No More Learning

Hāfiz, Khwaja Shams-ad-din Muhammad
(Pers. pro. hâ-fiz). Persia's famous lyric poet;
born at Shiraz, about 1300; died there, 1389.
The most complete English edition of his
works is that of H. Wilberforce Clarke : (The
Divān i Hāfiz, Translated (1891). Hāfiz seems
to be most characteristic in his many “Ghazels)
or odes, whose themes are his own emotions.
Sir William Jones was one of the first English
translators. Other English translations include:
(Selections from Hāfiz) (1875), by H. Bicknell;
(Persian Poetry for English Readers) (pri-
vately printed, 1883), by S. Robinson; (Ghazels
from the Divan of Hāfiz) (1893), by Justin
Huntley McCarthy. There is a complete Ger-
man translation by V. von Rosenzweig (3 vols. ,
1856-64). *
Hagedorn, Friedrich von (hä'ge-dorn). A
German poet; born at Hamburg, April 23,
1708; died there, Oct. 28, 1754. He was suc-
cessively in diplomacy, law, and trade, giving
:


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HAGGARD-HALE
243
3
his leisure to literature. A volume of Poetry,
Fables, and Narratives,' in 1738, after Lafon-
taine's style, was well received, and followed
by (Odes and Songs, and versified tales of a
moral tendency. He is noted for good taste
and a pleasing style.
Haggard, Henry Rider. An English nov-
elist; born at Beadenham, Norfolk, June 22,
1856. His long residence in South Africa
afforded him much of the material for his
fictions. (King Solomon's Mines) (1885) and
Allan Quatermain) (1887) were not particu-
larly successful; but (She, an extravaganza of
adventure and supernaturalism, made his name
really celebrated, His later works include (Mr.
Meeson's Will,? (Cleopatra, (The World's De-
sire,' and some others.
Hague, Arnold. An American geologist;
born in Boston, Dec. 3, 1840; graduated at the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale (1863); after
which he studied three years at the univer-
sities of Göttingen and leidelberg. In 1867
he was appointed assistant geologist on the
United States geological exploration of the 40th
parallel, under Clarence King. In part, his
published works are: (The Volcanoes of Cal-
ifornia, Oregon, and Washington Territory)
(1883); (The Volcanic Rocks of the Great
Basin (1884); (The Volcanic Rocks of Salva-
dor); Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks
of Washoe.
Hague, William. An American clergyman
and prose-writer; born in Pelham, N. Y. , Jan.
4, 1808; died in Boston, Aug. 1, 1887. He held
pastorates in Baptist churches in Utica, N. Y. ,
Boston, Providence, and New York; and was
professor of homiletics in the Baptist Theo-
logical Seminary at Chicago in 1869. Besides
his writings on religion, he published (Ralph
Waldo Emerson, and Life Notes, or Fifty
Years' Outlook. )
Hahn, Yelena Andreyevna (hän). A Rus-
sian novelist ; born (Fadeyev) in 1814; died at
St Petersburg in 1842. Of her stories, (Ut-
balla, (The World's Judgment,' and (Theo-
phania, are the most important.
Hahn, Ludwig Philipp (hän). A German
dramatist; born in Trippstedt, Pfalz, March 22,
1746; died at Zweibrücken, 1814. His trage-
dies (Count Karl of Adelsberg) and (Robert
von Hohenecken) are his ablest efforts. He
belongs to the storm and stress) period of
German literature, and displays its traits. He
is sometimes confused with Johann Friedrich
Hahn, an occasional poet, born about 1750,
died in 1779.
Hahn-Hahn, Ida von, Countess (hän hän).
A German novelist; born at Tressow, Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, June 22, 1805; died at Mainz,
May 12, 1880. Domestic troubles involving a
separation from her husband turned her mind
to travel and literature. The scenes familiar
to her were reproduced in her novels, which
met with popular favor, particularly (Ulrich)
and (Two Women. At the height of her
career she became a convert to the Catholic
faith. She now produced various books of a
proselytizing nature, and in 1852 took the veil.
Her death took place in a convent founded
by herself.
Hake, Thomas Gordon. An English poet
and physician; born in Leeds, in 1809; died in
London, Jan. II, 1895. He took his medical
degree at Glasgow University in 1831, and
practiced his profession in East Anglia, later
becoming the physician and friend of Dante
Gabriel Rossetti. His poetry is thoroughly
original, but quaint, vague, and subtly philo-
sophical. His works include : (Poetic Lucubra-
tions) (1828); “Vates: A Prose Epic) (1839);
(New Symbols,' verse (1875); (Maiden Ecstasy,
verse (1880); (A Divine Pastoral (1883).
Hakluyt, Richard (hakʼlöt). An eminent
English geographer; born in Herefordshire (or
London ? ) in 1552 or 1553; died Oct. (or Nov. )
23, 1616. He had a passion for and keen insight
into cosmographic questions; and introduced
globes into English schools. He took holy
orders, and held befitting positions under gove
ernment. In 1598 appeared his great history
of the important voyages of English seamen.
The Hakluyt Society, of London, which pub-
lishes old and rare books on geography and
navigation, was named in his honor. *
Halderman, Samuel Stehman. An Ameri-
can naturalist and prose-writer; born in Locust
Grove, Pa. , Aug. 12, 1812; died in Chickies,
Pa. , Sept. 10, 1880. He was the first to hold
the chair of comparative philology at the
University of Pennsylvania; was a member of
many scientific societies, and was editor of the
Pennsylvania Farmers' Journal. Among his pub-
lished works are: (Zoological Contributions
(1842-43); (Rhymes of the Poets,' published
under the pen-name of “Felix Ago » (1868);
(Pennsylvania Dutch) (1872); (Outlines of Ety-
mology) (1877); and (Word Building (1881).
Hale, Edward Everett. A distinguished
American divine and prose-writer; born April
3, 1822, in Boston, Mass. , where he now re-
sides. He has strongly impressed his individu-
ality upon his time. He is singularly felicitous
as a writer of short stories, among which the
most widely read are: My Double and How
He Undid Me); (The Man Without a Coun-
try); (The Skeleton in the Closet); (Ten
Times One Is Ten); (In His Name. One
well-known collection is entitled (The Ing-
ham Papers. Among his longer stories are :
(Philip Nolan's Friends); (Mr. Tangier's Va-
cations); (Ups and Downs. His occasional
papers and writings for periodicals are exceed-
ingly numerous; and as pastor of the South
Congregational (Unitarian) Church of Boston,
his influence has been marked, and his name is
familiarly known and cherished throughout the
United States. *
Hale, Horatio. An American ethnologist
and lawyer; born in rt, N. H. , Ma 3,
1817; died in Clinton, Canada, 1896. Shortly


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HALE- HALL
244
after graduating at Harvard he was made phi-
lologist to the government exploring expedition
under Capt. Wilkes, and studied the languages
of the Pacific Islands, North and South Amer-
ica, Australia, and Africa. The results of his
observations were published in Ethnography
and Philology) (1846). From 1855 he practiced
law at Clinton. His other works are : Indian
Migrations as Evidenced by Language) (1883);
(The Iroquois Book of Rites) (1883); "A Report
on Blackfoot Tribes) (1885).
Hale, Lucretia Peabody. An American au-
thor, sister of E. E. Hale; born in Boston, Mass. ,
Sept. 2, 1820. She has published, among other
works, (The Lord's Supper and its Observance)
(1866); (The Service of Sorrow) (1867); (The
Wolf at the Door) in the No Name Series)
(1877); (The Peterkin Papers) (1882); (The
Last of the Peterkins) (1886). She also wrote
(The New Harry and Lucy) (with E. E. Hale).
Her chief fame is as the creator of the Peter-
kins, who have become popularly recognized
types of character.
Hale, Sarah Josepha (Buell). An Ameri-
can editor and writer; born in Newport, N. H. ,
Oct. 24, 1788; died in Philadelphia, April 30,
1879. From 1828 until 1837 she edited the
Ladies'. Magazine, which was then merged into
Godey's Lady's Book, of which she became edi-
tor. Among her publications are: (Sketches
of all Distinguished Women from the Creation
to the Present Day) (1853); (The Genius of
Oblivion, and Other Poems'; Northwood, a
novel (1827); (Sketches of American Charac-
ter); (Traits of American Life); and many
others.
Hale, Susan. An American artist, writer of
travels, and biographer, sister of E. E. Hale ;
born at Boston, 1838. She has written (Life
and Letters of Thomas Gold Appleton) (1885).
With her brother she wrote the 'Family Flight)
series of travels for young people.
Hálek Vitèzlav (häl’ek). A Czech poet;
born at Dolinek, Bohemia, April 5, 1835; died
at Prague, Oct. 8, 1874. His lyric poems have
met with wider, appreciation than his stories
among his countrymen. His plays have been
staged with success. His best poetry appears
in a volume entitled (Nature. )
Halévy, Ludovic (ä-lā-vē'). A French nov-
elist and dramatist of Jewish extraction; born
at Paris, Jan. I, 1834. At first adopting an official
career, the success of his librettos for Offen-
bach turned him towards the drama, where he
won fame and fortune. With Henri Meilhac
he collaborated in works unique even on the
French stage. His peculiar gift is an irony
exquisitely adapted to a French audience : "La
Belle Hélène) and (The Grand Duchess of
Gérolstein) are instances. In 1882 appeared
"L'Abbé Constantin,' a novel which has been
enormously successful. He has since written
three or four others, besides sketches; and in
dramatic trifles he is most prolific. He became
a member of the Academy in 1886. *
Haliburton, Thomas Chandler. ["Sam
Slick. ”] A Canadian author; born at Wind-
sor, Nova Scotia, in 1796; died at Isleworth,
near London, Aug. 27, 1865. Originally a lawyer,
he became a judge in Nova Scotia. In addition
to his famous (Sam Slick) papers (1835) he
produced serious historical and sociological
books, dealing principally with conditions in
Nova Scotia. He removed to England after
resigning his colonial judgeship, and was a
Member of Parliament in 1859. *
Hall, Ann Maria Fielding, Mrs. An Irish
writer of fiction, wife of Samuel C. ; born at
Dublin, Jan. 6, 1800; died Jan. 30, 1881. At one
time her novels and short stories of Irish life
enjoyed great popularity. Besides the works
written in collaboration with her husband (for
which see his name) she published : “Sketches
of Irish Character) (1829); (The Buccaneer)
(1832); Lights and Shadows of Irish Life)
(1838); (Tales of the Irish Peasantry' (1840).
Of her dramas the most successful was (The
French Refugee, produced in 1837.
Hall, Basil. A British naval officer and
traveler; born at Edinburgh, Dec. 31, 1788;
died at Portsmouth, England, Sept. 11, 1844.
He accompanied Lord Amherst's embassy to
China (1815-17), assisting in important explora-
tions of the eastern seas; and visited the United
States in 1827. He wrote: (Voyage of Dis-
covery to the West Coast of Corea, etc. ) (1818);
(Travels 'in North America) (1829); Frag-
ments of Voyages and Travels) (1831-33), his
best work; and others.
Hall, Christopher Newman. An English
clergyman and religious writer; born at Maid-
stone, May 22, 1816. He is minister of Christ
Church in Hull. He was a stanch friend of
the Northern cause during the Civil War, and
afterwards made two extensive tours in the
United States to allay the bitter feeling towards
Great Britain. Of his religious writings a devo-
tional treatise, Come to Jesus, is the best
known, having had a circulation of 3,000,000
in twenty languages. He has also written :
(Antidote to Fear); (Homeward Bound);
(Land of the Forum and Vatican' (1854);
(Pilgrim Songs in Cloud and Sunshine' (1871);
(Gethsemane.
Hall, Charles Winslow. An American law.
yer, and writer of romance and adventure;
born 184- He has written : (Arctic Rovings)
(1861); (Twice Taken (1867); (Adrift in the
Icefields) (1877); Drifting Round the World'
(1881).
Hall, Fitzedward. An American philolo-
gist; born in Troy, N. Y. , March 21, 1825. He
graduated from Harvard in 1846. He spent
many years in India, and made a thorough
study of its tongues, contributing to local jour-
nals original translations in prose and verse. ,
He had the D. C. L. from Oxford in 1860. Set-
tling in London in 1862, he accepted the chair
of Sanskrit and Indian jurisprudence in King's
College. He was the first American to edit a


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HALL-HALLOWELL
245
Sanskrit text. Professor Hall discovered the
supposed lost works : Bhârata's Nâtyasástra,
Marshaacharita,' and a complete copy of the
valuable (Brihaddevatâ. His contributions to
our knowledge of Hindu and allied literatures
are of inestimable value, and his text-books in
this field are valuable and authoritative. He
is one of the chief collaborators in Dr. Mur-
ray's great "Etymological Dictionary. )
Hall, Gertrude. An American poet and
writer of short stories; born 186- Her home
is in Boston. She has written: Far from
To-day, a collection of short stories; (Alle-
gretto,' a book of verse; (Foam of the Sea,
and Other Tales); etc.
Hall, Granville Stanley. An American
educator and psychologist; born at Ashfield,
Mass. , about 1845. From 1872 to 1876 he
was professor of psychology in Antioch Col-
lege, Ohio, and in 1882 became a professor of
that subject in Johns Hopkins University at
Baltimore. On the establishment of Clark Uni-
versity at Worcester, Mass. , he was made its
president. He is the editor of the American
Journal of Psychology and the Pedagogical
Seminary, and the author of "Aspects of German
Culture) (1881); (Hints toward a Bibliography
of Education (1886), with J. M. Mansfield;
(How to Teach Reading. '
Hall, John.
An American clergyman and
religious writer; born in County Armagh, Ire-
land, July 31, 1829. He became pastor of a
Presbyterian church in Armagh in 1852, and
in 1858 of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. In 1867
he was called to the Fifth Avenue Church,
New York city. His works include: (Family
Prayers for Four Weeks) (1868); (Papers for
Home Reading) (1871); 'Questions of the Day)
(1873); (Foundation Stones for Young Build-
ers) (1879).
Hall, Samuel Carter. An English editor
and miscellaneous writer; born at Topsham,
Devonshire, England, in 1801; died March 16,
1889. For over forty years he was the editor
of the Art Journal, which he founded in 1839.
In collaboration with his wife (see Ann Maria)
he published the well-known work, Ireland,
its Scenery and Character) (1841-43); (Book
of Royalty) (1838); (A Woman's Story' (1857);
(The Book of the Thames) (1859); (A Com-
panion to Killarney) (1878); and others. His
separate works were : (A Book of Memories);
Book of British Ballads); "Baronial Halls. )
Hallam, Henry. An English historian;
born at Windsor, July 9, 1777 ; died at Pick-
hurst, Kent, Jan. 21, 1859. He was of astonish-
ing precocity both in reading and in composi-
tion; graduated from Oxford at 22, and at
once settled down to the bar; but marrying
one fortune and inheriting another, retired
from legal practice and devoted himself to
history. In 1818 the appearance of (A View
of the State of Europe during the Middle
Ages' gave him an instant and enduring fame
such as no other mere compilation has ever
won for a writer; a result due to the sagacity
judgment, and impartiality it displays. Nine
years later came the Constitutional History
of England, continuing the last chapter of his
(Middle Ages); and in 1837-39 the Intro-
duction to the Literature of Europe during the
Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Cen-
turies. ' *
Halleck, Fitz-Greene. An American poet;
born in Guilford, Conn. , July 8, 1790; died
there, Nov. 19, 1867. He was one of the origi-
nal trustees of the Astor Library, and held
other posts of responsibility in connection with
it. His best-known poems include: Marco
Bozzaris) (1827), and (Fanny. He was joint
author with Joseph Rodman Drake of the
(Croaker) papers, which appeared in a New
York newspaper in 1819. *
Haller, Albrecht von (häl'ler). A Swiss
German botanist, physiologist, and poet; was
born at Bern, Oct. 16, 1708; and died there,
Dec. 12, 1777. His scientific writings form a
considerable part of the literature of his several
specialties; but the most charming of these is
his work as a poet. His celebrated lines on
( The Alps) have been quoted as an example
of great strength of imagery. His poem "On
the Origin of Evil) shows no falling off in
power. In his later years he wrote some po-
litical novels, among them (Alfred, King of
the Anglo-Saxons) (1773).
Hallevi. Jehudah (hä'lā-vē). A Spanish-
Jewish poet, physician, astronomer, and mathe-
matician, under the Arabic caliphate ; born in
Toledo, in 1080 (? ); died at Jerusalem, about
1150. *
Halliday, Samuel Byram. An American
Congregational minister; born in New Jersey,
1812. He was for nearly twenty years assist-
ant of Henry Ward Beecher at Plymouth
Church, Brooklyn. He has written (The Lit-
tle Street Sweeper); (The Lost and Found)
(1859); “Winning Souls) (1873); (The Church
in America and its Baptisms of Fire); etc.
Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard. An
eminent English Shakespearian and antiqua-
rian; born in London, June 21, 1820; died
near Brighton, Jan. 3, 1889. He devoted his
life and large wealth to research among old
records for traces of Shakespeare, publishing
private editions of Shakespeariana, buying
singly or with others Shakespeare buildings at
Stratford, etc. ; and to editing old English
works. A large part of the verified knowledge
of Shakespeare's personality we possess is due
to him.
Hallock, Charles. An American journalist;
born in New York, 1834. He was founder and
proprietor (1873-80) of Forest and Stream.
He has written "The Fishing Tourist (1873),
a guide for anglers; (Camp Life in Florida)
(1875); (Our New Alaska) (1886); etc.
Hallock, William Allen. An American
clergyman, noted as the lifelong secretary of
the American Tract Society; born in Plain-
(


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246
HALLOWELL-HAMLEY
field, Mass. , June 2, 1794; died in New York,
Oct. 2, 1880. He published (Life of Harlan
Page); Life of Moses Hallock); Life of
Justin Edwards); and many tracts.
Hallowell, Richard Price. An American
writer and merchant; born in Philadelphia,
Dec. 16, 1835. He was a follower of Phillips
and Garrison in the abolition movement, and
wrote much for the Index. Among his works
are (The Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts)
(1883), and "The Pioneer Quakers) (1887).
Halm, Friedrich (hälm ). See Münch-
Bellinghausen.
Halpine, Charles Graham. [Miles O'Reil-
ly. ”] An Irish-American miscellaneous writer;
born in Ireland, 1829; came to this country at
23; died 1868. He was a New York journal-
ist. He served through the Civil War, attain-
ing the rank of colonel. His writings include:
Lyrics'; Poems'; Miles O'Reilly Papers);
(Life and Adventures of Private Miles O'Reil-
ly); (Baked Meats of the Funeral); 'Poetical
Works); etc.
Hamerling, Robert (hä'mer-ling). An Aus-
trian poet of high and enduring place; born
in Kirchberg-am-Walde, March 24, 1830; died
at Gratz, July 13, 1889. Of humble parents, but
reared and well educated in Vienna, he gained
influential patronage by poems published at
20, and became a lecturer in the University
of Trieste; but retiring on account of illness,
was pensioned during the next twenty years.
He produced poems, plays, and romances,
which rank him among the first poets of the
new time for thought, euphony, and technique.
His greatest work is (Ahasuerus in Rome)
(1866), a vivid epic of Nero's time and the
dying paganism. The later (King of Zion,'
in hexameters; "Cupid and Psyche); and
(Homunculus,' a satire on the unspirituality
of the present age, are worthy his genius.
(Aspasia) is a powerful, graphic, and erudite,
but sometimes tedious, picture of Hellenic life
and manners in Pericles's time. "The Seven
Deadly Sins) is a noteworthy but minor fight
of fancy. In his latter years he published an
autobiography, “Stages of my Life Pilgrimage. )
Hamerton, Philip Gilbert. An English artist,
art-writer, and writer on many topics; born at
Laneside, Lancashire, Sept. 10, 1834; died near
Boulogne, France, Nov. 5, 1894. His works in-
clude: (Thoughts about Art); (Etching and
Etchers); Contemporary French Painters);
(Painting in France); “ The Intellectual Life);
(The Graphic Arts); (Human Intercourse);
(The Quest of Happiness); (Autobiography)
(incomplete, but supplemented by his widow);
and two or three novels. His most character-
istic work is (A Painter's Camp in the High-
lands. ' *
Hamilton, Alexander. An American states-
man;
born in the island of Nevis, West Indies,
Jan. II, 1757 ; killed in a duel by Aaron Burr,
near New York, July 12, 1804. He became a
captain in the Continental Army 1776; mem-
ber of the Continental Congress 1782-83; of
the Constitutional Convention 1787. He was
Secretary of the Treasury 1789-95. In 1798,
during the trouble with France, he was made
inspector-general of the army, with the rank
of major-general, and was for a short time in
1799 commander-in-chief. His works include
the larger part of (The Federalist,' and nu-
merous political pamphlets and public docu-
ments and reports. His Collected Works) in
8 vols. , edited by his son, appeared in 1851. *
Hamilton, Anthony. An English author;
born in Tipperary, Ireland, about 1646; died at
St. Germain-en-Laye, France, in 1720. Of a
Royalist family, and forced to live in France
from childhood till the Restoration, his wit and
moral tone are rather French than English.
His Memoirs of the Count de Grammont)
(1713) has been universally read and admired;
and his mock-Oriental tales are full of grace
and subtle irony. *
Hamilton, Elizabeth. An Irish miscella-
neous writer; born at Belfast, 1758; died at
Harrogate, England, 1816. Her first serious
work, «The Letters of a Hindoo Rajah' (2
vols. ), appeared in 1796. (The Modern Phi-
losophers) (1800) was followed by Memoirs
of Agrippina) and Letters to the Daughters
of a Nobleman. The best of her works, (The
Cottagers of Glenburnie,' was published in 1808.
Hamilton, Gall. See Dodge, Mary Abigail.
Hamilton, John Church. An American bi-
ographer and historian, son of Alexander Ham-
ilton; born in Philadelphia, 1792; died 1882.
Besides editing his father's works (1851), he
wrote: Memoirs and Life of Alexander Ham-
ilton' (2 vols. , 1834-40); History of the Re-
public) (4th ed. 1879); “The Prairie Province)
(1876), sketches of travel.
Hamilton, Thomas. A Scottish novelist;
born in 1789; died at Pisa, Italy, Dec. 7, 1842.
He was educated at Glasgow University. After
showing an incapacity for business, he obtained
a commission in the 29th Regiment. Retiring
from the service about 1818, he soon became
known as contributor to Blackwood's. His
novel, (Cyril Thornton, published in 1827,
reached several editions. Annals of the Pen-
insular Campaign came out in 1829; "Men and
Manners in America) in 1833.
Hamilton, William. A Scottish poet; born
in 1704, at Bangour, Linlithgowshire; died
March 25, 1754, at Lyons, France. He wrote
(The Braes of Yarrow,' and other poems.
Hamley, Edward Bruce, Sir. An English
general; born at Bodmin, Cornwall, in 1824;
died in London, Aug. 12, 1893. He served
through the Crimean War; was professor of
military history at Sandhurst 1858-64, and com-
mandant there 1870-77; and was division com-
mander in the Egyptian war of 1882.
His
chief work is (Operations of War) (1866; 4th
ed. 1878), the recognized text-book for military
:


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HAMMER -- HARDY
247
examinations. Among his other publications
are: (The Story of the Campaign? (1855), a
narrative of the Crimean War; Wellington's
Career (1860); Voltaire) in (Foreign Classics)
(1877); (The War in the Crimea' (1890).
Hammer, Julius (häm'mer). A German
poet and prose-writer; born in Dresden, June
7, 1810; died at Pillnitz, Aug. 23, 1862. His
comedy called (The Strange Breakfast) (1834)
was followed by a volume of charming lyric
poetry under the title (Look About You, Look
Within You) (1851); and by Learn, Live,
Love,' and other successful efforts. His nov-
els show talent; but his reputation must rest
upon his verse, which is graceful, unhackneyed,
and ingenious.
Hammerich, Peter Frederik Adolf (häm'-
mer-ich). A Danish poet, theologian, and his-
torian; born in Copenhagen, 1809; died there,
Feb. 9, 1877. During the Danish-German War
he was an army chaplain; and after it he was
elected to Parliament, and began to write his-
tory. As a poet his Hero Songs) deserve
special mention.
Hammond, Mrs. Henrietta (Hardy). [« Henri
Dangé. ] An American novelist; born in Vir-
ginia, 1854; died 1883. She wrote: (The
Georgians); (A Fair Philosopher); (Her Wait-
ing Heart'; (Woman's Secrets, or How to be
Beautiful); and other books.
Hammond, William Alexander. A distin-
guished American physician and medical
writer, also a novelist; born at Annapolis,
Md. , Aug. 28, 1828. His home is in New
York. He was surgeon-general in the Civil
War (1862–64). Among his novels are: “Rob-
ert Severne) (1866); Dr. Grattan) (1884);
(Lal) (1884); "On the Susquehanna (1887).
Hanaford, Mrs. Phebe Ann (Coffin). An
American miscellaneous writer and Universalist
minister; born in Massachusetts in 1829. She
was the first of her sex to become a member
of the Universalist clergy. In 1887 she was
called to a church in New Haven, Conn. , and
has retained the charge ever since. Her works
are: Life of Abraham Lincoln); Life of
George Peabody); (Lucretia the Quakeress);
"Leonette, or Truth Sought and Found); (The
Best of Books and its History); Frank Nel-
son, the Runaway Boy); (The Soldier's Daugh-
ter'; 'Field, Gunboat, and Hospital; (Women
of the Century); (From Shore to Shore, and
Other Poems'; etc.
Hannay, James. An English novelist and
essayist; born at Dumfries, Scotland, Feb. 17,
1827; died near Barcelona, Spain, Jan. 9, 1873.
He was a midshipman for some years. His
contributions to Edinburgh periodicals, since
collected, have been widely read; and his nov.
els King Dobbs, (Singleton Fontenoy,' and
Eustace Conyers,' went through more than
one edition. His ability is in satire and deli-
cate irony rather than in characterization.
Hansen, Maurits Christopher (hän'sen). A
Norwegian poet; born in Modum, July 5, 1794;
died at Kongsberg, March 16, 1842. His models
in fiction seem to have been Fouqué and Tieck.
As a poet he is best represented by the volume
of Norse Idylls. ' His style is limpid, and
shows the influence of German studies. He
also wrote school grammars, and manuals of
literature, that have been widely used in Nor-
way.
Hanslick, Eduard (häns'lik). A German
musical critic and writer on æsthetics; born
at Prague, Sept. II, 1825. He surpassed all
contemporary workers in the field of musical
criticism, holding the position of professor of
musical criticism and history in the Vienna
University. He is a recognized authority among
European authors in music and æsthetics, owing
to his wit, imaginative power, thorough knowl.
edge of his specialties, and perfect command
of a luminous and pleasing style.
Hanssen, Ola (hän'sen). A Swedish-German
poet and author; born in Hönsing, Sweden,
Nov. 12, 1860. He had a passion for travel ;
going on foot in his impecunious early years,
but his first poems were successful enough to
improve his means. His masterpiece was "Love
Longings) (Sensitiva Amorosa), brought out
in 1887, and since translated into German and
French. He has lived in Berlin since 1889,
and written in German with grace and facility.
His poems combine vigorous thought with deli-
cate workmanship, and his literary essays are
those of an able and learned critic. ·
Hapgood, Isabella Florence. An American
translator and writer, who has paid particular
attention to Russian subjects; born in Massa-
chusetts in 1850. She has published (The Epic
Songs of Russia); (Russian Rambles); and is
well known as a translator of the works of Go.
gol, Hugo, and other great European writers.
Hapgood, Norman. An American journalist
of New York; born in Illinois. He graduated
at Harvard, and studied literature in Europe.
He is one of the younger members of the
journalistic guild in the metropolis, and has
published (Literary Statesmen and Others. )
Happel, Eberhard Werner (häp'el). A
German writer of fiction and prose miscellany;
born in Kirchhain, Hesse, Aug. 12, 1647; died
at Hamburg, May 15, 1690. His (Academic
Romance) is important as a contribution to
the records of literary and artistic evolution.
Harby, Isaac. An American dramatist;
born in South Carolina, 1788; died 1828.