Hyperbole soars too high or creeps too low : 6
Exceeds the truth, things wonderful to show.
Exceeds the truth, things wonderful to show.
Latin - Casserly - Complete System of Latin Prosody
Tropi proprii Quatuor.
Dat propriae similem, translata Metaphora vocem, 1
Atque Metonymia imponit nova nornina rebus. 2
Confundit totum cum parte Synecdoche saepe. 3
EXEMPLA.
1. Fluctuat cestu (i'. e. excessu), irarum. Aspirant (i.
e. favent) cceptis. 2. Inventor pro Invento ; ut Mars (i.
e. bellum) saevit. Author pro Operibus ; ut, lego Hora-
tium, (i. e. ejus scripta. ) Instrumentum pro Causa ; ut,
lingua (i. e. eloquentia) tuetur ilium. Materia pro Facto;
ut, ferrum, (i. e. gladius) vicit. EfFectus^ro Causa; ut,
frigida mors, (i. e. quae facit frigidos. ) Continens pro
Contento ; ut, vescor dapibus, (i, e. cibis. ) Adjunctum
pro Subjecto; ut, fasces, (i. e. magistratus). 3. Decern
cestates, (i. e. annos) vixi sub hoc tecto, (i. e. domo. )
Nunc annus, (i. e. ver) est formosissimus.
DERIVATIONES.
1. a iLtsjacpiQc*), transfero. 2. a /usjovo/ndto), transnomino.
3. a avvexdixofiat, comprehendo.
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? THE
ART OF RHETORIC.
The four proper Tropes.
A Metaphor, in place of proper words, 1
Resemblance puts ; and dress to speech affords.
A Metonymy does new names impose, 2
And Things for things by near relation shows.
Synecdoche the Whole for Part does take, 3
Or Part for Whole ; just for the metre's sake.
EXAMPLES.
1. He boils with a Tide (i. e. Excess) of Passion. They
breathe on (i. e. favour) my Enterprises. 2. The In-
ventor is taken for the Invented ; as, Mars (i. e. War)
rages. The Author for his Works ; as, I read Horace, (i.
e. his Writings. ) The Instrument for the Cause ; as, his
Tongue (i. e. Eloquence) defends him. The matter for
the Thing made ; as, the Steel (i. e. Sword) conquers.
The effect for the Cause ; as, cold Death, (i. e. Death
that makes cold. ) The subject containing for the Thing
contained ; I feed on dainties, (i. e. on food. ) The ad-
junct for the subject ; as, the Mace (i. e. Magistrate)
comes. 3. Ten Summers (i. e. Years) I have lived
under this Roof, (i. e. House. ) Now the Year (i. e.
Spring) is the most beautiful.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
1. Translation. 2. Changing of Names. 3. Com-
prehension.
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? 122 ARS RHET0R1CA.
Contra quam sentit solet Ironia jocari. 4
AfTectiones Troporum.
Durior improprise est Catachresis abusio vocis. 5
Extenuans, augensve, excedit Hyperbole verum. 6
Voce Tropos plures nectit Metalepsis in una. 7
Continuare Tropos Allegoria adsolet usque. 8
Tropi falsd habiti.
Antonomasia imponit Cognomina ssepe. 9
EXEMPLA.
4. Berth factum, (i. e. male factum. ) 5. Vir gregis,
(i. e. dux gregis. ) Minatur, (i. e. promittit) pulchra.
6. Currit odor Euro, (i. e. citissime. ) 7. Euphrates, (i. e.
Mesopotamia, i. e. ejus incolse), movet bellum. 8. Venus,
(i. e. amor) friget sine Cerere, (i. e. pane) & Baccho, (i.
e. vino. ) 9. Hie adest Irus, (i. e. pauper. ) Macides, (i.
e. Achilles) vicit. Pcenus, (i. e. Hannibal) tulit victoriam.
Cytherea, (i. e. Venus, Dea insula? Cytherse. ) Philoso-
phus, (i. e. Aristoteles) asserit. Poeta, (i. e. Virgilius)
canit iEneam.
DERIVATIONES.
4. ab eiqoiVEvo^iai. dissimulo. 5. a xara^do/ua*, abu-
tor. 6. ab inEQS&llw, supero. 7. a fiETotlafifitivw, parti-
cipo. 8. ab uXlyyogiw, aliud dico. 9. ab fori, pro, &
6v ofi&r oj, nomino.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 123
And Irony, dissembling- with an air, 4
Thinks otherwise than what the words declare.
Affections of Tropes.
A Catachresis words too far doth strain : 5
Rather from such abuse of speech refrain.
Hyperbole soars too high or creeps too low : 6
Exceeds the truth, things wonderful to show.
By Metalepsis, in one word combined, 7
More Tropes than one you easily may find.
An Allegory tropes continues still, 8
Which with new graces every sentence fill.
/
Tropes improperly accounted so.
Antonomasia proper names imparts 9
From kindred, country, epithets, or arts.
EXAMPLES.
4. Fairly done, (i. e. scandalously done. ) Good Boy,
(i. e. Bad Boy. ) ' 5. The Man, (i. e. Chief) of the Flock.
He threatens, (i. e. promises) a favour. 6. He runs
swifter than the wind, (i. e. very swiftly. ) 7. Euphrates,
(i. e. Mesopotamia, i. e. its Inhabitants) moves War. 8.
Venus grows cold without Ceres and Bacchus, i. e. (Love
grows cold without Bread and Wine. ) 9. There goes
Irus, (i. e. a poor Man. ) Macides (i. e. Achilles) con-
quered. The Carthaginian, (i. e. Hannibal) won the
Field. Cytherea, (i. e. Venus worshipped in the Island
so called. ) The Philosopher, (i. e. Aristotle) asserted so.
The Poet , (i. e. Virgil) sings of JEneas.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
4. Dissimulation. 5. Abuse. 6. Excess. 7. Partici-
pation. 8. Speaking otherwise. 9. For a name.
12
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? 124 ARS RH"ETORICA.
Si plus quam dicis signes, Litotes vocabis. 10
A sonitu voces Onomatopoeia flngit. 11
Antiphrasis voces tibi per contraria signat. 12
Dat Ckarientismus pro duris mollia verba. 13
Asteismus jocus urbanus, seu scomma facetum est. 14
Est inimica viri Biasyrmus abusio vivi. 15
Insultans hosti illudit Sarcasmus amare. 16
Si quid proverbi fertur Parosmia dicta est. 17
EXEMPLA.
10. Non laudo tua munera nee sperno, (i. e. vitupero
ea tamen accipio). 11. Tinnitus seris ; rugitus leonum.
12. Lucus, a luceo, significat opacum nemus. 13. Ad
bona verba precor : ne sasvi, magna Sacerdos. 14. Qui
Bavium non odit, amet tua carmina Msevi : atque idem
jungat vulpes, & mulgeat hircos. 15. In strepitu can-
tas : digna sed argutos interstrepere anser olores. 16.
Satia te sanguine, Cyre. 17. Lupum auribus teneo.
DERIVATIONES.
10. a Uxbg, tenuis. 11. ab dvojuotTOTToUa, nomen facio.
12. ab dpTKpg&'Qoj, per contrarium loquor. 13. a x a Q t6V -
x^o^a/, jocor. 14. ab dgelog, urbanus. 15. a diaovgco,
convitior. 16. a rro^xd^w, irrideo. 17. a naqoifii6it,o(x(xv 9
proverbialiter loquor.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 125
Litotes doth more sense than words include, 10
And often by two negatives hath stood.
Onomatopoeia coins words from sound, 11
By which alone the meaning may be found.
Antiphrasis makes words to disagree 12
From sense ; if rightly they derived be.
Charientismus , when it speaks, doth choose 13
The softer for the harsher words to use.
Asteismus loves to jest with strokes of wit, 14
And slily with the point of satire hit.
A Diasyrmus must ill nature show, 15
And ne'er omits t' insult a living foe.
Sarcasmus with a biting jeer doth kill, 16
And every word with strongest venom fill.
Parcemia by a Proverb tries to teach 17
A short, instructing, and a nervous speech.
EXAMPLES.
10. I neither praise your Gifts, nor despise them, (i. e.
I dispraise your Gifts, yet I accept them. ) 11. The
tinkling of brass ; the roaring of lions. 12. Lucus, from
Lux, Light, signifies a dark shady Grove. 13. Be not
so angry : Heaven send better News. 14. Who hates
not Bavius, let him love Maevius' verses ; and he that
loves either, let him yoke foxes and milk the He-goats.
15. You cackle like a Goose among the tuneful Swans.
16. Now Cyrus, glut yourself with Blood. 17. I know
not what to do.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
10. Lessening. 11. Feigning a name. 12. Contrary
Word. 13. Softening. 14. Civility. 15. Detraction.
16; Bitter Taunt. 17. A Proverb.
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? 126 ARS RHETORICA.
JEnigma obscuris tecta est sententia verbis. 18
Figure Dictionis in eodem Sono.
Dat varium sensum voci Antanaclasis eidem. 19
Atque Ploce repetit proprium ; communiter hocce. 20
Diversis membris frontem dat Anaphora eandem. 21
Complures clausus concludit Epistropke eodem. 22
Symploce eas jungit, complexa utramque figuram. 23
Incipit et voce exit Epanalepsis eadem. 24
Est Anadiplosis cum quae postrema prions 25
Vox est, hsec membri fit dictio prima sequentis.
EXEMPLA
18. Armido Nilotis, (i. e. Papyrus Nili) yrofext Jiliolas
Cadmi, (i. e. Graecas literas inventas ab illo. ) 19. Quis
neget iEnese natum de stirpe Neronem ? Sustulit hie
matrem, sustulit ille patrem ! 20. In hac victoria Caesar
erat Casar, (i. e.
