, 1853); Modern
History of England,' comprising (The Reign
of Henry VIII.
History of England,' comprising (The Reign
of Henry VIII.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
Pompeius, or Pompeius Trogus
(trö'gus pom-pē’us). A Roman historian of
the Augustan age. Drawing principally on
Greek sources, he wrote a universal history
from Ninus to his own time, which he called
(Philippian Histories, because the fortunes of
Philip of Macedon and his line formed the
central point of the narrative : all that remains
of its 44 books is the table of contents and
some few fragments.
Trollope, Anthony. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, April 24, 1815;
died there, Dec. 6, 1882. He published: (The
Macdermots of Ballydoran) (1847); “The Kellys
and the O'Kellys) (1848); "La Vendée) (1850);
(The Warden) (1855); Barchester Towers)
(1857); (The Three Clerks) (1857); Doctor
Thorne) (1858); “The Bertrams) (1859); “The
West Indies and the Spanish Main' (1859);
(Castle Richmond (1860); Framley Parsonage)
(1861); (Tales of All Countries) (1861); "Orley
Farm' (1862); (The Struggles of Brown, Jones,
and Robinson' (1862); North America' (1862);
'Rachel Ray) (1863); (The Small House at
Allington (1864); (The Belton Estate) (1864);
(Hunting Sketches) (1864); "Can You Forgive
Her ? ) ( 1865); (Miss Mackenzie) (1865); (Cler-
gymen of the Church of England' (1866);
(Traveling Sketches) (1866); (Lotta Schmidt,
and Other Stories) (1867); (The Claverings)
(1867); “The Last Chronicle of Barset) (1867);
Nina Balatka! (anonymous: 1867); Linda
Tressel) (do. : 1868); (British Sports and Pas-
times) (edited : 1868); (Phineas Finn, the Irish
Member' (1869); He Knew He Was Right)
(1869); (Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite)
(1870); (An Editor's Tales) (1870); (The Vicar
of Bullhampton) (1870); Cæsar's Comment-
aries) (edited : 1870); Mary Gresley) (1871);
(Ralph the Heir) (1871); «The Eustace Dia-
monds) (1872); (The Golden Lion of Gran.
père) (1872); (Australia and New Zealand)
(1873); Phineas Redux' (1873); (Harry Heath-
cote of Gangoil) (1874); (South Australia and
Western Australia,' (Victoria and Tasmania,
and New South Wales and Queensland' (all
1874); Lady Anna) (1874); (The Way we
Live Now' (1875); (The Prime Minister'(1876);
(The American Senator (1877); “South Africa
(1877); "Is he Popenjoy ? ) (1878); (John Cal-
digate! (1879); An Eye for an Eye) (1879);
(Cousin Henry) (1879); (Thackeray) in (Eng.
lish Men of Letters) (1879); (The Duke's
Children' (1880); Life of Cicero) (1880);
Ayala's Angel' (1881); (Dr. Wortle's School
(1881); "Why Frau Frohmann Raised her
Prices, and Other Stories) (1881); (The Fixed
Period (1882); (Kept in the Dark) (1882);
(Lord Palmerstond in English Political Lead-
ers) (1882); Marion Fay) (1882); Mr. Scar.
borough's Family) (1883). Posthumously ap-
peared: his Autobiography) (1883); (The
Land Leaguers) (1883, unfinished); and (An
Old Man's Love) (1884). *
Trollope, Frances M. An English author,
mother of Anthony; born in Hampshire, about
1778; died in Florence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. In
1829 she visited America, and afterwards pub-
lished a volume entitled Domestic Manners of
the Americans) (1831). She followed this with
the novel (The Refugee in America) (1832).
Among her other works are: (The Abbess)
(1833); “Tremordyn Cliff) (1835); “The Barna-
bys in America (1843); (Life and Adventures
of a Clever Woman (1854); and ( Fashionable
Life; or, Paris and London (1856).
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, elder brother
of Anthony; born April 29, 1810; died at Clif-
ton, Nov. II, 1892. He was a constant con-
tributor to English periodicals, and was Italian
correspondent of the New York Tribune.
Among his many books are: (A Summer
in Brittany) (1840); (A Summer in Western
France) (1841); "La Beata) (1861); (Marietta
(1862); (Beppo the Conscript' (1864); Lindis.
farn Chase ) (1864); (History of the Common-
wealth of Florence' (4 vols. , 1865); (Dream
Numbers) (1868); (A Siren (1870); Life of
Pius IX. (1877); (Sketches from French His-
tory) (1878); (What I Remember) (1887-89).
Troubetzkoi, Mrs. Amélie (Rives) (Chan-
ler) (trö-bets’koi). An American novelist ; born
in Virginia, Aug. 23, 1863. She has lived abroad
since her second marriage. She has written :
(A Brother to Dragons, and Other Tales) (1888);
( The Quick or the Dead ? ) (1888); (Barbara
Dering); (The Witness of the Sun); Herod
and Mariamne: Drama'; Virginia of Vir-
ginia); (Athelwold); etc.
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
TROWBRIDGE – TUCKER
533
Trowbridge, John Townsend. An Amer-
ican poet, novelist, and general writer; born in
Ogden, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1827. His first poems,
(The Vagabonds, At Sea, (The Pewee,'
etc. , appeared in the Atlantic Monthly, also the
story (Coupon Bonds. Among his numerous
novels, tales of adventure, etc. , are: (Father
Brighthopes) (1853); ( Hearts and Faces) (1853);
(Martin Merrivale) (1855); Neighbor Jack-
wood’ (1857); (The Old Battle-Ground' (1859);
(The Drummer Boy) (1863); Cudjo's Cave)
(1864); ( The Three Scouts' (1865); “Lucy Arlyn)
(1800); (Coupon Bonds) (1866); Neighbors'
Wives) (1867); (The Story of Columbus) (1867);
(The Jack Hazard Series) (1871-75); (The
Emigrant's Story, and Other Poems) (1875);
(The Silver Medal Series) (1877-82); (The
Book of Gold, and Other Poems) (1878); (A
Home Idyl, etc. (1881); ( The Tide-Mill Series)
(1882-87); "The Lost Earl) (1888).
True, Charles Kittridge. An American edu-
cator and historical writer; born in Portland,
Me. , Aug. 14, 1809; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
Jan. 20, 1878. He was pastor of various Metho-
dist churches, and subsequently professor of
intellectual philosophy at Wesleyan University
(1849-60). He was the author of (Elements of
Logic) (1840); (Shawmut; or, The Settlement
of Boston) (1845); (John Winthrop) (1875);
(Sir Walter Raleigh) (1878); “Life and Times
of John Knox) (1878); Memoirs of John How-
ard) (1878); (The Thirty Years' War) (1879);
(Heroes of Holland) (1882).
Trueba y Cosio, Telesforo de (trwā'bä ē
kös'yo). A Spanish poet; born at Santander,
1798; died at Paris, Oct. 4, 1835. He wrote
several comedies, as "The Fickle One) and
Marrying on 60,000 Duros. He wrote in Eng-
lish several historical novels, among them
Gomez Arias) (1828), and "The Castilian)
(1829); and also in English, (Lives of Cortés
and Pizarro (1830) and the historical drama
(The Royal Delinquent. The most successful
of his works was "Paris and London (1833),
a portraiture of manners and morals.
Trumbull, Gurdon. An American ornitholo-
gist, brother of H. C. and J. H. ; born in
Stonington, Conn. , May 5, 1841. He has pub-
lished (American Game Birds; or, Names and
Portraits of Birds, with Descriptions) (1888. )
Trumbull, Henry Clay. An American edi.
tor, author, and lecturer; born in Stonington,
Conn. , June 8, 1831. He was army chaplain
1862–65; afterwards secretary of the American
Sunday School Union, 1865-72; and since 1875
editor of the Sunday School Times. He has
published many books, including : Army Ser-
mons) (1864); (The Knightly Soldier) (1865);
(A Useful Life,' etc. (1866); (The Captured
Scout) (1869); (Children in the Temple) (1809);
(A Model Superintendent) (1880); Kadesh-
Barnea) (1884); (Teaching and Teachers )
(1884); (The Blood Covenant) (1885); Vale
Lectures on the Sunday School) (1888); (Studies
in Oriental Social fe) (1894); etc.
Trumbull, James Hammond. An American
philologist and librarian, brother of H. C. ; born
in Stonington, Conn. , Dec. 20, 1821 ; died in
Hartford, Conn. , 1897. He was Secretary of
State of Connecticut during the War, 1861–64,
and held many honorable posts connected with
historical and educational associations. He
was president of the American Philological
Association 1874-75. He made the Indian
languages of North America a special study;
is the acknowledged authority on the Algonkin
tongues; and published many essays on Indian
philology. He was a frequent contributor to
proceedings of historical societies. Among his
works are: (The Colonial Records of Con-
necticut' (1850-59); Historical Notes on some
Provisions of the Connecticut Statutes) (1860-
61); (The Composition of Indian Geographical
Names) (1870); (Historical Notes on the Con-
stitution of Connecticut (1872); (The True
Blue-Laws of Connecticut,' etc. (1876). He
edited (The Memorial History of Hartford
County) (1886). His knowledge of books was
vast; as a shrewd collector and book-buyer
he had few superiors; and his name is asso.
ciated with the sale of the “Brinley Library,
and with the Watkinson Library at Hartford.
Trumbull, John. An American poet and
lawyer, famous in his day as a satirist; born
in Westbury, Conn. , April 24, 1750; died at
Detroit, Mich. , May 10, 1831. He wrote with
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
ity. In “The Progress of Dulness) (1772-73) he
satirized contemporary methods of education ;
but he won his greatest fame with McFingal
(1775-82), a satire on the loyalists of the
Revolution time, written in Hudibrastic verse.
Thirty pirated editions are said to have been
sold; and some of its lines are still «familiar
quotations popularly credited to 'Hudibras.
Later he was associated with Joel Barlow and
others in the production of "The Anarchiad
(1786-87). His “Poetical Works) were pub-
lished at Hartford, Conn. , in 1820.
Trumpp, Ernst (trömp). A German Ori-
entalist; born at Ilsfeld, Würtemberg, March
13, 1828; died at Munich, April 5, 1885. His
principal work is (The Adi Granth; or, The
Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs, Translated from
the Original Gurmukhi) (1877). He wrote
also : (The Language of the so-called Caffres
in the Hindu Caucasus); (Sindi Literature :
The Divan of Abd-ul-Latif) (1866); (The Bap-
tism Book of the Ethiopian Church (1876).
Tschudi, Johann Jakob von (tshö'dē). A
Swiss naturalist and traveler; born at Glarus,
July 25, 1818; died at Jakobshof in Lower
Austria, Oct. 8, 1889. He traveled extensively
in South America in 1838-43, and again in
1857–61. He wrote: (The Kechua Language)
(1853); Peru: Sketches of Travel' (1846); Pe-
ruvian Antiquities) (1851); (Travels in South
America) (5 vols. , 1866-69).
Tucker, George. An American lawyer, ed-
ucator, and author; born in Bermuda in 1775;
(
## p. 534 (#550) ############################################
534
TUCKER --TURNBULL
(
died in Albemarle County, Va. , April 10, 1861.
He was a Member of Congress, 1819-25. For
twenty years he was professor of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Virginia (1825-45).
He wrote for many journals and periodicals:
was the author of Letters on the Conspiracy
of Slaves in Virginia) (1800); “Essays on Sub.
jects of Taste, etc. (1822); «The Valley of the
Shenandoah) (1824), a novel; Principles of
Rent, Wages, and Profits) (1837); "Life of
Thomas Jefferson' ( 1837 ); History of the
United States from their Colonization to 1841)
(4 vols. , 1856-58); “Banks or No Banks) (1857);
and (Essays, Moral and Philosophical' (1860).
Tucker, William Jowett. An American
educator and clergyman; born at Griswold,
Conn. , July 13, 1839. He was professor at Ando-
ver Seminary until 1893, and since then presi.
dent of Dartmouth College. He has written
(The New Movement in Humanity. '
Tuckerman, Bayard. An American writer;
born in New York in 1855. His works include
(A History of English Prose Fiction (1882);
"Life of Lafayette); (William Jay and the Abo-
lition of Slavery); Life of Peter Stuyvesant. '
Tuckerman, Henry Theodore. An Amer-
ican author and critic, of much note in his
day; born in Boston, April 20, 1813; died in
New York, Dec. 17, 1871. His works include:
(The Italian Sketch Book) (1835); Isabel ;
or, Sicily) (1839); Rambles and Reveries)
(1841); 'Thoughts on the Poets) (1846); (Artist
Life) (1847); (Characteristics of Literature)
(1849-51); (The Optimist) (1850); Poems)
(1851);( Memorial of Horatio Greenough'(1853);
(Bibliographical Essays) (1857); (Art in Amer-
ical (1858); (The Book of the Artists) (1867);
(The Collector : Essays) (1868). He edited
with William Smith A Smaller History of
English and American Literature) (1870).
Tulloch, John. A Scottish educator and
ecclesiastical writer; born near Tibbermuir,
Perthshire, June 1, 1823; died at Torquay, Eng.
land, Feb. 13, 1886. He published: (Leaders
of the Reformation) (1859); English Puri-
tanism and its Leaders) (1861); Beginning
Life) (1862); «The Christ of the Gospels and
the Christ of Modern Criticism); Lectures
on Renan's Life of Jesus) (1864); (Theology
and Greek Philosophy in England in the 17th
Century) (1872); (Pascal) (1878); (Movements
in Religious Thought in Britain during the
19th Century) (1885); and several volumes of
sermons. He gained the second Burnett prize
of £600 for an essay (On the Being and Attri-
butes of God,' which was published under the
title (Theism: The Witness of Reason and
Nature to an All-Wise and Beneficent Creator)
(1855). He also did much review work, and
wrote (The Wigtown Martyrs Proved to be
Myths.
Tupper, Martin Farquhar. An English
poet; born in London, July 17, 1810; died at
Albury, Surrey, Nov. 29, 1889. In 1838 he
issued the work by which he is best known,
(Proverbial Philosophy,' which had an im-
mense circulation. He wrote other volumes
of prose and verse : Hactenus : A Budget of
Lyrics'; (Ballads for the Time); (Stephen
Langton; or, The Days of King John); Prob-
abilities); (An Aid to Faith'; My Life as an
Author. He twice visited the United States,
and in 1875 wrote a drama in honor of the
centenary of American independence.
Tupy, Eugen (to'pē). [“Voleslav Jablonsky. ”]
A Czech poet; born at Kardasch-Rzetschitz,
Jan. 14, 1813; died at Cracow, March 1881. He
is one of the foremost of Bohemian lyrists, and
his 'Love Songs) in particular are held in great
popular favor. He also wrote the didactic poem
(The Father's Wisdom. '
Turgeneff, Ivan (tör-gān'yef). A celebrated
Russian novelist; born in Orel, Nov. 9, 1818;
died in Bougival, near Paris, Sept. 3, 1883.
His works include: Poems) (1841); (Para-
scha) (1843); Improvidence) (1843); Andrei
Kolosov) (1844); Andrei? (1845), a volume
of poems; “The Conversation (1845); (The
Landlord '(1846); (Three Portraits) (1846);
(Khor and Kalinych) (1847); “The Bully'(1847);
(Dimitri Rudin) (1852); “Two Friends' (1853);
(Quiet Life) (1854); “Rudin) (1856); (Faust)
(1856); (Asja' (1858); (A Nest of Noblemen
(1859), also translated as "Lisa'; (First Love)
(1860); “Hamlet and Don Quixote (1800); On
the Eve' (1862); Fathers and Sons) (1862);
(Visions) (1863); (The Dog) (1863? ); "Story
of Lieutenant Jergunov) (1864); (The Brig-
adier) (1866); (Smoke) (1867); (An Unfortu.
nate) (1868); (A Strange Tale) (1869); (A King
Lear of the Steppe) (1870); (Knock! Knock!
Knock! ' (1870); Pegasus (1871); 'Chertopcha-
nov's End' (1872); (Punin and Baburin' (1874);
(The Living Skeleton (1875); (The Watch)
(1875); (Some One Knocks) (1875); "The
Dream) (1876); New) (1877), also translated
as (Virgin Soil';'Father Alexei's Story) (1877);
(Song of Triumphant Love' (1881); (The Old
Portraits) (1882); (The Despairing One' (1882);
(Poems in Prose' (1882); Klara Milich' (1883);
(The Conflagration at Sea? (1883). *
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de
l'Aulne (tör-go'). An eminent French polit.
ical economist and statesman; born at Paris,
May 10, 1727; died there, March 8, 1781. He
was minister of finance under Louis XVI. In
political economy he was one of the chief rep-
resentatives of the Physiocrat school (see Ques-
nay). It was he who said of Franklin in a
Latin hexameter), he wrested the lightning
from the sky and the sceptre from tyrants. ”
Turnbull, Robert. A Scottish-American Bap-
tist pastor, editor, and author; born in Scot-
land, Sept. 10, 1809; came to the United States
in 1833; died Nov. 20, 1877, in Hartford, Conn. ,
where he was many years a pastor. He was
editor of the Christian Review for two years.
Among his many books are: (The Theatre
(1840); (Olympia Morata) (1842); (The Genius
of Scotland) (1847); (The Genius of Italy)
(1849); (Theophany' (1851); Pulpit Orators
## p. 535 (#551) ############################################
TURNER- TYNDALL
535
of France and Switzerland) (1853); (The Stu-
dent Preacher) (1854); (The World We Live
In) (1855); (Christ in History) (1856); "Life
Pictures; or, Sketches from a Pastor's Note-
Book) (1857).
Turner, Charles Tennyson. An English
poet, brother of Alfred Tennyson; born at Som-
ersby, Lincolnshire, July 4, 1808 ; died at Chel-
tenham, April 25, 1879. He assumed the name
of Turner (1835) by royal license, having in-
herited some property from his great-uncle,
Rev. Samuel Turner. Besides (Poems of Two
Brothers,' written in collaboration with Alfred,
he wrote: (Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces) (1830);
(Sonnets) (1864); "Small Tableaux) (1868);
(Sonnets, Lyrics, and Translations) (1873);
(Collected Sonnets, Old and New) (1880). *
Turner, Sharon. An English historian; born
at London, Sept. 24, 1768; died there, Feb. 13,
1847. He wrote: “History of the Anglo-Saxons)
(4 vols. , 1799-1805; 7th ed. , 3 vols. , 1852); (His-
tory of England during the Middle Ages) (3
vols. , 1814-23; 7th ed. , 4 vols.
, 1853); Modern
History of England,' comprising (The Reign
of Henry VIII. (1826) and (The Reigns of
Edward VI. , Mary, and Elizabeth) (1829); “Sa-
cred History of the World) (3 vols. , 1832); and
a volume of miscellaneous essays, poems, etc.
Tusser, Thomas. An English poet; born at
Rivenhall, Essex, about 1515; died in London,
about April 1580. He was the author of Five
Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, United
to as many of Good Housewifery,' etc. (1573),
in verse, with metrical autobiography; chiefly
valuable for its picture of the manners and
domestic life of the English farmer.
Tuttiett, Mary G. (tut'i-et). [“Maxwell
Grey. )) An English novelist; born in the
Isle of Wight, 18. -, and resides there. She has
written: "The Broken Tryst) (1879); (The
Silence of Dean Maitland) (1886); (The Re-
proach of Annesley) (1889).
Twain, Mark. See Clemens.
Twesten, Karl (tves'ten). A German mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Kiel; died at Ber-
lin, Oct. 14, 1870. He wrote: (Schiller in his
Relation to Science) (1863); Machiavelli?
(1868); (The Religious, Political, and Social
Ideas of the Civilized Peoples of Asia and
Egypt) (2 vols. , 1872).
Twichell, Joseph Hopkins. An American
Congregational clergyman, and writer of bio.
graphy; born in Connecticut, 183–. He has
published Life of John Winthrop); and ed-
ited (Some Old Puritan Love Letters.
Twiss, Sir Travers. A celebrated English
writer and authority on international law ; born
1809; died 189-. He resigned all his important
offices in 1872. He published: (View of the
Progress of Political Economy since the 16th
Century) (1847); Lectures on International
Law) (1856); (The Law of Nations) (1861);
(Law of Nations in Times of War' (1863);
( Monumenta Juridica) (1871-76); “Belligerent
Right on the High Seas) (1884).
Tycho Brahe (ti'ko brä'ę). An illustrious
Danish astronomer; born at Knudstrup, Dec.
24, 1546; died at Prague, Oct. 24, 1601. In
(On the New Star) (1573) he treats of the
star discovered by him in Cassiopeia. His other
writings, most of which were published post-
humously, include : (Astronomical Works);-Me-
chanical Astronomy); (Astronomical Letters. '
Tychsen, Olaus Gerhard (tich'sen). A Ger-
man Orientalist; born at Tondern, Dec. 14,
1734; died at Rostock, Dec. 30, 1815. His
greatest work is (Leisure Hours at Bützow)
(6 vols. , 1766-69), a valuable repertory of Jew-
ish history and erudition. He also wrote:
(Elements of Arabic) (1792); Elements of
Syriac) (1793); (Syriac Natural Science) (1795).
Tychsen, Thomas Christian. A German
Orientalist ; born at Horsbyll, Silesia, May 8,
1758; died Oct. 23, 1834, at Göttingen, where
he was professor of theology. He wrote:
(Principles of Hebrew Archæology) (1789);
(Grammar of Literary Arabic) (1823); and
several essays on Numismatics,' (Palæogra-
phy,' (The Poetry of the Arabs, etc.
Tyler, Moses Coit. An American educator
and author; born in Griswold, Conn. , Aug. 2,
1835. He graduated at Yale in 1857; and was
pastor of a Congregational church 1860-62.
From 1867 to 1881 he was professor in the
University of Michigan; and since then has
been professor of American history in Cornell
University. He has published: (Brawnville
Papers) (1868); (History of American Litera-
ture) (1878); (Manual of English Literature
(1879); "Life of Patrick Henry) (1887); Lit.
erary History of the American Revolution,
1763-83' (2 vols. , 1887); (Three Men of Let-
ters) (1895).
Tyler, Royall. An American jurist and au.
thor; born in Boston, 1757 ; died in Brattle-
boro, Vt. , Aug. 16, 1826. In 1794 he was judge
of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and in 1800
Chief Justice. He wrote the first American
play to be acted by regular comedians: “The
Contrast,' produced in 1786 at New York.
He also wrote: (May-Day: A Comedy' (1787);
(The Georgia Spec. ; or, Land in the Moon
(1797); “The Algerine Captive) (1799); Moral
Tales for American Youths); (The Yankee
in London); and contributed many sketches,
verses, and essays to various journals and mag-
azines.
Tylor, Edward Burnett. An English writer
on the early history of civilization; born at
Camberwell, Oct. 2, 1832. He wrote: Ana-
huac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans) ( 1861 );
Early History of Mankind and of Civilization)
(1865; 3d ed. 1878); Primitive Culture : Re-
searches into the Development of Mythology,
Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom (1871;
3d ed. 1891); (Anthropology (1881).
Tyndall, John. A British physicist and
writer on science; born at Leighlin Bridge, near
Ca w, Ireland, Aug. 21, 1820; died at Hasle.
mere, Surrey, England, Dec. 4, 1893. He studied
## p. 536 (#552) ############################################
536
TYNG-L'BICINI
(
in Germany; in 1850 he published in the Philo-
sophical Magazine Discoveries in Magnetism.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
in 1852; professor of natural philosophy at the
Royal Institution in 1853, and in 1867 its super-
intendent. He was the first to climb the Weiss-
horn, and subsequently reached the summit of
the Matterhorn; and published: (Philosophical
Transactions in Glaciers of the Alps) (1860);
Mountaineering in 1861) (1862); and Hours
of Exercise in the Alps) (1871). Heat Con-
sidered as a Mode of Motion appeared in
1863; Dust and Disease, 1870. In 1872
he lectured in the United States : the profits
he devoted as a fund. (in aid of students
who devote themselves to original research. ”
Besides the works mentioned, he published :
(Sound: A Course of Eight Lectures) (2d ed.
1875); (Faraday as a Discoverer) (1868); “Nine
Lectures on Light (1870); Essays on the
Use and Limit of the Imagination in Science)
(1871); (The Forms of Water in Clouds and
Rivers, Ice and Glaciers) (1872); Essays on
the Floating Matter of the Air) (1881); and
New Fragments) (1892); besides many others.
He received honorary degrees from the Univer.
sities of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and was
made D. C. L. by Oxford. *
Tyng, Stephen Higginson. A prominent
American clergyman, long rector of St. George's
Church, New York; born in Newburyport,
Mass. , March 1, 1800; died in Irvington, N. Y. ,
Sept. 4, 1885. For several years he edited the
Episcopal Recorder, the Protestant Church-
man, etc. , and he published in book form many
volumes; among them : Lectures on the Law
and Gospel (1832 ); Sermons) (1839-52 );
(Recollections of England (1847); “The Israel
of God' (1854); (Christ Is All (1852); “The
Rich Kinsman) (1856); Forty Years' Experi-
ence in Sunday Schools) (1860); 'The Prayer
Book) (1863-67).
Tyrtæus (tir-tē'us). A Greek lyric poet;
he flourished at the time of the second Messe-
nian war in the latter half of the seventh cen-
tury B. C. Fragments only of his poems have
been preserved. *
Tyrwhitt, Thomas (ter'it). An English
classical scholar and writer; born in London,
March 29, 1730; died there, Aug. 15, 1786.
Among his works are : "Observations on Some
Passages of Shakespeare (1760); a celebrated
edition of Chaucer (1773); editions of Isæus's
(Orphical and Aristotle's Poetics); critical
dissertations on Babrius, Euripides, Aristoph-
anes, and Strabo. He was the original editor
of Rowley's Poems, for which he furnished
a preface and glossary, and subsequently added
an appendix to prove that they were written
by Chatterton.
Tytler, Alexander Fraser, Lord Wood-
houselee. A Scottish historical writer; born
in Edinburgh, Oct. 15, 1747 ; died there Jan. 5.
1813. He wrote, besides many other works,
“Essay on the Principles of Translation (1791-
1813); (The Elements of General History,
Ancient and Modern) (1801), which was long
an authoritative text-book; Life of Lord
Kames) (1807); and Life of Petrarch (1810).
Tytler, Patrick Fraser. A Scottish histo-
rian and biographer, son of Alexander F. ; born
in Edinburgh, Aug. 30, 1791 ; died at Great
Malvern, England, Dec. 24. 1849. His prin-
cipal works were : Lives of James Crichton
of Cluny, commonly called “The Admirable
Crichton” (1819), Sir Thomas Craig of Ric-
carton (1823), and John Wicklyff (1826); "Scot-
tish Worthies) (1832-33); (Sir Walter Raleigh
(1833); (An Historical View of the Progress of
Discovery on the Northern Coasts of America,
etc. (1832); (History of Scotland from 1149 to
the Union of the Crowns in 1613' (9 vols. ,
1828-43; 5th ed. 1866).
Tzetzes, Joannes (tzet'zes). A Greek gram-
marian and poet; born about 1110; died about
1180. Among his works are: (The Book of
Histories, a philosophico-historical didactic
poem; (Iliacs, a poem in continuation of
Homer's Iliad ; and several other poetical com-
positions.
Tzschirner, Heinrich Gottlieb (chēr'ner).
A German theological writer; born at Witt-
weida in Saxony, Nov. 14, 1778; died February
1828, at Leipsic, where he was professor of the.
ology. He wrote: (Protestantism and Cathol.
icism from the Standpoint of Politics (4th ed.
1824); (The Fall of Gentilism' (1829); and a
continuation of Schröckh's Church History
U
Ubaldini, Petruccio (ö-bäl-dē'nē). An Ital.
ian historian; born at Florence, about 1524;
died at London, about 1600. He wrote : "Life
of Charlemagne (1581); “Description of Scot-
land and its Isles) (1588); "Lives of Illustrious
Ladies of England and Scotland (1591); Pre-
cepts, Moral, Political, and Economic) (1592).
Uberti, Fazio (or Bonifacio) degli (ö-băr'tē).
An Italian poet; born in Florence; died about
1367. He was a grandson of Uberti, one of
the Florentine leaders of the Ghibelline faction,
and was driven into exile by the Guelphs. He
wrote an unfinished descriptive poem called
(The News of the World, which was quite
celebrated.
Ubicini, Jean Henri Abdolonyme (ü-bē.
sē-nē'). A French publicist; born at Issou-
dun, 1818; died at Vernon-sur-Brenne, Oct. 27,
1884. He wrote: (Memoirs Justifying the Rou-
manian Revolution) (1849); (The Eastern
## p. 537 (#553) ############################################
UCHARD- UJESKI
537
Question Confronting Europe) (1854); "The
Serbs in Turkey) (1865); ' Eastern Rumelia since
the Treaty of Berlin) (1880); “Sources of Roman
History) (1886).
Uchard, Bernardin, Seigneur de Monspey
(ü-shär'). A French poet of the first half of
the 17th century. He is noted for two poems
written in Southern French patois : (The Groans
of the Poor Farm Laborer over the Dread He
Has of War) (1615), and “The Woman of Pied-
mont) (1619).
Uchard, Mario. A French playwright and
story-writer; born at Paris, Dec. 28, 1824; died
there, July 31, 1893. Among his dramatic com-
positions are: (The Husband's Return (1858);
(Second Youth) (1859); (A Burgomaster's Pros-
perity) (1864); (The Charmers) (1864). His
novels include : (Raymon) (1862); «Gertrude's
Marriage) (1862); (Countess Diana! (1864);
(A Last Passion) (1866); (My Uncle Barbas-
sou) (1876); (My Cousin Antoinette) (1891).
Uda, Felice (ö'dä). An Italian poet and
publicist, brother of Michele; born at Cagli.
ari in Sardinia, Feb. 25, 1832. He wrote:
(Wishes and Hopes) (1852), a volume of verses,
and Memories and Affections) (1862), both of
which were received with great favor; also
(Literary Sketches) (1863); a series of essays
on Leopardi and Poerio); (Dante and Mod-
ern Poetry); the comedies (The Heart and
the Age and (Every-Day Saints); and (Miguel
Cervantes,' a literary study (1873).
Uda, Michele. An Italian dramatist and
novelist ; born at Cagliari, 1830. At 20 he joined
a band of strolling players, and wrote or
adapted comedies for them. Among his origi-
nal compositions are the comedies (The Wid-
ow's Suitors, played by Ristori with great
success, and Mask and Face); and the dra.
mas (In the Coffin) and “The Workingman
and his Family. His finest work is the brill-
iant comedy (The Renegados) (1858). Among
his novels are A Poor Devil,' and (From Herod
to Pilate. )
Udall, Nicholas (ū'dal). An English dra-
matist; born in Hampshire, in 1506; died in
1564. He was a Fellow of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford, and master of Eton. His school-
books were very popular; but he is chiefly re-
membered as the author of Ralph Royster
Doyster,' the first regular comedy in the Eng.
lish language, which was certainly in existence
as early as 1551. The best edition is one pre-
pared for the Shakspere Society, by William
Durrant Cooper (1847).
Ueberweg, Friedrich von (ü'ber-veg). A
German philosopher; born in Leichlingen, Jan.
22, 1626; died at Königsberg, June 9, 1871. His
chief works are: (Outline of the History of
Philosophy, published in many editions, the
first 1863-66; and (System of Logic and His-
tory of Logical Science. )
Uechtritz, Friedi (üch'trēts). A German
dramatist and novelist; born at Görlitz, Sept. 12,
1800; died there, Feb. 15, 1875. Among his
tragedies are: (Rome and Spartacus,' and
(Rome and Otto III. (1823); (Alexander and
Darius) (1827); “The Sword of Honor); Rosa-
mund' (1833). His dramatic poem “The Bab.
ylonians in Jerusalem (1836) is notable for
elevation of thought and lyric grandeur. Among
his novels are: (Albrecht Holm (5 vols. , 1851-
53); “The Bride's Brothers) (3 vols. , 1860); and
(Eleazar) (3 vols. , 1867), a story of the great
Jewish war.
Ughelli, Ferdinando (ö-gel'lē). An Italian
historian; born at Florence, 1595; died 1670.
Ile was a Cistercian monk and abbot. His
principal work is (Italia Sacra! (9 vols. ,
1642-48), an account of all the episcopal sees
of Italy, with lists of the bishops and a great
deal of general information regarding the his-
tory of Italy. He wrote also Christian Gaul)
(1656).
Ugoni, Camillo (ö-gõ'nē). An Italian his-
torian of literature; born at Brescia, 1784 ;
died there, 1855. He wrote (Italian Literature
in the Second Half of the 18th Century) (1856).
Uhland, Ludwig.
(trö'gus pom-pē’us). A Roman historian of
the Augustan age. Drawing principally on
Greek sources, he wrote a universal history
from Ninus to his own time, which he called
(Philippian Histories, because the fortunes of
Philip of Macedon and his line formed the
central point of the narrative : all that remains
of its 44 books is the table of contents and
some few fragments.
Trollope, Anthony. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, April 24, 1815;
died there, Dec. 6, 1882. He published: (The
Macdermots of Ballydoran) (1847); “The Kellys
and the O'Kellys) (1848); "La Vendée) (1850);
(The Warden) (1855); Barchester Towers)
(1857); (The Three Clerks) (1857); Doctor
Thorne) (1858); “The Bertrams) (1859); “The
West Indies and the Spanish Main' (1859);
(Castle Richmond (1860); Framley Parsonage)
(1861); (Tales of All Countries) (1861); "Orley
Farm' (1862); (The Struggles of Brown, Jones,
and Robinson' (1862); North America' (1862);
'Rachel Ray) (1863); (The Small House at
Allington (1864); (The Belton Estate) (1864);
(Hunting Sketches) (1864); "Can You Forgive
Her ? ) ( 1865); (Miss Mackenzie) (1865); (Cler-
gymen of the Church of England' (1866);
(Traveling Sketches) (1866); (Lotta Schmidt,
and Other Stories) (1867); (The Claverings)
(1867); “The Last Chronicle of Barset) (1867);
Nina Balatka! (anonymous: 1867); Linda
Tressel) (do. : 1868); (British Sports and Pas-
times) (edited : 1868); (Phineas Finn, the Irish
Member' (1869); He Knew He Was Right)
(1869); (Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite)
(1870); (An Editor's Tales) (1870); (The Vicar
of Bullhampton) (1870); Cæsar's Comment-
aries) (edited : 1870); Mary Gresley) (1871);
(Ralph the Heir) (1871); «The Eustace Dia-
monds) (1872); (The Golden Lion of Gran.
père) (1872); (Australia and New Zealand)
(1873); Phineas Redux' (1873); (Harry Heath-
cote of Gangoil) (1874); (South Australia and
Western Australia,' (Victoria and Tasmania,
and New South Wales and Queensland' (all
1874); Lady Anna) (1874); (The Way we
Live Now' (1875); (The Prime Minister'(1876);
(The American Senator (1877); “South Africa
(1877); "Is he Popenjoy ? ) (1878); (John Cal-
digate! (1879); An Eye for an Eye) (1879);
(Cousin Henry) (1879); (Thackeray) in (Eng.
lish Men of Letters) (1879); (The Duke's
Children' (1880); Life of Cicero) (1880);
Ayala's Angel' (1881); (Dr. Wortle's School
(1881); "Why Frau Frohmann Raised her
Prices, and Other Stories) (1881); (The Fixed
Period (1882); (Kept in the Dark) (1882);
(Lord Palmerstond in English Political Lead-
ers) (1882); Marion Fay) (1882); Mr. Scar.
borough's Family) (1883). Posthumously ap-
peared: his Autobiography) (1883); (The
Land Leaguers) (1883, unfinished); and (An
Old Man's Love) (1884). *
Trollope, Frances M. An English author,
mother of Anthony; born in Hampshire, about
1778; died in Florence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. In
1829 she visited America, and afterwards pub-
lished a volume entitled Domestic Manners of
the Americans) (1831). She followed this with
the novel (The Refugee in America) (1832).
Among her other works are: (The Abbess)
(1833); “Tremordyn Cliff) (1835); “The Barna-
bys in America (1843); (Life and Adventures
of a Clever Woman (1854); and ( Fashionable
Life; or, Paris and London (1856).
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, elder brother
of Anthony; born April 29, 1810; died at Clif-
ton, Nov. II, 1892. He was a constant con-
tributor to English periodicals, and was Italian
correspondent of the New York Tribune.
Among his many books are: (A Summer
in Brittany) (1840); (A Summer in Western
France) (1841); "La Beata) (1861); (Marietta
(1862); (Beppo the Conscript' (1864); Lindis.
farn Chase ) (1864); (History of the Common-
wealth of Florence' (4 vols. , 1865); (Dream
Numbers) (1868); (A Siren (1870); Life of
Pius IX. (1877); (Sketches from French His-
tory) (1878); (What I Remember) (1887-89).
Troubetzkoi, Mrs. Amélie (Rives) (Chan-
ler) (trö-bets’koi). An American novelist ; born
in Virginia, Aug. 23, 1863. She has lived abroad
since her second marriage. She has written :
(A Brother to Dragons, and Other Tales) (1888);
( The Quick or the Dead ? ) (1888); (Barbara
Dering); (The Witness of the Sun); Herod
and Mariamne: Drama'; Virginia of Vir-
ginia); (Athelwold); etc.
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
TROWBRIDGE – TUCKER
533
Trowbridge, John Townsend. An Amer-
ican poet, novelist, and general writer; born in
Ogden, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1827. His first poems,
(The Vagabonds, At Sea, (The Pewee,'
etc. , appeared in the Atlantic Monthly, also the
story (Coupon Bonds. Among his numerous
novels, tales of adventure, etc. , are: (Father
Brighthopes) (1853); ( Hearts and Faces) (1853);
(Martin Merrivale) (1855); Neighbor Jack-
wood’ (1857); (The Old Battle-Ground' (1859);
(The Drummer Boy) (1863); Cudjo's Cave)
(1864); ( The Three Scouts' (1865); “Lucy Arlyn)
(1800); (Coupon Bonds) (1866); Neighbors'
Wives) (1867); (The Story of Columbus) (1867);
(The Jack Hazard Series) (1871-75); (The
Emigrant's Story, and Other Poems) (1875);
(The Silver Medal Series) (1877-82); (The
Book of Gold, and Other Poems) (1878); (A
Home Idyl, etc. (1881); ( The Tide-Mill Series)
(1882-87); "The Lost Earl) (1888).
True, Charles Kittridge. An American edu-
cator and historical writer; born in Portland,
Me. , Aug. 14, 1809; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
Jan. 20, 1878. He was pastor of various Metho-
dist churches, and subsequently professor of
intellectual philosophy at Wesleyan University
(1849-60). He was the author of (Elements of
Logic) (1840); (Shawmut; or, The Settlement
of Boston) (1845); (John Winthrop) (1875);
(Sir Walter Raleigh) (1878); “Life and Times
of John Knox) (1878); Memoirs of John How-
ard) (1878); (The Thirty Years' War) (1879);
(Heroes of Holland) (1882).
Trueba y Cosio, Telesforo de (trwā'bä ē
kös'yo). A Spanish poet; born at Santander,
1798; died at Paris, Oct. 4, 1835. He wrote
several comedies, as "The Fickle One) and
Marrying on 60,000 Duros. He wrote in Eng-
lish several historical novels, among them
Gomez Arias) (1828), and "The Castilian)
(1829); and also in English, (Lives of Cortés
and Pizarro (1830) and the historical drama
(The Royal Delinquent. The most successful
of his works was "Paris and London (1833),
a portraiture of manners and morals.
Trumbull, Gurdon. An American ornitholo-
gist, brother of H. C. and J. H. ; born in
Stonington, Conn. , May 5, 1841. He has pub-
lished (American Game Birds; or, Names and
Portraits of Birds, with Descriptions) (1888. )
Trumbull, Henry Clay. An American edi.
tor, author, and lecturer; born in Stonington,
Conn. , June 8, 1831. He was army chaplain
1862–65; afterwards secretary of the American
Sunday School Union, 1865-72; and since 1875
editor of the Sunday School Times. He has
published many books, including : Army Ser-
mons) (1864); (The Knightly Soldier) (1865);
(A Useful Life,' etc. (1866); (The Captured
Scout) (1869); (Children in the Temple) (1809);
(A Model Superintendent) (1880); Kadesh-
Barnea) (1884); (Teaching and Teachers )
(1884); (The Blood Covenant) (1885); Vale
Lectures on the Sunday School) (1888); (Studies
in Oriental Social fe) (1894); etc.
Trumbull, James Hammond. An American
philologist and librarian, brother of H. C. ; born
in Stonington, Conn. , Dec. 20, 1821 ; died in
Hartford, Conn. , 1897. He was Secretary of
State of Connecticut during the War, 1861–64,
and held many honorable posts connected with
historical and educational associations. He
was president of the American Philological
Association 1874-75. He made the Indian
languages of North America a special study;
is the acknowledged authority on the Algonkin
tongues; and published many essays on Indian
philology. He was a frequent contributor to
proceedings of historical societies. Among his
works are: (The Colonial Records of Con-
necticut' (1850-59); Historical Notes on some
Provisions of the Connecticut Statutes) (1860-
61); (The Composition of Indian Geographical
Names) (1870); (Historical Notes on the Con-
stitution of Connecticut (1872); (The True
Blue-Laws of Connecticut,' etc. (1876). He
edited (The Memorial History of Hartford
County) (1886). His knowledge of books was
vast; as a shrewd collector and book-buyer
he had few superiors; and his name is asso.
ciated with the sale of the “Brinley Library,
and with the Watkinson Library at Hartford.
Trumbull, John. An American poet and
lawyer, famous in his day as a satirist; born
in Westbury, Conn. , April 24, 1750; died at
Detroit, Mich. , May 10, 1831. He wrote with
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
ity. In “The Progress of Dulness) (1772-73) he
satirized contemporary methods of education ;
but he won his greatest fame with McFingal
(1775-82), a satire on the loyalists of the
Revolution time, written in Hudibrastic verse.
Thirty pirated editions are said to have been
sold; and some of its lines are still «familiar
quotations popularly credited to 'Hudibras.
Later he was associated with Joel Barlow and
others in the production of "The Anarchiad
(1786-87). His “Poetical Works) were pub-
lished at Hartford, Conn. , in 1820.
Trumpp, Ernst (trömp). A German Ori-
entalist; born at Ilsfeld, Würtemberg, March
13, 1828; died at Munich, April 5, 1885. His
principal work is (The Adi Granth; or, The
Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs, Translated from
the Original Gurmukhi) (1877). He wrote
also : (The Language of the so-called Caffres
in the Hindu Caucasus); (Sindi Literature :
The Divan of Abd-ul-Latif) (1866); (The Bap-
tism Book of the Ethiopian Church (1876).
Tschudi, Johann Jakob von (tshö'dē). A
Swiss naturalist and traveler; born at Glarus,
July 25, 1818; died at Jakobshof in Lower
Austria, Oct. 8, 1889. He traveled extensively
in South America in 1838-43, and again in
1857–61. He wrote: (The Kechua Language)
(1853); Peru: Sketches of Travel' (1846); Pe-
ruvian Antiquities) (1851); (Travels in South
America) (5 vols. , 1866-69).
Tucker, George. An American lawyer, ed-
ucator, and author; born in Bermuda in 1775;
(
## p. 534 (#550) ############################################
534
TUCKER --TURNBULL
(
died in Albemarle County, Va. , April 10, 1861.
He was a Member of Congress, 1819-25. For
twenty years he was professor of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Virginia (1825-45).
He wrote for many journals and periodicals:
was the author of Letters on the Conspiracy
of Slaves in Virginia) (1800); “Essays on Sub.
jects of Taste, etc. (1822); «The Valley of the
Shenandoah) (1824), a novel; Principles of
Rent, Wages, and Profits) (1837); "Life of
Thomas Jefferson' ( 1837 ); History of the
United States from their Colonization to 1841)
(4 vols. , 1856-58); “Banks or No Banks) (1857);
and (Essays, Moral and Philosophical' (1860).
Tucker, William Jowett. An American
educator and clergyman; born at Griswold,
Conn. , July 13, 1839. He was professor at Ando-
ver Seminary until 1893, and since then presi.
dent of Dartmouth College. He has written
(The New Movement in Humanity. '
Tuckerman, Bayard. An American writer;
born in New York in 1855. His works include
(A History of English Prose Fiction (1882);
"Life of Lafayette); (William Jay and the Abo-
lition of Slavery); Life of Peter Stuyvesant. '
Tuckerman, Henry Theodore. An Amer-
ican author and critic, of much note in his
day; born in Boston, April 20, 1813; died in
New York, Dec. 17, 1871. His works include:
(The Italian Sketch Book) (1835); Isabel ;
or, Sicily) (1839); Rambles and Reveries)
(1841); 'Thoughts on the Poets) (1846); (Artist
Life) (1847); (Characteristics of Literature)
(1849-51); (The Optimist) (1850); Poems)
(1851);( Memorial of Horatio Greenough'(1853);
(Bibliographical Essays) (1857); (Art in Amer-
ical (1858); (The Book of the Artists) (1867);
(The Collector : Essays) (1868). He edited
with William Smith A Smaller History of
English and American Literature) (1870).
Tulloch, John. A Scottish educator and
ecclesiastical writer; born near Tibbermuir,
Perthshire, June 1, 1823; died at Torquay, Eng.
land, Feb. 13, 1886. He published: (Leaders
of the Reformation) (1859); English Puri-
tanism and its Leaders) (1861); Beginning
Life) (1862); «The Christ of the Gospels and
the Christ of Modern Criticism); Lectures
on Renan's Life of Jesus) (1864); (Theology
and Greek Philosophy in England in the 17th
Century) (1872); (Pascal) (1878); (Movements
in Religious Thought in Britain during the
19th Century) (1885); and several volumes of
sermons. He gained the second Burnett prize
of £600 for an essay (On the Being and Attri-
butes of God,' which was published under the
title (Theism: The Witness of Reason and
Nature to an All-Wise and Beneficent Creator)
(1855). He also did much review work, and
wrote (The Wigtown Martyrs Proved to be
Myths.
Tupper, Martin Farquhar. An English
poet; born in London, July 17, 1810; died at
Albury, Surrey, Nov. 29, 1889. In 1838 he
issued the work by which he is best known,
(Proverbial Philosophy,' which had an im-
mense circulation. He wrote other volumes
of prose and verse : Hactenus : A Budget of
Lyrics'; (Ballads for the Time); (Stephen
Langton; or, The Days of King John); Prob-
abilities); (An Aid to Faith'; My Life as an
Author. He twice visited the United States,
and in 1875 wrote a drama in honor of the
centenary of American independence.
Tupy, Eugen (to'pē). [“Voleslav Jablonsky. ”]
A Czech poet; born at Kardasch-Rzetschitz,
Jan. 14, 1813; died at Cracow, March 1881. He
is one of the foremost of Bohemian lyrists, and
his 'Love Songs) in particular are held in great
popular favor. He also wrote the didactic poem
(The Father's Wisdom. '
Turgeneff, Ivan (tör-gān'yef). A celebrated
Russian novelist; born in Orel, Nov. 9, 1818;
died in Bougival, near Paris, Sept. 3, 1883.
His works include: Poems) (1841); (Para-
scha) (1843); Improvidence) (1843); Andrei
Kolosov) (1844); Andrei? (1845), a volume
of poems; “The Conversation (1845); (The
Landlord '(1846); (Three Portraits) (1846);
(Khor and Kalinych) (1847); “The Bully'(1847);
(Dimitri Rudin) (1852); “Two Friends' (1853);
(Quiet Life) (1854); “Rudin) (1856); (Faust)
(1856); (Asja' (1858); (A Nest of Noblemen
(1859), also translated as "Lisa'; (First Love)
(1860); “Hamlet and Don Quixote (1800); On
the Eve' (1862); Fathers and Sons) (1862);
(Visions) (1863); (The Dog) (1863? ); "Story
of Lieutenant Jergunov) (1864); (The Brig-
adier) (1866); (Smoke) (1867); (An Unfortu.
nate) (1868); (A Strange Tale) (1869); (A King
Lear of the Steppe) (1870); (Knock! Knock!
Knock! ' (1870); Pegasus (1871); 'Chertopcha-
nov's End' (1872); (Punin and Baburin' (1874);
(The Living Skeleton (1875); (The Watch)
(1875); (Some One Knocks) (1875); "The
Dream) (1876); New) (1877), also translated
as (Virgin Soil';'Father Alexei's Story) (1877);
(Song of Triumphant Love' (1881); (The Old
Portraits) (1882); (The Despairing One' (1882);
(Poems in Prose' (1882); Klara Milich' (1883);
(The Conflagration at Sea? (1883). *
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de
l'Aulne (tör-go'). An eminent French polit.
ical economist and statesman; born at Paris,
May 10, 1727; died there, March 8, 1781. He
was minister of finance under Louis XVI. In
political economy he was one of the chief rep-
resentatives of the Physiocrat school (see Ques-
nay). It was he who said of Franklin in a
Latin hexameter), he wrested the lightning
from the sky and the sceptre from tyrants. ”
Turnbull, Robert. A Scottish-American Bap-
tist pastor, editor, and author; born in Scot-
land, Sept. 10, 1809; came to the United States
in 1833; died Nov. 20, 1877, in Hartford, Conn. ,
where he was many years a pastor. He was
editor of the Christian Review for two years.
Among his many books are: (The Theatre
(1840); (Olympia Morata) (1842); (The Genius
of Scotland) (1847); (The Genius of Italy)
(1849); (Theophany' (1851); Pulpit Orators
## p. 535 (#551) ############################################
TURNER- TYNDALL
535
of France and Switzerland) (1853); (The Stu-
dent Preacher) (1854); (The World We Live
In) (1855); (Christ in History) (1856); "Life
Pictures; or, Sketches from a Pastor's Note-
Book) (1857).
Turner, Charles Tennyson. An English
poet, brother of Alfred Tennyson; born at Som-
ersby, Lincolnshire, July 4, 1808 ; died at Chel-
tenham, April 25, 1879. He assumed the name
of Turner (1835) by royal license, having in-
herited some property from his great-uncle,
Rev. Samuel Turner. Besides (Poems of Two
Brothers,' written in collaboration with Alfred,
he wrote: (Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces) (1830);
(Sonnets) (1864); "Small Tableaux) (1868);
(Sonnets, Lyrics, and Translations) (1873);
(Collected Sonnets, Old and New) (1880). *
Turner, Sharon. An English historian; born
at London, Sept. 24, 1768; died there, Feb. 13,
1847. He wrote: “History of the Anglo-Saxons)
(4 vols. , 1799-1805; 7th ed. , 3 vols. , 1852); (His-
tory of England during the Middle Ages) (3
vols. , 1814-23; 7th ed. , 4 vols.
, 1853); Modern
History of England,' comprising (The Reign
of Henry VIII. (1826) and (The Reigns of
Edward VI. , Mary, and Elizabeth) (1829); “Sa-
cred History of the World) (3 vols. , 1832); and
a volume of miscellaneous essays, poems, etc.
Tusser, Thomas. An English poet; born at
Rivenhall, Essex, about 1515; died in London,
about April 1580. He was the author of Five
Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, United
to as many of Good Housewifery,' etc. (1573),
in verse, with metrical autobiography; chiefly
valuable for its picture of the manners and
domestic life of the English farmer.
Tuttiett, Mary G. (tut'i-et). [“Maxwell
Grey. )) An English novelist; born in the
Isle of Wight, 18. -, and resides there. She has
written: "The Broken Tryst) (1879); (The
Silence of Dean Maitland) (1886); (The Re-
proach of Annesley) (1889).
Twain, Mark. See Clemens.
Twesten, Karl (tves'ten). A German mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Kiel; died at Ber-
lin, Oct. 14, 1870. He wrote: (Schiller in his
Relation to Science) (1863); Machiavelli?
(1868); (The Religious, Political, and Social
Ideas of the Civilized Peoples of Asia and
Egypt) (2 vols. , 1872).
Twichell, Joseph Hopkins. An American
Congregational clergyman, and writer of bio.
graphy; born in Connecticut, 183–. He has
published Life of John Winthrop); and ed-
ited (Some Old Puritan Love Letters.
Twiss, Sir Travers. A celebrated English
writer and authority on international law ; born
1809; died 189-. He resigned all his important
offices in 1872. He published: (View of the
Progress of Political Economy since the 16th
Century) (1847); Lectures on International
Law) (1856); (The Law of Nations) (1861);
(Law of Nations in Times of War' (1863);
( Monumenta Juridica) (1871-76); “Belligerent
Right on the High Seas) (1884).
Tycho Brahe (ti'ko brä'ę). An illustrious
Danish astronomer; born at Knudstrup, Dec.
24, 1546; died at Prague, Oct. 24, 1601. In
(On the New Star) (1573) he treats of the
star discovered by him in Cassiopeia. His other
writings, most of which were published post-
humously, include : (Astronomical Works);-Me-
chanical Astronomy); (Astronomical Letters. '
Tychsen, Olaus Gerhard (tich'sen). A Ger-
man Orientalist; born at Tondern, Dec. 14,
1734; died at Rostock, Dec. 30, 1815. His
greatest work is (Leisure Hours at Bützow)
(6 vols. , 1766-69), a valuable repertory of Jew-
ish history and erudition. He also wrote:
(Elements of Arabic) (1792); Elements of
Syriac) (1793); (Syriac Natural Science) (1795).
Tychsen, Thomas Christian. A German
Orientalist ; born at Horsbyll, Silesia, May 8,
1758; died Oct. 23, 1834, at Göttingen, where
he was professor of theology. He wrote:
(Principles of Hebrew Archæology) (1789);
(Grammar of Literary Arabic) (1823); and
several essays on Numismatics,' (Palæogra-
phy,' (The Poetry of the Arabs, etc.
Tyler, Moses Coit. An American educator
and author; born in Griswold, Conn. , Aug. 2,
1835. He graduated at Yale in 1857; and was
pastor of a Congregational church 1860-62.
From 1867 to 1881 he was professor in the
University of Michigan; and since then has
been professor of American history in Cornell
University. He has published: (Brawnville
Papers) (1868); (History of American Litera-
ture) (1878); (Manual of English Literature
(1879); "Life of Patrick Henry) (1887); Lit.
erary History of the American Revolution,
1763-83' (2 vols. , 1887); (Three Men of Let-
ters) (1895).
Tyler, Royall. An American jurist and au.
thor; born in Boston, 1757 ; died in Brattle-
boro, Vt. , Aug. 16, 1826. In 1794 he was judge
of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and in 1800
Chief Justice. He wrote the first American
play to be acted by regular comedians: “The
Contrast,' produced in 1786 at New York.
He also wrote: (May-Day: A Comedy' (1787);
(The Georgia Spec. ; or, Land in the Moon
(1797); “The Algerine Captive) (1799); Moral
Tales for American Youths); (The Yankee
in London); and contributed many sketches,
verses, and essays to various journals and mag-
azines.
Tylor, Edward Burnett. An English writer
on the early history of civilization; born at
Camberwell, Oct. 2, 1832. He wrote: Ana-
huac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans) ( 1861 );
Early History of Mankind and of Civilization)
(1865; 3d ed. 1878); Primitive Culture : Re-
searches into the Development of Mythology,
Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom (1871;
3d ed. 1891); (Anthropology (1881).
Tyndall, John. A British physicist and
writer on science; born at Leighlin Bridge, near
Ca w, Ireland, Aug. 21, 1820; died at Hasle.
mere, Surrey, England, Dec. 4, 1893. He studied
## p. 536 (#552) ############################################
536
TYNG-L'BICINI
(
in Germany; in 1850 he published in the Philo-
sophical Magazine Discoveries in Magnetism.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
in 1852; professor of natural philosophy at the
Royal Institution in 1853, and in 1867 its super-
intendent. He was the first to climb the Weiss-
horn, and subsequently reached the summit of
the Matterhorn; and published: (Philosophical
Transactions in Glaciers of the Alps) (1860);
Mountaineering in 1861) (1862); and Hours
of Exercise in the Alps) (1871). Heat Con-
sidered as a Mode of Motion appeared in
1863; Dust and Disease, 1870. In 1872
he lectured in the United States : the profits
he devoted as a fund. (in aid of students
who devote themselves to original research. ”
Besides the works mentioned, he published :
(Sound: A Course of Eight Lectures) (2d ed.
1875); (Faraday as a Discoverer) (1868); “Nine
Lectures on Light (1870); Essays on the
Use and Limit of the Imagination in Science)
(1871); (The Forms of Water in Clouds and
Rivers, Ice and Glaciers) (1872); Essays on
the Floating Matter of the Air) (1881); and
New Fragments) (1892); besides many others.
He received honorary degrees from the Univer.
sities of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and was
made D. C. L. by Oxford. *
Tyng, Stephen Higginson. A prominent
American clergyman, long rector of St. George's
Church, New York; born in Newburyport,
Mass. , March 1, 1800; died in Irvington, N. Y. ,
Sept. 4, 1885. For several years he edited the
Episcopal Recorder, the Protestant Church-
man, etc. , and he published in book form many
volumes; among them : Lectures on the Law
and Gospel (1832 ); Sermons) (1839-52 );
(Recollections of England (1847); “The Israel
of God' (1854); (Christ Is All (1852); “The
Rich Kinsman) (1856); Forty Years' Experi-
ence in Sunday Schools) (1860); 'The Prayer
Book) (1863-67).
Tyrtæus (tir-tē'us). A Greek lyric poet;
he flourished at the time of the second Messe-
nian war in the latter half of the seventh cen-
tury B. C. Fragments only of his poems have
been preserved. *
Tyrwhitt, Thomas (ter'it). An English
classical scholar and writer; born in London,
March 29, 1730; died there, Aug. 15, 1786.
Among his works are : "Observations on Some
Passages of Shakespeare (1760); a celebrated
edition of Chaucer (1773); editions of Isæus's
(Orphical and Aristotle's Poetics); critical
dissertations on Babrius, Euripides, Aristoph-
anes, and Strabo. He was the original editor
of Rowley's Poems, for which he furnished
a preface and glossary, and subsequently added
an appendix to prove that they were written
by Chatterton.
Tytler, Alexander Fraser, Lord Wood-
houselee. A Scottish historical writer; born
in Edinburgh, Oct. 15, 1747 ; died there Jan. 5.
1813. He wrote, besides many other works,
“Essay on the Principles of Translation (1791-
1813); (The Elements of General History,
Ancient and Modern) (1801), which was long
an authoritative text-book; Life of Lord
Kames) (1807); and Life of Petrarch (1810).
Tytler, Patrick Fraser. A Scottish histo-
rian and biographer, son of Alexander F. ; born
in Edinburgh, Aug. 30, 1791 ; died at Great
Malvern, England, Dec. 24. 1849. His prin-
cipal works were : Lives of James Crichton
of Cluny, commonly called “The Admirable
Crichton” (1819), Sir Thomas Craig of Ric-
carton (1823), and John Wicklyff (1826); "Scot-
tish Worthies) (1832-33); (Sir Walter Raleigh
(1833); (An Historical View of the Progress of
Discovery on the Northern Coasts of America,
etc. (1832); (History of Scotland from 1149 to
the Union of the Crowns in 1613' (9 vols. ,
1828-43; 5th ed. 1866).
Tzetzes, Joannes (tzet'zes). A Greek gram-
marian and poet; born about 1110; died about
1180. Among his works are: (The Book of
Histories, a philosophico-historical didactic
poem; (Iliacs, a poem in continuation of
Homer's Iliad ; and several other poetical com-
positions.
Tzschirner, Heinrich Gottlieb (chēr'ner).
A German theological writer; born at Witt-
weida in Saxony, Nov. 14, 1778; died February
1828, at Leipsic, where he was professor of the.
ology. He wrote: (Protestantism and Cathol.
icism from the Standpoint of Politics (4th ed.
1824); (The Fall of Gentilism' (1829); and a
continuation of Schröckh's Church History
U
Ubaldini, Petruccio (ö-bäl-dē'nē). An Ital.
ian historian; born at Florence, about 1524;
died at London, about 1600. He wrote : "Life
of Charlemagne (1581); “Description of Scot-
land and its Isles) (1588); "Lives of Illustrious
Ladies of England and Scotland (1591); Pre-
cepts, Moral, Political, and Economic) (1592).
Uberti, Fazio (or Bonifacio) degli (ö-băr'tē).
An Italian poet; born in Florence; died about
1367. He was a grandson of Uberti, one of
the Florentine leaders of the Ghibelline faction,
and was driven into exile by the Guelphs. He
wrote an unfinished descriptive poem called
(The News of the World, which was quite
celebrated.
Ubicini, Jean Henri Abdolonyme (ü-bē.
sē-nē'). A French publicist; born at Issou-
dun, 1818; died at Vernon-sur-Brenne, Oct. 27,
1884. He wrote: (Memoirs Justifying the Rou-
manian Revolution) (1849); (The Eastern
## p. 537 (#553) ############################################
UCHARD- UJESKI
537
Question Confronting Europe) (1854); "The
Serbs in Turkey) (1865); ' Eastern Rumelia since
the Treaty of Berlin) (1880); “Sources of Roman
History) (1886).
Uchard, Bernardin, Seigneur de Monspey
(ü-shär'). A French poet of the first half of
the 17th century. He is noted for two poems
written in Southern French patois : (The Groans
of the Poor Farm Laborer over the Dread He
Has of War) (1615), and “The Woman of Pied-
mont) (1619).
Uchard, Mario. A French playwright and
story-writer; born at Paris, Dec. 28, 1824; died
there, July 31, 1893. Among his dramatic com-
positions are: (The Husband's Return (1858);
(Second Youth) (1859); (A Burgomaster's Pros-
perity) (1864); (The Charmers) (1864). His
novels include : (Raymon) (1862); «Gertrude's
Marriage) (1862); (Countess Diana! (1864);
(A Last Passion) (1866); (My Uncle Barbas-
sou) (1876); (My Cousin Antoinette) (1891).
Uda, Felice (ö'dä). An Italian poet and
publicist, brother of Michele; born at Cagli.
ari in Sardinia, Feb. 25, 1832. He wrote:
(Wishes and Hopes) (1852), a volume of verses,
and Memories and Affections) (1862), both of
which were received with great favor; also
(Literary Sketches) (1863); a series of essays
on Leopardi and Poerio); (Dante and Mod-
ern Poetry); the comedies (The Heart and
the Age and (Every-Day Saints); and (Miguel
Cervantes,' a literary study (1873).
Uda, Michele. An Italian dramatist and
novelist ; born at Cagliari, 1830. At 20 he joined
a band of strolling players, and wrote or
adapted comedies for them. Among his origi-
nal compositions are the comedies (The Wid-
ow's Suitors, played by Ristori with great
success, and Mask and Face); and the dra.
mas (In the Coffin) and “The Workingman
and his Family. His finest work is the brill-
iant comedy (The Renegados) (1858). Among
his novels are A Poor Devil,' and (From Herod
to Pilate. )
Udall, Nicholas (ū'dal). An English dra-
matist; born in Hampshire, in 1506; died in
1564. He was a Fellow of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford, and master of Eton. His school-
books were very popular; but he is chiefly re-
membered as the author of Ralph Royster
Doyster,' the first regular comedy in the Eng.
lish language, which was certainly in existence
as early as 1551. The best edition is one pre-
pared for the Shakspere Society, by William
Durrant Cooper (1847).
Ueberweg, Friedrich von (ü'ber-veg). A
German philosopher; born in Leichlingen, Jan.
22, 1626; died at Königsberg, June 9, 1871. His
chief works are: (Outline of the History of
Philosophy, published in many editions, the
first 1863-66; and (System of Logic and His-
tory of Logical Science. )
Uechtritz, Friedi (üch'trēts). A German
dramatist and novelist; born at Görlitz, Sept. 12,
1800; died there, Feb. 15, 1875. Among his
tragedies are: (Rome and Spartacus,' and
(Rome and Otto III. (1823); (Alexander and
Darius) (1827); “The Sword of Honor); Rosa-
mund' (1833). His dramatic poem “The Bab.
ylonians in Jerusalem (1836) is notable for
elevation of thought and lyric grandeur. Among
his novels are: (Albrecht Holm (5 vols. , 1851-
53); “The Bride's Brothers) (3 vols. , 1860); and
(Eleazar) (3 vols. , 1867), a story of the great
Jewish war.
Ughelli, Ferdinando (ö-gel'lē). An Italian
historian; born at Florence, 1595; died 1670.
Ile was a Cistercian monk and abbot. His
principal work is (Italia Sacra! (9 vols. ,
1642-48), an account of all the episcopal sees
of Italy, with lists of the bishops and a great
deal of general information regarding the his-
tory of Italy. He wrote also Christian Gaul)
(1656).
Ugoni, Camillo (ö-gõ'nē). An Italian his-
torian of literature; born at Brescia, 1784 ;
died there, 1855. He wrote (Italian Literature
in the Second Half of the 18th Century) (1856).
Uhland, Ludwig.
