The
Commonitorium
was first printed in the praef.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Alter-
VIGILIUS, bishop of Brescia. 6. VIGILIUS, a cationes tres. Three dialogues between Athanasius,
bishop who signed the acts of the council of Agde. Arius, Photius, and Sabellius, apparently a second
Of these, the first, third, and fourth only deserve and enlarged edition of the preceding piece. IV.
particular notice.
De Trinitute 8. De unita Trinitute Deitutis Libri
V1Gilius, bishop of Trent, hence distinguished XII. ,often included among the works of Athanasius.
by the epithet Tridentinus, flourished towards the While Chifflet assigus the whole of these books to
close of the fourth century and suffered martyrdom, Vigilius, some scholars maintain that the first eight
probably in the second consulship of Stilicho, A. D. belong to Idacius, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh to
105. This is the Vigilius, who, according to Gen. some unknown composer, and the twelfth, which
nadius, addressed to a certain Simplicianus, a bears the separate title De Trinitate et Spiritu Sancto,
letter and a tract containing Gesta sui temporis apud to Augustine. V. De Unitate Trinitatis ad Optatum
barbaros martyrum. We cannot doubt that two s. Diulogus inter Augustinum e Felicianum Arianun.
Epistles still extant under the name of Vigilius Generally included in the works of Augustine.
De Martyrio Sunctorum Sisinii et Sociorum, one VI. De Trinitate adversus Variinadum (or Muri.
addressed to Simplicianus, bishop of Milan, the vadum) Libri tres. Published under the name of
other to John, bishop of Constantinople, are the Idacius Clarus. VII. Contra Palladium Arianum
pieces here indicated. They will be found under episcopum. Included in many editions of the works
their best form in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Gal of Ambrose, and also of Gregory of Nazianzus.
land, vol. viii. (fol. Venet. 1772), p. 203. (Ambros. The whole of the six last mentioned treatises will
Epist. xxiv. ; Gennad. de Viris Ill. 37 ; Galland, be found in the edition of Chimet, where the
Proleg. vol. viii. c. v. p. x. ; Dupin, Ecclesiastical authenticity of each is elaborately discussed, and in
History of the fifth Century ; Schoenemann, Bib- the Bibliotheca Putrum Max. fol. Lugd. 1677,
liotheca Patrum Lat. vol. i. c. 4. § 26 ; Bähr, vol. viii. p. 743. (Walch, Bibliotheca Patrist. c. x.
Geschichte der Röm. Lit. Suppl. Band, 2te Abtheil. $ 104. )
[W. R. ]
§ 80. )
VI'LLIA GENS, plebeian, is mentioned as
Vigilius, a deacon who flourished under Arca- early as B. C. 449 (Villius, No. 1], but the only
dius and Honorius, is mentioned by Gennadius member of the gens who obtained the consulship
and Trithemius, as the compiler of a Regula Mona- was P. Villius Tappulus, who was consul B. c. 199.
chorum, which is still extant, and will be found, The Villii were divided into the two families of Ax-
under the title Regulae Orientules ex Patrum Orien- Nalis and TAPPULUS: a few persons of the name
talium Regulis collectae a Vigilio Diacono, in the are mentioned without any cognomen.
Codex Regularum, published by L. Holstein, 4to. VI'LLIUS. 1. P. Villius, one of the tribunes
Rom. 1661, Paris. Ato. 1663, and also in the work of the plebs elected upon the expulsion of the de-
of Brockie, fol. Aug. Vind. 1759, vol. i. p. 60. cemvirs in B. C. 449. (Liv. iii. 54. )
(Schoenemann, Bibliotheca Patrum Lat. vol. ï. 2. C. Villius, a friend of Tib. Gracchus, was
$ 23. )
cruelly put to death by the ruling party after the
Vigilius, bishop of Thapsus, in Byzacium, hence murder of Gracchus in B. c. 133. He is said to
designated Tapsensis, flourished towards the close have been shut up in a vessel with snakes and
of the fifth century when Africa was overrun by vipers, which was the manner in which parricides
the Arian Vandals. Being an orthodox Catholic, were put to death. (Plut. Tib. Gracch. 20. )
he was driven from his see by Hunneric, in A. D. VINCE'NTIUS, surnamed LIRINENSIS,
484, and took refuge at Constantinople, where he from the celebrated monastery in the island of
composed several works, chiefly of a polemical Lerins, where he officiated as a presbyter, was by
character. Of those enumerated below, the first birth a native of Gaul. We are not acquainted
has always borne the name of Vigilius, although with any particulars regarding his career, except
frequently ascribed to Vigilius of Trent; the others that he died in the reign of Theodosius and Valen-
have been found in MSS. , some bearing the name tinian, about A. D. 450. His fame rests upon a
of Athanasius, some of Idacius Clarus, some of treatise against heretics, composed, as we are told
Augustine, and it has been conjectured by Dupin in the body of the work itself, three years after
that they were originally given to the world under the council of Ephesus, that is, in A. D. 434. It
these false colours, either for the sake of avoiding commonly bears the title Commonitorium pro Catho-
persecution, or in the belief that the arguments licae fidei antiquitate et universitate adversus pro-
would be listened to with more respect, and make fanas omnium Haereticorum novitates, but accord-
a more forcible impression if supposed to proceeding to Gennadius, when first published, it did not
from such illustrious fathers. It is manifest that exhibit the name of the writer, and was designated
such a proceeding must have given rise to the Peregrini (i. e. the Pilgrim) adversus Haereticos.
greatest confusion, and it is now almost impossible We are farther told that it was originally divided
to determine with certainty the real history of these into two parts, but that the second of these having
been stolen from the repositories of the author, he
I. Adrersus Nestorium et Eutychem Libri quinque contented himself with briefly recapitulating the
pro defensione Synodi Chalcedonensis ; the nature substance of what it had contained, and gave his
and object of this piece are sufficiently indicated work to the world in one book. The great aim of
tracts.
## p. 1261 (#1277) ##########################################
VINCENTICS
VINDICIANUS. . 1261
VINDEX.
It was first printed at Telangan
in at Colade, ore 1575, and was
e non, in the works of u
Bics and published 2: Die
same ralume with Victor Press
1 Domine Atianas adresas
dialogues between Albezana si
Darbiter named Probes tas
works of Atbaras. III
. r
Three dia. Serves ber reen Achsen.
, and Sale. cs, apparently a kind
4:00 of the preceding pite !
De ruta Trastuke luta in
.
zded among the works et debesis
24 zis the wh le of the boy
keboars ma'nan that is best
the Dirth, tent, ani deed
clarpser, and ibe frets, vid
eille Ile Tratate e marzo
1. De l'nitate Tread to a
Austind Fernsen Anna,
ded in the works of 1220
1 aderrous l'ariada de Mar
in Published under the sea
VII. Contra Putas nams
ided in marreditons etbe sans
1 a. so of Greyrary e Names
! six ast mentioned
to
edition of Ch: Tina
ch is elaborately decreas
Putrun Maz. fol
. La
Wach, Bilicctieu Perset
this production, which is composed in a very lively the throne. Galba, however, would not assume
a::d impressive style, is in the first place to collect the title of emperor, but nevertheless took up
the opinions of the early fathers on the points which arms against Nero, contenting himself with the
had given rise to the most important doctrinal con- title of legatus of the senate and of the Roman
troversies ; and, in the second place, to establish people.
some rule by which error may be detected and Most of the governors of the Roman provinces in
avoided, and the true faith maintained in purity. Europe now declared in favour of Galba ; Vir.
Ile determines that the means for accomplishing ginius Rufus, however, the governor of Upper Ger-
this object are two-fold: 1. The authority of Holy many, who had been offered the sovereignty hy his
Scripture. 2. The tradition of the Catholic church, own soldiers, not only refused it himself, but snid
the latter being indispensable for the right under that he would not acknowledge any one as em-
standing of the former. We are to hold that as a peror except the person upon whom the senate had
Catholic tradition, which has been believed in the conferred the title. He accordingly marched with
Catholic church, everywhere, always, and by all his army against Vindex, and proceeded to lay
(quod ubiquc, quod semper, quod ub omnibus cre- siege to the town of Vcsontio (Besançon). Vindex
ditum est), thus obtaining universality, antiquity marched to its relief ; and the two generals had a
and consent.
conference, in which they appear to have come to
The Commonitorium, being the first work on which some ngreement ; but as Vindex was going to
the proposition, which now forms the broad line of enter the town, the soldiers of Rufus, thinking that
demarcation between the Protestant and Roman he was about to attack them, fell upon him. Many
churches, is broadly and distinctly affirmed, it has of his troops were killed, and Vindex, who believed
always been regarded with great interest and studied that it was a plot for his destruction, put an end to
with much care, while the opinions formed with his own life. (Dion Cass. lxiii. 22–20; Tac. Ann.
regard to its merits have depended, in a great wv. 74, Hist. i. 6, 8, 5), iv. 17, 57 ; Plut. Gulb.
measure, on the theological predilections of its 4–6; Suet. Ner. 40, 41, 45, Galb. 9, 11; Plin.
critics. The charge of Semi-Pelagianism frequently Ep. ix. 19. )
urged against Vincentius seems altogether unfounded, VINDEX, MACRI'NUS, praefectus praetorio
and indeed probably originated in the erroneous under M. Aurelius, perished in the war against the
belief that Vincent of Lerins was the author of the Marcomanni. The emperor erected three statues
tract first published by Sirmond (4to. Paris, 1643), in honour of him. (Dion Cass. lxxi. 3, with the
entitled Praedestinatus g. Praedestinatorum Haeresis note of Reimarus. )
et libri S. Augustino temere adscripti Refutatio, and VINDEX, C. OCTAVIUS, consul suffectus
also of the attack upon the tenets of Augustine under Commodus, A. D. 184 (Fasti).
known to us only from the reply of Prosper, Pro VINDICIA’NUS, an eminent Christian phy.
Augustini Doctrina Responsiones ad capitula ob- sician in the fourth century after Christ, tutor to
jectionum Vincentianarum.
Theodorus Priscianus (Theod. Prisc. Rer. Med. iv.
The Commonitorium was first printed in the praef. p. 81, ed. Argent. ), who attained the rank of
Antidotum contra diversas omnium fere saeculorum Comes Archiatrorum (see Dict. of Ant. s. v. Archi-
Haereses of Jo. Sichardus, fol. Basil. 1528, and has, ater), and was physician to the Emperor Valentinian,
since that period, been very frequently republished A. D. 364—375. He was also proconsul in Africa,
both in a separate form, and in all the larger col- and in this capacity crowned St. Augustine in a
lections of the Fathers. The standard edition is rhetorical contest (Aug. Conf. iv. 3. § 5), probably
that of Baluzius, 8vo. Paris, 1663, 1669, 1684, A. D. 376. It was perhaps this incident which
and the last of these is followed by Galland, in his gave Vindicianus an interest in the young man's
Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. x. p. 103, fol. Venet. 1774. welfare, for St. Augustine says that he tried to
The most recent edition is that of Klüpfel, 8vo. divert him from the study of astrology and divina-
Vienn. 1809, which deserves to be consulted. tion, to which he was at that time addicted.
(Gennadius, de Viris Illustr. 64 ; Trithemius, de (Ibid. and vii. 6. $ 8. ) St. Augustine gives him a
Scriptt. Eccles. 145 ; Schoenemann, Biblioth. Pa- high character, calling him “ an acute old man,"
trum Latt. vol. Ïi. 37 ; Bähr, Geschicht. der a wise man, very skilful and renowned in physic,"
Römisch. Litterat. Suppl. Band. 2te Abtheil. § 154. and in another place (Epist. 138. & 3) “ the great
Consult also the historians of Semipelagianism physician of our times. ” There is attributed to
(Cassianus) and the Prolegomena of Galland him a short Latin hexameter poem, consisting
and Klüpfel. )
(W. R. ) chiefly of an enumeration of a great number of
VINDEX, C. JU’LIUS, was the son of a Ro- medicinal substances ; which, however, some per-
man senator, but was descended from a royal sons suppose to be the conclusion of the poem by
family in Aquitanian Gaul. He was appointed Serenus Samonicus, while others think it belongs
propraetor of Gallia Celtica towards the latter end to Marcellus Empiricus. It is to be found at the
of the reign of Nero ; and there he resolved to end of several editions of Celsus, in Burnann's
make an effort to get rid of the tyrant, of whose Poëtae Latini Minores, and in Fabricii Bibl. Gr.
oppressive rule the Roman world had become vol. xiii. p. 446, ed. vet. There is also extant a
weary. Accordingly, he called together the people letter addressed to the Emperor Valentinian by
of his province about the month of March, A. D. 68, Vindicianus, in which he makes mention of a me-
and after describing their grievances and the des- dical work which he had written, but which appears
picable character of their oppressor, he urged them to be lost. This letter is by Sprengel (Hist. de la
to revolt. His call was eagerly responded to by Méd. ) supposed to be spurious, but perhaps with-
the greater part of Gaul, and he soon found him out sufficient reason. It is to be found in the
self at the head of a formidable army. He did not, Aldine Collection of Medici Antiqui, Venet. 1547,
however, aspire to the empire himself, but wrote fol. ; in H. Stephani Medicae Artis Principes,
to Galba, who was governor of Hispania Tarraco- Paris, 1567, fol. ; and in Fabricii Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii.
nensis, to offer bis assistance in raising him to 1 p. 448, ed. vet. One of the medical formulae of
(ITA)
S, plebeian, is ressed
[l'illits, Nal, but the end
1who obtained the chile
cu's, who was cast IC
ded into the two fiz nele
t's: a few persons of the 13
cut any cognouben
? VILLIts one of the clips
upon the expusioz a' che e
Lir. m. 34. )
friend of Tik Gracias a
by the ruling part am
in RC 133 He is set to
in a ressed mti gals and
e manner in which cross
(Plut Til. Grazie
sumanded LIRINEU
monastery in the south
haied as a presbyter
, 53,
al. We are not a
regarding his czer,
go of Theodoge in Tit
1. His fame rest 19)
composed, as v z3 *
ork itsel, three sean
18, that is, ID 1044
e Communionin pret
warnt der
Oruz sorular sat
1 first published it az a
writer, and was des
gTim) torek Hamps
11 it was origz ÉTER
the second of the
positories of the Liebe
briesiy mapiti
dcupiained, and are
bouk Tie gees
e
## p. 1262 (#1278) ##########################################
1262
VINICIUS.
VINIUS.
Vindicianus is preserved by Marcellus Empiricus, | (M. Senec. Controv. 2, 3, 4, 20, 21, &c. ; comp
De Medicam. c. 16. p. 316. (W. A. G. ] L. Senec. Ep. 40. )
VINDI'CIUS, the name of a slave, who is said 5. M. VINICIUS, P. P. M. N. , the son of No. 4,
to have given information to the consuls of the con- was born at Cales, a town in Campania, and is
spiracy, which was formed for the restoration of the spoken of by Tacitus as “ mitis ingenio et comptae
Tarquins, and who was rewarded in consequence facundiae. " He was consul in A. D. 30 with c.
with liberty and the Roman franchise. He is said Cassius Longinus, and it was in this year that the
to have been the first slave manumitted by the historian Velleius Paterculus dedicated his work to
Vindicta, the name of which was derived by some him. [PATERCULUS. ) In A. D. 33 Tiberius gave
persons from that of the slave ; but it is unnecessary Julia Livilla, the daughter of Germanicus, in mar-
to point out the absurdity of this etymology. (Liv. riage to Vinicius ; and as Germanicus was by
iii. 4, 5 ; comp. Dict. of Antiq. s. o. Manumissio. ) adoption the
son of Tiberius, Vinicius is called the
VINDULLUS, POMPEIUS, & freedman of progener of Tiberins. Vinicius was consul a second
Cn. Pompey, died at Laodiceia in B. c. 50. (Cic. time in the reign of Claudius, A. D. 45, with Taurus
ad Att. vi. 1. § 25. )
Statilius Corvinus. He was put to death by Mes-
VINICIANUS, A'NNIUS, was accused of salina in the following year, to whom he had be-
treason (majestas) together with his father Annius come an object of suspicion, because she had pre-
Pollio, towards the latter end of Nero's reign, but viously put to death his wife (JULIA, No. 8], and
was not brought to trial. He afterwards conspired likewise an object of hatred because he had refused
with Camillus Scribonianus against the emperor her embraces. (Tac. Ann. vi. 15, 45; Dion Cass.
Claudius, and, when the conspiracy was detected, Ix. 25, 27. )
put an end to his own life. (Tac. Ann. vi. 9; Dion 6. VINICIUS, the author of a conspiracy against
Cass. Ix. 14. )
Nero, detected and crushed at Beneventum. (Suet.
VINICIA'NUS, M. CAELIUS, tribune of the Ner. 36. )
plebs, B. c. 53, exerted himself to raise Pompey to 7. T. VINICIUS JULIANUS, consul suffectus under
the dictatorship, and was in consequence defeated Titus, A. D. 80. (Fasti. )
when he became a candidate for the curule aedile- VI'NIUS. 1. T. VINIUS was proscribed by the
ship in B. c. 51. In the civil war he espoused the triumvirs B. C. 43, and owed his life to his wife
cause of Caesar, who left him behind in Pontus Tanusia, who concealed him in a chest at the house
with two legions after the conquest of Pharnaces in of his freedman Philopoemen, and gave out that he
B. C. 48. (Caelius, ap. Cic. ad Fam. viii. 4. § 3; was dead.
VIGILIUS, bishop of Brescia. 6. VIGILIUS, a cationes tres. Three dialogues between Athanasius,
bishop who signed the acts of the council of Agde. Arius, Photius, and Sabellius, apparently a second
Of these, the first, third, and fourth only deserve and enlarged edition of the preceding piece. IV.
particular notice.
De Trinitute 8. De unita Trinitute Deitutis Libri
V1Gilius, bishop of Trent, hence distinguished XII. ,often included among the works of Athanasius.
by the epithet Tridentinus, flourished towards the While Chifflet assigus the whole of these books to
close of the fourth century and suffered martyrdom, Vigilius, some scholars maintain that the first eight
probably in the second consulship of Stilicho, A. D. belong to Idacius, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh to
105. This is the Vigilius, who, according to Gen. some unknown composer, and the twelfth, which
nadius, addressed to a certain Simplicianus, a bears the separate title De Trinitate et Spiritu Sancto,
letter and a tract containing Gesta sui temporis apud to Augustine. V. De Unitate Trinitatis ad Optatum
barbaros martyrum. We cannot doubt that two s. Diulogus inter Augustinum e Felicianum Arianun.
Epistles still extant under the name of Vigilius Generally included in the works of Augustine.
De Martyrio Sunctorum Sisinii et Sociorum, one VI. De Trinitate adversus Variinadum (or Muri.
addressed to Simplicianus, bishop of Milan, the vadum) Libri tres. Published under the name of
other to John, bishop of Constantinople, are the Idacius Clarus. VII. Contra Palladium Arianum
pieces here indicated. They will be found under episcopum. Included in many editions of the works
their best form in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Gal of Ambrose, and also of Gregory of Nazianzus.
land, vol. viii. (fol. Venet. 1772), p. 203. (Ambros. The whole of the six last mentioned treatises will
Epist. xxiv. ; Gennad. de Viris Ill. 37 ; Galland, be found in the edition of Chimet, where the
Proleg. vol. viii. c. v. p. x. ; Dupin, Ecclesiastical authenticity of each is elaborately discussed, and in
History of the fifth Century ; Schoenemann, Bib- the Bibliotheca Putrum Max. fol. Lugd. 1677,
liotheca Patrum Lat. vol. i. c. 4. § 26 ; Bähr, vol. viii. p. 743. (Walch, Bibliotheca Patrist. c. x.
Geschichte der Röm. Lit. Suppl. Band, 2te Abtheil. $ 104. )
[W. R. ]
§ 80. )
VI'LLIA GENS, plebeian, is mentioned as
Vigilius, a deacon who flourished under Arca- early as B. C. 449 (Villius, No. 1], but the only
dius and Honorius, is mentioned by Gennadius member of the gens who obtained the consulship
and Trithemius, as the compiler of a Regula Mona- was P. Villius Tappulus, who was consul B. c. 199.
chorum, which is still extant, and will be found, The Villii were divided into the two families of Ax-
under the title Regulae Orientules ex Patrum Orien- Nalis and TAPPULUS: a few persons of the name
talium Regulis collectae a Vigilio Diacono, in the are mentioned without any cognomen.
Codex Regularum, published by L. Holstein, 4to. VI'LLIUS. 1. P. Villius, one of the tribunes
Rom. 1661, Paris. Ato. 1663, and also in the work of the plebs elected upon the expulsion of the de-
of Brockie, fol. Aug. Vind. 1759, vol. i. p. 60. cemvirs in B. C. 449. (Liv. iii. 54. )
(Schoenemann, Bibliotheca Patrum Lat. vol. ï. 2. C. Villius, a friend of Tib. Gracchus, was
$ 23. )
cruelly put to death by the ruling party after the
Vigilius, bishop of Thapsus, in Byzacium, hence murder of Gracchus in B. c. 133. He is said to
designated Tapsensis, flourished towards the close have been shut up in a vessel with snakes and
of the fifth century when Africa was overrun by vipers, which was the manner in which parricides
the Arian Vandals. Being an orthodox Catholic, were put to death. (Plut. Tib. Gracch. 20. )
he was driven from his see by Hunneric, in A. D. VINCE'NTIUS, surnamed LIRINENSIS,
484, and took refuge at Constantinople, where he from the celebrated monastery in the island of
composed several works, chiefly of a polemical Lerins, where he officiated as a presbyter, was by
character. Of those enumerated below, the first birth a native of Gaul. We are not acquainted
has always borne the name of Vigilius, although with any particulars regarding his career, except
frequently ascribed to Vigilius of Trent; the others that he died in the reign of Theodosius and Valen-
have been found in MSS. , some bearing the name tinian, about A. D. 450. His fame rests upon a
of Athanasius, some of Idacius Clarus, some of treatise against heretics, composed, as we are told
Augustine, and it has been conjectured by Dupin in the body of the work itself, three years after
that they were originally given to the world under the council of Ephesus, that is, in A. D. 434. It
these false colours, either for the sake of avoiding commonly bears the title Commonitorium pro Catho-
persecution, or in the belief that the arguments licae fidei antiquitate et universitate adversus pro-
would be listened to with more respect, and make fanas omnium Haereticorum novitates, but accord-
a more forcible impression if supposed to proceeding to Gennadius, when first published, it did not
from such illustrious fathers. It is manifest that exhibit the name of the writer, and was designated
such a proceeding must have given rise to the Peregrini (i. e. the Pilgrim) adversus Haereticos.
greatest confusion, and it is now almost impossible We are farther told that it was originally divided
to determine with certainty the real history of these into two parts, but that the second of these having
been stolen from the repositories of the author, he
I. Adrersus Nestorium et Eutychem Libri quinque contented himself with briefly recapitulating the
pro defensione Synodi Chalcedonensis ; the nature substance of what it had contained, and gave his
and object of this piece are sufficiently indicated work to the world in one book. The great aim of
tracts.
## p. 1261 (#1277) ##########################################
VINCENTICS
VINDICIANUS. . 1261
VINDEX.
It was first printed at Telangan
in at Colade, ore 1575, and was
e non, in the works of u
Bics and published 2: Die
same ralume with Victor Press
1 Domine Atianas adresas
dialogues between Albezana si
Darbiter named Probes tas
works of Atbaras. III
. r
Three dia. Serves ber reen Achsen.
, and Sale. cs, apparently a kind
4:00 of the preceding pite !
De ruta Trastuke luta in
.
zded among the works et debesis
24 zis the wh le of the boy
keboars ma'nan that is best
the Dirth, tent, ani deed
clarpser, and ibe frets, vid
eille Ile Tratate e marzo
1. De l'nitate Tread to a
Austind Fernsen Anna,
ded in the works of 1220
1 aderrous l'ariada de Mar
in Published under the sea
VII. Contra Putas nams
ided in marreditons etbe sans
1 a. so of Greyrary e Names
! six ast mentioned
to
edition of Ch: Tina
ch is elaborately decreas
Putrun Maz. fol
. La
Wach, Bilicctieu Perset
this production, which is composed in a very lively the throne. Galba, however, would not assume
a::d impressive style, is in the first place to collect the title of emperor, but nevertheless took up
the opinions of the early fathers on the points which arms against Nero, contenting himself with the
had given rise to the most important doctrinal con- title of legatus of the senate and of the Roman
troversies ; and, in the second place, to establish people.
some rule by which error may be detected and Most of the governors of the Roman provinces in
avoided, and the true faith maintained in purity. Europe now declared in favour of Galba ; Vir.
Ile determines that the means for accomplishing ginius Rufus, however, the governor of Upper Ger-
this object are two-fold: 1. The authority of Holy many, who had been offered the sovereignty hy his
Scripture. 2. The tradition of the Catholic church, own soldiers, not only refused it himself, but snid
the latter being indispensable for the right under that he would not acknowledge any one as em-
standing of the former. We are to hold that as a peror except the person upon whom the senate had
Catholic tradition, which has been believed in the conferred the title. He accordingly marched with
Catholic church, everywhere, always, and by all his army against Vindex, and proceeded to lay
(quod ubiquc, quod semper, quod ub omnibus cre- siege to the town of Vcsontio (Besançon). Vindex
ditum est), thus obtaining universality, antiquity marched to its relief ; and the two generals had a
and consent.
conference, in which they appear to have come to
The Commonitorium, being the first work on which some ngreement ; but as Vindex was going to
the proposition, which now forms the broad line of enter the town, the soldiers of Rufus, thinking that
demarcation between the Protestant and Roman he was about to attack them, fell upon him. Many
churches, is broadly and distinctly affirmed, it has of his troops were killed, and Vindex, who believed
always been regarded with great interest and studied that it was a plot for his destruction, put an end to
with much care, while the opinions formed with his own life. (Dion Cass. lxiii. 22–20; Tac. Ann.
regard to its merits have depended, in a great wv. 74, Hist. i. 6, 8, 5), iv. 17, 57 ; Plut. Gulb.
measure, on the theological predilections of its 4–6; Suet. Ner. 40, 41, 45, Galb. 9, 11; Plin.
critics. The charge of Semi-Pelagianism frequently Ep. ix. 19. )
urged against Vincentius seems altogether unfounded, VINDEX, MACRI'NUS, praefectus praetorio
and indeed probably originated in the erroneous under M. Aurelius, perished in the war against the
belief that Vincent of Lerins was the author of the Marcomanni. The emperor erected three statues
tract first published by Sirmond (4to. Paris, 1643), in honour of him. (Dion Cass. lxxi. 3, with the
entitled Praedestinatus g. Praedestinatorum Haeresis note of Reimarus. )
et libri S. Augustino temere adscripti Refutatio, and VINDEX, C. OCTAVIUS, consul suffectus
also of the attack upon the tenets of Augustine under Commodus, A. D. 184 (Fasti).
known to us only from the reply of Prosper, Pro VINDICIA’NUS, an eminent Christian phy.
Augustini Doctrina Responsiones ad capitula ob- sician in the fourth century after Christ, tutor to
jectionum Vincentianarum.
Theodorus Priscianus (Theod. Prisc. Rer. Med. iv.
The Commonitorium was first printed in the praef. p. 81, ed. Argent. ), who attained the rank of
Antidotum contra diversas omnium fere saeculorum Comes Archiatrorum (see Dict. of Ant. s. v. Archi-
Haereses of Jo. Sichardus, fol. Basil. 1528, and has, ater), and was physician to the Emperor Valentinian,
since that period, been very frequently republished A. D. 364—375. He was also proconsul in Africa,
both in a separate form, and in all the larger col- and in this capacity crowned St. Augustine in a
lections of the Fathers. The standard edition is rhetorical contest (Aug. Conf. iv. 3. § 5), probably
that of Baluzius, 8vo. Paris, 1663, 1669, 1684, A. D. 376. It was perhaps this incident which
and the last of these is followed by Galland, in his gave Vindicianus an interest in the young man's
Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. x. p. 103, fol. Venet. 1774. welfare, for St. Augustine says that he tried to
The most recent edition is that of Klüpfel, 8vo. divert him from the study of astrology and divina-
Vienn. 1809, which deserves to be consulted. tion, to which he was at that time addicted.
(Gennadius, de Viris Illustr. 64 ; Trithemius, de (Ibid. and vii. 6. $ 8. ) St. Augustine gives him a
Scriptt. Eccles. 145 ; Schoenemann, Biblioth. Pa- high character, calling him “ an acute old man,"
trum Latt. vol. Ïi. 37 ; Bähr, Geschicht. der a wise man, very skilful and renowned in physic,"
Römisch. Litterat. Suppl. Band. 2te Abtheil. § 154. and in another place (Epist. 138. & 3) “ the great
Consult also the historians of Semipelagianism physician of our times. ” There is attributed to
(Cassianus) and the Prolegomena of Galland him a short Latin hexameter poem, consisting
and Klüpfel. )
(W. R. ) chiefly of an enumeration of a great number of
VINDEX, C. JU’LIUS, was the son of a Ro- medicinal substances ; which, however, some per-
man senator, but was descended from a royal sons suppose to be the conclusion of the poem by
family in Aquitanian Gaul. He was appointed Serenus Samonicus, while others think it belongs
propraetor of Gallia Celtica towards the latter end to Marcellus Empiricus. It is to be found at the
of the reign of Nero ; and there he resolved to end of several editions of Celsus, in Burnann's
make an effort to get rid of the tyrant, of whose Poëtae Latini Minores, and in Fabricii Bibl. Gr.
oppressive rule the Roman world had become vol. xiii. p. 446, ed. vet. There is also extant a
weary. Accordingly, he called together the people letter addressed to the Emperor Valentinian by
of his province about the month of March, A. D. 68, Vindicianus, in which he makes mention of a me-
and after describing their grievances and the des- dical work which he had written, but which appears
picable character of their oppressor, he urged them to be lost. This letter is by Sprengel (Hist. de la
to revolt. His call was eagerly responded to by Méd. ) supposed to be spurious, but perhaps with-
the greater part of Gaul, and he soon found him out sufficient reason. It is to be found in the
self at the head of a formidable army. He did not, Aldine Collection of Medici Antiqui, Venet. 1547,
however, aspire to the empire himself, but wrote fol. ; in H. Stephani Medicae Artis Principes,
to Galba, who was governor of Hispania Tarraco- Paris, 1567, fol. ; and in Fabricii Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii.
nensis, to offer bis assistance in raising him to 1 p. 448, ed. vet. One of the medical formulae of
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1262
VINICIUS.
VINIUS.
Vindicianus is preserved by Marcellus Empiricus, | (M. Senec. Controv. 2, 3, 4, 20, 21, &c. ; comp
De Medicam. c. 16. p. 316. (W. A. G. ] L. Senec. Ep. 40. )
VINDI'CIUS, the name of a slave, who is said 5. M. VINICIUS, P. P. M. N. , the son of No. 4,
to have given information to the consuls of the con- was born at Cales, a town in Campania, and is
spiracy, which was formed for the restoration of the spoken of by Tacitus as “ mitis ingenio et comptae
Tarquins, and who was rewarded in consequence facundiae. " He was consul in A. D. 30 with c.
with liberty and the Roman franchise. He is said Cassius Longinus, and it was in this year that the
to have been the first slave manumitted by the historian Velleius Paterculus dedicated his work to
Vindicta, the name of which was derived by some him. [PATERCULUS. ) In A. D. 33 Tiberius gave
persons from that of the slave ; but it is unnecessary Julia Livilla, the daughter of Germanicus, in mar-
to point out the absurdity of this etymology. (Liv. riage to Vinicius ; and as Germanicus was by
iii. 4, 5 ; comp. Dict. of Antiq. s. o. Manumissio. ) adoption the
son of Tiberius, Vinicius is called the
VINDULLUS, POMPEIUS, & freedman of progener of Tiberins. Vinicius was consul a second
Cn. Pompey, died at Laodiceia in B. c. 50. (Cic. time in the reign of Claudius, A. D. 45, with Taurus
ad Att. vi. 1. § 25. )
Statilius Corvinus. He was put to death by Mes-
VINICIANUS, A'NNIUS, was accused of salina in the following year, to whom he had be-
treason (majestas) together with his father Annius come an object of suspicion, because she had pre-
Pollio, towards the latter end of Nero's reign, but viously put to death his wife (JULIA, No. 8], and
was not brought to trial. He afterwards conspired likewise an object of hatred because he had refused
with Camillus Scribonianus against the emperor her embraces. (Tac. Ann. vi. 15, 45; Dion Cass.
Claudius, and, when the conspiracy was detected, Ix. 25, 27. )
put an end to his own life. (Tac. Ann. vi. 9; Dion 6. VINICIUS, the author of a conspiracy against
Cass. Ix. 14. )
Nero, detected and crushed at Beneventum. (Suet.
VINICIA'NUS, M. CAELIUS, tribune of the Ner. 36. )
plebs, B. c. 53, exerted himself to raise Pompey to 7. T. VINICIUS JULIANUS, consul suffectus under
the dictatorship, and was in consequence defeated Titus, A. D. 80. (Fasti. )
when he became a candidate for the curule aedile- VI'NIUS. 1. T. VINIUS was proscribed by the
ship in B. c. 51. In the civil war he espoused the triumvirs B. C. 43, and owed his life to his wife
cause of Caesar, who left him behind in Pontus Tanusia, who concealed him in a chest at the house
with two legions after the conquest of Pharnaces in of his freedman Philopoemen, and gave out that he
B. C. 48. (Caelius, ap. Cic. ad Fam. viii. 4. § 3; was dead.
