1799–1801,
containing
advantages, especially as Tauchnitz's cheap reprint
the Notes on vol.
the Notes on vol.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
), which places Brunck's theory beyond all dates are erroneously given, and that the edition
doubt.
of 1503 is the one meant to be described.
From the time of its first publication, at the end 3. The next edition was the Juntine, 1519,
of the 15th century, down to the discovery of the under the title : Florilegium diversorum Epigram-
Palatinc Anthology in the 17th, the Planudean matum, fic. , as in the Aldine: and at the end,
Anthology was esteemed one of the greatest trea- Impressum Florentiae per heredes Philippi Juntae
sures of antiquity, and was known under the name Florentini. Anno a Virginis nuntio dri. . supra
of The Greek Anthology.
mille. It is a mere reprint of the Aldine, with
Planudes, however, was but ill qualified for the some differences of arrangement, and with more
duties of the editor of such a work. Devoid of misprints.
true poetical taste, he brought to his task the con- 4. Two years later, Aldus himself published a
ceit and rashness of a mere literatus. The dis- second edition : Florilegium, fc. Solerti nuper
covery of the Palatine Anthology soon taught repurgatum cura. MDXXI. 8vo. The title-page
scholars how much they had over-estimated the goes on to state that the errors of the former edi-
worth of the Anthology of Planudes. On com- tion were corrected in this : but the fact is that
paring the two collections, it is manifest that this is a still more inaccurate reprint of the former
Planudes was not only guilty of the necessary edition, with few variations, especially the re-
carelessness of a mere compiler, but also of the ception into the text of some very bad various
wilful faults of a conceited monk, tampering with readings from the Appendix to the first edition.
words, “expurgating" whole couplets and epi- 5. The edition of Badius or the Ascensian,
grams, and interpolating his own frigid verses. Paris, 1531, 8vo. , is an inaccurate reprint of the
He reaped the reward which often crowns the second Aldine. It is very scarce.
labours of bad editors who undertake great works. 6. A few years later, the first attempt at a
The pretensions of his compilation ensured its commentary on the Anthology was made by Vin-
general acceptance, and prevented, not only the centius Opsopoeus, in his work entitled : In Grae-
execution of a better work, which in that age corum Epigrummatum Libros quatuor Annotutiones
could scarcely be hoped for, but, what was far. longe doctissimae quam primum in lucem editae.
more important, the multiplication of copies of Vincentio Opsopoeo Auctore. Cum Indice. Busil.
the more ancient Anthologies ; and thus modern 1540, 4to. Its value is very small.
scholars are reduced to one MS. of the Anthology 7. A much better commentary accompanied the
of Cephalas, which, excellent as it is, leaves many edition of Brodaeus: Epigrammatum Gruecorum
hopeless difficulties for the critic.
Libri VII. annotationibus Jounni Brodaei Turo-
nensis illustrati, quibus additus est in calce operis
EDITIONS OF THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. rerum ac vocum explicatarum Index. Basil. 1549,
fol.
& The Anthology of Maximus Planudes.
8. A very accurate reprint of the second Aldine
1. There are several codices of the Planudean edition, with new Indices, appeared at Venice,
Anthology (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. pp. 430- | ap. Petrum et Jo. Mariam Nicolenses Sabienses,
а
## p. 389 (#405) ############################################
PLANUDES.
389
PLANUDES.
1550. 8vo. It is extremely rare : Jacobs even | by far the best of his productions in that depart-
states in his Prolegomena that he had not seen it: ment of scholarship, and which have never been
Brunck, however, used a copy of it.
printed except in this edition. The Greek text,
9. About the same time the third Alline edition however, is only a reprint of the Wechelian edition,
was printed by the sons of Aldus, Venet. 1550— with many of its worst errors uncorrected.
1551, 8vo. It is the fullest, and the most sought It is now necessary to go back to the period
after of the Aldine editions, but not the best. when the discovery of the Palatine Codex placed
Though some of the errors of the second Aldine the Greek Anthology in an entirely new light.
edition are corrected, those of the first are generally
retained, and a new source of the worst sort of
1. Elitions of the Palatine Anthology.
errors is supplied by numerous conjectural emen- It is a curious fact that, for more than two
dations. The additions are very trilling. Stepha- hundred years from the discovery of the Palatine
nus calls the edition rich in nothing but faults, of Anthology by Salmasius, every project for publish-
which, he says, there are many thousands. ing a complete edition of it was left unfinished, and
10. The next and the best known of the old this important service to literature was only per-
editions is that of H. Stephanus, 1566 : 'Avoologla formed about thirty years ago, by the late Frederick
διαφόρων επιγραμμάτων παλαιών είς επτά βιβλία | Jacobs.
Seppnuévn. Florilegium diversorum epigrammatum 1. Salmasius, as might naturally be expected
veterum, in seplem libros divisum, magno epigramma- from the discoverer of such a treasure, continued
tum numero et duobus indicibus auctum. Anno to devote the utmost attention to the Anthology,
M. D. LXVI. Excudebat Henricus Stephanus, 4to. so that, his biographer tells us, he scarcely spent a
The distich which Stephanus inscribed on his title- day without reading and making notes upon it.
page,
By other avocations, however, and by quarrels
" Pristinus a mendis fuerat lepor ante fugatus :
with the Leyden printers, who refused to publish
Nunc profugae mendae, nunc lepor ille redit," the Greek text without a Latin version, and with
Valesius, who would not assist in the labour except
gives a higher estimate of the value of his labours on the condition of having his own name prefixed
than modern critics bave been able to assign to to the work, Salmasius was prevented from com-
them. Its excellencies consist in the addition of pleting his intended edition. He left behind him,
a large number of epigrams, not contained in any however, a large mass of notes and of unedited
of the former editions, of the Scholia of Maximus epigrams, which were only discovered by Brunck
Planudes, and of a commentary by Stephanus him in the year 1777, after he had published his Ana.
self. Its chief faults are the arbitrary alterations lecta. We believe they have never been published ;
in the arrangement of the epigrams, many rash but they were used by Jacobs in his Notes.
conjectural emendations of the text, and the im- 2. After the repeated delay of the promised
perfections of the notes, which, though confessed edition of Salmasius, Lucas Langermannus under-
by Stephanus himself to be brief, contain, on the took, at the instance of Isaac Vossius, a journey
other hand, much irrelevant matter. This work to Rome, for the purpose of making a new collation
stands at the head of wbat may be called the third of the Vatican MS. with the Planudean Anthology ;
family of editions of the Anthology: the first and Fabricius states (Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 440)
comprising that of Lascaris, the first Aldine, and that he saw at Hamburg the copy of the Antho-
the Juntine ; and the second, the second Aldine and logy which contained the MS. notes of Langer-
the Ascensian.
mannus. The whole scheme, however, which seems
11. The Wechelian edition (Francofurti apud to have been formed by Vossius in a spirit of rivalry
Claudium Marnium et Jo. Aubrium, 1600, fol. ) is, to Salmasius, was abandoned on the death of the
in the text, a mere reprint of that of Stephanus, latter in 1653.
with few of its errors corrected, and many new 3. Meanwhile several MS. Copies of the Vatican
ones introduced. It is, howerer, of considerable Codex were made, all of which were founded on
value, as it contains, besides some new Scholia, the collations of Salmasius, Sylburg, and Langer-
and the notes of Opsopoeus and Stephanus, the mann, and all of which were superseded by the
whole of the excellent commentary of Brodaeus. transcript made by the Abbate Joseph Spalletti, in
In spite of its faults, it remained for nearly two 1776. This precious MS. , the excellence of which
centuries, until the publication of Brunck's Ana- is so great that it almost deserves to be called a fac-
lecta, the standard edition of the Greek Anthology. simile rather than a copy, was purchased from the
12. The Commelinian edition, 1604, 4to. (re- heirs of Spalletti by Ernest II. Duke of Gotha
printed at Cologne, 1614), only deserves mention and Altenburg, for the library at Gotha, and
on account of the literal Latin version, by Eilhard formed the basis of Jacobs's edition of the Palatine
Lubinus.
Anthology. Referring the reader to the Prolego
13. The last and most perfect of the editions of mena of Jacobs for an account of the labours of
the Planudean Anthology is that which was com- D'Orville, Jensius, Leich, Reiske, Klotz, and
menced by Hieronymus de Bosch, and finished, Schneider, we proceed to mention those works
after his death, by Jacobus Van Lennep, in 5 vols
. which have superseded all former ones.
4to. Ultraj. 1795, 1797, 1798, 1810, 1822. This
splendid edition (at least as to its outward form)
C. The Editions of Brunck and Jacobs.
is not only useful for those who wish to read the 1. In the years 1772–1776, appeared the Analecta
Greek Anthology in the form in which it was Veterum Poetarum Graecorum. Editore Rich. Fr.
compiled by Planudes, but it is valuable on account Ph. Brunck. Argentorati, 3 vols. 8vo. , which contains
of the large mass of illustrative matter which it the whole of the Greek Anthology, besides some
contains, including the notes of Huet, Sylburg, poems which are not properly included under that
and other scholars; but above all for the metrical title. The epigrams of the Anthology were edited by
Lalin versions of Hugo Grotius, which are esteemed Brunck, from a careful comparison of the Planudean
сс 3
## p. 390 (#406) ############################################
390
PLANUDES.
PLANUDES.
.
Anthology with various copies of the Vatican Codex; }(3) Catalogus Poetarum qui Epigrammata scripse
and they now appeared for the first time revised runt, which contains, not a mere list of names, but
by a scholar competent to the task. Brunck also a full account of each of the writers.
adopted a new arrangement, which certainly has 3. In editing his Anthologia Graeca, Jacobs had
its defects, but yet is invaluable for the student of the full benefit of the Palatine Anthology. Not
the history of Greek literature : discarding alto content with the almost perfect copy of Spalletti
gether the books and chapters of the early Antho-|(the Apographum Gothanum), he availed himself
logy, he placed together all the epigrams of each of the services of Uhden, then Prussian ambassador
poet, and arranged the poets themselves in chro- at Rome, who collated the copy once more with
nological order, placing those epigrams, the authors the original codex in the Vatican. The important
of which were unknown, under the separate head results are to be found in Jacobs's emendations of
of ádéonora. Important as Brunck's edition was Brunck's text, in his corrections of many of Brunck's
when it was published, it is now unnecessary to errors in the assignment of epigrams to wrong
give any further account of it, as it has been en- authors, and in his Appendix of 213 epigrams
tirely superseded by the edition of Jacobs, who from the Vatican MS. which are wanting in the
gives, in his Prolegomena, an elaborate criticism Analecta. In the mean time he formed the design
on the labours of his predecessor, and of the few of rendering to scholarship the great service of
contributions which were made by other scholars printing an exact and complete edition of this cele-
to the emendation or explanation of the Anthology brated Codex. In the preface to his Anthologia
between the publication of Brunck's edition and of Palatina, he gives a most interesting account of his
his own. The Lectiones of Brunck are an indis- labours, and of the principles on which he pro-
pensable supplement to the Analecta.
ceeded. It is enough here to state that he fol.
2. The original plan of Jacobs was only to form lowed the rule (always a good one, but absolutely
a complete commentary on Brunck’s Analecta, but essential where there is only one MS. ), to repre-
the scarceness of copies of that work induced him sent exactly the reading of the MS. , even if it gave
to reprint it, omitting those parts which do not no sense, unless the necessary correction was clear
properly belong to the Greek Anthology, and care beyond all doubt, placing all doubtful and con-
fully re-editing the whole. The result of his jectural emendations in the margin. After the
labours was a work which ranks most deservedly printing of the text was completed, the unlooked-
as the standard edition of the Greek Anthology for restoration of the MS. to the University
It is in 13 vols. 8vo, namely, 4 vols. of the Text, Library at Heidelberg afforded an opportunity
one of Indices, and three of Commentaries, divided for a new collation, which was made by A. J.
into eight parts. The titles and contents are as Paulssen, who has given the results of it in an
follow:-Vols. 1-4. Anthologia Graeca, sive Poe- Appendix to the third volume of Jacobs's Antho-
tarum Graecorum Lusus. Ex Recensione Brunckii. logia Palatina. This work may therefore be con.
Indices et Commentarium adjecit F. Jacobs, Lips. sidered an all but perfect copy of the Palatine
1794, 4 vols. 8vo. ; Vol. 5. Indices in Epigram- Codex, and is therefore invaluable for the critical
mata quae
in Analectis Veterum Poetarum a study of the Anthology. The following is its
Brunckio editis reperiuntur, Auctore F. Jacobs, title:— Anthologia Graeca, ad Fidem Codicis Pala-
Lips. 17. 95, containing (1) an alphabetical index tini, nunc Parisini, ex Apographo Gothano edita.
of the first lines of the epigrams in Brunck's Ana Curavit, Epigrammata in Codice Palatino desiderata
lecta, in the Planudean Anthology, in the Miscel et Annotationem Criticam adjecit, F. Jacobs. Lips.
lanea Lipsiensia, and in the Anthology of Reiske ; 1813–1817, 8vo. ; in 3 vols. , of which the first
(2) An Index to the Planudean Anthology, with two contain the text of the Palatine Anthology,
references to the pages of Stephanus, Wechel, and with an Appendix of Epigrams which are not found
Brunck ; (3) An Index to Klotz's Edition of the in it, including the whole of the fourth and parts
Musa Puerilis of Straton, with references to the of the other books of the Planudean Anthology,
pages of Brunck ; (4) a similar Index to the
Anthologies of Reiske and Jensius ; (5) Geogra- • This is the edition of the Anthology to which
phical Index to the Analecta ; (6) Index of the references in the Dictionary are generally made ;
Proper Names ; (7) Arguments of the Epigrams. but the references are for the most part to the pages
Vols. 6–13. F. Jacobs Animadversiones in Epi- of Brunck, which are given in the margin, and
grammata Anthologiae Graecae secundum ordinem which are those always referred to by Jacobs him-
Analectorum Brunckii, vol. i. partes i. ii. Lips. 1798, self in his Notes and Indices. The practice of
containing the Preface, Prolegomena in quibus writers is diverse on this point, some quoting the
Historia Anthologiae Graecae narratur, and the Analecta, and some the books and numbers of the
Notes to the Epigrams in vol. i. of the Analecta ; | Palatine Anthology. The latter practice has its
vol. ii. partes i. ii. iii. Lips.
1799–1801, containing advantages, especially as Tauchnitz's cheap reprint
the Notes on vol. ii. of the Analecta ; vol. iii. of Jacobs's Anthologia Palatina is probably the
partes i. ii. Lips. 1802-3, containing the Notes on form in which most persons possess the Anthology ;
vol. iii. of the Analecta, p. iii. Lips. 1814, com- but the Anthologia Graeca of Jacobs is so much
pleting the Addenda et Emendanda, and containing the most valuable edition for the scholar, that this
the following Indices: (1) Graecitatis ; (2) Poe- consideration is enough to determine the mode of
turum et capitum in Anthologia ; (3) Verborum reference. It is to be most earnestly hoped that,
quae in Animadv. explicantur ; (4) Rerum in in any future edition of the Anthology, the arrange-
Animadv. illust. ; (5) Scriptorum in Animadv. ment of Brunck will still be preserved, and his
illust. ; with the following most important Appen- pages be given in the margin, and that a great
dices : (1) Paralipomena ex Codice Palatino, or defect of Jacobs's edition will be supplied, namely,
Mantissa Epigrammatum Vaticani Codicis, quae in a comparative index of the pages of Brunck and
Brunckii Analectis desiderantur; (2) Epigram- the chapters and numbers of the Palatine Antha
mata ex Libris editis et Marmoribus collecta ; | logy.
## p. 391 (#407) ############################################
PLANUDES.
391
PLATO.
and Epigrams in the works of ancient authors and Animaulv, in Epigrammata Anth. Gracc. ; Id. Praef.
inscriptions ; the third volume contains the notes, ad Anth. Pal. ; Id. art. Anthologie in Ersch and
which are only critical and not explanatory, the Gruber's Encyclopädie ; Fabricius, Bill. Graec.
indices, and the corrections of Paulssen, under the vol. iv. cap. 32 ; Hoffmann, Lexicon Bibliograph.
following title :-— Apographi Gothani, quemadmo- Script. Gracc. ; Schoell, Geschichte der Griechischen
dum id expressum habemus in Editionis hujus tam Litlerulur, vol. iii. . p. 37; Bernhardy, Grundriss
Textu quam Comm. usque ad sectionem decimam der Griechischen Lilleratur, vol. ii. pp. 1054
quartam cum ipso Codice Palutino diligenter nunc 1066. )
(P. S. )
iterum collati accurata correctio. Edidit, ud jcctis pas- PLATAEA (Trátaia), a daughter of Asopus,
sim observationibus suis palaeographice criticis, Ant. who had a sanctuary at Plataeae (Paus. ix. 1. § 2,
Jac. Paulssen, D. This appendix is preceded by 2. & 5), which according to some derived its name
a Procemium, containing a more exact account of from her, but according to others from the miérn
the Palatine Codex than had previously appeared. TW KWTWv. (Strab. ix. p. 406 ; comp: p. 409,
The series of Greek and Latin authors, printed &c. )
(L. S. )
by Tauchnitz, contains a very inaccurate reprint of PLATO (Idrwv), one of the chief Athenian
the work of Jacobs ; Lips. 1829. 3 vols. 18mo. comic poets of the Old Comedy, was contemporary
with Aristophanes, Phrynichus, Eupolis, and Phe-
d. The Anthology since the Works of Jacobs.
recrates. (Suid. s. v. ) He is erroneously placed by
Immense as were Jacobs's services for the Greek Eusebius (Chron. ) and Syncellus (p. 247, d. ) as
Anthology, much has still been left for his succes- contemporary with Cratinus, at Ol. 81. 3, B. C. 454 ;
sors to accomplish, in the further correction of the whereas, his first exhibition was in Ol. 88, B. C. 427,
text, the investigation of the sources and forms of as we learn from Cyril (adv. Julian. i. p. 13, b. ),
the earlier Anthologies, the more accurate assign- whose testimony is confirmed by the above state.
ment of many epigrams to their right authors, and ment of Suidas, and by the fact that the comedies
the collection of additional epigrams, especially from of Plato evidently partook somewhat of the charac-
recently. discovered inscriptions. The great scho- ter of the Middle Comedy, to which, in fact, some
lars of the day, such as Hermann, Welcker, Mei- of the grammarians assign him. He is mentioned
neke, and others, have not neglected this duty. by Marcellinus (Vit. Thuc. p. xi. Bekker) as con-
The most important contributions are the follow- temporary with Thucydides, who died in Ol. 97. 2,
ing:- Welcker, Sylloge Epigrammutum Graeco B. C. 391 ; but Plato must have lived a few years
rum, ex Marmoribus et Libris collectorum, et illus- longer, as Plutarch quotes from him a passage
trulorum, studio F. T. Welckeri, Bonn. 1828, 8vo. which evidently refers to the appointment of the
with G. Hermann's review in the Ephem. Lit. demagogue Agyrrhius as general of the army of
Lips. 1829, Nos. 148–151, and Welcker's reply, Lesbos in Ol. 97. 3. (Plut. de Repub. gerend.
Abweisung der verunglücklen Conjecturen des Herrn p. 801, b. ) The period, therefore, during which
Prof. Hermann, Bonn, 1829, 8vo. : Cramer, Aneo Plato flourished was from B. C. 428 to at least B. C.
dota, vol. iv. pp. 366-388, Oxon. 1838, with 389.
Meineke's Epim. XIII. to his Analecta Alexan- Of the personal history of Plato nothing more is
drina, Berol 1843, de Anthologiae Graecae Supple-known, except that Suidas tells a story of his being
mento nuper edito: Meineke, Delectus Poetarum so poor that he was obliged to write comedies for
Anthologiae Graecae, cum Adnotatione Critica. other persons (s. v. 'Apkádas uruchuevoi). Suidas
Accedunt Conjectanea Critica de Anthologiae Graecae founds this statement on a passage of the Peisander
Locis controversis, Berol 1843, 8vo. (comp. Zeit- of Plato, in which the poet alludes to his labouring
schrift für Alterthumswissenschaft, 1845, No. 51): for others; but the story of his poverty is plainly
A. Hecker, Comment. Crit. de Anth. Graec. Lugd. nothing more than an arbitrary conjecture, made
Bat. 1843: R. Unger, Beiträge zur Kritik der to explain the passage, the true meaning of which,
Griechischen Anthologie, Neubrandenburg, 1844, no doubt, is that Plato, like Aristophanes, ex-
410. ; besides several other monographs; and an hibited some of his plays in the names of other
extremely important article by G. Weigand, de persons, but was naturally anxious to claim the
Fontibus atque Ordine Anthologiae Cephalanae, in merit of them for himself when they had suc-
the Rheinisches Museum, vol. iii
. pp. 161, seq. 541, ceeded, and that he did so in the Parabasis of the
seq. 1846, with an appendix in vol. v. pp. 276, Peisander, as Aristophanes does in the Parabasis
seq. 1847. There is also an article in the Révue of the Clouds. (See the full discussion of this subject
de Philologie for 1847, vol. ii. No. 4. pp. 305— under PHILONIDES. ) The form in which the article
335, entitled Observations sur l'Anthologie Grecque, 'Apráðas pipoúuevos is given by Arsenius (Violet.
par M. le docteur N. Piccolos. Lastly, a passage ed. Walz, p. 76), completely confirms this inter-
in the preface to Meineke's Delectus intimates that pretation.
he has contemplated an entirely new edition of the Plato ranked among the very best poets of the
Anthology, a work for which he is perhaps better Old Comedy. From the expressions of the gram-
qualified than any other living scholar.
marians, and from the large number of fragments
Of the innumerable chrestomathies and delec- which are preserved, it is evident that his
tuses, the most useful for students is that of plays were only second in popularity to those
Jacobs, in the Bibliotheca Graeca, Delectus Epi- of Aristophanes.
Suidas and other gramma-
grammatum Graec. , quem novo ordine concinnavit et rians speak of him as dauapos töv xapantſpa.
comment. in w. scholar, instruxit F. Jacobs, Gothae, Purity of language, refined sharpness of wit, and
1826, 8vo.
a combination of the vigour of the Old Comedy
Of the numerous translations into the modern with the greater elegance of the Middle and the
European languages, those best worth mentioning New, were his chief characteristics. Though
are the German translations of Herder, in his many his plays had no political reference at all,
Zerstr. Blätter, and of Jacobs, in his Tempe and yet it is evident that he kept up to the spirit of the
Leben und Kunst der Alten (Jacobs, Prolegom. ad ) Old Comedy in his attacks on the corruptions and
сс 4
## p. 392 (#408) ############################################
392
PLATO.
PLATO.
As an
corrupt persons of his age ; for he is charged by PLATO (Tiátwv), the philosopher.
Dio Chrysostom with vituperation (Orat. xxxii.
p. 4, Reiske), a curious charge truly to bring
1. LIFE OP Plato.
against a professed satirist ! Among the chief The spirit of Plato is expressed in his works in
objects of his attacks were the demagogues Cleon, a manner the more lively and personal in propor-
Hyperbolus, Cleophon, and Agyrrhius, the dithy- tion to the intimacy with which art and science
rambic poet Cinesias, the general Leagrus, and the are blended in them. And yet of the history of
orators Cephalus and Archinus ; for, like Aristo his life and education we have only very unsatis-
phanes, he esteemed the art of rhetoric one of factory accounts. He mentions his own name
ihe worst sources of mischief to the common- only twice (Phaedon, p. 59, b.
doubt.
of 1503 is the one meant to be described.
From the time of its first publication, at the end 3. The next edition was the Juntine, 1519,
of the 15th century, down to the discovery of the under the title : Florilegium diversorum Epigram-
Palatinc Anthology in the 17th, the Planudean matum, fic. , as in the Aldine: and at the end,
Anthology was esteemed one of the greatest trea- Impressum Florentiae per heredes Philippi Juntae
sures of antiquity, and was known under the name Florentini. Anno a Virginis nuntio dri. . supra
of The Greek Anthology.
mille. It is a mere reprint of the Aldine, with
Planudes, however, was but ill qualified for the some differences of arrangement, and with more
duties of the editor of such a work. Devoid of misprints.
true poetical taste, he brought to his task the con- 4. Two years later, Aldus himself published a
ceit and rashness of a mere literatus. The dis- second edition : Florilegium, fc. Solerti nuper
covery of the Palatine Anthology soon taught repurgatum cura. MDXXI. 8vo. The title-page
scholars how much they had over-estimated the goes on to state that the errors of the former edi-
worth of the Anthology of Planudes. On com- tion were corrected in this : but the fact is that
paring the two collections, it is manifest that this is a still more inaccurate reprint of the former
Planudes was not only guilty of the necessary edition, with few variations, especially the re-
carelessness of a mere compiler, but also of the ception into the text of some very bad various
wilful faults of a conceited monk, tampering with readings from the Appendix to the first edition.
words, “expurgating" whole couplets and epi- 5. The edition of Badius or the Ascensian,
grams, and interpolating his own frigid verses. Paris, 1531, 8vo. , is an inaccurate reprint of the
He reaped the reward which often crowns the second Aldine. It is very scarce.
labours of bad editors who undertake great works. 6. A few years later, the first attempt at a
The pretensions of his compilation ensured its commentary on the Anthology was made by Vin-
general acceptance, and prevented, not only the centius Opsopoeus, in his work entitled : In Grae-
execution of a better work, which in that age corum Epigrummatum Libros quatuor Annotutiones
could scarcely be hoped for, but, what was far. longe doctissimae quam primum in lucem editae.
more important, the multiplication of copies of Vincentio Opsopoeo Auctore. Cum Indice. Busil.
the more ancient Anthologies ; and thus modern 1540, 4to. Its value is very small.
scholars are reduced to one MS. of the Anthology 7. A much better commentary accompanied the
of Cephalas, which, excellent as it is, leaves many edition of Brodaeus: Epigrammatum Gruecorum
hopeless difficulties for the critic.
Libri VII. annotationibus Jounni Brodaei Turo-
nensis illustrati, quibus additus est in calce operis
EDITIONS OF THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. rerum ac vocum explicatarum Index. Basil. 1549,
fol.
& The Anthology of Maximus Planudes.
8. A very accurate reprint of the second Aldine
1. There are several codices of the Planudean edition, with new Indices, appeared at Venice,
Anthology (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. pp. 430- | ap. Petrum et Jo. Mariam Nicolenses Sabienses,
а
## p. 389 (#405) ############################################
PLANUDES.
389
PLANUDES.
1550. 8vo. It is extremely rare : Jacobs even | by far the best of his productions in that depart-
states in his Prolegomena that he had not seen it: ment of scholarship, and which have never been
Brunck, however, used a copy of it.
printed except in this edition. The Greek text,
9. About the same time the third Alline edition however, is only a reprint of the Wechelian edition,
was printed by the sons of Aldus, Venet. 1550— with many of its worst errors uncorrected.
1551, 8vo. It is the fullest, and the most sought It is now necessary to go back to the period
after of the Aldine editions, but not the best. when the discovery of the Palatine Codex placed
Though some of the errors of the second Aldine the Greek Anthology in an entirely new light.
edition are corrected, those of the first are generally
retained, and a new source of the worst sort of
1. Elitions of the Palatine Anthology.
errors is supplied by numerous conjectural emen- It is a curious fact that, for more than two
dations. The additions are very trilling. Stepha- hundred years from the discovery of the Palatine
nus calls the edition rich in nothing but faults, of Anthology by Salmasius, every project for publish-
which, he says, there are many thousands. ing a complete edition of it was left unfinished, and
10. The next and the best known of the old this important service to literature was only per-
editions is that of H. Stephanus, 1566 : 'Avoologla formed about thirty years ago, by the late Frederick
διαφόρων επιγραμμάτων παλαιών είς επτά βιβλία | Jacobs.
Seppnuévn. Florilegium diversorum epigrammatum 1. Salmasius, as might naturally be expected
veterum, in seplem libros divisum, magno epigramma- from the discoverer of such a treasure, continued
tum numero et duobus indicibus auctum. Anno to devote the utmost attention to the Anthology,
M. D. LXVI. Excudebat Henricus Stephanus, 4to. so that, his biographer tells us, he scarcely spent a
The distich which Stephanus inscribed on his title- day without reading and making notes upon it.
page,
By other avocations, however, and by quarrels
" Pristinus a mendis fuerat lepor ante fugatus :
with the Leyden printers, who refused to publish
Nunc profugae mendae, nunc lepor ille redit," the Greek text without a Latin version, and with
Valesius, who would not assist in the labour except
gives a higher estimate of the value of his labours on the condition of having his own name prefixed
than modern critics bave been able to assign to to the work, Salmasius was prevented from com-
them. Its excellencies consist in the addition of pleting his intended edition. He left behind him,
a large number of epigrams, not contained in any however, a large mass of notes and of unedited
of the former editions, of the Scholia of Maximus epigrams, which were only discovered by Brunck
Planudes, and of a commentary by Stephanus him in the year 1777, after he had published his Ana.
self. Its chief faults are the arbitrary alterations lecta. We believe they have never been published ;
in the arrangement of the epigrams, many rash but they were used by Jacobs in his Notes.
conjectural emendations of the text, and the im- 2. After the repeated delay of the promised
perfections of the notes, which, though confessed edition of Salmasius, Lucas Langermannus under-
by Stephanus himself to be brief, contain, on the took, at the instance of Isaac Vossius, a journey
other hand, much irrelevant matter. This work to Rome, for the purpose of making a new collation
stands at the head of wbat may be called the third of the Vatican MS. with the Planudean Anthology ;
family of editions of the Anthology: the first and Fabricius states (Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 440)
comprising that of Lascaris, the first Aldine, and that he saw at Hamburg the copy of the Antho-
the Juntine ; and the second, the second Aldine and logy which contained the MS. notes of Langer-
the Ascensian.
mannus. The whole scheme, however, which seems
11. The Wechelian edition (Francofurti apud to have been formed by Vossius in a spirit of rivalry
Claudium Marnium et Jo. Aubrium, 1600, fol. ) is, to Salmasius, was abandoned on the death of the
in the text, a mere reprint of that of Stephanus, latter in 1653.
with few of its errors corrected, and many new 3. Meanwhile several MS. Copies of the Vatican
ones introduced. It is, howerer, of considerable Codex were made, all of which were founded on
value, as it contains, besides some new Scholia, the collations of Salmasius, Sylburg, and Langer-
and the notes of Opsopoeus and Stephanus, the mann, and all of which were superseded by the
whole of the excellent commentary of Brodaeus. transcript made by the Abbate Joseph Spalletti, in
In spite of its faults, it remained for nearly two 1776. This precious MS. , the excellence of which
centuries, until the publication of Brunck's Ana- is so great that it almost deserves to be called a fac-
lecta, the standard edition of the Greek Anthology. simile rather than a copy, was purchased from the
12. The Commelinian edition, 1604, 4to. (re- heirs of Spalletti by Ernest II. Duke of Gotha
printed at Cologne, 1614), only deserves mention and Altenburg, for the library at Gotha, and
on account of the literal Latin version, by Eilhard formed the basis of Jacobs's edition of the Palatine
Lubinus.
Anthology. Referring the reader to the Prolego
13. The last and most perfect of the editions of mena of Jacobs for an account of the labours of
the Planudean Anthology is that which was com- D'Orville, Jensius, Leich, Reiske, Klotz, and
menced by Hieronymus de Bosch, and finished, Schneider, we proceed to mention those works
after his death, by Jacobus Van Lennep, in 5 vols
. which have superseded all former ones.
4to. Ultraj. 1795, 1797, 1798, 1810, 1822. This
splendid edition (at least as to its outward form)
C. The Editions of Brunck and Jacobs.
is not only useful for those who wish to read the 1. In the years 1772–1776, appeared the Analecta
Greek Anthology in the form in which it was Veterum Poetarum Graecorum. Editore Rich. Fr.
compiled by Planudes, but it is valuable on account Ph. Brunck. Argentorati, 3 vols. 8vo. , which contains
of the large mass of illustrative matter which it the whole of the Greek Anthology, besides some
contains, including the notes of Huet, Sylburg, poems which are not properly included under that
and other scholars; but above all for the metrical title. The epigrams of the Anthology were edited by
Lalin versions of Hugo Grotius, which are esteemed Brunck, from a careful comparison of the Planudean
сс 3
## p. 390 (#406) ############################################
390
PLANUDES.
PLANUDES.
.
Anthology with various copies of the Vatican Codex; }(3) Catalogus Poetarum qui Epigrammata scripse
and they now appeared for the first time revised runt, which contains, not a mere list of names, but
by a scholar competent to the task. Brunck also a full account of each of the writers.
adopted a new arrangement, which certainly has 3. In editing his Anthologia Graeca, Jacobs had
its defects, but yet is invaluable for the student of the full benefit of the Palatine Anthology. Not
the history of Greek literature : discarding alto content with the almost perfect copy of Spalletti
gether the books and chapters of the early Antho-|(the Apographum Gothanum), he availed himself
logy, he placed together all the epigrams of each of the services of Uhden, then Prussian ambassador
poet, and arranged the poets themselves in chro- at Rome, who collated the copy once more with
nological order, placing those epigrams, the authors the original codex in the Vatican. The important
of which were unknown, under the separate head results are to be found in Jacobs's emendations of
of ádéonora. Important as Brunck's edition was Brunck's text, in his corrections of many of Brunck's
when it was published, it is now unnecessary to errors in the assignment of epigrams to wrong
give any further account of it, as it has been en- authors, and in his Appendix of 213 epigrams
tirely superseded by the edition of Jacobs, who from the Vatican MS. which are wanting in the
gives, in his Prolegomena, an elaborate criticism Analecta. In the mean time he formed the design
on the labours of his predecessor, and of the few of rendering to scholarship the great service of
contributions which were made by other scholars printing an exact and complete edition of this cele-
to the emendation or explanation of the Anthology brated Codex. In the preface to his Anthologia
between the publication of Brunck's edition and of Palatina, he gives a most interesting account of his
his own. The Lectiones of Brunck are an indis- labours, and of the principles on which he pro-
pensable supplement to the Analecta.
ceeded. It is enough here to state that he fol.
2. The original plan of Jacobs was only to form lowed the rule (always a good one, but absolutely
a complete commentary on Brunck’s Analecta, but essential where there is only one MS. ), to repre-
the scarceness of copies of that work induced him sent exactly the reading of the MS. , even if it gave
to reprint it, omitting those parts which do not no sense, unless the necessary correction was clear
properly belong to the Greek Anthology, and care beyond all doubt, placing all doubtful and con-
fully re-editing the whole. The result of his jectural emendations in the margin. After the
labours was a work which ranks most deservedly printing of the text was completed, the unlooked-
as the standard edition of the Greek Anthology for restoration of the MS. to the University
It is in 13 vols. 8vo, namely, 4 vols. of the Text, Library at Heidelberg afforded an opportunity
one of Indices, and three of Commentaries, divided for a new collation, which was made by A. J.
into eight parts. The titles and contents are as Paulssen, who has given the results of it in an
follow:-Vols. 1-4. Anthologia Graeca, sive Poe- Appendix to the third volume of Jacobs's Antho-
tarum Graecorum Lusus. Ex Recensione Brunckii. logia Palatina. This work may therefore be con.
Indices et Commentarium adjecit F. Jacobs, Lips. sidered an all but perfect copy of the Palatine
1794, 4 vols. 8vo. ; Vol. 5. Indices in Epigram- Codex, and is therefore invaluable for the critical
mata quae
in Analectis Veterum Poetarum a study of the Anthology. The following is its
Brunckio editis reperiuntur, Auctore F. Jacobs, title:— Anthologia Graeca, ad Fidem Codicis Pala-
Lips. 17. 95, containing (1) an alphabetical index tini, nunc Parisini, ex Apographo Gothano edita.
of the first lines of the epigrams in Brunck's Ana Curavit, Epigrammata in Codice Palatino desiderata
lecta, in the Planudean Anthology, in the Miscel et Annotationem Criticam adjecit, F. Jacobs. Lips.
lanea Lipsiensia, and in the Anthology of Reiske ; 1813–1817, 8vo. ; in 3 vols. , of which the first
(2) An Index to the Planudean Anthology, with two contain the text of the Palatine Anthology,
references to the pages of Stephanus, Wechel, and with an Appendix of Epigrams which are not found
Brunck ; (3) An Index to Klotz's Edition of the in it, including the whole of the fourth and parts
Musa Puerilis of Straton, with references to the of the other books of the Planudean Anthology,
pages of Brunck ; (4) a similar Index to the
Anthologies of Reiske and Jensius ; (5) Geogra- • This is the edition of the Anthology to which
phical Index to the Analecta ; (6) Index of the references in the Dictionary are generally made ;
Proper Names ; (7) Arguments of the Epigrams. but the references are for the most part to the pages
Vols. 6–13. F. Jacobs Animadversiones in Epi- of Brunck, which are given in the margin, and
grammata Anthologiae Graecae secundum ordinem which are those always referred to by Jacobs him-
Analectorum Brunckii, vol. i. partes i. ii. Lips. 1798, self in his Notes and Indices. The practice of
containing the Preface, Prolegomena in quibus writers is diverse on this point, some quoting the
Historia Anthologiae Graecae narratur, and the Analecta, and some the books and numbers of the
Notes to the Epigrams in vol. i. of the Analecta ; | Palatine Anthology. The latter practice has its
vol. ii. partes i. ii. iii. Lips.
1799–1801, containing advantages, especially as Tauchnitz's cheap reprint
the Notes on vol. ii. of the Analecta ; vol. iii. of Jacobs's Anthologia Palatina is probably the
partes i. ii. Lips. 1802-3, containing the Notes on form in which most persons possess the Anthology ;
vol. iii. of the Analecta, p. iii. Lips. 1814, com- but the Anthologia Graeca of Jacobs is so much
pleting the Addenda et Emendanda, and containing the most valuable edition for the scholar, that this
the following Indices: (1) Graecitatis ; (2) Poe- consideration is enough to determine the mode of
turum et capitum in Anthologia ; (3) Verborum reference. It is to be most earnestly hoped that,
quae in Animadv. explicantur ; (4) Rerum in in any future edition of the Anthology, the arrange-
Animadv. illust. ; (5) Scriptorum in Animadv. ment of Brunck will still be preserved, and his
illust. ; with the following most important Appen- pages be given in the margin, and that a great
dices : (1) Paralipomena ex Codice Palatino, or defect of Jacobs's edition will be supplied, namely,
Mantissa Epigrammatum Vaticani Codicis, quae in a comparative index of the pages of Brunck and
Brunckii Analectis desiderantur; (2) Epigram- the chapters and numbers of the Palatine Antha
mata ex Libris editis et Marmoribus collecta ; | logy.
## p. 391 (#407) ############################################
PLANUDES.
391
PLATO.
and Epigrams in the works of ancient authors and Animaulv, in Epigrammata Anth. Gracc. ; Id. Praef.
inscriptions ; the third volume contains the notes, ad Anth. Pal. ; Id. art. Anthologie in Ersch and
which are only critical and not explanatory, the Gruber's Encyclopädie ; Fabricius, Bill. Graec.
indices, and the corrections of Paulssen, under the vol. iv. cap. 32 ; Hoffmann, Lexicon Bibliograph.
following title :-— Apographi Gothani, quemadmo- Script. Gracc. ; Schoell, Geschichte der Griechischen
dum id expressum habemus in Editionis hujus tam Litlerulur, vol. iii. . p. 37; Bernhardy, Grundriss
Textu quam Comm. usque ad sectionem decimam der Griechischen Lilleratur, vol. ii. pp. 1054
quartam cum ipso Codice Palutino diligenter nunc 1066. )
(P. S. )
iterum collati accurata correctio. Edidit, ud jcctis pas- PLATAEA (Trátaia), a daughter of Asopus,
sim observationibus suis palaeographice criticis, Ant. who had a sanctuary at Plataeae (Paus. ix. 1. § 2,
Jac. Paulssen, D. This appendix is preceded by 2. & 5), which according to some derived its name
a Procemium, containing a more exact account of from her, but according to others from the miérn
the Palatine Codex than had previously appeared. TW KWTWv. (Strab. ix. p. 406 ; comp: p. 409,
The series of Greek and Latin authors, printed &c. )
(L. S. )
by Tauchnitz, contains a very inaccurate reprint of PLATO (Idrwv), one of the chief Athenian
the work of Jacobs ; Lips. 1829. 3 vols. 18mo. comic poets of the Old Comedy, was contemporary
with Aristophanes, Phrynichus, Eupolis, and Phe-
d. The Anthology since the Works of Jacobs.
recrates. (Suid. s. v. ) He is erroneously placed by
Immense as were Jacobs's services for the Greek Eusebius (Chron. ) and Syncellus (p. 247, d. ) as
Anthology, much has still been left for his succes- contemporary with Cratinus, at Ol. 81. 3, B. C. 454 ;
sors to accomplish, in the further correction of the whereas, his first exhibition was in Ol. 88, B. C. 427,
text, the investigation of the sources and forms of as we learn from Cyril (adv. Julian. i. p. 13, b. ),
the earlier Anthologies, the more accurate assign- whose testimony is confirmed by the above state.
ment of many epigrams to their right authors, and ment of Suidas, and by the fact that the comedies
the collection of additional epigrams, especially from of Plato evidently partook somewhat of the charac-
recently. discovered inscriptions. The great scho- ter of the Middle Comedy, to which, in fact, some
lars of the day, such as Hermann, Welcker, Mei- of the grammarians assign him. He is mentioned
neke, and others, have not neglected this duty. by Marcellinus (Vit. Thuc. p. xi. Bekker) as con-
The most important contributions are the follow- temporary with Thucydides, who died in Ol. 97. 2,
ing:- Welcker, Sylloge Epigrammutum Graeco B. C. 391 ; but Plato must have lived a few years
rum, ex Marmoribus et Libris collectorum, et illus- longer, as Plutarch quotes from him a passage
trulorum, studio F. T. Welckeri, Bonn. 1828, 8vo. which evidently refers to the appointment of the
with G. Hermann's review in the Ephem. Lit. demagogue Agyrrhius as general of the army of
Lips. 1829, Nos. 148–151, and Welcker's reply, Lesbos in Ol. 97. 3. (Plut. de Repub. gerend.
Abweisung der verunglücklen Conjecturen des Herrn p. 801, b. ) The period, therefore, during which
Prof. Hermann, Bonn, 1829, 8vo. : Cramer, Aneo Plato flourished was from B. C. 428 to at least B. C.
dota, vol. iv. pp. 366-388, Oxon. 1838, with 389.
Meineke's Epim. XIII. to his Analecta Alexan- Of the personal history of Plato nothing more is
drina, Berol 1843, de Anthologiae Graecae Supple-known, except that Suidas tells a story of his being
mento nuper edito: Meineke, Delectus Poetarum so poor that he was obliged to write comedies for
Anthologiae Graecae, cum Adnotatione Critica. other persons (s. v. 'Apkádas uruchuevoi). Suidas
Accedunt Conjectanea Critica de Anthologiae Graecae founds this statement on a passage of the Peisander
Locis controversis, Berol 1843, 8vo. (comp. Zeit- of Plato, in which the poet alludes to his labouring
schrift für Alterthumswissenschaft, 1845, No. 51): for others; but the story of his poverty is plainly
A. Hecker, Comment. Crit. de Anth. Graec. Lugd. nothing more than an arbitrary conjecture, made
Bat. 1843: R. Unger, Beiträge zur Kritik der to explain the passage, the true meaning of which,
Griechischen Anthologie, Neubrandenburg, 1844, no doubt, is that Plato, like Aristophanes, ex-
410. ; besides several other monographs; and an hibited some of his plays in the names of other
extremely important article by G. Weigand, de persons, but was naturally anxious to claim the
Fontibus atque Ordine Anthologiae Cephalanae, in merit of them for himself when they had suc-
the Rheinisches Museum, vol. iii
. pp. 161, seq. 541, ceeded, and that he did so in the Parabasis of the
seq. 1846, with an appendix in vol. v. pp. 276, Peisander, as Aristophanes does in the Parabasis
seq. 1847. There is also an article in the Révue of the Clouds. (See the full discussion of this subject
de Philologie for 1847, vol. ii. No. 4. pp. 305— under PHILONIDES. ) The form in which the article
335, entitled Observations sur l'Anthologie Grecque, 'Apráðas pipoúuevos is given by Arsenius (Violet.
par M. le docteur N. Piccolos. Lastly, a passage ed. Walz, p. 76), completely confirms this inter-
in the preface to Meineke's Delectus intimates that pretation.
he has contemplated an entirely new edition of the Plato ranked among the very best poets of the
Anthology, a work for which he is perhaps better Old Comedy. From the expressions of the gram-
qualified than any other living scholar.
marians, and from the large number of fragments
Of the innumerable chrestomathies and delec- which are preserved, it is evident that his
tuses, the most useful for students is that of plays were only second in popularity to those
Jacobs, in the Bibliotheca Graeca, Delectus Epi- of Aristophanes.
Suidas and other gramma-
grammatum Graec. , quem novo ordine concinnavit et rians speak of him as dauapos töv xapantſpa.
comment. in w. scholar, instruxit F. Jacobs, Gothae, Purity of language, refined sharpness of wit, and
1826, 8vo.
a combination of the vigour of the Old Comedy
Of the numerous translations into the modern with the greater elegance of the Middle and the
European languages, those best worth mentioning New, were his chief characteristics. Though
are the German translations of Herder, in his many his plays had no political reference at all,
Zerstr. Blätter, and of Jacobs, in his Tempe and yet it is evident that he kept up to the spirit of the
Leben und Kunst der Alten (Jacobs, Prolegom. ad ) Old Comedy in his attacks on the corruptions and
сс 4
## p. 392 (#408) ############################################
392
PLATO.
PLATO.
As an
corrupt persons of his age ; for he is charged by PLATO (Tiátwv), the philosopher.
Dio Chrysostom with vituperation (Orat. xxxii.
p. 4, Reiske), a curious charge truly to bring
1. LIFE OP Plato.
against a professed satirist ! Among the chief The spirit of Plato is expressed in his works in
objects of his attacks were the demagogues Cleon, a manner the more lively and personal in propor-
Hyperbolus, Cleophon, and Agyrrhius, the dithy- tion to the intimacy with which art and science
rambic poet Cinesias, the general Leagrus, and the are blended in them. And yet of the history of
orators Cephalus and Archinus ; for, like Aristo his life and education we have only very unsatis-
phanes, he esteemed the art of rhetoric one of factory accounts. He mentions his own name
ihe worst sources of mischief to the common- only twice (Phaedon, p. 59, b.
