] Corinth, at which
Archetimus
was present.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
i.
1, 2.
) If so, he abandoned other hand, places him in the reign of Ptolemy
the doctrine of Anaxagoras in its most important Euergetes 11. But both of these opinions are
point; and it therefore seems safer to conclude connected with chronological difficulties, and
with Ritter, that while he wished to inculcate Westermann has shewn that Archelaus in all pro-
the materialist notion that the mind is formed of bability flourished under Ptolemy Philadelphus, to
air, he still held infinite mind to be the cause of whom, according to Antigonus Carystius (l. C. ,
all things. This explanation has the advantage of comp. 89), he narrated wonderful stories (Tapa-
agreeing very fairly with that of Simplicius (1. c. ); doa) in epigrams. Besides this peculiar kind of
and as Anaxagoras himself did not accurately dis epigrams, Archelaus wrote a work called idioovi,
tinguish between mind and the animal soul, this i. e. strange or peculiar animals (Athen. ix. p. 409;
confusion may have given rise to his pupil's doc- Diog. Laërt. ii. 17), which seems to have likewise
trine. Archelaus deduced motion from the opposi- been written in verse, and to have created on
tion of heat and cold, caused of course, if we adopt strange and paradoxical subjects, like his epigrams.
the above hypothesis, by the will of the material (Plin. Elench. lib. xxviii. ; Schol. ad Nicand. Ther.
mind. This opposition separated fire and water, 822 ; Artemid. Oneirocr. iv. 22. Compare Wester-
and produced a slimy mass of earth. While the mann, Scriptor. Rer. mirabil. Graeci, p. xxi. , &c. ,
earth was hardening, the action of heat upon its who has also collected the extant fragments of
moisture gave birth to animals, which at first were Archelaus, p. 158, &c. )
[L. S. ]
nourished by the mud from which they sprang, ARCHELA'US ('Apxéraos), a Greek RHETO
and gradually acquired the power of propagating RICIAN of uncertain date, who wrote on his pro-
their species. All these animals were endowed fession ; whence he is called texvoypúpos doiwp.
with mind, but man separated from the others, and (Diog. Laërt. ii. 17. )
(L. S. )
established laws and societies. It was just from ARCHELA'US, a SCULPTOR of Priene, the son
this point of his physical theory that he seems to of Apollonius, made the marble bas-relief repre-
have passed into ethical speculation, by the propo- senting the Apotheosis of Homer, which formerly
sition, that right and wrong are où quoei ama vouc belonged to the Colonna family at Rome, and is
-a dogma probably suggested to him, in its form at now in the Townley Gallery of the British Museum
least, by the contemporary Sophists. But when we (Inscription on the work). The style of the bas
consider the purely mechanical and materialistic relief, which is little, if at all, inferior to the best
character of his physics, which make every thing remains of Grecian art, confirms the supposition
arise from the separation or distribution of the pri- that Archelaus was the son of Apollonius of Rhodes
mary elements, we shall see that nothing, except (APOLLONIUS), and that he flourished in the first
the original chaotic mass, is strictly by nature century of the Christian aera. From the circum-
(pvoel), and that Archelaus assigns the same origin stance of the “ Apotheosis” having been found in
to right and wrong that he does to man. Now a the palace of Claudius at Bovillae (now Frattocchi),
contemporaneous origin with that of the human coupled with the known admiration of that emperor
race is not rery different from what a sound sys for Homer (Suet. Claud. 42), it is generally supposed
tem of philosophy would demand for these ideas, that the work was executed in his reign. A de
though of course such a system would maintain scription of the bas-relief, and a list of the works
quite another origin of man; and therefore, assum- in which it is referred to, is given in The Townley
ing the Archelaic physical system, it does not ne- Gallery, in the Library of Entertaining Knowledge,
cessarily follow, that his ethical principles are so ii. p. 120.
[P. S. )
destr. Mive of all goodness as they appear. This ARCHELA'US ('Apxénaos), king of SPARTA,
view is made almost certain by the fact that De- 1 7 th of the Agids, son of Agesilaus I. , contempo
mocritus taught, that the ideas of sweet and bitter, rary with Charilaus, with whom he took Aegys, a
warm and cold, &c. , are by vóuos, which can be town on the Arcadian border, said to have revolt-
accounted for only by a similar supposition. ed, but probahly then first taken. (Paus. iii. 2;
Of the other doctrines of Archelaus we need Plut. Lyc. 5; Euseb. Praep. v. 32. ) [A. H. C. )
only mention, that he asserted the earth to have ARCHELA'US ('Apxéraos), son of 'THEODO-
the form of an egg, the sun being the largest of the US, was appointed by Alexander the Great the
stars; and that he correctly accounted for speech military commander in Susiana, B. C. 300. (Arrian,
by the motion of the air. For this, according to Mi. 16; Curt. v. 2. ) In the division of the provinces
Plutarch (Plac. Phil. iv. 19), he was indebted in 323, Archelaus obtained Mesopotamia. (Dexipp.
10 Anaxagoras.
ap. Phot. Cod. 82, p. 64, b. , ed. Bekker. )
## p. 265 (#285) ############################################
ARCHESTRATUS.
265
ARCHIAS.
"
ARCIIEÄMACIUS ('Apxéuaxos). There are tiquity, and is constantly referred to by Athenaeus.
two mythical personages of this name, concerning In no part of the Hellenic world was the art of
whom nothing of interest is known, the one a son good living carried to such an extent as in Sicily
of Hemcles and the other a son of Priam. (Apollod. (the Siculae dapes, Hor. Carm. ii. 1. 18, became
ii. 7. $ 8, iii. 12. & 5. )
(L. S. ] proverbial); and Terpsion, who is described as 1
ARCHE'MACHUŚ ('Apxéuayos), of Euboch, teacher of Archestratus, had already written a
wrote a work on his native country, which con- work on the Art of Cookery. (Athen. viii. p. 337,
sisted at least of three books. (Strab. x. p. 465; b. ) The work of Archestratus is cited by the an-
Athen. vi. p. 264, a. ; Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. cients under five different titles,-l'actponovia,
327, a ed. Paris, 1629 ; Ηarpocrat. 5. 5. Κοτύλαιον | Γαστρονομία, Οψοποιΐα, Δειπνολογία, and Ηδυπά-
O pos; Plut. de Is. et Osir. c. 27. ) Whether this Deia. ' Ennius wrote an imitation or translation of
Archelaus was the author of the grammatical work this poem under the title of Carmina Helypatheticu
Ai Metwvuuía. (Schol. ad Apolion. Rhod. iv. or liedypathica. (Apul. Apol. p. 484, Oudend. )
262), is uncertain.
Archestratus delivered his precepts in the style
ARCHEMOʻRUS ('Apxéuwpos), a son of the and with the gravity of the old gnomic poets,
Nemean king Lycurgus, and Eurydice. His real whence he is called in joke the Hesiod or Thcognis
name was Opheltes, which was said to have been of gluttons, and his work is referred to as the
changed into Archemorus, that is, “the Forerunner “Golden Verses,” like those of Pythagoras. (Athen.
of death,” on the following occasion. When the vii. pp. 310, a. 320,f. ) His description of the various
Seven heroes on their expedition against Thebes natural objects used for the table was so accurate,
stopped at Nemea to take in water, the nurse of that Aristotle made use of his work in giving an
the child Opheltes, while shewing the way to the account of the natural history of fishes. The ex-
Seven, left the child alone. In the meantime, the tant fragments have been collected and explained
child was killed by a dragon, and buried by the by Schneider, in his edition of Aristotle's Natural
Seven. But as Amphiaraus saw in this accident History (vol. i. pp. lv. -lxxv. ), and also by Do-
an omen boding destruction to him and his com- menico Scina, under the title of " I frammenti
panions, they called the child Archemorus, and della Gastronomia di Archestrato raccolti e volgit-
instituted the Nemean games in honour of him. rizzati," Palermo, 1823, 8vo.
(Apollod. iii. 6. $ 4. )
(L. S. ] 2. The author of a work Tepl Aŭanta (Athen.
ARCHE'NOR ('Apxýrop), one of the Niobids xiv. p. 634, d. ) seems to be a different person from
(Hygin. Fab. 11), and perhaps the same who is the one mentioned above.
called by Orid (Met. vi. 248) Alphenor. The ARCHETI'MUS ('Apxetiuós), of Syracuse,
names of the Niobids, however, differ very much wrote an account of the interview of Thales and
in the different lists.
(L. S. ] the other wise men of Greece with Cypselus of
ARCHESITA. [ARCESILAUS, Artists, No. 4.
] Corinth, at which Archetimus was present. (Diog.
ARCHESTRATUS ('Apxéotpatos). 1. One Laert. i. 40. )
of the ten otpatnyol who were appointed to super- A'RCHIÁS ('Apxlas), of Corinth, the founder
sede Alcibiades in the command of the Athenian of Syracuse, B. c. 734. He was a Heracleid, either
fleet after the battle of Notium, B. C. 407. Xenon of the Bacchiad or the Temenid line, and of high
phon and Diodorus, who give us his name in this account at Corinth. In consequence of the death
list, say no more of him ; but we learn from Lysias of Actaeon (ACTAEON, No. 2) he resolved to leave
that he died at Mytilene, and he appears therefore his country. He consulted the Delphic Oracle,
to have been with Conon when Callicratidas which directed him, says Pausanias, who gives the
chased the Athenian fleet thither from 'Exatór three hexameters, “to an Ortygia in Trinacrin,
mooi (Xen. Hell. i. 5. § 16; Diod. xiii. 74, 77, where Arethusa and Alpheius reappeared. ” Ac-
78; Lys. 'Aton. Owpoo. p. 162; Schn. ad Xen. cording to an account given in Strabo, Steph.
Hell. i. 6. $ 16; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. iv. p. 119, Byz. , and at greater length, with the four verses
note 3. )
of the Oracle, by the Scholiast to Aristophanes,
2. A member of the Bouah at Athens, who he and Myscellus, the founder of Croton, were
during the siege of the city after the battle of inquiring together, and when the Pythoness asked
Aegospotami, B. c. 405, was thrown into prison which they would choose, health or wealth,
for advising capitulation on the terms required by Myscellus chose health, and Archias wealth ; a
the Spartans. (Xen. Hell. ii. 2. & 15. )
decision with which, it was thought, the after-
3. The mover of the decree passed by the fortunes of their colonies were connected. Archins
Athenians at the instigation of Agnonides, that an sailed in company, we are also told by Strabo,
embassy sbould be sent to the Macedonian king with Chersicrates, his countryman, and left him at
Arrhidaeus Philip, and the regent Polysperchon, Corcyra: as also Myscellus at Croton, in the
to accuse Phocion of treason, B. C. 318. (Plut. founding of which he assisted. Thence he pro-
Phoc. c. 33. ) Schneider (ad Xen. Hell. ii. 2. ceeded to his destination. (Thuc. vi. 3; Plut.
$ 15), by a strange anachronism, identifies this Amat. Narr. p. 772; Diod. Exc. ii. p. 288; Paus.
Archestratus with the one mentioned immediately v. 7. $ 2; Strabo, vi. pp. 262, 269; Steph. Byz.
above.
(E. E. ) s. v. Syracus. ; Schol. ad Arist. Eq. 1089. See
ARCHE'STRATUS ('Apxéotpatos). 1. Of also Clinton, F. H. B. c. 734, and vol. ii
. pp. 264,
Gela or Syracuse (Athen. i. p. 4, d), but more | 265 ; Muller's Dor. i. 6. S 7. ) (A. H. C. )
usually described as a native of Gela, appears to ARCHIAS ('Apxías). 1. A Spartan, who fell
Lave lived about the time of the younger Dio- bravely in the Lacedaemonian attack upon Samos
nysius. He travelled through various countries in in B. c. 525. Herodotus saw at Pitana in Laconia
order to become accurately acquainted with every his grandson Archias. (Herod. iii. 55. )
thing which could be used for the table ; and gave 2. Of Thurii, originally an actor, was sent in
the results of his researches. in an Epic poem on B. C. 322, after the battle of Cranon, to apprehend
the Art of Cookery, which was celebrated in an- the orators whom Antipater had demanded of the
## p. 266 (#286) ############################################
266
ARCHIAS.
ARCHIDAMUS.
Athenians, and who had fied from Athens. lle was praetor this year. (Schol. Bob. p. 354, ed.
seized Hyperides and others in the sanctuary of Orelli. ) Cicero plended his cause in the speech by
Aeacus in Aegina, and transported them to Cleo which the name of Archias has been preserved.
nae in Argolis, where they were executed. He “If he had no legal righi, yet the man who stood
also apprehended Demosthenes in the temple of so high as an author, whose talent had been em-
Poseidon in Calaureia. Archias, who was nick- ployed in celebrating Lucullus, Marius, and him-
named pinyadoonpas, the bunter of the exiles, self, might well deserve to be a Roman citizen.
ended his life in great poverty and disgrace. (Plut. The register certainly, of Heraclea, in which his
Dem. 28, 29, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849 ; Arrian, ap. name was enrolled, had been destroyed by fire in
Phot. p. 69, b. 41, ed. Bekker. )
the Marsian war; but their ambassadors and L.
3. The governor of Cyprus under Ptolemy, re- Lucullus bore witness that he was enrolled there.
ceived a bribe in order to betray the island to He had settled in Rome many years before be be-
Demetrius, B. c. 155, but being detected he hanged came citizen, had given the usual notice before
himself. (Polyb. xxxiii. 3. )
Q. Metelius Pius, and if his property had never
4. An Alexandrine grammarian, probably lived been enrolled in the censor's register, it was be-
about the time of Augustus, as he was the teacher cause of his absence with Lucullus—and that was
of Epaphroditus. (Suidas, s. v. 'Enaopó81705 ; after all no proof of citizenship. He had made
Villoison, Proleg. ad Apoll. Lex. Horn. p. xx. ) wills, had been an heir (comp. Dict. of Ant. s. r.
A'RCHIAS, A. LICI'NIUS, a Greek poet, Testamentum. Heres), and his name was on the
born at Antioch in Syria, about B. c. 120. His civil list. But, after all, his chief claim was his
name is known chiefly from the speech of Cicero * talent, and the cause to which he had applied it. "
in his defence, which is the only source of inform- If we may believe Cicero (c. 8) and Quintilian
ation about him, and must therefore be very ques (x. 7. & 19), Archias had the gift of making good
tionable evidence of his talent, considering that the extempore verses in great numbers, and was re-
verses of Archias had been employed in celebrating markable for the richness of his language and his
the part which that orator played in the conspiracy varied range of thought.
(C. T. A)
of Catiline. He was on intimate terms with many ARCHI'BIUS ('Apx. bios). 1. An Alexandrine
of the first families in Rome, particularly with the grammarian, the son or father of the grammarian
Licinii, whose name he adopted. His reception Apollonius (APOLLONIUS, No. 5, p. 238), wrote an
during a journey through Asia Minor and Greece interpretation of the Epigrams of Callimachus.
(pro Arch. c. 3), and afterwards in Grecian Italy, (Suidas, s. r. )
where Tarentum, Rhegium, Naples, and Locri en- 2.
the doctrine of Anaxagoras in its most important Euergetes 11. But both of these opinions are
point; and it therefore seems safer to conclude connected with chronological difficulties, and
with Ritter, that while he wished to inculcate Westermann has shewn that Archelaus in all pro-
the materialist notion that the mind is formed of bability flourished under Ptolemy Philadelphus, to
air, he still held infinite mind to be the cause of whom, according to Antigonus Carystius (l. C. ,
all things. This explanation has the advantage of comp. 89), he narrated wonderful stories (Tapa-
agreeing very fairly with that of Simplicius (1. c. ); doa) in epigrams. Besides this peculiar kind of
and as Anaxagoras himself did not accurately dis epigrams, Archelaus wrote a work called idioovi,
tinguish between mind and the animal soul, this i. e. strange or peculiar animals (Athen. ix. p. 409;
confusion may have given rise to his pupil's doc- Diog. Laërt. ii. 17), which seems to have likewise
trine. Archelaus deduced motion from the opposi- been written in verse, and to have created on
tion of heat and cold, caused of course, if we adopt strange and paradoxical subjects, like his epigrams.
the above hypothesis, by the will of the material (Plin. Elench. lib. xxviii. ; Schol. ad Nicand. Ther.
mind. This opposition separated fire and water, 822 ; Artemid. Oneirocr. iv. 22. Compare Wester-
and produced a slimy mass of earth. While the mann, Scriptor. Rer. mirabil. Graeci, p. xxi. , &c. ,
earth was hardening, the action of heat upon its who has also collected the extant fragments of
moisture gave birth to animals, which at first were Archelaus, p. 158, &c. )
[L. S. ]
nourished by the mud from which they sprang, ARCHELA'US ('Apxéraos), a Greek RHETO
and gradually acquired the power of propagating RICIAN of uncertain date, who wrote on his pro-
their species. All these animals were endowed fession ; whence he is called texvoypúpos doiwp.
with mind, but man separated from the others, and (Diog. Laërt. ii. 17. )
(L. S. )
established laws and societies. It was just from ARCHELA'US, a SCULPTOR of Priene, the son
this point of his physical theory that he seems to of Apollonius, made the marble bas-relief repre-
have passed into ethical speculation, by the propo- senting the Apotheosis of Homer, which formerly
sition, that right and wrong are où quoei ama vouc belonged to the Colonna family at Rome, and is
-a dogma probably suggested to him, in its form at now in the Townley Gallery of the British Museum
least, by the contemporary Sophists. But when we (Inscription on the work). The style of the bas
consider the purely mechanical and materialistic relief, which is little, if at all, inferior to the best
character of his physics, which make every thing remains of Grecian art, confirms the supposition
arise from the separation or distribution of the pri- that Archelaus was the son of Apollonius of Rhodes
mary elements, we shall see that nothing, except (APOLLONIUS), and that he flourished in the first
the original chaotic mass, is strictly by nature century of the Christian aera. From the circum-
(pvoel), and that Archelaus assigns the same origin stance of the “ Apotheosis” having been found in
to right and wrong that he does to man. Now a the palace of Claudius at Bovillae (now Frattocchi),
contemporaneous origin with that of the human coupled with the known admiration of that emperor
race is not rery different from what a sound sys for Homer (Suet. Claud. 42), it is generally supposed
tem of philosophy would demand for these ideas, that the work was executed in his reign. A de
though of course such a system would maintain scription of the bas-relief, and a list of the works
quite another origin of man; and therefore, assum- in which it is referred to, is given in The Townley
ing the Archelaic physical system, it does not ne- Gallery, in the Library of Entertaining Knowledge,
cessarily follow, that his ethical principles are so ii. p. 120.
[P. S. )
destr. Mive of all goodness as they appear. This ARCHELA'US ('Apxénaos), king of SPARTA,
view is made almost certain by the fact that De- 1 7 th of the Agids, son of Agesilaus I. , contempo
mocritus taught, that the ideas of sweet and bitter, rary with Charilaus, with whom he took Aegys, a
warm and cold, &c. , are by vóuos, which can be town on the Arcadian border, said to have revolt-
accounted for only by a similar supposition. ed, but probahly then first taken. (Paus. iii. 2;
Of the other doctrines of Archelaus we need Plut. Lyc. 5; Euseb. Praep. v. 32. ) [A. H. C. )
only mention, that he asserted the earth to have ARCHELA'US ('Apxéraos), son of 'THEODO-
the form of an egg, the sun being the largest of the US, was appointed by Alexander the Great the
stars; and that he correctly accounted for speech military commander in Susiana, B. C. 300. (Arrian,
by the motion of the air. For this, according to Mi. 16; Curt. v. 2. ) In the division of the provinces
Plutarch (Plac. Phil. iv. 19), he was indebted in 323, Archelaus obtained Mesopotamia. (Dexipp.
10 Anaxagoras.
ap. Phot. Cod. 82, p. 64, b. , ed. Bekker. )
## p. 265 (#285) ############################################
ARCHESTRATUS.
265
ARCHIAS.
"
ARCIIEÄMACIUS ('Apxéuaxos). There are tiquity, and is constantly referred to by Athenaeus.
two mythical personages of this name, concerning In no part of the Hellenic world was the art of
whom nothing of interest is known, the one a son good living carried to such an extent as in Sicily
of Hemcles and the other a son of Priam. (Apollod. (the Siculae dapes, Hor. Carm. ii. 1. 18, became
ii. 7. $ 8, iii. 12. & 5. )
(L. S. ] proverbial); and Terpsion, who is described as 1
ARCHE'MACHUŚ ('Apxéuayos), of Euboch, teacher of Archestratus, had already written a
wrote a work on his native country, which con- work on the Art of Cookery. (Athen. viii. p. 337,
sisted at least of three books. (Strab. x. p. 465; b. ) The work of Archestratus is cited by the an-
Athen. vi. p. 264, a. ; Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. cients under five different titles,-l'actponovia,
327, a ed. Paris, 1629 ; Ηarpocrat. 5. 5. Κοτύλαιον | Γαστρονομία, Οψοποιΐα, Δειπνολογία, and Ηδυπά-
O pos; Plut. de Is. et Osir. c. 27. ) Whether this Deia. ' Ennius wrote an imitation or translation of
Archelaus was the author of the grammatical work this poem under the title of Carmina Helypatheticu
Ai Metwvuuía. (Schol. ad Apolion. Rhod. iv. or liedypathica. (Apul. Apol. p. 484, Oudend. )
262), is uncertain.
Archestratus delivered his precepts in the style
ARCHEMOʻRUS ('Apxéuwpos), a son of the and with the gravity of the old gnomic poets,
Nemean king Lycurgus, and Eurydice. His real whence he is called in joke the Hesiod or Thcognis
name was Opheltes, which was said to have been of gluttons, and his work is referred to as the
changed into Archemorus, that is, “the Forerunner “Golden Verses,” like those of Pythagoras. (Athen.
of death,” on the following occasion. When the vii. pp. 310, a. 320,f. ) His description of the various
Seven heroes on their expedition against Thebes natural objects used for the table was so accurate,
stopped at Nemea to take in water, the nurse of that Aristotle made use of his work in giving an
the child Opheltes, while shewing the way to the account of the natural history of fishes. The ex-
Seven, left the child alone. In the meantime, the tant fragments have been collected and explained
child was killed by a dragon, and buried by the by Schneider, in his edition of Aristotle's Natural
Seven. But as Amphiaraus saw in this accident History (vol. i. pp. lv. -lxxv. ), and also by Do-
an omen boding destruction to him and his com- menico Scina, under the title of " I frammenti
panions, they called the child Archemorus, and della Gastronomia di Archestrato raccolti e volgit-
instituted the Nemean games in honour of him. rizzati," Palermo, 1823, 8vo.
(Apollod. iii. 6. $ 4. )
(L. S. ] 2. The author of a work Tepl Aŭanta (Athen.
ARCHE'NOR ('Apxýrop), one of the Niobids xiv. p. 634, d. ) seems to be a different person from
(Hygin. Fab. 11), and perhaps the same who is the one mentioned above.
called by Orid (Met. vi. 248) Alphenor. The ARCHETI'MUS ('Apxetiuós), of Syracuse,
names of the Niobids, however, differ very much wrote an account of the interview of Thales and
in the different lists.
(L. S. ] the other wise men of Greece with Cypselus of
ARCHESITA. [ARCESILAUS, Artists, No. 4.
] Corinth, at which Archetimus was present. (Diog.
ARCHESTRATUS ('Apxéotpatos). 1. One Laert. i. 40. )
of the ten otpatnyol who were appointed to super- A'RCHIÁS ('Apxlas), of Corinth, the founder
sede Alcibiades in the command of the Athenian of Syracuse, B. c. 734. He was a Heracleid, either
fleet after the battle of Notium, B. C. 407. Xenon of the Bacchiad or the Temenid line, and of high
phon and Diodorus, who give us his name in this account at Corinth. In consequence of the death
list, say no more of him ; but we learn from Lysias of Actaeon (ACTAEON, No. 2) he resolved to leave
that he died at Mytilene, and he appears therefore his country. He consulted the Delphic Oracle,
to have been with Conon when Callicratidas which directed him, says Pausanias, who gives the
chased the Athenian fleet thither from 'Exatór three hexameters, “to an Ortygia in Trinacrin,
mooi (Xen. Hell. i. 5. § 16; Diod. xiii. 74, 77, where Arethusa and Alpheius reappeared. ” Ac-
78; Lys. 'Aton. Owpoo. p. 162; Schn. ad Xen. cording to an account given in Strabo, Steph.
Hell. i. 6. $ 16; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. iv. p. 119, Byz. , and at greater length, with the four verses
note 3. )
of the Oracle, by the Scholiast to Aristophanes,
2. A member of the Bouah at Athens, who he and Myscellus, the founder of Croton, were
during the siege of the city after the battle of inquiring together, and when the Pythoness asked
Aegospotami, B. c. 405, was thrown into prison which they would choose, health or wealth,
for advising capitulation on the terms required by Myscellus chose health, and Archias wealth ; a
the Spartans. (Xen. Hell. ii. 2. & 15. )
decision with which, it was thought, the after-
3. The mover of the decree passed by the fortunes of their colonies were connected. Archins
Athenians at the instigation of Agnonides, that an sailed in company, we are also told by Strabo,
embassy sbould be sent to the Macedonian king with Chersicrates, his countryman, and left him at
Arrhidaeus Philip, and the regent Polysperchon, Corcyra: as also Myscellus at Croton, in the
to accuse Phocion of treason, B. C. 318. (Plut. founding of which he assisted. Thence he pro-
Phoc. c. 33. ) Schneider (ad Xen. Hell. ii. 2. ceeded to his destination. (Thuc. vi. 3; Plut.
$ 15), by a strange anachronism, identifies this Amat. Narr. p. 772; Diod. Exc. ii. p. 288; Paus.
Archestratus with the one mentioned immediately v. 7. $ 2; Strabo, vi. pp. 262, 269; Steph. Byz.
above.
(E. E. ) s. v. Syracus. ; Schol. ad Arist. Eq. 1089. See
ARCHE'STRATUS ('Apxéotpatos). 1. Of also Clinton, F. H. B. c. 734, and vol. ii
. pp. 264,
Gela or Syracuse (Athen. i. p. 4, d), but more | 265 ; Muller's Dor. i. 6. S 7. ) (A. H. C. )
usually described as a native of Gela, appears to ARCHIAS ('Apxías). 1. A Spartan, who fell
Lave lived about the time of the younger Dio- bravely in the Lacedaemonian attack upon Samos
nysius. He travelled through various countries in in B. c. 525. Herodotus saw at Pitana in Laconia
order to become accurately acquainted with every his grandson Archias. (Herod. iii. 55. )
thing which could be used for the table ; and gave 2. Of Thurii, originally an actor, was sent in
the results of his researches. in an Epic poem on B. C. 322, after the battle of Cranon, to apprehend
the Art of Cookery, which was celebrated in an- the orators whom Antipater had demanded of the
## p. 266 (#286) ############################################
266
ARCHIAS.
ARCHIDAMUS.
Athenians, and who had fied from Athens. lle was praetor this year. (Schol. Bob. p. 354, ed.
seized Hyperides and others in the sanctuary of Orelli. ) Cicero plended his cause in the speech by
Aeacus in Aegina, and transported them to Cleo which the name of Archias has been preserved.
nae in Argolis, where they were executed. He “If he had no legal righi, yet the man who stood
also apprehended Demosthenes in the temple of so high as an author, whose talent had been em-
Poseidon in Calaureia. Archias, who was nick- ployed in celebrating Lucullus, Marius, and him-
named pinyadoonpas, the bunter of the exiles, self, might well deserve to be a Roman citizen.
ended his life in great poverty and disgrace. (Plut. The register certainly, of Heraclea, in which his
Dem. 28, 29, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849 ; Arrian, ap. name was enrolled, had been destroyed by fire in
Phot. p. 69, b. 41, ed. Bekker. )
the Marsian war; but their ambassadors and L.
3. The governor of Cyprus under Ptolemy, re- Lucullus bore witness that he was enrolled there.
ceived a bribe in order to betray the island to He had settled in Rome many years before be be-
Demetrius, B. c. 155, but being detected he hanged came citizen, had given the usual notice before
himself. (Polyb. xxxiii. 3. )
Q. Metelius Pius, and if his property had never
4. An Alexandrine grammarian, probably lived been enrolled in the censor's register, it was be-
about the time of Augustus, as he was the teacher cause of his absence with Lucullus—and that was
of Epaphroditus. (Suidas, s. v. 'Enaopó81705 ; after all no proof of citizenship. He had made
Villoison, Proleg. ad Apoll. Lex. Horn. p. xx. ) wills, had been an heir (comp. Dict. of Ant. s. r.
A'RCHIAS, A. LICI'NIUS, a Greek poet, Testamentum. Heres), and his name was on the
born at Antioch in Syria, about B. c. 120. His civil list. But, after all, his chief claim was his
name is known chiefly from the speech of Cicero * talent, and the cause to which he had applied it. "
in his defence, which is the only source of inform- If we may believe Cicero (c. 8) and Quintilian
ation about him, and must therefore be very ques (x. 7. & 19), Archias had the gift of making good
tionable evidence of his talent, considering that the extempore verses in great numbers, and was re-
verses of Archias had been employed in celebrating markable for the richness of his language and his
the part which that orator played in the conspiracy varied range of thought.
(C. T. A)
of Catiline. He was on intimate terms with many ARCHI'BIUS ('Apx. bios). 1. An Alexandrine
of the first families in Rome, particularly with the grammarian, the son or father of the grammarian
Licinii, whose name he adopted. His reception Apollonius (APOLLONIUS, No. 5, p. 238), wrote an
during a journey through Asia Minor and Greece interpretation of the Epigrams of Callimachus.
(pro Arch. c. 3), and afterwards in Grecian Italy, (Suidas, s. r. )
where Tarentum, Rhegium, Naples, and Locri en- 2.
