, 4, 95, 96, 101n. 3, 106,
109, 110, 111, 126n. 7, 170, 172 morality, 39-41
mother/Mother, 33-34, 37, 149, 180, 181 Mother Earth, 38
mouth, 85-86
Mouzi, 44
mysterious female, 86, 87, 149 ''Mystical Man'' (Neumann), 67 mysticism, 61-73, 116, 140, 151, 162n. 13 mythology, 121, 122
''name,'' 33
Nameless, 32, 54, 68
needs, 77, 81
Nei ye, 149, 156, 180 Neumann, Erich, 67
New Age Daoism, 4 nonaction, 58, 80, 82, 140, 156 Nonbeing, 53
nostrils, 85, 86
''Nothing,'' 181
not thinking, 69-70
Nyitray, Vivian-Lee, 161n. 4
objectless desire, 59
ontology, 53-56, 182
Orientalism, 8, 9
Origin and Goal of History, The (Jaspers),
133
''Origins of the Legend of Lao Tan, The''
(Graham), 19
Palmer, Martin, 100
parabolic language, 59 paradox, 69, 94, 189
Pas, Julian, 172
personality, 52, 56 philosophical anthropology, 56 philosophy, 7-9, 49-60, 179
Pirsig, Robert, 119
Plato, 52, 56, 59
polemic aphorisms, 129n. 27 political thought, 20
politics, 76, 185, 186, 188 populist utopianism, 187, 188 power, 185, 188
priesthood, 137
primitivist aspect, 20 procreative energy, 87 propriety, 39-40
proverbs, 174-75
psyche, 52, 56, 67
qi, 156, 164n. 26
qiang, 79
qigong, 83, 139, 171, 183 Qin dynasty, 134, 138
Ramsay, Jay, 100
rationalism, 66
rational thought, 70-71
Reagan, Ronald, 119 reconstructive meditation, 24-26 Reflections on Things at Hand
(Xi and Tsu-ch'ien), 182
relevance, 16, 23-24
religion, 7-10, 15, 108, 111, 112, 116, 118,
156-157, 179
religious mysticism.
