who decided the dispute by declaring that during His death and his return to life were celebrated
four months of every year Adonis should be left to in annual festivals ('Adwvia) at Byblos, Alexandria
himself, during four months he should belong to in Egypt, Athens, and other places.
four months of every year Adonis should be left to in annual festivals ('Adwvia) at Byblos, Alexandria
himself, during four months he should belong to in Egypt, Athens, and other places.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
9.
& 16; Hy-
goras" of Plato, Adeimantus is also spoken of as gin. Fub. 14. 173. ) When he had succeeded his
present on that occasion (p. 315, e. ).
father as king of Pherae, he sued for the hand of
3. The brother of Plato, who is frequently men- Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias, who promised her
tioned by the latter. (Apol. Socr. p. 34, 2. , de to him on condition that he should come to her in
Rep. ii. p. 367, e. p. 548, d. e. )
a chariot drawn by lions and boars. This task
ADGANDE'STRIUS, a chief of the Catti, Admetus performed by the assistance of Apollo,
offered to kill Arminius if the Romans would send who served him according to some accounts out of
him poison for the purpose ; but Tiberius declined attachment to him (Schol. ad Eurip. Alcest. 2;
the offer. (Tac. Ann. ii. 88. )
Callim. h. in Apoll. 46, &c. ), or according to others
ADHERBAL ('Atáptas). 1. A Carthaginian because he was obliged to serve a mortal for one
commander in the first Punic war, who was placed year for having slain the Cyclops. (Apollod. ii. 10.
over Drepana, and completely defeated the Roman $ 4. ) On the day of his marriage with Alcestis,
consul P. Claudius in a sea-fight off Drepana, B. C. Admetus neglected to offer a sacrifice to Artemis,
249. (Polyb. i. 49–52; Diod. Ed. xxiv. ) and when in the evening be entered the bridal
2. À Carthaginian commander under Mago in chamber, he found there a number of snakes rolled
the second Punic war, who was defeated in a sea- up in a lump. Apollo, however, reconciled
fight off Carteia, in Spain, by C. Laelius in B. C. Artemis to him, and at the same time induced the
206. (Liv. Xxviii. 30. )
Moirae to grant to Admetus deliverance from
3. The son of Micipsa, and grandson of Masi- death, if at the hour of his death his father, mother,
nissa, had the kingdom of Numidia left to him by or wife would die for him. Alcestis did so, but
his father in conjunction with his brother Hiempsal Kora, or according to others Heracles, brought her
and Jugurtha, B. c. 118. After the murder of his back to the upper world. (Apollod. i. 9. $ 15; com-
brother by Jugurtha, Adherbal fled to Rome and pare ALCESTIS. )
(L. S. )
was restored to his share of the kingdom by the ADMEʻTUŚ ("Aduntos), king of the Molos-
Romans in B. c. 117. But Adherbal was again sians in the time of Themistocles, who, when su-
stripped of his dominions by Jugurtha and be preme at Athens, had opposed him, perhaps not
sieged in Cirta, where he was treacherously killed without insult, in some suit to the people. But when
by Jugurtha in B. c. 112, although he had placed Aying from the officers who were ordered to seize
himself under the protection of the Romans. him as a party to the treason of Pausanias, and
(Sall. Jug. 6, 13, 14, 24, 25, 26; Liv. Ep. 63; driven from Corcyra to Epirus, he found himself
Diod. Erc. xxxiv. p. 605. ed. Wess. )
upon some emergency, with no hope of refuge but
ADIA'TORIX ('Adatbpıf), son of a tetrarch the house of Admetus. Admetus was absent; but
in Galatia, belonged to Antony's party, and killed Phthia his queen welcomed the stranger, and bade
all the Romans in Heracleia shortly before the him, as the most solemn form of supplication
battle of Actium. After this battle he was led as among the Molossians, take her son, the young
prisoner in the triumph of Augustus, and put to prince, and sit with him in his hands upon the
death with his younger son
His elder son, hearth. Admetus on his return home assured him
Dyteutus, was subsequently made priest of the of protection ; according to another account in
celebrated goddess in Comana (Strab. xii. pp. 543, Plutarch, he himself, and not Pthia enjoined the
558, 559; Cic. ad Fam. ii. 12. )
form as affording him a pretext for refusal : he, at
ADMETE ('Aduttn). 1. A daugter of Oceanus any rate, shut his ears to all that the Athenian
and Thetys (Hesiod. Theog. 349), whom Hyginus and Lacedaemonian commissioners, who soon after-
in the preface to his fables calls Admieto and a wards arrived, could say; and sent Themistocles
daughter of Pontus and Thalassa.
safely to Pydna on his way to the Persian court.
2. A daughter of Eurystheus and Antimache or (Thucyd. i. 136, 137; Plut. Them. 24. ) (A. H. C. )
Admete. Heracles was obliged by her father to ADME'TUS ("Aduntos), a Greek epigram-
fetch for her the girdle of Ares, which was worn | matist, who lived in the early part of the second
C 2
## p. 20 (#40) ##############################################
20
ADONIS
ADRASTEIA.
6. ).
century after Christ. One line of his is preserved | iv. 5. ) When Aphrodite was informed of her
by Lucian. (Demonaz, 44 ; Brunck, Anal. iii. p. beloved being wounded, she hastened to the spot
21. )
(C. P. M. ] and sprinkled nectar into his blood, from which
ADOʻNEUS (Adwvevs). 1. A surname of immediately fowens sprang up. Various other
Bacchus, signifies the Ruler. (Auson. Epigr. xxix. modifications of the story may be read in Hyginus
(Poet. Astron. ii. 7), Theocritus (ldyll. xv. ),
2. Adoneus is sometimes used by Latin poets Bion (Idyll. i. ), and in the scholiasi on Lyco-
for Adonis. (Plaut. Menuechu. i. 2. 35 ; Catull. phron. (839, &c. ) From the double marriage of
xxix. 9. )
(L. S. ] Aphrodite with Ares and Adonis sprang Priapus.
ADO'NIS (Adwvis), according to Apollodorus (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 9, 3. 2. ) Besides
(iii. 14. 83) a son of Cinyras and Medarme, accord him Golgos and Beroe are likewise called children
ing to Hesiod (ap. Apollod. iii. 14. $ 4) a son of of Adonis and Aphrodite. (Schol. ad Theocrit. xv.
Phoenix and Alphesiboea, and according to the 100; Nonni Dionys. xli. 155. ) On his death
cyclic poet Panyasis (ap. Apollod. l. c. ) a son of Adonis was obliged to descend into the lower
Theias, king of Assyria, who begot him by his world, but he was allowed to spend six months
own daughter Smyrna (Myrrha. ) The ancient out of every year with his beloved Aphrodite in
story ran thus: Smyrna bad neglected the wor the upper world (Orph. hymn. 55. 10. )
ship of Aphrodite, and was punished by the god- The worship of Adonis, which in later times
dess with an unnatural love for her father. With was spread over nearly all the countries round the
the assistance of her murse she contrived to share Mediterranean, was, as the story itself sutticiently
her father's bed without being known to him. indicates, of Asiatic, or more especially of Phoeni-
When he discovered the crime he wished to kill cian origin. (Lucian, de dea Sur. c. 6. ) Thence it
her; but she fled, and on being nearly overtaken, was transferred to Assyria, Egypt, Greece, and
prayed to the gods to make her invisible. They even to Italy, though of course with various mo-
were moved to pity and changed her into a tree difications. In the Homeric poems no trace of it
called ouýpva. After the lapse of nine months occurs, and the later Greek poets changed the
the tree burst, and Adonis was born. Aphrodite original symbolic account of Adonis into a poetical
was so much charmed with the beauty of the infants story. In the Asiatic religions Aphrodite was the
that she concealed it in a chest which she entrust. fructifying principle of nature, and Adonis appears
ed to Persephone ; but when the latter discovered to have reference to the death of nature in winter
the treasure she had in her keeping, she refused to and its revival in spring—hence he spends six
give it np. The case was brought before Zeus, months in the lower and six in the upper world.
who decided the dispute by declaring that during His death and his return to life were celebrated
four months of every year Adonis should be left to in annual festivals ('Adwvia) at Byblos, Alexandria
himself, during four months he should belong to in Egypt, Athens, and other places. (L. S. ]
Persephone, and during the remaining four to ADRANUS ( Adpavós ), a Sicilian divinity who
Aphrodite. Adonis however preferring to live was worshipped in all the island, but especially at
with Aphrodite, also spent with her the four Adranus, a town near Mount Aetna. (Plul Timol.
months over wbich he had controul. After 12; Diodor. xiv. 37. ) Hesychius (s. e. Nalikoi)
wards Adonis died of a wound which he received represents the god as the father of the Palici.
from a boar during the chase. Thus far the story According to Aelian (Hist. Anim. xi. 20), about
of Adonis was related by Pangasis. Later writers 1000 sacred dogs were kept near his temple.
furnish various alterations and additions to it. Some modern critics consider this divinity to be of
According to Hyginus (Fub. 58, 164, 251, 271), eastern ongin, and connect the name Adranus
Smyrna was punished with the love for her father, with the Persian Adar (fire), and regard him as
because her mother Cenchreis had provoked the the same as the Phoenician Adramelech, and as
anger of Aphrodite by extolling the beauty of her a personification of the sun or of fire in general.
daughter above that of the goddess. Smyrna after (Bochart, Geograph. Sacra, p. 530. ) (L. S. ]
the discovery of her crime fled into a forest, where ADRANTUS, ARDRANTUS or ADRAS
she was changed into a tree from which Adonis TUS, a contemporary of Athenaeus, who wrote a
came forth, when her father split it with his commentary in five books upon the work of Thea
sword. The dispute between Aphrodite and Per- phrastus, entitled Tepi 'Hour, to wbich he added a
sephone was according to some accounts settled by sixth book upon the Nicomachian Ethics of Aris-
Calliope, whom Zeus appointed as mediator be totle. (Athen. xv. p. 673, e. with Schweighauser's
tween them. (Hygin. Poet. Astron. ii. 7. ) Ovid note. )
(Met 1. 300, &c. ) adds the following features : • ADRASTEIA ('Αδράστεια). 1. A Cretan
Myrrha's love of her father was excited by the nymph, daughter of Melisseus, to whom Rhea
furies; Lucina assisted her when she gave birth to entrusted the infant Zeus to be reared in the Dic-
Adonis, and the Naiads anointed him with the taean grotto. In this office Adrasteia was assisted
tears of his mother, 1. e. with the Auid which by her sister Ida and the Curetes (Apollod. i. 1.
trickled from the tree. Adonis grew up a most $ 6; Callimach. hymn. in Jov. 47), whom the
beautiful youth, and Venus loved him and shared scholiast on Callimachus calls her brothers. Apol-
with him the pleasures of the chase, though she lonius Rhodius (iii. 132, &c. ) relates that she gave
always cautioned him against the wild beasts. to the infant Zeus a beautiful globe (opaipaj to
At last he wounded a boar which killed him in play with, and on some Cretan coins Zeus is
its fury. According to some traditions Ares represented sitting upon a globe. (Spanh. ad
(Mars), or, according to others, Apollo assumed Callim. l. c. )
the form of a boar and thus killed Adonis. (Serv. 2. A surname of Nemesis, which is derived by
ad Virg. Ed. x. 18; Ptolem. Hephaest. i. p. 306, some writers from Adrastus, who is said to bare
ed. Gale. ) A third story related that Dionysus built the first sanctuary of Nemesis on the river
carried off Adonis. (Phanocles ap. Plut. Synipos. Asopus (Strab. xii. p. 588), and by others fruin
a
## p. 21 (#41) ##############################################
ADRASTUS.
21
ADRIANUS.
the verb 818pokelV, according to which it would | fell in this war, was Aegialeus, the son of Adras
signify the goddess whom none can escape. (Valc- tus. After having built a temple of Nemesis in
ken. ad Herod. iii. 40. )
(L. S. ] the neighbourhood of Thebes (ADRASTEIA), he set
ADRASTI'NE. (ADRASTU. . ]
out on his return home. But weighed down by
• ADRASTUS ("Aspartos), a son of Talans, old age and grief at the death of his son he died at
king of Argos, and of Lysimache. (Apollod. i. 9. Megara and was buried there. (Paus. i. 43. & 1. )
$ 13. ) Pausanias (ii. 6. § 3) calls his mother After his death he was worshipped in several parts
Lysianassa, and Hyginus (Fab. 69) Eurynome of Greece, as at Megara (Paus. l. c. ), at Sicyon
(Comp. Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 423. ) During a where his memory was celebrated in tragic cho
feud between the most powerful houses in Argos, ruses (Herod. v. 67), and in Attica (Paus. i. 30.
Talans was slain by Amphiaraus, and Adrastus 4. ) The legends about Adrastus and the two
being expelled from his dominions Aled to Polybus, wars against Thebes have furnished most ainple
then king of Sicyon. When Polybus died with materials for the epic as well as tragic poets of
out heirs, Adrastus succeeded bim on the throne Greece (Paus. ix. 9. & 3), and some works of art
of Sicyon, and during his reign he is said to have relating to the stories about Adrastus are mentioned
instituted the Nemean games. (Hom. I. ii. 572; in Pausanias. (iii. 18. & 7, x. 10. § 2. )
Pind. Nem. ix. 30, &c. ; Herod. v. 67 ; Paus. ii. From Adrastus the female patronymic Adrastine
6. § 3. ) Afterwards, however, Adrastus became was formed. (Hom. I. v. 412. ) (LS. )
reconciled to Amphiaraus, gave him his sister Eri- ADRASTUS (“ASpactos), a son of the Phry.
phyle in marriage, and returned to his kingdom of gian king Gordius, who had anintentionally killed
Angos During the time he reigned there it hap his brother, and was in consequence expelled by
pened that Tydeus of Calydon and Polynices of his father and deprived of everything. He took
Thebes, both fugitives from their native countries, refuge as a suppliant at the court of king Croesus,
met at Argos near the palace of Adrastus, and who purified him and received him kindly. After
came to words and from words to blows. On some time he was sent out as guardian of Atys,
hearing the noise, Adrastus hastened to them and the son of Croesus, who was to deliver the coun-
separated the combatants, in whom he immediately try from a wild boar which had made great havoc
recognised the two men that had been promised to all around. Adrastus had the misfortune to kil
him by an oracle as the future husbands of two prince Atys, while he was aiming at the wild
of his daughters; for one bore on his shield beast. Croesus pardoned the unfortunate man, w
the figure of a boar, and the other that of a he saw in this accident the will of the gods and
lion, and the oracle was that one of his daughters the folfilment of a propheey ; but Adrastus could
was to marry a boar and the other a lion. Adras not endure to live longer and killed himself on the
tus therefore gave his daughter Dežpyle to Tydens, tomb of Atys. (Herod. i. 35–45. ) (L. S. )
and Argeia to Polynices, and at the same time ADRASTUS ("Adpaotos), of Aphrodisias, a
promised to lead each of these princes back to his Peripatetic philosopher, who lived in the second
own country. Adrastus now prepared for war century after Christ, the author of a treatise on
against Thebes, although Amphiaravs foretold that the arrangement of Aristotle's writings and his
all who should engage in it should perish, with system of philosophy, quoted by Simplicius (Prae
the exception of Adrastas. (Apollod. iï. 6. § 1, fat. in viii
. lib. Phys. ), and by Achilles Tatius
&c. ; Hygin. Fab. 69, 70. )
(p. 82). Some commentaries of his on the Timaeus
Thus arose the celebrated war of the “ Seven of Plato are also quoted by Porphyry (p. 270, in
against Thebes," in which Adrastus was joined by Harmonica Plolemari), and a treatise on the Cate
six other heroes, viz. Polyniees, Tydeus, Amphia-gories of Aristotle by Galen. None of these have
raus, Capanens, Hippomedon, and Parthenopaeus come down to us; but a work on Harmonica, tepl
Instead of Tydens and Polynices other legends 'Apuoviên, is preserved, in MS. , in the Vatican
mention Eteoclos and Mecistens. This war ended Library.
(B. J. ]
as unfortunately as Amphiaraus had predicted, ADRIA'NUS. [HADRIANUS. )
and Adrastus alone was saved by the swiftness of ADRIANUS ('Adpravós), a Greek rhetorician
his horse Areion, the gift of Heracles. (Hom. I. born at Tyre in Phoenicia, who fourished under
xxüi. 346, &c. ; Paus. vi.
goras" of Plato, Adeimantus is also spoken of as gin. Fub. 14. 173. ) When he had succeeded his
present on that occasion (p. 315, e. ).
father as king of Pherae, he sued for the hand of
3. The brother of Plato, who is frequently men- Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias, who promised her
tioned by the latter. (Apol. Socr. p. 34, 2. , de to him on condition that he should come to her in
Rep. ii. p. 367, e. p. 548, d. e. )
a chariot drawn by lions and boars. This task
ADGANDE'STRIUS, a chief of the Catti, Admetus performed by the assistance of Apollo,
offered to kill Arminius if the Romans would send who served him according to some accounts out of
him poison for the purpose ; but Tiberius declined attachment to him (Schol. ad Eurip. Alcest. 2;
the offer. (Tac. Ann. ii. 88. )
Callim. h. in Apoll. 46, &c. ), or according to others
ADHERBAL ('Atáptas). 1. A Carthaginian because he was obliged to serve a mortal for one
commander in the first Punic war, who was placed year for having slain the Cyclops. (Apollod. ii. 10.
over Drepana, and completely defeated the Roman $ 4. ) On the day of his marriage with Alcestis,
consul P. Claudius in a sea-fight off Drepana, B. C. Admetus neglected to offer a sacrifice to Artemis,
249. (Polyb. i. 49–52; Diod. Ed. xxiv. ) and when in the evening be entered the bridal
2. À Carthaginian commander under Mago in chamber, he found there a number of snakes rolled
the second Punic war, who was defeated in a sea- up in a lump. Apollo, however, reconciled
fight off Carteia, in Spain, by C. Laelius in B. C. Artemis to him, and at the same time induced the
206. (Liv. Xxviii. 30. )
Moirae to grant to Admetus deliverance from
3. The son of Micipsa, and grandson of Masi- death, if at the hour of his death his father, mother,
nissa, had the kingdom of Numidia left to him by or wife would die for him. Alcestis did so, but
his father in conjunction with his brother Hiempsal Kora, or according to others Heracles, brought her
and Jugurtha, B. c. 118. After the murder of his back to the upper world. (Apollod. i. 9. $ 15; com-
brother by Jugurtha, Adherbal fled to Rome and pare ALCESTIS. )
(L. S. )
was restored to his share of the kingdom by the ADMEʻTUŚ ("Aduntos), king of the Molos-
Romans in B. c. 117. But Adherbal was again sians in the time of Themistocles, who, when su-
stripped of his dominions by Jugurtha and be preme at Athens, had opposed him, perhaps not
sieged in Cirta, where he was treacherously killed without insult, in some suit to the people. But when
by Jugurtha in B. c. 112, although he had placed Aying from the officers who were ordered to seize
himself under the protection of the Romans. him as a party to the treason of Pausanias, and
(Sall. Jug. 6, 13, 14, 24, 25, 26; Liv. Ep. 63; driven from Corcyra to Epirus, he found himself
Diod. Erc. xxxiv. p. 605. ed. Wess. )
upon some emergency, with no hope of refuge but
ADIA'TORIX ('Adatbpıf), son of a tetrarch the house of Admetus. Admetus was absent; but
in Galatia, belonged to Antony's party, and killed Phthia his queen welcomed the stranger, and bade
all the Romans in Heracleia shortly before the him, as the most solemn form of supplication
battle of Actium. After this battle he was led as among the Molossians, take her son, the young
prisoner in the triumph of Augustus, and put to prince, and sit with him in his hands upon the
death with his younger son
His elder son, hearth. Admetus on his return home assured him
Dyteutus, was subsequently made priest of the of protection ; according to another account in
celebrated goddess in Comana (Strab. xii. pp. 543, Plutarch, he himself, and not Pthia enjoined the
558, 559; Cic. ad Fam. ii. 12. )
form as affording him a pretext for refusal : he, at
ADMETE ('Aduttn). 1. A daugter of Oceanus any rate, shut his ears to all that the Athenian
and Thetys (Hesiod. Theog. 349), whom Hyginus and Lacedaemonian commissioners, who soon after-
in the preface to his fables calls Admieto and a wards arrived, could say; and sent Themistocles
daughter of Pontus and Thalassa.
safely to Pydna on his way to the Persian court.
2. A daughter of Eurystheus and Antimache or (Thucyd. i. 136, 137; Plut. Them. 24. ) (A. H. C. )
Admete. Heracles was obliged by her father to ADME'TUS ("Aduntos), a Greek epigram-
fetch for her the girdle of Ares, which was worn | matist, who lived in the early part of the second
C 2
## p. 20 (#40) ##############################################
20
ADONIS
ADRASTEIA.
6. ).
century after Christ. One line of his is preserved | iv. 5. ) When Aphrodite was informed of her
by Lucian. (Demonaz, 44 ; Brunck, Anal. iii. p. beloved being wounded, she hastened to the spot
21. )
(C. P. M. ] and sprinkled nectar into his blood, from which
ADOʻNEUS (Adwvevs). 1. A surname of immediately fowens sprang up. Various other
Bacchus, signifies the Ruler. (Auson. Epigr. xxix. modifications of the story may be read in Hyginus
(Poet. Astron. ii. 7), Theocritus (ldyll. xv. ),
2. Adoneus is sometimes used by Latin poets Bion (Idyll. i. ), and in the scholiasi on Lyco-
for Adonis. (Plaut. Menuechu. i. 2. 35 ; Catull. phron. (839, &c. ) From the double marriage of
xxix. 9. )
(L. S. ] Aphrodite with Ares and Adonis sprang Priapus.
ADO'NIS (Adwvis), according to Apollodorus (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 9, 3. 2. ) Besides
(iii. 14. 83) a son of Cinyras and Medarme, accord him Golgos and Beroe are likewise called children
ing to Hesiod (ap. Apollod. iii. 14. $ 4) a son of of Adonis and Aphrodite. (Schol. ad Theocrit. xv.
Phoenix and Alphesiboea, and according to the 100; Nonni Dionys. xli. 155. ) On his death
cyclic poet Panyasis (ap. Apollod. l. c. ) a son of Adonis was obliged to descend into the lower
Theias, king of Assyria, who begot him by his world, but he was allowed to spend six months
own daughter Smyrna (Myrrha. ) The ancient out of every year with his beloved Aphrodite in
story ran thus: Smyrna bad neglected the wor the upper world (Orph. hymn. 55. 10. )
ship of Aphrodite, and was punished by the god- The worship of Adonis, which in later times
dess with an unnatural love for her father. With was spread over nearly all the countries round the
the assistance of her murse she contrived to share Mediterranean, was, as the story itself sutticiently
her father's bed without being known to him. indicates, of Asiatic, or more especially of Phoeni-
When he discovered the crime he wished to kill cian origin. (Lucian, de dea Sur. c. 6. ) Thence it
her; but she fled, and on being nearly overtaken, was transferred to Assyria, Egypt, Greece, and
prayed to the gods to make her invisible. They even to Italy, though of course with various mo-
were moved to pity and changed her into a tree difications. In the Homeric poems no trace of it
called ouýpva. After the lapse of nine months occurs, and the later Greek poets changed the
the tree burst, and Adonis was born. Aphrodite original symbolic account of Adonis into a poetical
was so much charmed with the beauty of the infants story. In the Asiatic religions Aphrodite was the
that she concealed it in a chest which she entrust. fructifying principle of nature, and Adonis appears
ed to Persephone ; but when the latter discovered to have reference to the death of nature in winter
the treasure she had in her keeping, she refused to and its revival in spring—hence he spends six
give it np. The case was brought before Zeus, months in the lower and six in the upper world.
who decided the dispute by declaring that during His death and his return to life were celebrated
four months of every year Adonis should be left to in annual festivals ('Adwvia) at Byblos, Alexandria
himself, during four months he should belong to in Egypt, Athens, and other places. (L. S. ]
Persephone, and during the remaining four to ADRANUS ( Adpavós ), a Sicilian divinity who
Aphrodite. Adonis however preferring to live was worshipped in all the island, but especially at
with Aphrodite, also spent with her the four Adranus, a town near Mount Aetna. (Plul Timol.
months over wbich he had controul. After 12; Diodor. xiv. 37. ) Hesychius (s. e. Nalikoi)
wards Adonis died of a wound which he received represents the god as the father of the Palici.
from a boar during the chase. Thus far the story According to Aelian (Hist. Anim. xi. 20), about
of Adonis was related by Pangasis. Later writers 1000 sacred dogs were kept near his temple.
furnish various alterations and additions to it. Some modern critics consider this divinity to be of
According to Hyginus (Fub. 58, 164, 251, 271), eastern ongin, and connect the name Adranus
Smyrna was punished with the love for her father, with the Persian Adar (fire), and regard him as
because her mother Cenchreis had provoked the the same as the Phoenician Adramelech, and as
anger of Aphrodite by extolling the beauty of her a personification of the sun or of fire in general.
daughter above that of the goddess. Smyrna after (Bochart, Geograph. Sacra, p. 530. ) (L. S. ]
the discovery of her crime fled into a forest, where ADRANTUS, ARDRANTUS or ADRAS
she was changed into a tree from which Adonis TUS, a contemporary of Athenaeus, who wrote a
came forth, when her father split it with his commentary in five books upon the work of Thea
sword. The dispute between Aphrodite and Per- phrastus, entitled Tepi 'Hour, to wbich he added a
sephone was according to some accounts settled by sixth book upon the Nicomachian Ethics of Aris-
Calliope, whom Zeus appointed as mediator be totle. (Athen. xv. p. 673, e. with Schweighauser's
tween them. (Hygin. Poet. Astron. ii. 7. ) Ovid note. )
(Met 1. 300, &c. ) adds the following features : • ADRASTEIA ('Αδράστεια). 1. A Cretan
Myrrha's love of her father was excited by the nymph, daughter of Melisseus, to whom Rhea
furies; Lucina assisted her when she gave birth to entrusted the infant Zeus to be reared in the Dic-
Adonis, and the Naiads anointed him with the taean grotto. In this office Adrasteia was assisted
tears of his mother, 1. e. with the Auid which by her sister Ida and the Curetes (Apollod. i. 1.
trickled from the tree. Adonis grew up a most $ 6; Callimach. hymn. in Jov. 47), whom the
beautiful youth, and Venus loved him and shared scholiast on Callimachus calls her brothers. Apol-
with him the pleasures of the chase, though she lonius Rhodius (iii. 132, &c. ) relates that she gave
always cautioned him against the wild beasts. to the infant Zeus a beautiful globe (opaipaj to
At last he wounded a boar which killed him in play with, and on some Cretan coins Zeus is
its fury. According to some traditions Ares represented sitting upon a globe. (Spanh. ad
(Mars), or, according to others, Apollo assumed Callim. l. c. )
the form of a boar and thus killed Adonis. (Serv. 2. A surname of Nemesis, which is derived by
ad Virg. Ed. x. 18; Ptolem. Hephaest. i. p. 306, some writers from Adrastus, who is said to bare
ed. Gale. ) A third story related that Dionysus built the first sanctuary of Nemesis on the river
carried off Adonis. (Phanocles ap. Plut. Synipos. Asopus (Strab. xii. p. 588), and by others fruin
a
## p. 21 (#41) ##############################################
ADRASTUS.
21
ADRIANUS.
the verb 818pokelV, according to which it would | fell in this war, was Aegialeus, the son of Adras
signify the goddess whom none can escape. (Valc- tus. After having built a temple of Nemesis in
ken. ad Herod. iii. 40. )
(L. S. ] the neighbourhood of Thebes (ADRASTEIA), he set
ADRASTI'NE. (ADRASTU. . ]
out on his return home. But weighed down by
• ADRASTUS ("Aspartos), a son of Talans, old age and grief at the death of his son he died at
king of Argos, and of Lysimache. (Apollod. i. 9. Megara and was buried there. (Paus. i. 43. & 1. )
$ 13. ) Pausanias (ii. 6. § 3) calls his mother After his death he was worshipped in several parts
Lysianassa, and Hyginus (Fab. 69) Eurynome of Greece, as at Megara (Paus. l. c. ), at Sicyon
(Comp. Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 423. ) During a where his memory was celebrated in tragic cho
feud between the most powerful houses in Argos, ruses (Herod. v. 67), and in Attica (Paus. i. 30.
Talans was slain by Amphiaraus, and Adrastus 4. ) The legends about Adrastus and the two
being expelled from his dominions Aled to Polybus, wars against Thebes have furnished most ainple
then king of Sicyon. When Polybus died with materials for the epic as well as tragic poets of
out heirs, Adrastus succeeded bim on the throne Greece (Paus. ix. 9. & 3), and some works of art
of Sicyon, and during his reign he is said to have relating to the stories about Adrastus are mentioned
instituted the Nemean games. (Hom. I. ii. 572; in Pausanias. (iii. 18. & 7, x. 10. § 2. )
Pind. Nem. ix. 30, &c. ; Herod. v. 67 ; Paus. ii. From Adrastus the female patronymic Adrastine
6. § 3. ) Afterwards, however, Adrastus became was formed. (Hom. I. v. 412. ) (LS. )
reconciled to Amphiaraus, gave him his sister Eri- ADRASTUS (“ASpactos), a son of the Phry.
phyle in marriage, and returned to his kingdom of gian king Gordius, who had anintentionally killed
Angos During the time he reigned there it hap his brother, and was in consequence expelled by
pened that Tydeus of Calydon and Polynices of his father and deprived of everything. He took
Thebes, both fugitives from their native countries, refuge as a suppliant at the court of king Croesus,
met at Argos near the palace of Adrastus, and who purified him and received him kindly. After
came to words and from words to blows. On some time he was sent out as guardian of Atys,
hearing the noise, Adrastus hastened to them and the son of Croesus, who was to deliver the coun-
separated the combatants, in whom he immediately try from a wild boar which had made great havoc
recognised the two men that had been promised to all around. Adrastus had the misfortune to kil
him by an oracle as the future husbands of two prince Atys, while he was aiming at the wild
of his daughters; for one bore on his shield beast. Croesus pardoned the unfortunate man, w
the figure of a boar, and the other that of a he saw in this accident the will of the gods and
lion, and the oracle was that one of his daughters the folfilment of a propheey ; but Adrastus could
was to marry a boar and the other a lion. Adras not endure to live longer and killed himself on the
tus therefore gave his daughter Dežpyle to Tydens, tomb of Atys. (Herod. i. 35–45. ) (L. S. )
and Argeia to Polynices, and at the same time ADRASTUS ("Adpaotos), of Aphrodisias, a
promised to lead each of these princes back to his Peripatetic philosopher, who lived in the second
own country. Adrastus now prepared for war century after Christ, the author of a treatise on
against Thebes, although Amphiaravs foretold that the arrangement of Aristotle's writings and his
all who should engage in it should perish, with system of philosophy, quoted by Simplicius (Prae
the exception of Adrastas. (Apollod. iï. 6. § 1, fat. in viii
. lib. Phys. ), and by Achilles Tatius
&c. ; Hygin. Fab. 69, 70. )
(p. 82). Some commentaries of his on the Timaeus
Thus arose the celebrated war of the “ Seven of Plato are also quoted by Porphyry (p. 270, in
against Thebes," in which Adrastus was joined by Harmonica Plolemari), and a treatise on the Cate
six other heroes, viz. Polyniees, Tydeus, Amphia-gories of Aristotle by Galen. None of these have
raus, Capanens, Hippomedon, and Parthenopaeus come down to us; but a work on Harmonica, tepl
Instead of Tydens and Polynices other legends 'Apuoviên, is preserved, in MS. , in the Vatican
mention Eteoclos and Mecistens. This war ended Library.
(B. J. ]
as unfortunately as Amphiaraus had predicted, ADRIA'NUS. [HADRIANUS. )
and Adrastus alone was saved by the swiftness of ADRIANUS ('Adpravós), a Greek rhetorician
his horse Areion, the gift of Heracles. (Hom. I. born at Tyre in Phoenicia, who fourished under
xxüi. 346, &c. ; Paus. vi.
