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? NOTES. 131
75. injusti regis] from the cruel war he waged
and the tribute he imposed on Athens. This Minos
-was a grandson of the Cretan Minos so famed for
the equity of his laws.
83. funera . . nefunera] 'mourned as dead while
living. ' Isocrates speaking of the same event, uses
the expression nsrSovfUrov? art ? <3rru! ;. Encomium
Helenae sec. 13.
96. Golgos] a place in Cyprus, sacred to Venus.
103. frustra] in relation to the desired affection
of Theseus.
104. tacito labello] 'with whispered prayer. ' The
? epithet tacitus is applied usually where the object
of the prayer is impious or improper. Persius Sat.
2, v. 5. "tacita libavit acerra. " compare Horace, Lib.
1. Ep. 16, v. 60. "labra movet metuens audiri," and
in the fourth book of Tibullus, Carm. 5, v. 18.
Here the prayer of Ariadne for the safety of The-
seus might imply that she ceased to mourn for the
loss of her brother.
145. apisci] for adipisd.
150. germanum] the Minotaur.
159. parentis] jEgeus the father of Theseus, as
is evident from the succeeding lines. prisci] 'old'
hence severe to the fancies of hia son.
179. invidit] 'denies. '
179. aquor] from aquus, properly means 'the
surface. '
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? 132 NOTES. '
180. quemne] observe the negative force of ne in
this line, as also in v. 183.
217. Reddite] vocative participle. Theseus was
born in the extreme old age of jEgeus. --Plutarch
Vita Thesei.
227. Itoni] a town of Thessaly, from which the
Athenians are said to have derived the worship of
Minerva.
232. JEtas] 'time. ' so v. 238, commonly a limited
period.
236. ] unquestionably a spurious verse.
239. mandata] subject of liquire understood.
252. paHe ex alia] sc. vestis.
299. ] The only nuptials of mortals which were
honored by the presence of the Gods. --Isocrates,
Evagoras, 6.
301. ldri] a mountain of C'aria, where were many
spots sacred to Apollo and Diana.
308. quercus] erot is understood. Habited in
branches of oak, or perhaps in robes inwoven with
oak leaves. The oak was an oracular tree.
309. Tyro] the daughter of Salmoneus. ora]
'border' Theocritus, Pharmac. vs. 121, 2, speaks of
a wreath of poplar entwined with purple ribbons.
312--314. ] 'The right hand, with the fingers
turned upward, first draws the thread, then with
the thumb reversed whirls the spindle. '
324. ] addressed to Peleus.
325. nato] Achilles.
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? NOTES. 133
342. ]' Homer everywhere calls him noSag cixi);.
347. terlius hares] Agamemnon. Pelops left his
kingdom to Atreus his son, Atreus to Thyestes his
brother, and Thyestes to Agamemnon his nephew,
the son of Atreus.
382. putrida] 'wasted' by age. variabunt] 'dis-
color. '
402. prim<Bvi] 'yet in early manhood. '
403. innupta . . novercoz] 'a daughter-in-law wid-
owed by the death of her husband. ' Sallust, Bell.
Cat. 15.
404. ] an allusion perhaps to CEdipus.
CARMEN XLII1.
To Hortalus.
Catullus had promised Hortalus a translation or
imitation of the poem of Callimachus, entitled de
Coma Berenices, but had been long delayed in ex-
ecuting this promise, by his grief for the loss of a
tenderly loved brother. He at length sends him the
poem from Callimachus completed, with this poetical
apology for his delay. In many manuscripts this is
found as the introductory portion of the following
poem.
2. Horiale] supposed to be Marcus Hortalus, or
Ortalus the grandson of Hortensius.
14. Daulias] 'the Daulian,' Procne. For the
story of Procne and Itys, see Ovid Metam. Lib.
'
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? 134 NOTES.
6. v. 620, seq. In the Heroides, Ep. 15. v. 154,
he calls her Daulias ales.
16. expressa] 'translated' or 'closely imitated. '
Battiada] of Callimachus, a native of Cyrene, and
deriving his name, probably, from his descent from
the royal family of Battus.
CARMEN XLIV.
The hair of Berenice.
Berenice was the sister and wife of Ptolemy
Evergetes, king of Egypt. A few days after his
marriage, he was called away to a war in Syria,
and Berenice, offering supplications for his safe re-
turn, vowed, should her prayers be answered, to
consecrate her hair to the gods (multis Deorum,
v. 9. ) The offering immediately and mysteriously
disappeared from the temple, and Conon, a cele-
brated mathematician and astronomer of Samos,
soon discovered it changed into a constellation in
the heavens; and Callimachus who resided at Al-
exandria, willing likewise to gain favor at court,
wrote a poem on the event, which, except a few
fragments, is now lost, and of which this of Catul-
lus is a version. The constellation is introduced
relating the causes which separated itself from the
head of Berenice, and expressing regrets for its
absence, which the brilliance of its new position
could not suppress.
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? NOTES. 135
5. Lalmia] a mountain of Caria, the dwelling of
Endymion.
7. ccelesti lumine] construe with fulgentem.
15. Estne n. n. o. v. ] 'is Venus odious to young
brides? ' The transition here is abrupt. The order
of thought seems to be this. Are the maidenly re-
luctance of young brides, and their timid appre-
hensions of their coming nuptials, real or feigned?
The sorrow and vows of Berenice on the departure
of her new married husband, teach me they are not
sincere.
16. frustrantur] 'mocked. '
17. fundunt] sc. novae nuptae.
21. luxti] for luxisti.
26. magnanimam] Hyginus, (Poet. Astron. cap.
24.
) mentions as instances of the masculine charac-
ter of Berenice, and which secured to her the throne
of Egypt, a passion for horses, and her habit of
sending them to contend in the Olympic games.
Also, that once when Ptolemy, her father, sought
safety in flight from more numerous forces, she
rallied the flying troops, and defeated the enemy.
28. alis] for alius.
30. tristi] for trivisti.
36. Asiam] i. e. Syria.
39. invito] So Virgil, jEn. 6. 460. Invitus Regina
tuo de litore cessi. In these expressions of passion-
ate regret, the original author addressed to the
princess most courtly adulation. A similar strain
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? 136 NOTES-
of compliment is implied in the preceding verses,
in the intimations that her love and fears, had over-
come her wonted energy, and self-possession.
41. quod] sc. caput, inaniter] "ut solent peijuri. "
dignaferat] let him suffer due punishment.
42. poslulet] 'arrogate to himself,''boast. '
44. Progenies This] 'the Sun. '
51. paxdo ante] join with sorores. 'just now sister
locks. ' abjuncta] i. e. ' whom I have left behind. '
53. unigena] Zephyrus twin brother (Carm. 42.
v. 201,) of Memnon; both born of Aurora.
54. ales equus] in apposition with unigena, v. 53.
Arsinoes Chloridos] Arsinoe the mother adoptive of
Berenice, was worshipped by the Egyptians, under
the name of Chloris.
57. Zephyritis] the same as Arsinoe Chloris, v.
54, so called from a temple dedicated to her and
Venus, on the Zephyrian promontory.
66. Callisto] dative case.
65-67. ] these verses determine the position of the
constellation, having Bootes on the east, Leo on the
west, northward the fore feet of Ursa Major, south-
ward Virgo.
69, 70. ] in compliance with the popular belief,
that the stars occupy the heavens only in the night,
and on the return of day pass into the ocean. ves-
tigia] 'footsteps. '
<
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? NOTES. 137
71. pace tud] lest this seeming boasting should
excite the indignation of Nemesis.
77, 78. ] Voss reads expers for explens, and murrae
for una, asserting that virgins were not used to
smear their hair with unguents, but used simply
myrrh or oil. Sillig joining omnibus expers with
virgo, reads,
Dum virgo quondam fuit omnibus expers,
Unguentum multa millia bibi.
79-82. ] this passage seems to have perplexed
commentators very much, and almost every one has
given a different construction, Compare Vulpius,
Voss, &c. The order is vos, quas taeda optato
lumine junxit non (i. e. ne) tradite corpora, nudantes
rejecta veste papillas, unanimis conjugibus, prius
quam onyx libet mihi jucunda munera.
89. hi] Berenice.
90-93. ] effice me esse tuam, (restored to thee,)
non votis, sed largis muneribus.
94. Hydrochbei] (idwg x'TM) 'Aquarius,' dative case.
Oarion] i. q. Orion. Both are constellations, whose
appearing was usually accompanied with storm, and
the sense may be "let me be restored, the tresses
of a queen, though there should be perpetual
storm. " Or perhaps,' let Aquarius and Orion re-
tain their splendor in the heavens, let me,' &c.
12
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? 138 NOTES.
CARMEN XLV.
To Manlius.
The poet begins this letter to Manlius, by ren-
dering him thanks for the friendship which induced
him in his affliction, to apply to himself for consola-
tion; and mentions the loss of his brother, and the
inconvenience of his situation at Verona, as an ex-
cuse for omitting to comply with his request. The
remainder of the poem is occupied with the praises
of Manlius, allusions to the kindness Catullus had
received from him, and a somewhat long digression
in praise of a lady, to whose favor he had been in-
troduced by Manlius.
10. Muneraque et Musarum . . et Feneris] i. e.
"versicvios amatorios. "
17. lust] 'indulged in poetic essays. ' Carm. 38.
v. 2.
34. capsula] a box usually "cylindrical, in which
manuscripts were placed vertically with the titles
at the top;"
73. inceptam frustra] 'entered in vain,' as she
was so soon to be separated from her husband,
domum, v. 72, has the sense of family 'home. '
77. desideret ara craorem] the displeasure of the
gods was incurred by the omission of some cus-
tomary nuptial sacrifices.
83. scibant] 'ordained. ' .
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? NOTES. 1 39
107. Quale] the deep love of Laodamia is grossly
compared to the abyss under mount Cylleve. Her-
cules, it is said, driven by Eurystheus from Tirinthia,
went to Pheneus, a city of Arcadia, and as the
Olbius by its overflow, had made the adjacent
country an immense marsh, he drained off the
waters by an excavation of fifty stadia in length,
which passed under the neighboring mountains. --
Pausanias, Archaica, cap. 14.
110. audit] 'is said;' for a similar use of audit,
see Horace, Ep. 1. 14. 17, and Serm. 2. 7. 101. In
a similar sense the Greeks sometimes use axovlir,
as Xenophon, Anab. Lib. vii. cap. 7. Sec. 23. <<;
axovtiv "to hear ones self (i. e. to be) well spoken of. "
112. hert] Eurystheus.
113. ut] pointing to the destiny assigned to
Hercules by the fates as the end and reward of his
labors.
116. indomitam] sc. se, Laodamia.
117-122. ] a comparison of her affection with the
doting on the son of an only daughter, of a grand-
father whose hopes of perpetuating his name had
been given up, and whose property must have passed
to hated and fortune-hunting relatives, inventus]
as an heir, vulturium] 'the vulture,' i. e. the leg-
acy-hunting relative.
123. ] compare Carm. 2.
126. ] he commends the constancy of Laodamia,
in contrast with the fickleness of her sex. This
verse is to be connected with v. 117, JVam neque, &c.
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? - 140 NOTES.
129, 130. ] the whole episode of Laodamia, seems
intended to set forth by comparison the worth of
Catullus's mistress.
CARMEN XLVII.
To Lesbia, on the detection of her inconstancy.
1. ndsse] primarily, 'to know,'here in imitation
of an occasional use of the Greek ytwisxro, it implies
affectionate regard, 'to have been intimate with. '
3. dilexi] diligere properly mean's to esteem.
5. cognovi] cognoscere, means specifically to dis-
cover, as agnoscere to recognize.
7. injuria talis] by throwing obstacles in this
way inflamed his passion, (cogit amare magis,) though
it diminished his good will (bene velle. )
CARMEN XLVII1.
On an Ingrate.
2. piuni] with its kindred pietas &c. seems to have
the general signification of ' regardful of duty,' the
particular duty or relation to be determined from
the context; here ' grateful. '
3. ] construe, fecisse benigne est nihil.
5.