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number of his people, were slain by Geoffrey O’Kane, the son of Geoffrey, they having gone to
aid John, the son of Thomas O’Kane.
Cumaighe Ballach, the son of Donal O’Kane,
one of the most distinguished gentlemen of his
means, was slain by some of the people of the Routes.
Torlogh, the son of Felim Buighe O'Conor, was killed by Torlogh Roe, the son of Teige Buighe, son of Cathal Roe.
Roderick, the son of Bryan, son of Philip Ma guire, a distinguished military leader, died.
The son of O’Reilly,i. e. Cathal, the son of Owen, son of Cathal, was taken prisoner by the sons of John the son of Cathal O’Reilly; in consequence of
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 383
heard of these forces advancing towards him, he
sent the greater portion of his own forces before him, with the prey and booty of the country, and
he himself remained in the rear, at a great distance, with a small party of his troops, until the main
body of the other army overtook and attacked
him, and being taken in this dangerous position, troops and active warriors, by whom most dan he was slain on the spot on the sixth of October. gerous passes were forced, died, after extreme It was a melancholy and mournful circumstance, unction and repentance, in his own castle at that so free-born and exalted a chieftain should Rathain, on the 14th of December.
die after that manner, for his equal was not among O'Conor Kerry, i. e. Conor, the son of Conor, the Kinel Eogain for a long time, in nobleness, went on a predatory incursion into the territory feats of arms, hospitality, valour, prowess, and of Alla (Duhallow, in Cork), and was overtaken defence; and to record his death, the following
was composed:
Dermod, son of the Giolla Duv O’Brien, and Dermod, the son of Cormac O’Malley, were slain in that engagement by Cormac, the son of Teige.
Mac Carthy Riavach, i. e. Donal, the son of Duv Mac Donnell, were wounded and taken pri Fingin, son of Dermod, having gone on a preda soners, which resulted from that death by O’Neill’s tory expedition into Glenflesg (in Kerry), was people. overtaken by the people of the country on his leav Gormley, the daughter of O’Donnell, i. e. of ing the Glen ; he himself was taken prisoner, and
Hugh Roe, the wife of Hugh, son of Niall, son of some of his people were slain.
Mac Donogh of Tirrerrill died, i. e. Roderick,
the son of Tomaltach, son of Bryan, after which a
dispute arose among the Mac Donoghs about the
lordship of the country, and Cormac, the son of Con, thesonofCon, marched twice into Brefney with Teige, son of Bryan, was nominated the Mac his forces, and destroyed the portion of Brefney Donogh. * belonging to the sons of John; and the sons of
Mac Sweeney of Tir Boghaine (barony of Ban
nagh, in Donegal), i. e. Niall More, the son of Owen, the most renowned constable of his own noble tribe for action and heroism, for deter mination of mind and counsel, for arraying and attacking, for hospitality and generosity, for great
which the entire of Brefney was wasted between O'Reilly, and thesons of John O’Reilly. O’Neill, i. e.
384 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1525.
John spoiled the portion of the O'Reilly. The where they killed the bishop, to be first flayed
young prior (O'Reilly, prior of Cavan), the son alive in an awful manner, and their bowels to be of Cathal, son of Fergal, son of John, was killed then taken out and burned before them.
by the shot of a ball at the castle of Tullach Torlogh, the son of Mahon, son of Torlogh, son Moain (probably Tullyvin, near Cootehill); and of Bryan Chatha-an-Aonaich (Bryan of the battle he was a distinguished military leader. of Nenagh), O’Brien, bishop of Killaloe, died.
The son of Maguire, i. e. Conor, the son of John, The dean, son of Bryan Roe Mac Conway, a
son of Philip, was killed by the tribe of Art O’Neill. man who kept a house of general hospitality, Ross, the son of Roderick, son of Thomas Oge died.
Maguire, was drowned in the port of Cleenish, The lord justice, the earl of Kildare, namely, after having carried off a prey from the son of Gerald Oge, the son of Gerald, called a council of Maguire, i. e. Gillpatrick, the son of Conor. the men of Ireland, in Dublin, to which came the
Bryan, the son of Gillpatrick, son of Hugh Oge earls, barons, knights, and other nobles, and the
Mac Mahon ; Ardgal, the son of Hugh Oge, and Eochy, the son of Hugh Oge, came to the town of Mac Mahon, i. e. of Glaisne, the son of Red mond, son of Glaisne Mac Mahon, to ratify and
confirm their bonds of peace with him, and having concluded their compact, conditions, and peace
greater portion of the Irish, and of the English of
Ireland. Thither repaired O’Neill, i. e. Con Bacach, the son of Con; and O’Donnell, i. e.
great riches, died.
O’Breslen, i. e. Owen Oge, the son of Owen,
however, was concluded between them in the beginning of harvest, and they bound themselves
on each side to abide by the decision of the lord Mac Rithbeartaigh (Mac Rafferty), i. e. Cuchon justice and Manus O’Donnell.
chief brehon to Maguire, died. acht, chief poet to Maguire, died.
A. D. 1525.
A monstrous and abominable
ted this year, viz. , the bishop of Leighlin' was
treacherously killed by Mac Anabaidh Mac Mur in the monastery of Donegal.
rogh, while accompanying him in a loving and Rose, the daughter of Maguire, i. e. John, friendly manner; the persons apprehended by the died.
earl of Kildare, who were guilty of this foul deed, were ordered by him to be conveyed to the place
A . D. 1525.
1. The bishop of Leighlin here mentioned was Maurice Doran, a Franciscan or Dominican friar, eminent for his probity of man ners and eloquence; and according to Ware, he was murdered on
Judith, the daughter of Mac Mahon, i. e. Bryan, died.
the high road near Glen Reynold, by his archdeacon Maurice Cavenagh (or Mac Murrogh), because he had reproved him for his insolent obstinacy and other crimes, and threatened him with further correction.
act was commit
Catherine, the daughter of O’Duigenan, died on the ninth of June, and was honourably interred
Hugh, the son of Hugh Roe, to ratify their com pacts and confirm their league of peace, in presence of the lord justice; here they argued and disputed about all the treaties that ever were between them
with him, by oaths and many sureties, they de
parted from the town without fear or terror; Bry till then before their English and Irish friends, an-na-moich-eirghe (of the Early Rising), Mac but neither the lord justice nor the other nobles Mahon, accompanied by the household ofMac could settle their disputes, and they returned Mahon, were sent in pursuit of them, by whom
Bryan and Ardgal were slain, through enmity and
deceit, and they were the two best men of their
age of any in their neighbourhood.
every direction through which he passed, without John Buighe, the son of Andrew Magrath (of encountering battle or opposition on his advance Fermanagh), a respected and affluent man, of or return on either of those expeditions. A peace,
home without peace and again renewed the war. O’Donnell made two incursions into Tyrone this year, and burned and laid waste the country in
O’Kane, i. e. John, the son of Thomas, was
killed by a party of his own tribe, namely, the son of Roderick of the Routes O’Kane, the son of Geoffrey O’Kane, and others.
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 385
A. D. 1526. molished the castle of Grange, which was the town Glaisne, the son of Hugh Magennis, abbot of of the tribe of Bryan O'Conor. These forces after the monks of Newry, and prior of Down and wards marched into Moylurg, and spoiled and Saul, was killed by the sons of Donal Magennis, burned the country, and the people of Bryan namely, Donal Oge and his brethren. O'Conor having escaped on that occasion, he
O’Reilly, i. e. Owen, died, and a great conten (O’Donnell) returned home. When the O'Conors tion arose amongst his race after his death about heard that O’Donnell had returned to Tirconnell, the lordship, until Fergal, the son of John, was no they, and the Mac Donoghs before mentioned,
minated the O’Reilly, by the recommendation of with their forces, marched Sligo, and com the lord justice, and of many of the nobles of the menced cutting the crops and corn; and they English and Irish, although there were some of his were endeavouring take the town until man
competitors older than himself.
The son of O’Rourke, i. e. Teige, son of Owen,
note their party was slain, namely, Roderick Ballach, the son O’Hart; they retired from the town that day, but again assembled attack it;
was treacherously killed by his own brethren.
O'Neill, i. e. Con, and Manus O’Donnell, went when O’Donnell received intelligence that,
before the lord justice to make peace between proceeded with expedition and activity, with the Connallians (O’Donnells), and Eugenians out stoppage delay, relieve Sligo; but, how (O’Neills), and many of the English and Irish ever, they did not wait his arrival, for the O'Conors nobles attended to restore peace between them; and Mac Donoghs retired Beladroichid; O’Don however, they could not succeed in establishing nell, with his forces, pursued them with pos peace or friendship between them, and they re sible speed, and overtook and quickly defeated the
turned without being reconciled on that occasion. O'Conors and Mac Donoghs, which encounter After Manus returned from Dublin, he and Mac Donogh's son, Malachy, the son Owen O’Donnell marched with their forces, in the be Mac Donogh, with many others, were slain.
ginning of Spring, into Tyrone; they committed
great depredations, and took immense plunder in
the country, and spent their Shrovetide on those
preys at Coill-na-lon (the Wood of the Blackbirds), in Siol Baoighill (O’Boyle's country, in Donegal),
and they afterwards returned safely to their homes, with great booty.
An insurrection broke out in North Connaught,
in which the greater portion of the inhabitants
united against O’Donnell. The persons who thus
combined were Bryan, the son of Felim O'Conor,
Teige the son of Cathal Oge O'Conor, and the over the Conacians, which great number tribe of Cormac Mac Donogh, namely, Owen and them were slain, the Tirconnallians did not gain Murtogh, with their sons and followers; this party great victory over the Conacians, obtain committed depredations in the lower part of Car much booty, they did that defeat Bel bury (in Sligo), on the tribe of Felim, son of adroichid.
Owen O'Conor, and they carried the booty away O'Neill having proceeded prevent the build
into Moylurg, where the inhabitants were friendly ing castle which was commenced Manus to them, on account of opposing O’Donnell. When O’Donnell, Port-na-dtri-Namhad (in Donegal), O'Donnell received intelligence of those depre Manus met the advanced guard the force, and dations having been committed, he mustered his took Henry, the son John O’Neill, prisoner; forces, consisting of some of the chiefs of Tir and O’Neill himself fled the manner of defeat. connell, and Maguire, i. e. Cuchonacht, with some O’Kane,
of the forces of Fermanagh, with which he first killed marched into Carbury, where he at once de O’Neill,
Geoffrey, the son Geoffrey, was Beallach-an-Chamain, by the son
Bryan, the son Felim, son Manus O'Conor, was thrown from his horse, and was the
denseness and intricacy droichid was enabled
the wood about Belin
make his escape from did not perfectly re cover from the effects of that defeat until he died.
them, and some say that
The Conacian forces left great booty behind them, horses, arms, and accoutrements, with
the Tirconnallians on that occasion; and since the time Hugh Roe, the son Niall Garv (ODon nell), gained the battle Ceadaigh Droighnigh
Niall Oge, and Niall himself was
so so of atain all
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386 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1526-27.
taken prisoner in three days after by O'Neill, and O’Donnell his own terms peace, and also gave was imprisoned for a long time. him hostages security for the fulfilment every The son of O’Kane, i. e. Geoffrey, heir to the thing they promised; the tribe Bryan O'Conor
lordship of his own country (in Derry), went acted after the same manner, paid O’Donnell his on a predatory incursion into Glenconcadhan, tribute, and made peace his own terms, after
in the month of January, where he perished by had demolished the castle Grange, and destroyed the severity of the winter's cold; and no tidings their crops and corn; the inhabitants then were received of him until his body was found in brought back their cattle the country, and the end of the following Lent; Henry, the son of O’Donnell returned home safe with his forces, Niall, son of Bryan, lord of Baile-na-Braghat, was victory and triumph, after that expedition, and killed on the same expedition, and many others of was short time before November that force was their party were either slain or perished of the cold. mustered by O’Donnell.
The son of Mac Pierce gave a defeat to the sons
of Edmond, son of Thomas Butler, in which was
slain Conor Oge, the son of Conor Caoch Mac
Donnell, a constable of galloglasses, whose feats of
arms hitherto, on many occasions, were famous,
and particularly on that day, for his great bravery
and execution of hand would not suffer him to ac
cept of quarter, which was offered him; a great
many commanders, and of the cavalry, and of gal
loglasses, were slain along with him.
O'Dogherty, i. e. Eachmarcach, lord of Inisowen,
died, and a great contention arose amongst his own race about the lordship, until Gerald, son of Donal, son of Felim O’Dogherty, was appointed the lord.
Breasal O'Madden, lord Siol Anmcha (in Galway), man distinguished for his mildness, humanity, valour, and just judgments, died.
A. D. 1527 Laurence, abbot Lisgoole, died.
Maguire, i. e. Conor, died, and the coarb, name ly, Cuchonacht, the son Cuchonacht, the son Bryan, was nominated the Maguire, his succes sor, by O’Donnell.
Tirerrill, Cormac, the son Bryan, died, and contest arose at the instigation of the tribe of Rickard Burke. amongst the Mac Donoghs about the lordship,
O’Donnell marched with a force into Tyrawley,
Teige, son
The chiefs of Tirconnell joined that army, and also
Maguire, i. e. Cuchonact, with the forces of Fer managh; these chiefs proceeded immediately to
Sligo, and O’Donnell's forces conveyed much corn belonging to the tribe of Bryan O’Connor, at Cuil
Iorra, to Sligo, and what they did not carry with them they completely destroyed. O’Donnell then
marched with his forces into Tyrawley, and took
the castles of Caorthanan and of Crossmolina, in
which castles he got many prisoners, and much
booty; he pulled down and completely demolish
ed those castles, so as to render them uninhabi
table, after which he made amicable peace and
unanimity between the tribe of Rickard Burke and
the Barretts, so that he left them on friendly terms
with each other. O’Donnell, on his return, en
camped at Colooney, the inhabitants of which being, at the time, in opposition and insubordi
until Owen, the son Donogh, son Murrogh, was appointed the Mac Donogh.
Bryan, the son Felim, son Manus O’Con or, and Donal, the son Felim, son Torlogh Carragh O'Conor, died.
Flaherty, the son Roderick, son Bryan Maguire, was killed by the people Tullaghaw, namely, Anthony, the son Manus MacGauran.
Aulave Oge Duv MacAuley, the chief Calry (in Westmeath), was slain the Clan Coleman;
but previous his death had his revenge, for slew the same place Fiochaidh Mac Geoghegan.
O'Clery, Giolla Riavach, the son Teige Cam, man distinguished the arts, history, poetry, and literature, man respected, rich and affluent, and great power, died the Fran ciscan habit (at the monastery Donegal), the
8th day March.
The doctor O’Dunslevey, (O’Dunleavey Do
nation to him, he spoiled and burned the corn
belonging the tribe Cormac Mac Donogh,
after which spoiling and destruction they gave Medicine, and learned the other arts, man
Torlogh, the son
Felim, the son O’Donnell, died.
Eigneachan O'Donnell, and Geoffrey, son John Lurg
Mac Donogh
negal), Donogh, the son Owen, Doctor
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REIGN OF HENRY VIII.
great affluence and wealth, and who kept an open war against him; the time Manus commenced this house of general hospitality, died on the 30th of work was the Wednesday after the festival St.
September.
The son of Manus Maguire, i. e. Thomas Oge,
the son of Cathal Oge, son of Cathal Oge, Biatach of Seanaigh, (keeper of a house of general hospi tality at Seanaigh, in Fermanagh), official of Lough Erne, (vicar general of Clogher), a man learned and experienced in the arts, a man full of fame and excellence, in the neighbouring districts, died.
Roderick, the son Murrogh Mac Sweeney,
Brendan, summer, and was part the same summer.
completed
Tiarnan, son Brefney, the
was killed his own kinsmen. William, the son Andrew Magrath,
man
St. Francis, after extreme unction and repentance. O’Brien, Torlogh, the son Teige, for
long time the most eminent the Irish Leath Mogha (Southern Ireland), nobility and hospi tality, worthy representative Bryan Boroimhe,
carrying war against the English, died after extreme unction and repentance, and his son Co nor was appointed his successor.
Fionnguala, the daughter O’Brien,
Conor-na-Srona, the son Torlogh, son Bryan
the Battle Nenagh, the wife O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh Roe, who was the most distinguished
woman her time for good name and excellence,
regarded body and soul, after having spent her
life and means acts charity and humanity,
riches and affluence, died.
Caitilin (Katheleen), the daughter Con, son
Donal O’Neill, pious and very hospitable woman, who was the wife worthy men, namely, first O’Reilly, and afterwards O’Rourke, died after extreme unction and repentance.
O’Donnell, Hugh, the son Hugh Roe,
marched with force into Connaught, and the fol lowing were those who joined his forces, namely, O'Boyle, O’Dogherty, the three Mac Sweeneys, Maguire, namely, Cuchonacht, with the military Fermanagh, and the chiefs North Connaught,
A. D. 1528. Owen, the son
O’Rourke, Teige, son
bility, the race Hugh Finn, died
Tiarnan More, lord defending pillar hospitality, feats
arms, and no the habit
with their troops; and they did not halt until and after having been twenty-two years the
they reached Moylurg Roscommon), and they
laid waste the entire country, both corn and dwel lings; they afterwards marched take the great castle Mac Costello (in the barony Costello,
Mayo), which was strong and impregnable fortress, for that castle was well supplied with sorts defensivemilitary instruments that were then used Ireland, against attacking enemies, such
provisions, ordnance, and every description
weapons. Those chiefs, however, laid siege the
castle, and surrounded the whole place with their forces, that they permitted one pass
from until was length taken. On the same
expedition they took the castle Mendoda (Ban ada, Sligo), the castle the port Bally-na
Franciscan habit, died the first day Lent, being the 15th February, and was buried the monastery Donegal, which had been founded during her own life-time.
Con; the son O’Neill, son Art O’Neill,
experienced military leader, was slain April, the son Art Oge O'Neill,
O'Neill, and party the people
Maguire; and the two sons O’Neill,
Art Oge, namely, Henry and Cormac, who were
imprisonment with O’Neill, Con, the son Con, for long time before that, were delivered O'Neill the sons Con, son Niall, who
hanged the two revenge their father.
Mac Dermott Moylurg, Cornac, the son Roderick, the most distinguished man for hos
Huamha, and Castlerea (both Roscommon), and
they demolished those castles after taking them; pitality and generosity, the high-tempered steel
Hugh Buighe, the son Dubhaltach (Dudley),
Connaught war and conflict, the defender
his territory against invading tribes, died after ex treme unction and repentance, and was succeeded
his brother Dermod.
Mac Carthy Riavach, Donal, died.
The castle Colooney was taken from Mac
O'Gallagher, was slain that army nell's side, before Bealach Buidhe.
O’Don
The castle Leithbhir (Lifford,
Manus O’Donnell, while O'Neill carried
Donegal), was completed stone, wood, and board works,
the 15th the Hugh
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388 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1528.
Donogh by his own brother, Murtogh, the son of having taken hostages and tribute from Mac Der Donogh, son of Murrogh; and Mac Donogh him mott, he returned home safe to his country.
self, and his son Murrogh, were shortly after taken prisoners by O’Dowd, and by the same Mur togh; and another son of Mac Donogh, namely, Donogh, was slain by them at the same time.
O’Donnell, accompanied by a large body of the
Scots, commanded by Alexander (Mac Donnell), the son of John Cathanach, marched with his forces into Moylurg; they cut through the pass called Bealach Buidhe (in Roscommon), and after
III. The Kingdom of Ulster. —The ancient history of Ulster is continued in this article from page 369, and in the former part an account has been given of the first coonies that peopled Ireland, and of the Celts, Scythians, and other ancient nations, and of the Slavonic, Teutonic, and Celtic races who compose the inhabitants of Europe. The Teutonic race, as already explained, form inany of the great European nations, as the Germans, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Dutch, Swiss, English, and Anglo-Irish, and the colonies planted by them in Asia, Africa, and America. The Germans are chiefly Teutons of Scythian or Gothic origin, but there is also a great mixture amongst them of the old Celtic race. The French are chiefly composedof the Celtic or Gaulish race, but contain a considerable mixture of German or Teutonic blood, for the Franks and Burgundians who conquered Gaul in the time of the Romans were of the Teutonic race, and there is also in France a great mixture of the Roman blood, as the Romans held Gaul as a province for many centuries, and there is likewise some of the Greek race, as the Greeks settled colonies in Gaul. The Italians have a considerable mixture of the old Celtic-Gaulish race, and of the Etrurian race, who were also Celts; they have also much of the Teutonic blood from the Goths, Longobards, and other northern nations who conquered Italy in the time of the Romans; and the German race in modern times rule over a great part of Italy; the Italian people are also to a great extent composedof the old Roman race, with a mixture of Greek blood. The Spaniards and Por tuguese contain a great deal of the old Celtic race, with a large mixture of the Scythian and Teutonic race, from the Goths and Vandals who conquered Spain in the time of the Romans; and the Spaniards and Portuguese have likewise a large mixture of the Roman, Carthaginian, and Moorish blood, as Spain was conquered and held for centuries by these different nations. The English are chiefly composed of the Teutonic race, namely, the Anglo Saxons, Danes, and Anglo-Normans, with someof the Roman race, as the Romans held Britain as a province for five hundred years; there is likewise amongst the English and Welsh a great deal of the old British or Celtic race, and of the Belgians from Gaul, and in mo dern times there is a large mixture of the IrishCeltic race in England. The Scotch are chiefly composed of the old Celtic race of Picts and Caledonians, with a mixture of Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Anglo Normans.
The Irish are composed of the old Celtic race, of the Fir bolgor Belgians of Gaul, of the Milesians and Brigantes of Spain, who were of Celto-Scythian origin, with a mixture of the Celtiberians, Cantabrians, and Phenicians of Spain, and also of the Fomorians or Africans, who were Canaanites, and of the Danans, a colony of eastern origin, supposed to be Chaldeans or Persians; and lastly, the Irish have a great intermixture of Danish, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon blood.
The Milesians, as already shewn in the preceding number, were
a colony which came to Ireland from Spain, and are represented by our old annalists as originally Scythians. According to Bo chart and other authorities, quoted by sir Laurence Parsons, in his learned work entitled “A Defence of the Ancient History of Ire land,” it is shewn that some of the Scythian nations bordering on Phenicia, Palestine, and Syria, became mixed with the Phenicians,
and some of those mixed people of Scythian and Phenician origin, or Scytho-Phenicians who had settled in Spain, in very re
O’Mulvey, chief of Teallach Carolan (in Leitrim) i. e. Cathal, the son of Donal, son of Anthony Buighe, died.
A great wind arose on the Friday before Christ mas, which prostrated a great number of trees throughout Ireland, levelled many stone and wood
en buildings, and threw down the wall of the mo nastery of 1)onegal, and also swept away, sunk, and destroyed many vessels.
mote ages, are considered to have been the ancestors of the Mile sian colony that came to Ireland from Spain about a thousand years before the Christian era. The great affinity between the Phenician and Hillermo-Celtic or Irish language and alphabet, as explained in the article on the Fomorians, has beenshown by various learned antiquaries, as Wallancey, Laurence Parsons, sirWilliam Betham, Willaneuva, and others, and they have likewise pointed out simi larity between the Irish language and that the Carthaginians, who were colony theTyrians and Phenicians. The Phenician alphabet was first brought Greece from Egypt Cadmus, about fifteen centuries before the Christian era, and Phenix, brother Cadmus, the Phenician, who first introduced letters amongst the Greeks and Plenicians, considered O'Flaherty, Charles O'Conor, and others, the same the celebrated Pheniusa Feniusa Farsa the old Irish historians, who state that
was king Scythia, and ancestor the Milesians Spain, who came Ireland, and being man great learning, said have
invented the Irish alphabet which his Milesian posterity brought Ireland, and may further observed, that the Irish their own language were from Phenius Feniusa called Feine, term latinised Phenii, and signifying Phenicians, shown by Charles O'Conor, and O'Brien's Dictionary. The Brigantes, whom account lias beenalready given colony from Spain who accompanied the Milesians Ireland, were, according Mariana
and other Spanish historians, originally some the Brigas Phrygians from Asia Minor, and the same people the ancient Trojans, and colony these Phrygians were some the first inhabitants Spain.
Ancient Names Ireland. —In the time the first colonies Partholanians, Nemedians, Fomorians, and Firbolg, appears
Ireland was known the names Inis Ealga, signifying the Noble Excellent Island, and latinised Insula nobilis, and Fiodh-Inis, the Woody Island, latimised Insula memorosa,from the great
forests oak, &c. , with which the country was covered; Crioch Fuinidh, signifying the Final most remote country, and latinised Terra finalis, was also one the ancient names Ireland.
Inisfail, signifying the Island Destiny, andlatinised Inisfalia, and Insula fatalis was likewise one the mostancient names Ire land, and was called the Tuath De Danan, said, from the Lia-Fail Liag Fail, called the Stone Destiny, which the Da naus brought Ireland, and which the Irish kings were for many ages inaugurated Tara. Ireland frequently designated by the bards under the name Inis Fail, simply Fail, which appears
have been favourite epithet. The Dauans also gave Ireland the names Eire, Fodhla, and Banba, from three their queens who were called; Fodhla, pronounced Fola, and Bamba,appear
have been favourite names, and are frequently used the bards, being beautiful and euphonious sound.
Erin. —The name Eire becamethe chief appellation for Ireland, and pronounced Eir-e, word two syllables; from Eire
have been derived the names Eri, Eriu, Eirin, and lastly Erin, hence the inhabitants of Ireland have been denominated Irish Eiriomach and Eirionaigh, latinised Erigena, Erigemae, and Erinenses; Eria, shown O'Conor, Keating, and O'Flaherty, was also ancignt name applied Egypt, and likewise the island Crete Greece, now called Candia; Eire Erin, be
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A. D. 1529.
ONAL Oge, i. e. the
Mac Sweeny of Fanat,
the son of Donal, son of
Torlogh Roe, lord of
Fanat, for one year,
died, after having put
on the habit of the or
der of the Virgin Mary
(Carmelites or White friars, at Rathmullen, in
Donegal).
Edmond, the son of
Donal Mac Sweeney, and Edmond Roe, his son, fell on the same day
by the hand of Torlogh, the son of Roderick, son of Maolmurry Mac Sweeney.
camethe chief name of Ireland, and it is so called to the present day by the Irish people.
Ierne. —By various Greek writers Ireland was called Ierne and Iernis, and in a Greek poem called the Argonautica of Orpheus, written at Athens, more than five hundred years before the Chris tian era, according to O'Brien in his Dictionary, at the word Eirin, and O'Flaherty's Ogygia, by Orpheus of Crotona, who was called Onomacritus, Erin or Ireland is mentioned under the name Iernis, and it is stated in the poem that the Argonauts passed Neson Iernida, that the Island Iernis, and that Iernis the writer meantIreland, was the opinion Bochart, Cainden, Usher, and other most learned antiquaries, and Usher remarks, that the Ro mansthemselves could not produce such testimony their an tiquity: thus Ireland was mentioned the Greek writers five hundred years before the Christian era, and more than two thou sand three hundred years ago; the passages from the Greek poem
389
Bryan Ballach, the son Niall, son Con
O'Neill, was killed Cormac Mac Quillan, the same Cormac being the company and friendship
Bryan, after they had left Carrickfergus.
Cathal, the son Owen, son Hugh Maguire, died.
Bryan Roe, the son John Maguire, was killed the cast dart, while endeavouring inter cede between the people Coole Fermanagh),
and the people the Machaire (or Plain).
The son Mac Dougal Scotland was killed
the single stroke sword, the door-way Cuil Mac-an-Treoin, Hugh Buighe O’Donnell.
The castle Cuil-Mac-an-Treoin (in the ba rony Inisowen, Donegal), was taken Ma
Ierne, and well known the mariners the ship the work the universe, styled Perikosmou
the Sacred Isle. Ireland was called several
*cribed Aristotle; according others written
celebrated seat Druidisin, and this name considered have the same signification the Greek term Ierme, and derived from the Greek Ieros, sacred, and Nesos, island. Hanno and Him
his disciple Theophrastus more than three centuries before the Christian era,
REIGN OF HENRY VIII.
Orpheus are given full, with various able arguments
point, Laurence Parsons, his learned “Defence
Ancient History Ireland. ” The famous Argonautic expedition
Greece,under Jason, took place more than thousand years beforethe Christian era, and these adventurers, according various accounts, sailed through the Euxine, and according some,through the Mediterranean, and the poem above quoted, they passed the island Iernis, Ireland. Hadrianus Junius,
Dutch poet the sixteenth century, thus alludes Ireland having beenknown the Argonauts:–
“Illa ego sum Graiis olim glacialis Ierne
Dicta, Jasoniae puppis bene cognita nautis. ”
“I am that (island) ancient times called the Greeks the icy
Jason. ”
De Mundo,
the Nesoi Bretanikai, the two Bretannic islands, Albion Kai ilco, celebrated Carthaginian commanders, made voyages {orne, that Albion, England and Ireland, are mentioned; and various countries Europe about six seven centuries before the
the
the
Pr. O'Conor considers that the name Breattan was derived Christian era, and the record their voyages, termed Periplus,
from the Celtic Breat, metal, and tan, territory, hence *gnifying the country metals, and that the name was first §"on by the Phenicians, from the celebrated tin mines worked
was deposited Hanno the temple Cronus, Carthage;
Cornwall by the Phenician traders very remote times; and
and from the Annals Festus Avienus,
century, extracted
Carthage, the Punic language, ltufus Roman poet and geographer the fourth account various countries from the
**ing Laurence Parsons and others, the Phenicians are *idered have worked mines lead and other metals Ire
Periplus Hanno, and this work Britain and Ireland are mentioned, and the passage referring Ireland follows,
nus O’Donnell, and, after sult was that he demolished The Cosnamhach, son
consultation, the re the castle.
Fergal, son Donogh Duv Mac Eagan, the most celebrated professor
land those early ages; hence Ireland mentioned one the Bretannic islands. the century before the Christian era, Ireland mentioned Diodorus Siculus under the Greek name Iris
and the celebrated Greek geographer Strabo, the beginning the first century, calls Ireland Ierne; Dionysius Periegetes, another great Greek geographer the first century, mentions the Nesoi Bretannides, the Bretannic islands, namely, Albion England the east, and Ierne Ireland the west.
the fourth century, the Roman poet Claudian, his panegyric the Roman general Theodosius, celebrating his victories
Britain over the Saxons and Picts North Britain, and their allies the Scots Ireland, has the following passage:–
“Maduerunt Saxone fuso Orcades, Incaluit Pictorum sanguine Thule, Scotorum cumulosflewitglacialis Ierne. ”
“The Orkneys were saturated with Saxon gore, Thule grew warm with the blood the Picts, and icy Ireland wept over the heaps
her Scots who were slain. ” Diodorus Siculus gives, from Heca teus, ancient writer, account the Hyperborean island, about large Sicily, situated over against Gaul, which was
famous temple round form dedicated Latona and Apollo
(the Sun), the praises
which his priests, with their harps, constantly sung that deity, and this island supposed have been Ireland, and that the worship alluded was
either Britain
Sabeism Strabo says there was island near Britain where sa crifices were offered Ceres and Proserpine the same manner
the island the chief seat
Samos Samothrace, Greece, which was the celebrated form idolatry called Cabirism.
Insula Sacra
Roman writers, Insula Sacra, the sacred island, from its being
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390 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1529.
the countries of the Gael, in the laws, poetry, and Mac Egan of Ormond, i. e. Donal, the son of general Brehonism, died, and was interred at El Hugh, son of Donal, chief of the learned of Leath
phin.
from the poem which is given in the first volume of O'Conor's Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores Veteres:
“Ast hinc duobus in sacram, sic insulam Direre prisci, solibus cursus rati est; Haec inter undas multam cespitem jacit, Eamgue late gens Hibernorum colit, Propinqua rursus insula Albionum patet. ”
“But from this place (namely, the Scilly islands, off the coast of England), to the island which the ancients called sacred, is a distance of two days' sail; land extends widely amidst the
Mogha, in laws and poetry, died.
Hibernia, &c. , are only changes and modifications the Greek name Ierne. By Dioscorides, the first century, quoted by O'Flaherty, Ireland was called Hiberi; and the Itinerary Antoninus, quoted O'Brien's Dictionary,
waters, and the nation near lies the island England). ”
The origin explained
Hibernians extensively inhabit and the Albiones (that Albion
Ussher, O'Flaherty, and
Ossory, appended the life
translated by Edmond Swift.
Milesian colony who came from Spain, explained the article
the Milesians, who were called the Irish Clanna Scuit, Scuit, name which was latinised Scoti Scotti, and anglicised Scots, and hence the country was called Scotia. Ireland first mentioned by the name Scotia, and its inhabitants Scoti, the third century, Latin writers; and from the third the twelfth century, the country and its people are mentioned under those names various writers. The celebrated philosopher Porphyry Tyre, the third century, the first writer recorded who called the Irish Scoti, the following passage from his writings quoted by St. Jerome:—“Neque enim Britannia fertilis provincia tyrannorum, Scoticae gentes omnesque usque ocea num per circuitum Barbaras nationes Moysen Prophetasque cognoverant,” “For neither Britain, province fertile tyrants, nor the Scottish people, nor all the barbarous surrounding nations, even unto the ocean, have ever known Moses the prophets. ” St. Ambrose, St. Jerome, and the Roman poet Claudian, the fourth century, before quoted, mention the Irish the name
the names Ierne and Erin has been variously antiquaries. Bochart and Villaneuva considered that
Jocelyn the monk, got the name Scotia from the
Iberne, which signified the most remote bounds habitations, Ireland was then the most remote part the known world; and Bochart
was opinion, that the Greeks did not visit Ireland those early ages, they got the name Ierne from the Phenicians, the only people who had intercourse with Ireland those remote times, and are therefore considered have given Ireland the name Ierne, which appears derived from the Irish Eire Eirinn, and the Phenicians are considered by various able antiquaries have visited Ireland and settled colonies more than three thousand years ago. According Doctor O'Conor, Camden, and others, the name Eirin signifies the Western Isle,
Ierne was derived from the Phenician words Iberin
historians state that Ireland got the name Eire from one the Danan queens. Charles O'Conor, his Dissertations, considers that Eire, Eri, was derived from Erithrea, the name the
primus episcopus mittitur,” “Palladius ordained Pope
Celestine, and sent the first bishop the Scots (the Irish), believing Christ. ” the fifth century, Paulus Orosius,
the celebrated Spanish ecclesiastic and historian, thus mentions Ireland :—“Hibernia Insula inter Britanniam Hispaniam sita, &c. ; haecproprior Britanniae spatio terrarum angustior, sed coeli solique temperie magis utilis Scotorum gentibus colitur—hinc etiam Mevania insula proxima est, ipsa spatio non parva solo commoda, eque Scotorum gentibus habitatur,” “Hibernia, island situated between Britain and Spain, &c. ; this nearer Britain, and smaller the extent its territory, but more favourable the temperature climate and its soil; inhabited by the nations the Scots. The Isle Mann the
country the Erithreans, who were Phenicians
Red Sea, and colony whom came Ireland.
Ierne from the Greek Ieros, sacred, and nesos,
nifying the sacred isle, the same the Insula Sacra the Roman writers; and lastly, some consider that Ierne was derived
the Greeks from Eire Gildas Badonicus, quoted the inhabitants Irenses.
Eirin, the native name. the life
Ogygia, the most ancient land. —Plutarch,
Ussher, Ireland
called Iren, and
the first cen
tury, calls Ireland Ogygia; and according O'Flaherty, Egypt
was also called Ogygia; and Camden says Ireland justly called
nearest and that also soil, and likewise inhabited century, St. Isidore, bishop
considerable size and favourable the Scottish people. ” the sixth
Seville, Spain, thus speaks
Ogygia, which signifies most ancient, the Irish date their his
tory from the most remote antiquity; O'Flaherty has adopted the
name Ogygia for his celebrated work Irish history and antiquities.
Ireland passagequoted by Charles O'Conor from Peter Lom bard, primate Armagh. “Scotia, the same Hibernia,
Syria, near the Others derive island, thus sig
Hibernia. --In the century before the Christian era, Ireland
first called Hibernia by Julius Caesar, his account Britain,
which thus mentions Ireland:—“Qua parte est Hibernia
dimidio minor existimatur quam Britannia,” “On which side
(the west), lies Ireland, less half, supposed, than Britain. ”
Tacitus, the first century, his life Agricola, mentions Ire
land under the name Hibernia, and says, “Melius aditus portus
que per commercia negociatores cogniti,” thus stating, that its
approaches and harbours were better known commerce and
mariners than those Britain. By various Roman writers,
Pliny, Juvenal, &c. , Ireland mentioned those early times clarior viris. ” “Scotia, which also called Ireland, island under the names Juverna, Juvernia, Ouvernia, Ibernia, Ierna, the main ocean, very fertile soil, but more renowned for and Vernia; and the Greek geographer Ptolemy, the second most holy men. ” The celebrated Anglo-Saxon historian, the century, called Iouernia Ivernia, all which names, venerable Bede, thus speaks Ireland the eighth century:-
Ireland called Iberione; and St. Patrick,
called his Confession, which given vol.
Hib. Scrip. , Ireland called Hiberione and Hiberia, and the people, Hiberiones and Hiberionaces. By various Latin writers the Irish are called Hiberni and Hibernenses.
Scotia, the land the Scots-Ireland called Scotia
various Roman and other Latin writers,
treatise
St. Patrick,
island very near Britain, less extent but far more fertile soil. ” the sixth century also, Gildas, the British historian,
mentions Ireland Scotia; and the seventh century, St. Adam nan, the celebrated abbot Iona, his Life St. Columkille, calls Ireland Scotia, and the Irish Scoti. Killian, celebrated Irish saint the seventh century, went missionary Ger many, and became the first bishop Wurtzburg, and apostle Franconia; his Life quoted Lanigan, his country called Scotia the following passage, “Scotia quae Hibernia dicitur insula est maris oceani fecunda quidem glebis, sed sanctissimis
the word Eirin, the Latin work O'Conor's Rer.
fully explained by David Roth, bishop
derived from the Irish Iar, the west, and in, island, the most western isle Europe. Vallancey supposed Erin
being
the same Iran, the ancient name Persia; and O'Brien,
book the Round Towers, maintains the same opinion, namely,
that Erin Irin the same Iran Persia, and says that Scoti. the fifth century the Irish are called Scoti by St. Pa signifies the Persian language, the sacred land, and that got trick; and the same century, St. Prosper Aquitaine, speaking this name from the colony Tuath De Danan who came Ireland the mission Palladius into Ireland, says, “Ad Scotos from Iran Persia, and may observed that the old Irish Christum credentes, ordinatur Papa Celestino Palladius
his
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Owen, the son of Felim Mac Manus, and his wife, Grace, the daughter of Conor Maguire, died.
terris navigio odore aeris illius attacti fuerint intererint. ” “But Ireland, from its latitude, and the salubrity and mildness of its climate, far surpasses Britain, so that the snow rarely remains
there more than three days; no man makes hay for winter's pro vision, or builds stables for his beasts of burden. The island abounds in milk and honey, nor is it destitute of vines, and it is famous for fish and fowl, and for deer hunting and goats. This is
dure, which was first given
William Drennan Erin.
surpasses most other countries; this designation the year 1795, by the celebrated Doctor Belfast, one his beautiful poems entitled
No reptile is usually to be for though snakes were often brought there from Britain, soon the ship approached
the proper country of the Scots. seen there, and no serpent can live in
Ptolemy's Geography. —Claudius Ptolomeus Alexandria, Egypt, celebrated Greek geographer and astronomer, who flou rished the beginning the second century, and died about
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 391
A. D. 1530.
The bishop of Elphin, i. e. the Greek bishop
(this bishop is not mentioned by Ware), died.
“Hibernia autem et latitudine sui status, et salubritate ac sereni
tate aerum multum Britanniae praestat ita ut raro ibi nix plusquam
triduana remaneat; nemo propter hiemen aut foena secat a state
aut stabula fabricet jumentis. Dives lactis ac mellis insula nec
vinearum expers; piscium volucrumque sed et cervorum caprea
rumque venenatu insignis; haec autem propria patria Scotorum
est. Nullum ibi reptile videri soleat, nullus vivire serpens valeat;
nam sepe illo de Britannia allati serpentes mox ut proximante Ireland Scuit-land, the land the Scots, name afterwards ap
plied modernScotland, aboveexplained. By the Danes and Nor wegians Ireland was called Irlandi and Irar, may seen from the Icelandic writers Johnstone's Celto-Scandinavian Antiquities. The Emerald Isle poetical name appropriately applied Ireland modern times by many writers, from its exquisite ver
eleventh century, chronological poem the Pagan Kings
commences thus—Eiriu ard Inis na-Righ, that is, Exalted Erin, Island Kings.
Ireland. —The name Ireland appears derived from Eire, hence Eire-land, the land Eire Eri, and therefore was called Irelond and Ireland by the Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Normans, and English, and latinised Irlandia. The Anglo-Saxons also called
the land, and the scent the air reaches them, they die. ” Nen
nius, the British historian, and king Alfred the ninth century,
mention Ireland Scotia, and the people Scoti; and Giraldus 140, gave an account the then known world. He derived his Cambrensis the twelfth century, also calls Ireland Scotia, and knowledge from Phenician and Tyrian merchants and navigators says that North Britain likewise got the name Scotia, because who had visited the various countries, but chiefly from Marinus
the people were originally descended from the Irish St. Bernard, the twelfth century, mentions Ireland Scotia. Numerous
other writers are quoted by Ussher, Roth, and O'Flaherty, who the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries denominated Ire land Scotia, and the people Scoti; and even down the sixteenth century, many Latin writers, particularly the Continent, call Ireland, Scotia; and has been fully demonstrated by Ussher and other learned men, that the name Scotia was exclusively applied Ireland until the eleventh century, when modern Scot land first got the name Scotia, its ancient name, given
the Irish and the natives, being Alba Albain, anglicised Albany, and the people Scotland are called the Irish Alba machand Albanaigh the present day. As before explained, Scotland was called Caledonia by the Romans, and North Britain
various writers. Pinkerton, his Inquiry into the History Scotland, says, “From the consent all antiquity, the name Scoti belonged the Irish alone until the eleventh century. ” But
observed, that many Scotch writers, Dempster, who was called the Saint Stealer, Buchanan, Mackenzie, &c. , confounding ancient Scotia, Ireland, with modern Scotia, Scotland, have consequently claimed natives Scotland many illustrious Irish saints, missionaries, and scholars, eminent throughout the continent Europe, and mentioned Scoti, natives Scotia, from the fifth the twelfth century. From the twelfth the sixteenth century, various Latin writers, distinguish between the two countries, mention Ireland Scotia Vetus, Old Scotia, and Scotia Major, the Greater Scotia, and Scotland Scotia Minor, the Lesser Scotia; and the Irish were called Scoto Ierni, and Scoto-Hiberni,
Scotland, Scoti-Albani,
Tyre, great geographer, who the first century had written general geography, and constructed maps different countries. Ptolemy mentions various travellers from whom Marinus Tyre derived his information, amongst others Philemon, either Greek
Phenician, who had visited Ivernia Ireland. Ptolemy com mences his geography with description Ireland under the name
Iouernia Ivernia, and Britain under the name Albion, being the most remote islands the world known the ancients. An account Ptolemy's Geography and Map Ireland, given
Ware's works; the first volume Doctor O'Conor's Rer. Hib. Scrip. , and the Dissertations Charles O'Conor, from which works, together with those Camden, Richard Ciren cester, Cellarius, and Ortelius, and also Villaneuva's Ibernia Phe nicea, and Wood the Primitive Inhabitants Ireland, the fol lowing account Ptolemy's geography has been collected with illustrations from various other sources.
Cities. —On Ptolemy's Map are given ten chief cities Ireland.
Hibernian Scots, and the people Albanian Scots.
Insula Sanctorum,
torum, the Island
applied Ireland since the introduction Christianity, va rious Latin writers, consequence the many saints and sages celebrated missionaries, eminent ecclesiastics, learned men, and distinguished professors, who, from the fifth the twelfth cen tury, went from Ireland various countries Europe preachers
the Island Saints, and Insula Doc the Learned, are names which have been
the Gospel, and founders churches, abbeys, colleges, and
schools, France, Spain, Italy, and Belgium; the learned Peter
Lombard, primate Armagh, and the celebrated Colgan, their
works style Ireland Hibernia Sanctorum Insula. Giolla Mo Mayo. Rigia Regia, inland city considered have
duda O’Cassidy, abbot Ardbraccan Meath, the twelfth “entury, his poem the Christian Kings, designates Ireland Firiu Ogh Inis manaomh, that Sacred Erin, Island
Saints; and Giolla Coeman, celebrated bard and historian the
been either Athlone Limerick, or, according others, Athenry. 10. Rigia Regia, another inland city called, and supposed have been situated Clogher Tyrone, which was place note and seat Druidism those early times, but more pro
Eblana, Manapia
maritime city the eastern coast, now Dublin. Menapia, maritime city the south-east coast Wexford, and some Waterford, or, according
considered
others, Ferns, the county Wexford. Iernis, city
inland bay near the southern coast, considered either Dunkerron Kenmare Kerry. Makolikon, inland city near the Shannon, considered by Ware have been Meelick
Galway, but supposed others either the city Kilmallock the county Limerick. Raiba
have been Dunamase, the Queen's county, though supposed Camden and others have beenDownpatrick. beros
Laberus, inland city, considered Ware have been Kells Meath, and Camden Killare, few miles beyond Mullin gar Westmeath, the hill Uisneach, which was ancient
times residence the kings, and celebrated seat Druidism; others consider was Tara, and probable that the word La beros was originally written Taberos, which came near the sound
the Irish word Teamuir Tara, where there was city the early ages, and which place was celebrated the chief residence the ancient kings. Nagmata Magnata, great maritime
inland city, now Rheban near Athy, Kildare.
Dunum, considered Ware from position Ptolemy's Map
city the western coast, considered have been either Sligo
Limerick,
Rheba, an
Doumon
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392 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1530.
A chapter of friars was held at Donegal, and Katheleen, the daughter Mac Sweeney, the O'Donnell, i. e. Hugh Oge, supplied them with wife O’Dogherty, and Rose, the daughter
the necessaries they stood need during the time they remained together.
bable was Emania, which was those ages the celebrated resi dence the kings Ulster.
O’Kane, the wife Felim O’Dogherty, died. Conor Oge O'Boyle, tanist the O'Boyles, was
river Erne, the bay Donegal; the lake and river Erne were ancient times called the Irish, Samer, name latinised Sama rius, Giraldus Cambrensis, and others; the lake and river
Promontories and Islands-The following are the promontories
and islands marked Ptolemy's Map. Hieron akron, sig after times got the name Erna Erne, already explained
nifying the Sacred promontory, being derived from the Greek Ieros Ieron, sacred, placed the south eastern coast, and con
these notes. The term Raious Ravius, applied by Ptolemy Lough Erne and its river, was probably derived from the Irish name Samer, which pronounced like Saver Sauer, hence he might have made the word Sauraious, therefore, by change omission transcriber sau, the first part the word, the remainder became raious. 12. Ouidoua Vidua, now Lough Swilly, and its river Donegal; and the name was probably derived by Ptolemy from the Irish Oiche Uisg, water, and dubh, dark, thus signifying the dark water, which would pro nounced like Oighdhu, and therefore comes very near the Ouidoua
JJerry and Donegal, which name was probably derived from the Irish Fairge, Lough Foyle great inlet the ocean, and the word was made Argita, there the Greek language. 14. Logia, now Lough Neagh, and the river Bann, Antrim and Derry; and the name appears have been derived Ptolemy either from the Irish Loch, lake, from Lough Each, the ancient name the lake, pronounced like Lougheagh, and there
fore very near the name Logia. 15. Ouinderios, latinised Vinde rus, now the river Lagan and bay Belfast, Down and Antrim; this name was probably derived from the Irish, Amhain, river, and doire, the oak, this river might have flowed through oak forests; and the name Irish would pronounced like Ouinderey, which comes very near the Greek Ouinderios.
The towns and cities of the ancient Irish were denominated Baile, Brugh, and Cathair; the terms Rath and Lios, before explained, were applied the circular earthen ramparts commonly called forts; and the terms Dun, Dinn, and Daingean, were applied fortresses Cyclopean architecture, composed large stones without cement, and also partly constructed earthen ramparts; Cathair was name generally applied stone fort resses, and sometimes applied city. may here observed, that the term Doumon, applied Ptolemy one the ancient cities which considered have been situated the place after wards called Dunamase, the Queen's county, was derived from
sidered by Ware have been Greenore point, near the bay Wexford, but much more probably considered Dr. O'Conor have been Carnsore point headland, further south the coast Wexford, and Dr. O'Conor says was called the Irish
Carn-Soir, that the eastern carn heap, there was great
Cairn heap stones there, and supposed have been great seat Druidism; hence was designated by the Tyrians
and Greeks Hieron akron, the Sacred promontory. akron Notium, signifying the southern promontory,
on the southern coast, and considered have been Mizen
Notion placed Head,
Ptolemy. 13. Argita, now the river Foyle, and Lough Foyle,
Boreion akron the northern pro have been the headland now called Tel the bay 1)onegal. Ouennik
the county Cork.
montory, considered
ling Head near Killybegs,
nion Venicnium, considered be now Ram's Head Horn Head, near Tory Island, the coast Donegal. Robogdion, now Malin Head, the peninsula Inisowen, the coast Donegal. Isamnion, now St. John's Foreland, the bay Dundrum, the coast Down. Ricina, an island, now
Rathlin, off the coast Antrim, which was anciently called Irish Recrain. Limnon Limni, now the island Lambay off the coast Dublin, which probably was derived from the an cient Irish name. Edoru Edri, now the Hill Howth, the ancient Irish name which was Edair Binn Edair, sig nifying the Promontory Edair.
Rivers, Harbours and Lakes. —The following are the rivers, harbours, and lakes Ptolemy's Map Senous, Senus,
the name given by Ptolemy the Shamnon, which resenbles thc
Irish name Sionain, Sionna, Sinna, and derived, by Dr.
O'Conor and others, from Sean, old, and amhain, ariver, hencesig
nifying the Old River, and pronounced Shanouin, Shanain, and
latinised Senanus. Dur, now the river Mang, together with
the harbour Castlemaine, and bay Dingle, Kerry and
may observed that the word Dur, Irish, signifies water.
Iernis, now the river and bay Kenmare, Kerry. Daurona, the Irish, Dun, fortress; and Rigia, ancient city considered the river Blackwater, Munster, which name might have been have been Emania, near Armagh, the celebrated residence derived Ptolemy from the Irish word Dubhamhain, Duva the ancient kings Ulster, was probably derived from the Irish von, which signifies the Black River; was also called Avon Righ, king royal, and Suidhe, seat, which would pro more, signifying the great river.