* This family has
branched
out into almost endless
variety, the species of which are so well known as hardly to need
description.
variety, the species of which are so well known as hardly to need
description.
Childrens - The Creation
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THE CREATION.
that the bird to which these remains belonged, was greater than the
ostrich.
The traditional accounts of the natives of the Mauritius, and the
journals of voyagers, concur in stating, that the Dodo was a bird of
great size, and excellent for food; though, in this last particular, some
of them differ.
SEVENTH ORDER. --PASSERES.
SIXTEEN GENERA. --MANY SPECIES.
Comprising the Thrush, Blackbird, Robin, Sparrow, Fieldfare, Grosbeak, and many
others.
Though this is the least family of the birds of the air, yet is it by
far the most interesting. It is to it that we are indebted for " the
melody of the groves;"--for the blackbird, the thrush, and thousands
of other birds of this family, wake up the morning with the sprightli-
ness of their song; and as the evening shades set in, the pensive
solitary whistle here or there, is in keeping with the quiet calmness of
the time; and when all is hushed and still, how beautiful is the song
of the nightingale to her mate, cheering " the live-long night;" and
though our gardens and orchards may suffer from some of this family,
yet, as has been found, we should suffer far more from their absence;
for fly-catchers and insect and worm-destroyers are of more value to
us than we generally are aware of. This family we will consider in
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their great divisions. First, those that feed on insects; as the
Thrush, Blackbird, Fly-catcher, &c. Second, those that feed on
grain and fruit; as the Lark, Finches, Bunting, Starling, &c. Third,
those that take their prey flying; as the Swallow, Swift, Goat-
Sucker, &c.
The Thrush. This most delightful songster of our groves is well-
known ; and one never regrets seeing it, except when perched up in a
large basket-cage, with its note dull compared to that sung in freedom.
If birds can be so tamed as to prefer captivity, all is well; but then
the cage door should be opened, to give a reality to the thought. Our
own country affords several species of this family; the two principal
are the Song Thrush and the Misseltoe-bird. The latter is by far the
largest of the two; and has the inner feathers of its wings yellow.
In France the thrush is a bird of passage. The food of this bird is
principally insects and berries. It sings generally on the loftiest
spray of some high tree.
The Blackbird. The plumage of the male bird is a jet black, and
that of the female a dark russet. The note of the blackbird is the
loudest of the wood; and in the distance is beautiful. In the Alps
there is a species that from its colour should be called the White-bird,
its plumage being purely white.
The Redwing. This is a species of Thrush; but the plumage under
the wings is of an orange or dusky red. The red-wing, moreover,
is migratory, and coracsto us about Michaelmas, and leaves in March.
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THE CREATION.
The Fieldfare. This bird is larger than the common thrush, and
generally goes in flocks. The redwing and fieldfare migrate in
company.
The Fly-catcher. This is a sportive little bird, about five inches long.
The head is large, and spotted with black; wings and tail are dusky;
the belly is white. It is a bird of passage, and comes to us in the
Spring, and leaves in September. As its name implies, it feeds on
flies; and this accounts for its migration.
The Lark. This bird belongs to the second division of our family;
and may hardly give place even to the nightingale for the melody of
its song. How often have we watched it together, ascending higher
and higher, until it was scarcely visible; and then marked its delight
as it descended to its loved partner and offspring. How cruel the sport
to invade such domestic happiness! I believe some parents are little
aware how birds'-nesting, as it is called, hardens and debases the
minds of their children. Cruelty to animals is almost invariably either
the forerunner or companion of cruelty to man.
The Cardinal Grosbeak. This American bird is also called the
"Red bird," and the "Virginian Nightingale. " With the most
brilliant plumage, as its name implies, it unites the sweetest song,
emidating, it is said, the nightingale. This bird frequents the cedar
groves of Bermuda, and looks exceedingly rich, darting among the
trees. It is many years since I heard their note, but I never thought
it, however melodious, to reach the song of our native nightingale.
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The Black Cap. The crown of the head of this little bird is quite
black. This circumstance gave it its appropriate name. It is a bird
of sweet song; so much so, that in Norfolk they call it " the mock
nightingale. "
The Robin Red Breast. This little winter friend gives us song, when
almost all the choir of the woods is silent; and though he is not pro-
tected, as the stork in Holland, by Act of Parliament; yet a sort of
common law seems to pervade all ranks, so that it is high treason
against the feelings of humanity to hurt him. I remember this even
at school: if any boy hurt a red-breast, there was always a host to
take poor Robin's part. He comes to our windows, and never wants a
friend to provide crumbs for him. The robin seems fond of the
haunts of man; and he in return gives him his protection, without
imprisonment.
The Golden-crested Wren. This is the smallest of our English
birds, weighing not more than twenty-six grains. It has a scarlet
mark on its head, surrounded by a yellow rim. It frequents our
woods, and may be called, from its size and beauty, " the English
Humming Bird. "
The Wheat-ear is only a visitor to our shores, but it stays the early
Spring, Summer, and part of Autumn. Its plumage is of a bluish
grey, and the belly part a yellowish white, tinged with red; the legs,
black. It abounds in Sussex.
The Sparrow. This little friendly bird gives the name to this
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? 2. 30
THE CREATION.
order:--" Passern, the Sparrows. " It has very little fear of man;
and has neither song nor beauty of plumage, and yet its cheerful
chirp on the spray is not without its charm; and though it is a
robber of our gardens, yet it also takes away many of our enemies.
Therefore, whilst we may not bestow the same regard on the sparrow
as on the red-breast, yet we will not despise him, but give him a
few crumbs, when he comes to our doors in the winter's morning:.
It is, my beloved children, such a joyful thing to love to give happi-
ness, even to the least of the irrational creation; and never should
God's children forget (and O that you may be numbered among
them) the double import of our Lord's words, " Are not two sparrows
sold for one farthing, and not one of them shall fall to the ground
without your Father. But the very hairs of your head are all
numbered. Fear ye not, therefore; ye are of more value than
many sparrows. " (Matt. x. 29--31. ) Often, when looking on this
cheerful little bird, does this most beautiful scripture come to my
mind.
The Swallow. This is the third division of this order. Four
species are natives of England; though all of them leave us in
September and October. 1. The House Swallow; 2. the Martin;
3. the Sand Martin; 4. the Swift: to these may be added the
Esculent Swallow; the nests of which bird are imported into China,
to the number of four millions annually; the current price of which
is the weight of the nest in silver.
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? LETTER IX.
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The Home Swallow. This species is distinguished by the extreme
forkedness of its tail, and a reddish spot on its forehead. It builds
its nest within the tops of chimneys, and sometimes breeds twice a
year. The common swallow is the harbinger or forerunner of the
whole family; arriving about twenty days before them.
The Martin. This bird is not so large as the swallow, and its
tail is less forked. It builds under the eaves of houses, where the
family dwell as in a fortress: a small aperture just admits the parent
birds to feed their young, and when fledged, they supply them on
the wing, until they can provide for themselves.
The Sand Martin. This species builds its nest, as its name implies,
by the sides of banks, perforating the sand. It is the hist of the
swallow tribe that comes to us, always waiting until the season has
fully set in.
The Swift. This beautiful bird derives its name from its velocity
on the wing. The horse has been known once, for a few seconds,
to go at the rate of a mile in a minute; but the swift travels more
than four times this rate, reaching, with its swiftest wing, 250 miles an
hour. This bird hardly ever rests, excepting during the night, and
while on its nest. Directly the cold sets in, the swift migrates, even
weeks before its companions.
The Esculent or Java Swallow. This interesting little bird is prin-
cipally known in the Indian Archipelago--that amazing cluster of
islands on the Eastern shores of Asia; but it abounds in the island
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THE CREATION.
of Java; and from thence it takes its name. In shape it resembles
our swallow, though less in size. Its plumage is a dark grey, with
the belly white. It is very swift on the wing; but what gives it the
greatest interest is the singular character of its nest. Sir George
Staunton, in his voyage to China, where he was going as English
ambassador, touched at Sumatra, and gives the following most
interesting account of his visit: " In the Cass--a small island near
Sumatra--we found the caverns running horizontally into the side
of the rock. In these were a number of those birds' nests so much
prized by the Chinese epicures. They seemed to be composed of
fine filaments, connected together by a transparent viscous matter,
not unlike what is left by the foam of the sea upon stones, alternately
covered by the tide; or those gelatinous animal substances found
floating on every coast. The nests adhere to each other, and to the
sides of the caverns, mostly in horizontal rows, without any break
or interruption, and at different depths, from 50 to 500 feet. "
Various are the opinions how these wonderful little architects carry
on their work; but the most satisfactory is, that the bird first
partakes of the sea scum above mentioned; and from it, by a
chemical process, which goes on in its inside, it produces a fine
mucilage, which it can draw up at pleasure; and thus by a wonder-
ful instinct it prepares its house from its own body, even as the
spider does his beautiful web, and the silk-worm its costly covering;
and should this little builder have his house in the interior of the
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? LETTER IX.
233
island, this presents no difficulty; for he flies with so swift a wing,
that a short hour would take him from any part of Java to the sea
side, when he might lay in a good store, and at his home prepare
his strange material for building. It seems almost incredible, that
some thousands of tons of shipping are employed to carry these nests
to the Chinese markets, to the enormous annual value of 290,000/.
The fine filaments which compose these nests, are something the
consistency of isinglass; and the Chinese are passionately fond of
them, and dissolve them in their soups, &c.
The Goat Sucker. This bird is of the Swallow family, though
larger. It does not stay long in England, coming late and leaving
early. The ancients had an idea that it sucked the goat, and thus
gave it its ungainly name; but the accusation was quite unjust.
EIGHTH ORDER. --COLUMB. E.
TWO GENERA. --SEVERAL SPECIES.
This order is confined to the Dove and Pigeon; and comprises
principally, the Stock Dove, the Pigeon, the Ring Dove, and the
Turtle Dove.
The Stock Dove. From this source have sprung all the varieties of
the pigeon, which are now so numerous. It builds either in the holes
of rocks, or in the hollow of trees.
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? 234
THE CREATIOK.
The Pigeon.
* This family has branched out into almost endless
variety, the species of which are so well known as hardly to need
description.
The domestic pigeon is wonderfully prolific, for though it lays only
two eggs, yet it breeds every month; and so rapid is the growth of
the young, that it is calculated in four years a single pair will
produce upwards of one hundred thousand. It is not a very un-
common thing to see two families in the same nest; one just bora,
the other ready for flight.
The Ring Dove. A beautiful ring round the neck of this
lovely bird gives it its name. It is the largest of this family
known in our country. They generally fly in flocks, and subsist
on berries. You sometimes see them in cages, but they look
miserable.
The Turtle Dove. This bird is called the pattern of fidelity,
love, and simplicity; and naturalists say, that its attachment to
its mate is such, that if the hawk or kite seizes on one, the
other pines away and dies. You remember how sweetly Cowper
alludes to this in his stanzas on the dove. I quote a few verses
of it:--
" When lightnings flash among the trees,
Or kites are hovering near;
I fear lest thee alone they seize,
And know no other fear.
? See Appendix.
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? LETTER IX.
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" Tis then I feel myself a wife,
And press thy wedded side,
Resolved an union formed for life,
Death only shall divide.
" But oh, if fickle and unchaste,
(Forgive a transient thought,)
Thou couldst become unkind at last,
And scorn thy present lot;
" No need of lightnings from on high,
Or kites with cruel beak,
Denied th' endearments of thine eye,
This widowed heart would break. "
Yes, my beloved children, we may go daily to one part of creation
or another, and get lessons of wisdom. Industry from the ant, (Prov.
xxx. 25;) watchfulness of times from the stork, and crane, and
swallow, (Jer. viii. 7;) and faithfulness from the dove, (Canticles ii.
12--14. )
And now I must conclude this long letter. We have seen the
great sea, wherein are things innumerable. We have watched the
birds of heaven, with their habitations, by the springs and fountains
of waters, and their song among the branches, (Psalm civ. 17--25. )
We have witnessed both elements--the air and the water--sub-
servient to man; and surely the song of the child of God must be,--
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THE CREATION.
" Bless the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless His holy
name. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits: who
forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases: who
crowneth thee with loving-kindness and tender mercies. " (Psalm ciii.
1--4. ) That each of you, my beloved children, may be found,
with Daniel, standing in your lot in the end of your days, is the
sincere prayer of
Your ever affectionate Father.
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? THE CREATION.
237
LETTER X.
" AS AN EAGLE STIRRETH UP HER NEST, FLUTTERETH OVER HER YOUNG, SPREADETH
ABROAD HER WINGS, TAKETH THEM, BEARETH THEM ON HER WINGS : SO THE
LORD ALONE DID LEAD HIM, AND THERE WAS NO STRANGE GOD WITH HIM. "--
Deuteronomy xxxii. 11--12.
My dear Children,
I have often remarked to you, when reading the New Testament,
that our blessed Lord almost invariably instructed his disciples, and
the multitude at large, from the circumstances of every day life. It
was not in difficult words, and abstract reasoning; but in the very
plainest language, that he spoke to them; the heart and the conscience,
as well as the understanding, was what he ever appealed to. He
never answered curious inquiries, though he replied to the inquirers;
but this was to direct their eye to one thing alone--their own
salvation. All bore on this, for both by word, as well as by the
sacrifice of the cross, he continually set forth the all-important truth,
that he came to seek and to save that which was lost. Thus, when
the disciples came to him with the inquiry, " Who is the greatest in
the kingdom of heaven? " he took a little child unto him, and set him
in the midst of them, and whilst their eyes, doubtless, were fixed upon
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THE CREATION.
it, he said, " Verily I say unto you, except ye be converted, and
become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of
heaven," (Matt. xviii. 3. ) And again, when one came to him with the
word, "Lord, are there few that be saved? " how full of mercy the
reply, "K Strive to enter in at the strait gate; for many, I say unto
you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able. When once the master
of the house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye begin to
stand without, and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, Lord, open to
us; and he shall answer and say unto you, I know not whence ye are. "
(Luke xiii. 24, 25,) So, in like manner, when some one told the Lord
of a cruel act that had just taken place; and that Pilate, while the
Galileans had been sacrificing, had slain some of them, and mingled
their blood with the blood of the sacrifice; how striking was his
reply: " Think ye that these Galileans were sinners above all the
Galileans? I tell you nay; but except ye repent ye shall all likewise
perisli," (Luke xiii. 3. ) And so when the Pharisees came to him and
said, " When shall the kingdom of God come ? " his reply was not at all
intended to meet the question, but taking advantage of the subject, he
said, " The kingdom of God cometh not with observation; neither
shall men say, Lo here, or Lo there; for behold the kingdom of God
is within you," (Luke xvii. 20,) even that kingdom which is righteous-
ness, joy, and peace in the Holy Ghost, (Rom xiv. 17. ) What was it
for them even to know the time of the kingdom, if they had no part in
it? and assuredly the soul that has not the kingdom of God within
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? LETTER X.
239
him now, will never be a subject of that glorious kingdom of Christ
then ; he that has not the first-fruits of the Spirit in this world, will
never have the fruition in the resurrection unto life in the world
to come.
But now, my beloved children, we will, before we pass on to the
subject immediately before us, contemplate another class of inquirers
that came to the Lord. And O how direct and explicit was his
answers to them! / beseech you to mark the difference. " What shall
we do, that we may work the works of God? " said some Jews to the
Lord. Our Lord instantly replied, " This is the work of God, that
ye believe on him whom he hath sent. " (John vi. 28,29. ) So again the
leper, " Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean! " "I will,"
said the Lord, "be thou clean. " (Matt. viii. 1--3. ) "Lord," said
St . Peter, " save me;" and immediately Jesus stretched forth his hand,
and caught him, and said unto him, " O thou of little faith, wherefore
didst thou doubt? " (Matt. xiv. 30, 31. )
And how gracious the reply to Mary, who addressed him supposing
him to be the gardener, " Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me
where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away. Jesus saith unto
her, Mary! " (John xx. 15, 16. ) Thus, you observe by these gra-
cious examples, that though the curious inquiry met in each case a
merciful reply, yet the honest inquiry met at once the ready and imme-
diate answer.
I have been led into these introductory remarks, by considering the
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THE CREATION.
opening of the fifth chapter of St. Luke; for there our blessed Lord
did, in the most striking manner, apply the passing events to the
illustration of divine truth. The scene is the Lake of Gennesaret,
otherwise called the Sea of Tiberias, which is the Sea of Galilee,
where our Lord manifested himself to his disciples after his resurrec-
tion. The multitude had so pressed on the Lord, that he was con-
strained to enter into a ship (a fishing vessel) near at hand, and to
request the owner of it to thrust out a little from the land; and he sat
down and taught the people from the ship: and when he had left
speaking, he said unto Simon, the owner of the vessel, " Launch out
into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. And Simon
answering, said unto the Lord, We have toiled all the night, and taken
nothing: nevertheless at thy word, I will let down the net: and when
they had done this, they enclosed a great multitude of fishes, and the
net brake. And they beckoned unto their partners, which were in
the other ship, that they should come and help them. And they came
and filled both the ships, so that they began to sink. When Simon
Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus's knees, saying, Depart from me;
for I am a sinful man, O Lord. For he was astonished, and all that
were with him, at the draught of the fishes which they had taken: and
so was also James and John, the sons of Zebedee, which were partners
with Simon. And Jesus saith unto Simon, Fear not; from henceforth
thou shalt catch men. And when they had brought their ships
to land, they forsook all, and followed him. " (Luke v. 4--11. )
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? LETTER X.
241
Something similar is the account in St. Matthew, (chap. iv. ver. 19;)
"henceforth," saith the Lord, " I will make you fishers of men. "
And truly this is a faithful picture of the gospel ministry: night after
night does the fisherman toil and labour, and sometimes with but little
success: he does not, however, give up his calling, but perseveres
through many a storm and tempest; and come when you will, he is
either mending his nets, or casting them; and times there are when
he returns home richly laden with spoil. So in the Christian ministry
--the net is cast by all waters; and in due season the labour is not in
vain iq the Lord. (1 Cor. xv. 58. ) Here or there an effectual door
is opened. (1 Cor. xvi. 9. ) " Launch out into the deep," is the
word. The net is cast in faith, and encloses a great multitude of fishes.
But while on this subject, suppose you turn to the prophecy of
Ezekiel, chap. xlvii. , and read from the first verse to the eleventh.
That these healing waters, flowing out from the temple of God--the
great multitude of fishes--and the fisherman sitting onEngedi and. E<<-
eglaim--all had a spiritual application, none will deny; and in all pro-
bability our blessed Lord alluded to this scripture, when he called the
Apostles " fishers of men;" for though the prophecy, doubtless, refers
to Israel in the last days, who shall, indeed, be sent forth in the power of
the Holy Ghost, and be the Lord's instruments in carrying out
the good tidings to those who have not heard his name, nor seen his
glory, (Isa. lxvi. 19,) and thus, in the fullest sense, be " fishers of men,"
whose spoil shall be "as the fish of the great sea, exceeding many;"
M
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? 242
THE CREATION.
yet, also, it no doubt, in spirit, refers to the gospel ministry, which,
from the Apostles' times to the present, has been the means of
abundant blessing to nations far and wide.
Having thus briefly looked at this passage in Ezekiel, we will turn
now to the 13th of Matthew. The subject is there quite of a different
character, although the illustration is drawn from the same source.
" Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net, that was cast into
the sea, and gathered of every kind: which, when it was full, they drew
to shore, and sat down, and gathered the good into vessels, but cast
the bad away. So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall
come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just; and shall
cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing
of teeth. " (Matt. xiii. 47--50. )
We watched the fishermen some evenings since. It was with great
quietness they encircled their prey; and when all things were ready,
they began silently to draw in their nets; at last the fish felt some
strange movement in the waters, and the dread reality burst upon
them: but it was too late to escape--they were all dragged to the
land. And so this scripture tells us it will be at the end,--multitudes
will go on sporting in the stream of life--at last the time of casting
the net will come, and then the dread reality will also burst on them.
The net will encircle all; not one will escape. *
" The parables generally convey some one great truth,--in this one, the certainty
of all appearing before God seems to be pointed out.
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? 226
THE CREATION.
that the bird to which these remains belonged, was greater than the
ostrich.
The traditional accounts of the natives of the Mauritius, and the
journals of voyagers, concur in stating, that the Dodo was a bird of
great size, and excellent for food; though, in this last particular, some
of them differ.
SEVENTH ORDER. --PASSERES.
SIXTEEN GENERA. --MANY SPECIES.
Comprising the Thrush, Blackbird, Robin, Sparrow, Fieldfare, Grosbeak, and many
others.
Though this is the least family of the birds of the air, yet is it by
far the most interesting. It is to it that we are indebted for " the
melody of the groves;"--for the blackbird, the thrush, and thousands
of other birds of this family, wake up the morning with the sprightli-
ness of their song; and as the evening shades set in, the pensive
solitary whistle here or there, is in keeping with the quiet calmness of
the time; and when all is hushed and still, how beautiful is the song
of the nightingale to her mate, cheering " the live-long night;" and
though our gardens and orchards may suffer from some of this family,
yet, as has been found, we should suffer far more from their absence;
for fly-catchers and insect and worm-destroyers are of more value to
us than we generally are aware of. This family we will consider in
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their great divisions. First, those that feed on insects; as the
Thrush, Blackbird, Fly-catcher, &c. Second, those that feed on
grain and fruit; as the Lark, Finches, Bunting, Starling, &c. Third,
those that take their prey flying; as the Swallow, Swift, Goat-
Sucker, &c.
The Thrush. This most delightful songster of our groves is well-
known ; and one never regrets seeing it, except when perched up in a
large basket-cage, with its note dull compared to that sung in freedom.
If birds can be so tamed as to prefer captivity, all is well; but then
the cage door should be opened, to give a reality to the thought. Our
own country affords several species of this family; the two principal
are the Song Thrush and the Misseltoe-bird. The latter is by far the
largest of the two; and has the inner feathers of its wings yellow.
In France the thrush is a bird of passage. The food of this bird is
principally insects and berries. It sings generally on the loftiest
spray of some high tree.
The Blackbird. The plumage of the male bird is a jet black, and
that of the female a dark russet. The note of the blackbird is the
loudest of the wood; and in the distance is beautiful. In the Alps
there is a species that from its colour should be called the White-bird,
its plumage being purely white.
The Redwing. This is a species of Thrush; but the plumage under
the wings is of an orange or dusky red. The red-wing, moreover,
is migratory, and coracsto us about Michaelmas, and leaves in March.
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THE CREATION.
The Fieldfare. This bird is larger than the common thrush, and
generally goes in flocks. The redwing and fieldfare migrate in
company.
The Fly-catcher. This is a sportive little bird, about five inches long.
The head is large, and spotted with black; wings and tail are dusky;
the belly is white. It is a bird of passage, and comes to us in the
Spring, and leaves in September. As its name implies, it feeds on
flies; and this accounts for its migration.
The Lark. This bird belongs to the second division of our family;
and may hardly give place even to the nightingale for the melody of
its song. How often have we watched it together, ascending higher
and higher, until it was scarcely visible; and then marked its delight
as it descended to its loved partner and offspring. How cruel the sport
to invade such domestic happiness! I believe some parents are little
aware how birds'-nesting, as it is called, hardens and debases the
minds of their children. Cruelty to animals is almost invariably either
the forerunner or companion of cruelty to man.
The Cardinal Grosbeak. This American bird is also called the
"Red bird," and the "Virginian Nightingale. " With the most
brilliant plumage, as its name implies, it unites the sweetest song,
emidating, it is said, the nightingale. This bird frequents the cedar
groves of Bermuda, and looks exceedingly rich, darting among the
trees. It is many years since I heard their note, but I never thought
it, however melodious, to reach the song of our native nightingale.
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The Black Cap. The crown of the head of this little bird is quite
black. This circumstance gave it its appropriate name. It is a bird
of sweet song; so much so, that in Norfolk they call it " the mock
nightingale. "
The Robin Red Breast. This little winter friend gives us song, when
almost all the choir of the woods is silent; and though he is not pro-
tected, as the stork in Holland, by Act of Parliament; yet a sort of
common law seems to pervade all ranks, so that it is high treason
against the feelings of humanity to hurt him. I remember this even
at school: if any boy hurt a red-breast, there was always a host to
take poor Robin's part. He comes to our windows, and never wants a
friend to provide crumbs for him. The robin seems fond of the
haunts of man; and he in return gives him his protection, without
imprisonment.
The Golden-crested Wren. This is the smallest of our English
birds, weighing not more than twenty-six grains. It has a scarlet
mark on its head, surrounded by a yellow rim. It frequents our
woods, and may be called, from its size and beauty, " the English
Humming Bird. "
The Wheat-ear is only a visitor to our shores, but it stays the early
Spring, Summer, and part of Autumn. Its plumage is of a bluish
grey, and the belly part a yellowish white, tinged with red; the legs,
black. It abounds in Sussex.
The Sparrow. This little friendly bird gives the name to this
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? 2. 30
THE CREATION.
order:--" Passern, the Sparrows. " It has very little fear of man;
and has neither song nor beauty of plumage, and yet its cheerful
chirp on the spray is not without its charm; and though it is a
robber of our gardens, yet it also takes away many of our enemies.
Therefore, whilst we may not bestow the same regard on the sparrow
as on the red-breast, yet we will not despise him, but give him a
few crumbs, when he comes to our doors in the winter's morning:.
It is, my beloved children, such a joyful thing to love to give happi-
ness, even to the least of the irrational creation; and never should
God's children forget (and O that you may be numbered among
them) the double import of our Lord's words, " Are not two sparrows
sold for one farthing, and not one of them shall fall to the ground
without your Father. But the very hairs of your head are all
numbered. Fear ye not, therefore; ye are of more value than
many sparrows. " (Matt. x. 29--31. ) Often, when looking on this
cheerful little bird, does this most beautiful scripture come to my
mind.
The Swallow. This is the third division of this order. Four
species are natives of England; though all of them leave us in
September and October. 1. The House Swallow; 2. the Martin;
3. the Sand Martin; 4. the Swift: to these may be added the
Esculent Swallow; the nests of which bird are imported into China,
to the number of four millions annually; the current price of which
is the weight of the nest in silver.
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231
The Home Swallow. This species is distinguished by the extreme
forkedness of its tail, and a reddish spot on its forehead. It builds
its nest within the tops of chimneys, and sometimes breeds twice a
year. The common swallow is the harbinger or forerunner of the
whole family; arriving about twenty days before them.
The Martin. This bird is not so large as the swallow, and its
tail is less forked. It builds under the eaves of houses, where the
family dwell as in a fortress: a small aperture just admits the parent
birds to feed their young, and when fledged, they supply them on
the wing, until they can provide for themselves.
The Sand Martin. This species builds its nest, as its name implies,
by the sides of banks, perforating the sand. It is the hist of the
swallow tribe that comes to us, always waiting until the season has
fully set in.
The Swift. This beautiful bird derives its name from its velocity
on the wing. The horse has been known once, for a few seconds,
to go at the rate of a mile in a minute; but the swift travels more
than four times this rate, reaching, with its swiftest wing, 250 miles an
hour. This bird hardly ever rests, excepting during the night, and
while on its nest. Directly the cold sets in, the swift migrates, even
weeks before its companions.
The Esculent or Java Swallow. This interesting little bird is prin-
cipally known in the Indian Archipelago--that amazing cluster of
islands on the Eastern shores of Asia; but it abounds in the island
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THE CREATION.
of Java; and from thence it takes its name. In shape it resembles
our swallow, though less in size. Its plumage is a dark grey, with
the belly white. It is very swift on the wing; but what gives it the
greatest interest is the singular character of its nest. Sir George
Staunton, in his voyage to China, where he was going as English
ambassador, touched at Sumatra, and gives the following most
interesting account of his visit: " In the Cass--a small island near
Sumatra--we found the caverns running horizontally into the side
of the rock. In these were a number of those birds' nests so much
prized by the Chinese epicures. They seemed to be composed of
fine filaments, connected together by a transparent viscous matter,
not unlike what is left by the foam of the sea upon stones, alternately
covered by the tide; or those gelatinous animal substances found
floating on every coast. The nests adhere to each other, and to the
sides of the caverns, mostly in horizontal rows, without any break
or interruption, and at different depths, from 50 to 500 feet. "
Various are the opinions how these wonderful little architects carry
on their work; but the most satisfactory is, that the bird first
partakes of the sea scum above mentioned; and from it, by a
chemical process, which goes on in its inside, it produces a fine
mucilage, which it can draw up at pleasure; and thus by a wonder-
ful instinct it prepares its house from its own body, even as the
spider does his beautiful web, and the silk-worm its costly covering;
and should this little builder have his house in the interior of the
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? LETTER IX.
233
island, this presents no difficulty; for he flies with so swift a wing,
that a short hour would take him from any part of Java to the sea
side, when he might lay in a good store, and at his home prepare
his strange material for building. It seems almost incredible, that
some thousands of tons of shipping are employed to carry these nests
to the Chinese markets, to the enormous annual value of 290,000/.
The fine filaments which compose these nests, are something the
consistency of isinglass; and the Chinese are passionately fond of
them, and dissolve them in their soups, &c.
The Goat Sucker. This bird is of the Swallow family, though
larger. It does not stay long in England, coming late and leaving
early. The ancients had an idea that it sucked the goat, and thus
gave it its ungainly name; but the accusation was quite unjust.
EIGHTH ORDER. --COLUMB. E.
TWO GENERA. --SEVERAL SPECIES.
This order is confined to the Dove and Pigeon; and comprises
principally, the Stock Dove, the Pigeon, the Ring Dove, and the
Turtle Dove.
The Stock Dove. From this source have sprung all the varieties of
the pigeon, which are now so numerous. It builds either in the holes
of rocks, or in the hollow of trees.
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THE CREATIOK.
The Pigeon.
* This family has branched out into almost endless
variety, the species of which are so well known as hardly to need
description.
The domestic pigeon is wonderfully prolific, for though it lays only
two eggs, yet it breeds every month; and so rapid is the growth of
the young, that it is calculated in four years a single pair will
produce upwards of one hundred thousand. It is not a very un-
common thing to see two families in the same nest; one just bora,
the other ready for flight.
The Ring Dove. A beautiful ring round the neck of this
lovely bird gives it its name. It is the largest of this family
known in our country. They generally fly in flocks, and subsist
on berries. You sometimes see them in cages, but they look
miserable.
The Turtle Dove. This bird is called the pattern of fidelity,
love, and simplicity; and naturalists say, that its attachment to
its mate is such, that if the hawk or kite seizes on one, the
other pines away and dies. You remember how sweetly Cowper
alludes to this in his stanzas on the dove. I quote a few verses
of it:--
" When lightnings flash among the trees,
Or kites are hovering near;
I fear lest thee alone they seize,
And know no other fear.
? See Appendix.
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? LETTER IX.
235
" Tis then I feel myself a wife,
And press thy wedded side,
Resolved an union formed for life,
Death only shall divide.
" But oh, if fickle and unchaste,
(Forgive a transient thought,)
Thou couldst become unkind at last,
And scorn thy present lot;
" No need of lightnings from on high,
Or kites with cruel beak,
Denied th' endearments of thine eye,
This widowed heart would break. "
Yes, my beloved children, we may go daily to one part of creation
or another, and get lessons of wisdom. Industry from the ant, (Prov.
xxx. 25;) watchfulness of times from the stork, and crane, and
swallow, (Jer. viii. 7;) and faithfulness from the dove, (Canticles ii.
12--14. )
And now I must conclude this long letter. We have seen the
great sea, wherein are things innumerable. We have watched the
birds of heaven, with their habitations, by the springs and fountains
of waters, and their song among the branches, (Psalm civ. 17--25. )
We have witnessed both elements--the air and the water--sub-
servient to man; and surely the song of the child of God must be,--
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THE CREATION.
" Bless the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless His holy
name. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits: who
forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases: who
crowneth thee with loving-kindness and tender mercies. " (Psalm ciii.
1--4. ) That each of you, my beloved children, may be found,
with Daniel, standing in your lot in the end of your days, is the
sincere prayer of
Your ever affectionate Father.
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? THE CREATION.
237
LETTER X.
" AS AN EAGLE STIRRETH UP HER NEST, FLUTTERETH OVER HER YOUNG, SPREADETH
ABROAD HER WINGS, TAKETH THEM, BEARETH THEM ON HER WINGS : SO THE
LORD ALONE DID LEAD HIM, AND THERE WAS NO STRANGE GOD WITH HIM. "--
Deuteronomy xxxii. 11--12.
My dear Children,
I have often remarked to you, when reading the New Testament,
that our blessed Lord almost invariably instructed his disciples, and
the multitude at large, from the circumstances of every day life. It
was not in difficult words, and abstract reasoning; but in the very
plainest language, that he spoke to them; the heart and the conscience,
as well as the understanding, was what he ever appealed to. He
never answered curious inquiries, though he replied to the inquirers;
but this was to direct their eye to one thing alone--their own
salvation. All bore on this, for both by word, as well as by the
sacrifice of the cross, he continually set forth the all-important truth,
that he came to seek and to save that which was lost. Thus, when
the disciples came to him with the inquiry, " Who is the greatest in
the kingdom of heaven? " he took a little child unto him, and set him
in the midst of them, and whilst their eyes, doubtless, were fixed upon
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THE CREATION.
it, he said, " Verily I say unto you, except ye be converted, and
become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of
heaven," (Matt. xviii. 3. ) And again, when one came to him with the
word, "Lord, are there few that be saved? " how full of mercy the
reply, "K Strive to enter in at the strait gate; for many, I say unto
you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able. When once the master
of the house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye begin to
stand without, and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, Lord, open to
us; and he shall answer and say unto you, I know not whence ye are. "
(Luke xiii. 24, 25,) So, in like manner, when some one told the Lord
of a cruel act that had just taken place; and that Pilate, while the
Galileans had been sacrificing, had slain some of them, and mingled
their blood with the blood of the sacrifice; how striking was his
reply: " Think ye that these Galileans were sinners above all the
Galileans? I tell you nay; but except ye repent ye shall all likewise
perisli," (Luke xiii. 3. ) And so when the Pharisees came to him and
said, " When shall the kingdom of God come ? " his reply was not at all
intended to meet the question, but taking advantage of the subject, he
said, " The kingdom of God cometh not with observation; neither
shall men say, Lo here, or Lo there; for behold the kingdom of God
is within you," (Luke xvii. 20,) even that kingdom which is righteous-
ness, joy, and peace in the Holy Ghost, (Rom xiv. 17. ) What was it
for them even to know the time of the kingdom, if they had no part in
it? and assuredly the soul that has not the kingdom of God within
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? LETTER X.
239
him now, will never be a subject of that glorious kingdom of Christ
then ; he that has not the first-fruits of the Spirit in this world, will
never have the fruition in the resurrection unto life in the world
to come.
But now, my beloved children, we will, before we pass on to the
subject immediately before us, contemplate another class of inquirers
that came to the Lord. And O how direct and explicit was his
answers to them! / beseech you to mark the difference. " What shall
we do, that we may work the works of God? " said some Jews to the
Lord. Our Lord instantly replied, " This is the work of God, that
ye believe on him whom he hath sent. " (John vi. 28,29. ) So again the
leper, " Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean! " "I will,"
said the Lord, "be thou clean. " (Matt. viii. 1--3. ) "Lord," said
St . Peter, " save me;" and immediately Jesus stretched forth his hand,
and caught him, and said unto him, " O thou of little faith, wherefore
didst thou doubt? " (Matt. xiv. 30, 31. )
And how gracious the reply to Mary, who addressed him supposing
him to be the gardener, " Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me
where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away. Jesus saith unto
her, Mary! " (John xx. 15, 16. ) Thus, you observe by these gra-
cious examples, that though the curious inquiry met in each case a
merciful reply, yet the honest inquiry met at once the ready and imme-
diate answer.
I have been led into these introductory remarks, by considering the
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THE CREATION.
opening of the fifth chapter of St. Luke; for there our blessed Lord
did, in the most striking manner, apply the passing events to the
illustration of divine truth. The scene is the Lake of Gennesaret,
otherwise called the Sea of Tiberias, which is the Sea of Galilee,
where our Lord manifested himself to his disciples after his resurrec-
tion. The multitude had so pressed on the Lord, that he was con-
strained to enter into a ship (a fishing vessel) near at hand, and to
request the owner of it to thrust out a little from the land; and he sat
down and taught the people from the ship: and when he had left
speaking, he said unto Simon, the owner of the vessel, " Launch out
into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. And Simon
answering, said unto the Lord, We have toiled all the night, and taken
nothing: nevertheless at thy word, I will let down the net: and when
they had done this, they enclosed a great multitude of fishes, and the
net brake. And they beckoned unto their partners, which were in
the other ship, that they should come and help them. And they came
and filled both the ships, so that they began to sink. When Simon
Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus's knees, saying, Depart from me;
for I am a sinful man, O Lord. For he was astonished, and all that
were with him, at the draught of the fishes which they had taken: and
so was also James and John, the sons of Zebedee, which were partners
with Simon. And Jesus saith unto Simon, Fear not; from henceforth
thou shalt catch men. And when they had brought their ships
to land, they forsook all, and followed him. " (Luke v. 4--11. )
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? LETTER X.
241
Something similar is the account in St. Matthew, (chap. iv. ver. 19;)
"henceforth," saith the Lord, " I will make you fishers of men. "
And truly this is a faithful picture of the gospel ministry: night after
night does the fisherman toil and labour, and sometimes with but little
success: he does not, however, give up his calling, but perseveres
through many a storm and tempest; and come when you will, he is
either mending his nets, or casting them; and times there are when
he returns home richly laden with spoil. So in the Christian ministry
--the net is cast by all waters; and in due season the labour is not in
vain iq the Lord. (1 Cor. xv. 58. ) Here or there an effectual door
is opened. (1 Cor. xvi. 9. ) " Launch out into the deep," is the
word. The net is cast in faith, and encloses a great multitude of fishes.
But while on this subject, suppose you turn to the prophecy of
Ezekiel, chap. xlvii. , and read from the first verse to the eleventh.
That these healing waters, flowing out from the temple of God--the
great multitude of fishes--and the fisherman sitting onEngedi and. E<<-
eglaim--all had a spiritual application, none will deny; and in all pro-
bability our blessed Lord alluded to this scripture, when he called the
Apostles " fishers of men;" for though the prophecy, doubtless, refers
to Israel in the last days, who shall, indeed, be sent forth in the power of
the Holy Ghost, and be the Lord's instruments in carrying out
the good tidings to those who have not heard his name, nor seen his
glory, (Isa. lxvi. 19,) and thus, in the fullest sense, be " fishers of men,"
whose spoil shall be "as the fish of the great sea, exceeding many;"
M
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? 242
THE CREATION.
yet, also, it no doubt, in spirit, refers to the gospel ministry, which,
from the Apostles' times to the present, has been the means of
abundant blessing to nations far and wide.
Having thus briefly looked at this passage in Ezekiel, we will turn
now to the 13th of Matthew. The subject is there quite of a different
character, although the illustration is drawn from the same source.
" Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net, that was cast into
the sea, and gathered of every kind: which, when it was full, they drew
to shore, and sat down, and gathered the good into vessels, but cast
the bad away. So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall
come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just; and shall
cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing
of teeth. " (Matt. xiii. 47--50. )
We watched the fishermen some evenings since. It was with great
quietness they encircled their prey; and when all things were ready,
they began silently to draw in their nets; at last the fish felt some
strange movement in the waters, and the dread reality burst upon
them: but it was too late to escape--they were all dragged to the
land. And so this scripture tells us it will be at the end,--multitudes
will go on sporting in the stream of life--at last the time of casting
the net will come, and then the dread reality will also burst on them.
The net will encircle all; not one will escape. *
" The parables generally convey some one great truth,--in this one, the certainty
of all appearing before God seems to be pointed out.
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