25, 47), that men like Panactius and
yellow band, in the following manner :-
Cicero entertained a high regard for him (Cic.
yellow band, in the following manner :-
Cicero entertained a high regard for him (Cic.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Crit.
Corn.
Graec.
pp.
5054517; Welcker,
mention of him in the Frogs shows that he was die Griech. Trayöd. pp. 1016—1024, 1067 ; Kay-
still alive in B. C. 405. In Ol. 91, B. C. 415, he ser, Hist. Crit. Trag. Gracc. pp. 84-105 ; Wag-
obtained a victory over Euripides (Aelian, V. H. ner, Frag. Trug. Graec. pp. 82, 83, in Didot's
ji. 8; the date being corrected from Diod. xii. 82, Bibliotheca. )
and Schol. ad Aristoph. Vesp. 1317). On this 3. A rhetorician, named Xenocles, is mentioned
occasion each poet exhibited a tetralogy ; that of by Strabo, among the distinguished natives of Adra-
Xenocles consisting of the tragedies Oedipus, Lycaon, mytrium (xiii. p. 614), and Plutarch had a brother of
Bacchae, and the satyric drama Athamas ; that of this name. (Plut. Sympos. ii. Quaest. 3; Fabric. Bibl.
Euripides, of the tragedies Alexander, Palamedes, Graec. vol. ii
. p. 326, vol. iii. p. 613. ) [P. S. )
Troades, and the satyric drama Sisyphus. The XE'NOCLES, artists. 1. An Athenian archi-
indignation of Aelian at this judgment shows the tect, of the demos of Cholargos, was one of the
low estimate in which Xenocles was held by the architects who superintended the erection of the
Ancients ; but it is always difficult to judge how temple of Demeter, at Eleusis, in the time of
far such estimates are anything more than mere Pericles. The part which Xenocles took in the
echoes of the opinions passed by the Athenian | work is described thus το δ' όπαιον επί του 'Ανα-
comic poets on their contemporaries. There are, κτορου Ξενοκλής ο Χολαργεύς έκορύφωσε (Plut.
however, other grounds for believing that the Per. 13). The precise meaning of this phrase is
poetry of Xenocles was very indifferent ; that it doubtful; but it is most probable, as it occurs irn-
resembled, in fact, the worser parts of Euripides. mediately after the account of the erection of the
His sophistical declamations appear to be alluded columns and entablature, that the addition made
to in one passage of Aristophanes (Thesm. 440); by Xenocles to the temple consisted of a pediment
and the scholiast on another passage (Ran. 86) tells with its tympanum open, according to the ancient
us that his poetry was rude and allegorical. The fashion, in order to light the Anactoron, or prin-
impurity of his language has been already men- cipal chamber of the temple.
tioned. " In another passage of Aristophanes (Pac. Another important testimony respecting this
792), and in a fragment of the comic poet Plato architect, or another of the same name, is fur-
(Sophist. , ap. Schol. Aristoph. I. c. ), he is designated nished by an epigram, which is ascribed to Si-
by the appellations unxavodipas and owdekauh- monides, but is more probably by Antagoras of
xavos, which refer, without doubt, to the unnatural Rhodes (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 138). It is as
construction of his plots, in which complicated follows:
devices and sudden surprises (the Deus ex machina Ω ίτε Δήμητρος προς 'Ανάκτορον, ώ ίτε Μύσται,
for example) were employed to produce the result
which ought to have been effected by the natural | Τοιον Ξεινοκλής γαρ ο Λίνδιος ασφαλές όμμιν
Μηδ' ύδατος προχοάς δείδετε χειμερίους.
development of the drama itself.
Ζευγμα διά πλατέος τουδ' έβαλεν ποταμού.
No fragments of the plays of Xenocles have
come down to us, except the parody of a few words M. Raoul-Rochette (Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 426,
of the Licymnius, which is supposed to be con- 427) is led to assume that the river here men-
tained in the passage of the Clouds referred to tioned was the Cephissus, and that the seurua
above.
was the bridge by which the sacred procession to
Respecting the younger Xenocles no particulars Eleusis crossed that river, on account of the
are recorded, except the fact of his being the son obvious propriety of such a means of access to the
of Carcinus II. , and the express distinction made temple being constructed by one of the same archi-
between him and the elder Xenocles by a Scholiast tects who erected the temple itself ; and he quotes
on Aristophanes (Ran. 86).
passages illustrating the dangers referred to in the
The following genealogical table has been con- second line of the epigram, to which the procession
structed by Meineke to exhibit the probable rela- used to be exposed by the overflowing of the river
tions of the meinbers of the family. The three (Paus. i. 38. § 5; Demosth. adv. Callicl. p. 1279;
persons in the left hand column were not literary Euseb. Chron. p. 81). This notion, which was
persons, and therefore nothing has been said of also entertained by Casaubon (ad Strab. ix. p. 613,
them in this article.
(R Rochette
ed. )
XENOCI
Brother of 1
was victor in
in B. C. 494.
acted as cha:
Pythian ode
2. A The
minondas.
request of E
shield of Ari
nias had dir
it so as to bi
of whom kn
$6. )
XENOC
pher, was a
Athen. xii.
Suid. 8. D. ;
called a C
error in C
430. &c. ).
culation (DI
Wyn persee
(B. C. 396),
age of 82.
first to Aes
c), and alte
(Diog. Lac
Plato is ir
untrustwor
persee, p.
panied hin
After the
Aristotle,
Assus (Sur
Athens,
of Macedo
(OL 114.
ir. 8, 9, ib.
and patur
wa
c. ), of course involves the necessity of supposing
Praec. p.
thorough-
comp. Plu
volence (L
purity of
Cimon, c.
Max. ii. 1
Cic. Tusen
## p. 1291 (#1307) ##########################################
1
ce
res
XENOCRATES.
XENOCRATES.
1291
that either Plutarch or the author of the epigram a moral earnestness, which compelled esteem and
has made a mistake respecting the country of trust even from the Athenians of his own age (Diog.
Xenocles. For this reason we must not overlook Laërt. iv. 7; Cic. ad Att. i. 16; Plut. da Adulal.
the possibility, suggested by Jacobs (Animadv. in el Amic. discr. p. 71, e). Yet eren he experienced
Anth. Graec. vol. i. pt. p. 240), that the river the fickleness of popular favour, and being too
and bridge and mysteries referred to in the epigram poor to pay the protection-money (uetolkov), is
may have been in Rhodes and not in Attica. said to have been saved only by the courage of
2. A maker of fictile vases, three or four of the orator Lycurgus (Plut Flamin. c. 12, X. Orat.
whose works, in an antique and beautiful style, Vilae, 7; but compare Phocion, c. 29), or even to
are preserved in different collections (Mus. Blacas, have been bought by Demetrius Phalereus, and then
pl. xix. pp. 55—60 ; Cab. Durand, No. 65, pp. emancipated. (Diog. Laërt. iv. 14. ) He became
24–26 ; Bulletin. Archeol. 1840, p. 128 ; Ger-president of the Academy even before the death
hard, Griech. t. Etrusk. Trinkschal. d. Köniyl. of Speusippus, who was bowed down by sickness,
Mus. in Berlin, pl. in and Neuerworbene untik. and occupied that post for twenty-five years. (Id.
Denkmäler, No. 1662, p. 26). There is another vase iv. 14, comp. 3. )
by the same maker in the Pinacothek at Munich, If we consider that Aristotle and Theophrastus
which is remarkable for not being painted : it has wrote upon the doctrines of Xenocrates (Diog.
simply the artist's name inscribed upon it, on a (Laërt. v.
25, 47), that men like Panactius and
yellow band, in the following manner :-
Cicero entertained a high regard for him (Cic. de
Fin. iv. 28, Acad. i. 4), we must not dream of
+ SENOKVES ETOIESEN.
being able, even in any degree, to estimate com-
(R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 62, 63, 2d pletely and accurately his mind or the philoso-
ed. )
[P. S. ] phical direction which it took. How he strove to
XENOCRATES (Eevoxpatns), historical. 1. make himself master of the knowledge of his age,
Brother of Theron, tyrant of Agrigentum. He and to establish his own fundamental doctrines or
was victor in the chariot race at the Pythian games those of Plato, by applying them to particular cases,
in B. C. 494. His son Thrasybulus seems to have we see by the titles of his treatises, bare as they
acted as charioteer on the occasion. Pindar's sixth have come down to us. With a more comprehen-
Pythian ode is addressed to him on the occasion. sive work on Dialectic (της περί το διαλέγεσθαι
2. A Theban Boeotarch, a contemporary of Epa-apayuateias Betala 18') there were connected se-
minondas. _Before the battle of Leuctra, at the parate treatises on science, on scientificnese (Trep
request of Epaminondas, he sent to Lebadea for the mothuns a', repl&TIO TOUOO Úvns a'), on divisions
shield of Aristomenes, which the oracle of Tropho- (Saipéders n'), on genera and species (Tepl yevwv
nius had directed them to procure, and suspended kal cidwr a'), on ideas (Tepl idewr), on the opposite
it so as to be visible to the Lacedaemonians, most (Tepl Toù évavtiou), and others, to which probably
of whom knew it. (Paus. iv. 32. § 6, comp. ix. 13. the work on mediate thought (Tv Tepi Thy side
$ 6. )
(C. P. M. ] volay n', Diog. Laërt. iv. 13, 12; comp. Cic. Acud.
XENO'CRATES (Eerokpátns), the philoso- | iv. 46) also belonged. Two works by Xenocrates
pher, was a native of Chalcedon (Cic. Acond. i. 4 ; on Physics are mentioned (Tepi púoews s' - Quora
Athen. xii. p. 530, d. ; Stob. Ed. Phys. i. 3 ; xñs åkpoéoews s'. ib. 11, 13), as are also books
Suid. s. v. ; comp. Strabo, xii. p. 566, b. He is upon the gods (Tepl OfWv B', ib. 13; comp. Cic.
called a Carchedonian only through a clerical de Nat. Deor. i. 13), on the existent (Tepl Toll
error in Clem. Alex. Cohort. p. 33, and Strom. v. Ortos, ib. 12), on the One (TEPÈ Toù évós, ib. ), on
430, &c. ). According to the most probable cal- the indefinite (Tepl toù đoplotov, ib. 11), on the
culation (Diog. Laërt. iv. 14; comp. Censorin. c. 15; soul (Tepl yuxñs, ib. 13), on the affections (repl
Wynpersee, p. 6, &c. ) he was born Ol: 96. 1 TV mawr a', ib. 12), on memory (tepl urnuns,
(B. C. 396), and died Ol. 116. 3 (B. C. 314) at the ib. ), &c. In like manner, with the more general
age of 82. He is stated to have attached himself ethical treatises on happiness (Tepl evdaluovias 8,
first to Aeschines the Socratic (Athen. ix. p. 507, ib. 12), and on virtue (repl åpetîs B, ib. ) there
c), and afterwards, while still a youth, to Plato. were connected separate books on individual vir-
(Diog. Laërt. iv. 6. ) His close connection with tues, on the voluntary, &c. (ibid. ) His four books
Plato is indicated (to pass over insignificant or on royalty he had addressed to Alexander (OT0
untrustworthy stories in Diog. Laërt. &c. , see Wyn- xeia #pos ’Anégavdpov tepl Bao delas 8; comp.
persee, p. 13, &c. ) by the account that he accom- Plut. adv. Colot. p. 1126, d. ). Besides these he
panied him to Syracuse. (Diog. Laërt. iv. 6, &c. ) had written treatises on the State (tepl molitelas
After the death of Plato be betook himself, with d', Diog. Laërt. iv. 12; TOMlTikós a', ib. 13), on the
Aristotle, to Hermias, tyrant of Atarneus and power of law (tepl Ouvénews vouou a', ib. 12),
Assus (Strab. xii. p. 610), and, after his return to &c. , as well as upon geometry, arithmetic, and
Athens, was repeatedly sent on embassies to Philip astrology (ib. 13, 14).
of Macedonia, and at a later time to Antipater Xenocrates appears to have made a still more
(Ol. 114. 3), during the Lamian war. (Diog. Laërt. definite division between the three departments of
iv. 8, 9, ib. Interp. ) The want of quick apprehension philosophy, for the purpose of the scientific treat-
and natural grace (Diog. Laërt. iv. 6 ; Plut. Conj. ment of them, than Speusippus (Sext. Emp. adv.
Praec. p. 141) he compensated by persevering and Muth. vii. 16), but at the same time to have aban-
thorough-going industry (Diog. Laërt. iv. 6, 11; doned Plato's heuristic (euplotinń) method of con-
comp. Plut. de recta Rat. aud. p. 47, e), pure bene- ducting through doubts (atropiai), and to have
volence (Diog. Laërt. iv. 10; Aelian, V. H. xii. 3), adopted in its stead a mode of bringing forward
purity of morals (Diog. Laërt. iv. 7 ; Plut. Comp. his doctrines in which they were developed dogº
Cimon. c. Lucullo, c. 1 ; Cic. de Off. i. 30 ; Valer. matically (Sext. Einp. Hypotyp. i. ? ; comp. Cic.
Max. ii. 10), unselfishness (Diog. Laërt. iv. 8, &c; Acad. i. 4; Diog.
mention of him in the Frogs shows that he was die Griech. Trayöd. pp. 1016—1024, 1067 ; Kay-
still alive in B. C. 405. In Ol. 91, B. C. 415, he ser, Hist. Crit. Trag. Gracc. pp. 84-105 ; Wag-
obtained a victory over Euripides (Aelian, V. H. ner, Frag. Trug. Graec. pp. 82, 83, in Didot's
ji. 8; the date being corrected from Diod. xii. 82, Bibliotheca. )
and Schol. ad Aristoph. Vesp. 1317). On this 3. A rhetorician, named Xenocles, is mentioned
occasion each poet exhibited a tetralogy ; that of by Strabo, among the distinguished natives of Adra-
Xenocles consisting of the tragedies Oedipus, Lycaon, mytrium (xiii. p. 614), and Plutarch had a brother of
Bacchae, and the satyric drama Athamas ; that of this name. (Plut. Sympos. ii. Quaest. 3; Fabric. Bibl.
Euripides, of the tragedies Alexander, Palamedes, Graec. vol. ii
. p. 326, vol. iii. p. 613. ) [P. S. )
Troades, and the satyric drama Sisyphus. The XE'NOCLES, artists. 1. An Athenian archi-
indignation of Aelian at this judgment shows the tect, of the demos of Cholargos, was one of the
low estimate in which Xenocles was held by the architects who superintended the erection of the
Ancients ; but it is always difficult to judge how temple of Demeter, at Eleusis, in the time of
far such estimates are anything more than mere Pericles. The part which Xenocles took in the
echoes of the opinions passed by the Athenian | work is described thus το δ' όπαιον επί του 'Ανα-
comic poets on their contemporaries. There are, κτορου Ξενοκλής ο Χολαργεύς έκορύφωσε (Plut.
however, other grounds for believing that the Per. 13). The precise meaning of this phrase is
poetry of Xenocles was very indifferent ; that it doubtful; but it is most probable, as it occurs irn-
resembled, in fact, the worser parts of Euripides. mediately after the account of the erection of the
His sophistical declamations appear to be alluded columns and entablature, that the addition made
to in one passage of Aristophanes (Thesm. 440); by Xenocles to the temple consisted of a pediment
and the scholiast on another passage (Ran. 86) tells with its tympanum open, according to the ancient
us that his poetry was rude and allegorical. The fashion, in order to light the Anactoron, or prin-
impurity of his language has been already men- cipal chamber of the temple.
tioned. " In another passage of Aristophanes (Pac. Another important testimony respecting this
792), and in a fragment of the comic poet Plato architect, or another of the same name, is fur-
(Sophist. , ap. Schol. Aristoph. I. c. ), he is designated nished by an epigram, which is ascribed to Si-
by the appellations unxavodipas and owdekauh- monides, but is more probably by Antagoras of
xavos, which refer, without doubt, to the unnatural Rhodes (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 138). It is as
construction of his plots, in which complicated follows:
devices and sudden surprises (the Deus ex machina Ω ίτε Δήμητρος προς 'Ανάκτορον, ώ ίτε Μύσται,
for example) were employed to produce the result
which ought to have been effected by the natural | Τοιον Ξεινοκλής γαρ ο Λίνδιος ασφαλές όμμιν
Μηδ' ύδατος προχοάς δείδετε χειμερίους.
development of the drama itself.
Ζευγμα διά πλατέος τουδ' έβαλεν ποταμού.
No fragments of the plays of Xenocles have
come down to us, except the parody of a few words M. Raoul-Rochette (Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 426,
of the Licymnius, which is supposed to be con- 427) is led to assume that the river here men-
tained in the passage of the Clouds referred to tioned was the Cephissus, and that the seurua
above.
was the bridge by which the sacred procession to
Respecting the younger Xenocles no particulars Eleusis crossed that river, on account of the
are recorded, except the fact of his being the son obvious propriety of such a means of access to the
of Carcinus II. , and the express distinction made temple being constructed by one of the same archi-
between him and the elder Xenocles by a Scholiast tects who erected the temple itself ; and he quotes
on Aristophanes (Ran. 86).
passages illustrating the dangers referred to in the
The following genealogical table has been con- second line of the epigram, to which the procession
structed by Meineke to exhibit the probable rela- used to be exposed by the overflowing of the river
tions of the meinbers of the family. The three (Paus. i. 38. § 5; Demosth. adv. Callicl. p. 1279;
persons in the left hand column were not literary Euseb. Chron. p. 81). This notion, which was
persons, and therefore nothing has been said of also entertained by Casaubon (ad Strab. ix. p. 613,
them in this article.
(R Rochette
ed. )
XENOCI
Brother of 1
was victor in
in B. C. 494.
acted as cha:
Pythian ode
2. A The
minondas.
request of E
shield of Ari
nias had dir
it so as to bi
of whom kn
$6. )
XENOC
pher, was a
Athen. xii.
Suid. 8. D. ;
called a C
error in C
430. &c. ).
culation (DI
Wyn persee
(B. C. 396),
age of 82.
first to Aes
c), and alte
(Diog. Lac
Plato is ir
untrustwor
persee, p.
panied hin
After the
Aristotle,
Assus (Sur
Athens,
of Macedo
(OL 114.
ir. 8, 9, ib.
and patur
wa
c. ), of course involves the necessity of supposing
Praec. p.
thorough-
comp. Plu
volence (L
purity of
Cimon, c.
Max. ii. 1
Cic. Tusen
## p. 1291 (#1307) ##########################################
1
ce
res
XENOCRATES.
XENOCRATES.
1291
that either Plutarch or the author of the epigram a moral earnestness, which compelled esteem and
has made a mistake respecting the country of trust even from the Athenians of his own age (Diog.
Xenocles. For this reason we must not overlook Laërt. iv. 7; Cic. ad Att. i. 16; Plut. da Adulal.
the possibility, suggested by Jacobs (Animadv. in el Amic. discr. p. 71, e). Yet eren he experienced
Anth. Graec. vol. i. pt. p. 240), that the river the fickleness of popular favour, and being too
and bridge and mysteries referred to in the epigram poor to pay the protection-money (uetolkov), is
may have been in Rhodes and not in Attica. said to have been saved only by the courage of
2. A maker of fictile vases, three or four of the orator Lycurgus (Plut Flamin. c. 12, X. Orat.
whose works, in an antique and beautiful style, Vilae, 7; but compare Phocion, c. 29), or even to
are preserved in different collections (Mus. Blacas, have been bought by Demetrius Phalereus, and then
pl. xix. pp. 55—60 ; Cab. Durand, No. 65, pp. emancipated. (Diog. Laërt. iv. 14. ) He became
24–26 ; Bulletin. Archeol. 1840, p. 128 ; Ger-president of the Academy even before the death
hard, Griech. t. Etrusk. Trinkschal. d. Köniyl. of Speusippus, who was bowed down by sickness,
Mus. in Berlin, pl. in and Neuerworbene untik. and occupied that post for twenty-five years. (Id.
Denkmäler, No. 1662, p. 26). There is another vase iv. 14, comp. 3. )
by the same maker in the Pinacothek at Munich, If we consider that Aristotle and Theophrastus
which is remarkable for not being painted : it has wrote upon the doctrines of Xenocrates (Diog.
simply the artist's name inscribed upon it, on a (Laërt. v.
25, 47), that men like Panactius and
yellow band, in the following manner :-
Cicero entertained a high regard for him (Cic. de
Fin. iv. 28, Acad. i. 4), we must not dream of
+ SENOKVES ETOIESEN.
being able, even in any degree, to estimate com-
(R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 62, 63, 2d pletely and accurately his mind or the philoso-
ed. )
[P. S. ] phical direction which it took. How he strove to
XENOCRATES (Eevoxpatns), historical. 1. make himself master of the knowledge of his age,
Brother of Theron, tyrant of Agrigentum. He and to establish his own fundamental doctrines or
was victor in the chariot race at the Pythian games those of Plato, by applying them to particular cases,
in B. C. 494. His son Thrasybulus seems to have we see by the titles of his treatises, bare as they
acted as charioteer on the occasion. Pindar's sixth have come down to us. With a more comprehen-
Pythian ode is addressed to him on the occasion. sive work on Dialectic (της περί το διαλέγεσθαι
2. A Theban Boeotarch, a contemporary of Epa-apayuateias Betala 18') there were connected se-
minondas. _Before the battle of Leuctra, at the parate treatises on science, on scientificnese (Trep
request of Epaminondas, he sent to Lebadea for the mothuns a', repl&TIO TOUOO Úvns a'), on divisions
shield of Aristomenes, which the oracle of Tropho- (Saipéders n'), on genera and species (Tepl yevwv
nius had directed them to procure, and suspended kal cidwr a'), on ideas (Tepl idewr), on the opposite
it so as to be visible to the Lacedaemonians, most (Tepl Toù évavtiou), and others, to which probably
of whom knew it. (Paus. iv. 32. § 6, comp. ix. 13. the work on mediate thought (Tv Tepi Thy side
$ 6. )
(C. P. M. ] volay n', Diog. Laërt. iv. 13, 12; comp. Cic. Acud.
XENO'CRATES (Eerokpátns), the philoso- | iv. 46) also belonged. Two works by Xenocrates
pher, was a native of Chalcedon (Cic. Acond. i. 4 ; on Physics are mentioned (Tepi púoews s' - Quora
Athen. xii. p. 530, d. ; Stob. Ed. Phys. i. 3 ; xñs åkpoéoews s'. ib. 11, 13), as are also books
Suid. s. v. ; comp. Strabo, xii. p. 566, b. He is upon the gods (Tepl OfWv B', ib. 13; comp. Cic.
called a Carchedonian only through a clerical de Nat. Deor. i. 13), on the existent (Tepl Toll
error in Clem. Alex. Cohort. p. 33, and Strom. v. Ortos, ib. 12), on the One (TEPÈ Toù évós, ib. ), on
430, &c. ). According to the most probable cal- the indefinite (Tepl toù đoplotov, ib. 11), on the
culation (Diog. Laërt. iv. 14; comp. Censorin. c. 15; soul (Tepl yuxñs, ib. 13), on the affections (repl
Wynpersee, p. 6, &c. ) he was born Ol: 96. 1 TV mawr a', ib. 12), on memory (tepl urnuns,
(B. C. 396), and died Ol. 116. 3 (B. C. 314) at the ib. ), &c. In like manner, with the more general
age of 82. He is stated to have attached himself ethical treatises on happiness (Tepl evdaluovias 8,
first to Aeschines the Socratic (Athen. ix. p. 507, ib. 12), and on virtue (repl åpetîs B, ib. ) there
c), and afterwards, while still a youth, to Plato. were connected separate books on individual vir-
(Diog. Laërt. iv. 6. ) His close connection with tues, on the voluntary, &c. (ibid. ) His four books
Plato is indicated (to pass over insignificant or on royalty he had addressed to Alexander (OT0
untrustworthy stories in Diog. Laërt. &c. , see Wyn- xeia #pos ’Anégavdpov tepl Bao delas 8; comp.
persee, p. 13, &c. ) by the account that he accom- Plut. adv. Colot. p. 1126, d. ). Besides these he
panied him to Syracuse. (Diog. Laërt. iv. 6, &c. ) had written treatises on the State (tepl molitelas
After the death of Plato be betook himself, with d', Diog. Laërt. iv. 12; TOMlTikós a', ib. 13), on the
Aristotle, to Hermias, tyrant of Atarneus and power of law (tepl Ouvénews vouou a', ib. 12),
Assus (Strab. xii. p. 610), and, after his return to &c. , as well as upon geometry, arithmetic, and
Athens, was repeatedly sent on embassies to Philip astrology (ib. 13, 14).
of Macedonia, and at a later time to Antipater Xenocrates appears to have made a still more
(Ol. 114. 3), during the Lamian war. (Diog. Laërt. definite division between the three departments of
iv. 8, 9, ib. Interp. ) The want of quick apprehension philosophy, for the purpose of the scientific treat-
and natural grace (Diog. Laërt. iv. 6 ; Plut. Conj. ment of them, than Speusippus (Sext. Emp. adv.
Praec. p. 141) he compensated by persevering and Muth. vii. 16), but at the same time to have aban-
thorough-going industry (Diog. Laërt. iv. 6, 11; doned Plato's heuristic (euplotinń) method of con-
comp. Plut. de recta Rat. aud. p. 47, e), pure bene- ducting through doubts (atropiai), and to have
volence (Diog. Laërt. iv. 10; Aelian, V. H. xii. 3), adopted in its stead a mode of bringing forward
purity of morals (Diog. Laërt. iv. 7 ; Plut. Comp. his doctrines in which they were developed dogº
Cimon. c. Lucullo, c. 1 ; Cic. de Off. i. 30 ; Valer. matically (Sext. Einp. Hypotyp. i. ? ; comp. Cic.
Max. ii. 10), unselfishness (Diog. Laërt. iv. 8, &c; Acad. i. 4; Diog.
