distinct
opinion on the relation of the first two
37.
37.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
vii.
21.
§ 2), which also contained a ters, twins like themselves, the daughters of Ther-
monuinent of him, and where sacrifices were offered sander, the Heracleid king of Cleonae, by name
to him every year after the festival of Dionysus. Latbria and Anaxandra, whose tombs were to be
(rii. 19. § 1, 3, ix. 41. § 1. ) From Pausanias seen at Sparta in the time of Pausanias (iii. 16.
we learn that Eurypylus was called by some a son $5). The two brothers are said to have united
of Dexamenus. (Comp. Müller, Orchom. p. 341, with the son of Temenus to restore Aepytus, the
&c. , 2nd edit. )
son of Cresphontes, to Messenia. Otherwise, they
2. A son of Poseidon and Astypalaea was king were, according to both Pausanias and Herodotus,
of Cos, and was killed by Heracles who on his re in continual strife, which perhaps may give a mean-
turn from Troy landed in Cos, and being taken for ing to the strange story related in Polyaenus (i. 10),
a pirate, was attacked by its inhabitants. (Apol- that Procles and Temenus attacked the Eurysthei-
lod. ii. 7. 8$ 1, 8. ) According to another tradi- dae then in occupation of Sparta, and were success
tion Heracles attacked the island of Cos, in order ful through the good order preserved by the flute,
to obtain possession of Chalciope, the daughter of the benefit of which on this occasion was the origin
Eurypylus, whom he loved. (Schol. ad Pind. of the well-known Spartan practice. Ephorus in
Nem. iv. 40; comp. Hom. I. ü. 676, xiv. 250 &c. , Strabo (viii. p. 366) states, ihat they maintained
xv. 25. )
themselves by taking foreigners into their service,
3. A son of Telephus and Astyoche, was king and these Clinton understands by the name Eurys
of Moesia or Cilicia. Eurypylus was induced by theidae ; but Müller considers it to be one of the
the presents which Priam sent to his mother or transfers made by Ephorus in ancient times of the
wife, to assist the Trojans against the Greeks. customs of his own. Cicero (de Div. ii. 43) tells
Eurypylus killed Machaon, but was himself slain us, that Procles died one year before his brother,
by Neoptolemus. (Hygin. Fab. 112 ; Strab. xiii. and was much the more famous for his achieve-
p. 584; Paus. iii. 26. Q 7 ; Dict. Cret. iv. 14; ments. (Compare Clinton, F. H. vol. i. p. 333;
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1697. ) There are three other Müller, Dor. i. 5. §§ 13, 14. ) [A. H. C. )
mythical personages of this name. . (Apollod. ii. 7. EURYSTHEUS. (HERACLES. ]
§ 8, i. 7. $ 10, 8. $ 3. )
[L. S. ) EURY'TION (Ejpuriwr). 1. A son of Irus
EURY'PYLUS (Eupútuhos), is referred to as and Demonassa, and a grandson of Actor, is men-
an author by Athenaeus (xi. p. 508), but is other- tioned among the Argonauts. (Hygin. Fab. 14 ;
wise unknown.
(L. S. ) Apollon. Rhod. i. 71. ) According to others he
EURYSACES (Eupvoárns), a son of the Tela- was a son of Actor, and he is also called Eurytus.
monian Ajax and Tecmessa, was named after (Apollod. i. 8. Ø 2; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 175. )
the broad shield of his father. (Soph. Aj. 575 ; When Peleus was expelled from his dominions, he
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 857 ; Serv. ad den. i. 623 ; fed to Eurytion and married his daughter Anti-
Philostr. Heroic. 11. 2. ) An Athenian tradition gone; but in shooting at the Calydonian boar, Pe-
related, that Eury saces and his brother Philaeus leus inadvertently killed his father-in-law. (Apol-
had given up to the Athenians the island of Sa- lod. ii. 13. ♡ 1. &c. )
lamis, which they had inherited from their grand- 2. A centaur who took to flight during the fight
father, and that the two brothers received in return of Heracles with the centaurs ; but he was after-
the Attic franchise. One of the brothers then set- wards killed by Heracles in the dominions of Dex-
tled at Brauron, and the other at Melite. Eury- amenus, whose daughter Eurytion was on the point
saces was honoured like his father, at Athens, with of making his wife. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 4, &c. ;
an altar. (Plut. Sol. 10 ; Paus. i. 35. § 2. ) (L. S. ) comp. Diod. iv. 33 ; Hygin. Fab. 31. ) Two other
EURYSTERNOS (Eupúotepvos), that is, the mythical personages of this name are mentioned by
goddess with a broad chest, is a surname of Ge Apollodorus (ii. 5. $ 10) and Virgil. (Aen. r. 495,
(Hes. Tlieog. 117), under which she had a sanc- &c. )
(L. S. )
tuary on the Crathis near Aegae in Achaia, with a EURY'TION. (EURYPON. ]
very ancient statue. (Paus, vii. 25. § 8, v. 14. EU'RYTUS (Evpuros). 1. A son of Mela-
$ 8. )
[L. S. ) neus and Stratonice (Schol
. ad Soph. Trach. 268),
EURY'STHENES (Eủpvolévns), and PRO-was king of Oechalia, probably the Thessalian
CLES (Tipokaris), the twin sons of Aristodemus, town of this name. (Müller, Dor. ii. 11. § 1. )
were born, according to the common account He was a skilful archer and married to Antioche,
before, but, according to the genuine Spartan by whom he became the father of Iole, Iphitus,
d cousin of Alcibiades
urds on the oceasta of
enerals after the bande
Fllegal proceedings í
Hech on Lbe occasico
e asked that sa
parate trial of each
7, &c. )
whom nothing else
Jhon as having been
I court. He aud
pusin of Akibida
mission when te
elcome his cosso
Hell. i 3. & 13;
[C. P. M;
1. A on
81. ) He
bout his, as a
a king site
as havice led
laces to 198
ose bo oce
67. ) He ser
was wooded
by Patrica
VOL. IL
1
## p. 114 (#130) ############################################
114
EUSEBIUS.
EUSEBIUS.
art.
ans.
Molion or Deſon, Clytius, and Toxeus. (Diod. iv.
distinct opinion on the relation of the first two
37. ) He was proud of his skill in using the bow, Persons in the Trinity. There is no doubt that
and is even said to have instructed Heracles in his in many of his works, especially in those which
(Theocrit. xxiv. 105 ; Apollod. ii. 4. & 9; he wrote before this time, but also in others, seve-
Soph. ì. c. ) He offered his daughter Iole as prize ral expressions may be found inconsistent with
to him who should conquer him and his sons in each other, some of which can only be understood
shooting with the bow.
Heracles won the prize, in a semiarian sense.
Thus in the Demonstratio
but Eurytus and his sons, with the exception of Evangelica he speaks of the Son as ápomolu EVOS
Iphitus, refused to give up Iole, because they | τω Πατρί κατά παντα, όμοιος κατ' ουσίαν. In the
feared lest he should kill the children he might Praeparatio Erang. iv. 3, be denies that the Son
have by her. (A pollod. ii. 6. § 1. ) Heracles ac- is like the Father dras atbios; for (he adds) :
cordingly marched against Oechalia with an army : Πατήρ προϋπάρχει του Υιού και της γενέσεως αι
he took the place and killed Eurytus and his sons. Toù spoupéotnke ; only the Son is not created,
(Apollod. ii. 7. $ 7. ) According to a tradition in and everything perishable must be separated from
Athenaeus (zi. p. 461) he put them to death be our conception of His nature. But with regard to
cause they had demanded a tribute from the Euboe- all his earlier statements of doctrine, we musi re
According to the Homeric poems, on the member that till Arius's opinions, with their full
other hand, Eurytus was killed by Apollo whom bearings and consequences, were generally known,
he presumed to rival in using the bow. (Od. viii. it was very possible for a person to use language
226. ) The remains of the body of Eurytus were apparently somewhat farourable to them, quite
believed to be preserved in the Carnasian grove ; unintentionally, since the true faith on the subject
and in the Messenian Oechalia sacrifices were of- of our Lord's divinity had not yet been couched
fered to him every year. (Paus. iv. 3. $ 6, 27. & in certain formulae, of which ihe use after the
4, 33. & 5. )
controversy was mooted, became as it were the
2. A son of Actor and Molione of Elis. (Hom. test of a man's opinions ; nor had general attention
II. ii. 621 ; A pollod. ii. 7. & 2 ; Paus. ii. 15. 91; been called to the results of differences apparently
Eurip. Iph. Aul. 270. ) (MOLIONES. )
trifling. Eusebius's views on the subject seem to
3. A son of Hermes and Antianeira, and bro- have been based on those of Origen, though in-
ther of Echion, was one of the Argonauts. (Apol- deed he deprecated the discussion of the question
lod. i. 9. § 16 ; Hygin. Fab. 14, 160 ; Val. Flacc. as above human comprehension, recommending
i. 439. )
He is sometimes also called Erytus. men to be satisfied with the scriptural declaration,
(Pind. Pyth. iv. 179; Apollon. Rhod. i. 51; “ So God loved the world, that he gave His only
Orph. Arg. 133. ) There are two more mythical begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on Him
personages of this name. (Apollod. iii. 10, 65, i. should not perish, but have everlasting life ;"
6. $ 2. )
(L. S. )
“pot," as he argues, “whosoever knows how He
EU'RYTUS(EŬputos), an eminent Pythagorean is generated from the Father. " But in the Eccle-
philosopher, whom lamblichus in one passage (de siastica Theologia (after the rise of Arianism) he
Vit. Pyth. 28) describes as a native of Croton, declares (i. 8, ix. 5) against those who reckon
while in another (ilid. 36) he enumerates him Christ among the ktiouata, asserting God to be
among the Tarentine Pythagoreans. He was a the Father of Christ, but the Creator of all other
disciple of Philolaus, and Diogenes Laërtius (iii 6, beings. Again: in the Ecclesiastical History (x.
viii. 46) mentions him among the teachers of Plato, 4) he calls Him avrodeós, and in other places uses
though this statement is very doubtful. It is un- language which proves him to have fully believed
certain whether Eurytus was the author of any in His divinity. He was, however, of course dis-
work, unless we suppose that the fragment in posed to regard Arius with mildness, and wrote to
Stobaeus (Phys. Ed. i. p. 210), which is there Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, in his defence ;
ascribed to one Eurytus, belongs to our Eurytus. arguing that though Arius had called Christ Krioua
(Ritter, Gesch. der Pythag. Plulos. p. 64, &c. ) [L. S. ] Deoù rénerov, he had added an oux as ēv tüy
EUSEBIUS (Evo éBios) of Caesarela, the KTIOUÁTwy. Thus he took his seat at the council
father of ecclesiastical history, took the surname of of Nicaea not indeed as a partizan of Arius, but
Pamphili, to commemorate his devoted friendship as anxious to shield him from censure for opinions
for Pamphilus, bishop of Caesareia. He was born whose importance, either for good or evil, he con-
in Palestine about A. D. 264, towards the end of sidered exaggerated. He accordingly appeared
the reign of the Emperor Gallienus. He spent his there as head of the moderate section of the
youth in incessant study, and probably held some council, and drew up a creed which he hoped
offices in the church of Caesareia. In A. D. 303, would satisfy both the extreme parties, of which
Diocletian's edict was issued, and the persecution the Arian was favoured by Eusebius, bishop of
of the Christians began, Pamphilus was impri- Nicomedia, and Theognis of Nicaea ; while their
soned in 307, and was most affectionately at- opponents were led by Alexander, whose deacon
tended on by Eusebius for two years, at the end Athanasius, afterwards so famous, accompanied
of which time he suffered martyrdom, and Euse him to the council, and rendered him great ser-
bius fled to Tyre, where he was kindly received vice. This formula, which is to be found in So-
by the bishop Paulinus; but afterwards he re- crates (Hist. Eccl. i. 5), chiefly differs from the
moved to Egypt
, and was imprisoned there in the Nicene Creed in containing the expression apwtó
course of the persecution. After his release he TOKOS Traons ktíoews (from Col. i. 15) instead of the
returned to Caesareia, and succeeded Agapius as declaration that Christ is of the same substance with
bishop of that see about 315. He was summoned the Father, expressed in the adjective óuocúolov;
to the council of Nicaea in 327, and was there ap- and the phrase " Very God of Very God," is not
pointed to receive Constantine with a panegyrical found in it after “ God of God, Light of Light. "
oration, and to sit on his right hand. The course This creed was accepted by Arius; but Alexander
of events now made it necessary for him to form a insisted on the addition of ouoouoios, to which Coir-
## p. 115 (#131) ############################################
Bagh
Des
His for
60
tirz E:
3 LOT
EUSEBIUS.
EUSEBIUS.
113
stantine himself was favourable, and a majority of like others, should be willing to overlook his
the council decreed its insertion. Eusebius at first faults, and regard him as an especial favourite of
hesitated to sign it, but afterwards did so; because, Heaven. As to the charge of dishonesty, though
as he told the people of Cacsareia in a pastoral letter we could neither expect nor wish a Christian to
explanatory of the proceedings at the council (So be impartial in Gibbon's sense, yet Eusebius has
crat i. 5), the emperor had assured him that by certainly avowed (H. E. viii. 2), that he omits
the phrase need only be understood an assertion almost all account of the wickedness and dissensions
that the Son of God is wholly different from every of the Christians, from thinking such stories less
created being; and that as His nature is entirely edifying than those which display the excellence of
spiritual, He was not born from the Father by religion, by reflecting honour upon the martyrs.
any division, or separation, or other corporeal pro- The fact that he avows this principle, at once di-
cess. Eusebius, however, always retained his mild minishes our confidence in him as an historian and
feelings on this subject; for he wished to reinstate acquits him of the charge of intentional deceit,
Arius in his church, in opposition to Athanasius, to which he would otherwise have been exposed.
and he was intimate with his namesake, the But besides this, Eusebius has written a chapter
bishop of Nicomedeia, a decided Arian. Eusebius (Proep. Evang. xii
. 31) bearing the monstrous
had a very strong feeling against pictures of our title, —" How far it may be lawful and fitting to
Lord, and other novelties, which were then creep- use falschood as a medicine for the advantage of
ing into the Church. When Constantia, the those who require such a method. ” Now at first
widow of Licinius and sister of Constantine, re- sight this naturally raises in our minds a strong
quested him to send her such a picture, he re- prejudice against a person who, being a Christian
fused, and pronounced all such representations in profession, could suppose that the use of false-
worthy only of heathenism. (Vit. Const. 1. 3. p. hood can ever be justified; and no doubt the
1069. ) These pictures he destroyed when they thought was suggested by the pious frauds which
came in his way, considering them inconsistent are the shame of the early Church. But when
with 2 Cor. v. 10 (“ Though we have known we read the chapter itself, we find that the in-
Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth knowstances which Eusebius takes of the extent to
we Him no more"); and he greatly objected (Hist. which the principle may be carried are the cases
Ecd. vii. 18) to a practice prevalent at Caesareia in which God is described in the Old Testament
of offering up figures of Christ as an act of thanks as liable to human affections, as jealousy or anger,
giving for recovery from sickness. It cannot be which is done for the advantage of those who
denied that in some of his objections to pictures of require such a method. ” From this explanation
our Lord, he appears to overlook the practical im- it would appear that Eusebius may have meant
portance of His Incarnation to our Christian life. nothing more than the principle of accommodating
Eusebius remained in favour with the imperial fa- the degree of enlightenment granted from time to
mily till his death. He was offered the see of time to the knowledge and moral state of man-
Antioch on the death of Eustathius, but declined kind; and his only error consists in giving the
it, considering the practice of translations objec odious name of falsehood to what is practically the
tionable, and, indeed, contrary to one of the canons most real truth. (See Amold, Essay appended to
agreed upon at the recent council of Nicaea. For Sermons, vol. ii. )
this moderation he was exceedingly praised by The principal works of Eusebius are as follows:--
Constantine, who declared that he was universally 1. The Chronicon (xpovind FavTodarîs loroplas), a
considered worthy to be the bishop not of one city work of great value to us in the study of ancient
only, but almost of the whole world. (Socrat. history. For some time it was only known in a
H. E. i. 18. ) He died about A. D. 340; so that fragmentary state, but was discovered entire in an
his birth, his elevation to high office, and his Armenian MS. version at Constantinople, and pub-
death, nearly coincide in time with those of his lished by Mai and Zohrab at Milan, in 1818. It
imperial patron.
is in two books. The first, entitled Xpovoypapia,
The character of Eusebius, and his honesty as contains a sketch of the history of several ancient
a writer, have been made the subject of a fierce nations, as the Chaldaeans, Assyrians, Medes, Per-
attack by Gibbon, who (Decline and Fall, c. xvi. ) sians, Lydians, Hebrews, and Egyptians. It is
accuses him of relating whatever might redound to chiefly taken from the Tertaßißacov Xpovodoy còv
the credit, and suppressing whatever would tend of Africanus (AFRICANUS, Sex. JULIUS], and gives
to cast reproach on Christianity, and represents lists of kings and other magistrates, with short ac-
him as little better than a dishonest sycophant, counts of remarkable events from the creation to
anxious for nothing higher than the favour of the time of Eusebius. The second book consists
Constantine ; and resumes the subject in his of synchronological tables, with similar catalogues
"Vindication” of the fifteenth and sixteenth chap- of rulers and striking occurrences, from the time
ters of the history. For the charge of sycophancy of Abraham to the celebration of Constantine's
there is but little foundation. The joy of the Vicennalia at Nicomedeia, A. D. 327, and at Rome,
Christians at Constantine's patronage of the true A. D. 328. Eusebius's object in writing it was to
religion was so great, that he was all but deified give an account of ancient history, previous to the
by them both before and after his death; and al- time of Christ, in order to establish belief in the
though no doubt Niebuhr (Lectures on Roman truth of the Old Testament History, and to point
History, Lect. Ixxix. ed. Schmitz) has sufficiently out the superior antiquity of the Mosaic to any
shewn that Constantine, at least up to the time of other writings. For he says that whereas different
his last illness, can only be considered as a pagan; accounts had been given of the age of Moses, it
yet, considering that his accession not only termi- would be found from his work that he was con-
nated the persecution which had raged for ten temporary with Cecrops, and therefore not only
years, but eren established Christianity as the prior to Homer, Hesiod, and the Trojan war, but
state religion, it is not surprising that Eusebius, I also to Hercules, Musaeus, Castor, Pollux, Hermes,
rto Ria
3 God to be
I of a
1 Histary (1)
Der p208 183
fully lebende
of oux O
S, and 12 )
in his defect;
d Christie
αχ ώς εν τη
at at the end
an of Anas c
asure for open
or eri, be at
rdingly apart
e sectica o De
which he bed
parties
, of the
usebius, biten al
icaea; while being
der, whose deanu
Dous, accumsan
ered bim gresu se
to be found is
dy diters from
de expression 1
- 1. 15) instea: et de
esque suicze
adjective owners;
of Very God,"isN
God, Light of Line
rius; but Alerzu
οούσιος, to sbsite
12
## p. 116 (#132) ############################################
116
EUSEBIUS.
EUSEBIUS.
monuinent of him, and where sacrifices were offered sander, the Heracleid king of Cleonae, by name
to him every year after the festival of Dionysus. Latbria and Anaxandra, whose tombs were to be
(rii. 19. § 1, 3, ix. 41. § 1. ) From Pausanias seen at Sparta in the time of Pausanias (iii. 16.
we learn that Eurypylus was called by some a son $5). The two brothers are said to have united
of Dexamenus. (Comp. Müller, Orchom. p. 341, with the son of Temenus to restore Aepytus, the
&c. , 2nd edit. )
son of Cresphontes, to Messenia. Otherwise, they
2. A son of Poseidon and Astypalaea was king were, according to both Pausanias and Herodotus,
of Cos, and was killed by Heracles who on his re in continual strife, which perhaps may give a mean-
turn from Troy landed in Cos, and being taken for ing to the strange story related in Polyaenus (i. 10),
a pirate, was attacked by its inhabitants. (Apol- that Procles and Temenus attacked the Eurysthei-
lod. ii. 7. 8$ 1, 8. ) According to another tradi- dae then in occupation of Sparta, and were success
tion Heracles attacked the island of Cos, in order ful through the good order preserved by the flute,
to obtain possession of Chalciope, the daughter of the benefit of which on this occasion was the origin
Eurypylus, whom he loved. (Schol. ad Pind. of the well-known Spartan practice. Ephorus in
Nem. iv. 40; comp. Hom. I. ü. 676, xiv. 250 &c. , Strabo (viii. p. 366) states, ihat they maintained
xv. 25. )
themselves by taking foreigners into their service,
3. A son of Telephus and Astyoche, was king and these Clinton understands by the name Eurys
of Moesia or Cilicia. Eurypylus was induced by theidae ; but Müller considers it to be one of the
the presents which Priam sent to his mother or transfers made by Ephorus in ancient times of the
wife, to assist the Trojans against the Greeks. customs of his own. Cicero (de Div. ii. 43) tells
Eurypylus killed Machaon, but was himself slain us, that Procles died one year before his brother,
by Neoptolemus. (Hygin. Fab. 112 ; Strab. xiii. and was much the more famous for his achieve-
p. 584; Paus. iii. 26. Q 7 ; Dict. Cret. iv. 14; ments. (Compare Clinton, F. H. vol. i. p. 333;
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1697. ) There are three other Müller, Dor. i. 5. §§ 13, 14. ) [A. H. C. )
mythical personages of this name. . (Apollod. ii. 7. EURYSTHEUS. (HERACLES. ]
§ 8, i. 7. $ 10, 8. $ 3. )
[L. S. ) EURY'TION (Ejpuriwr). 1. A son of Irus
EURY'PYLUS (Eupútuhos), is referred to as and Demonassa, and a grandson of Actor, is men-
an author by Athenaeus (xi. p. 508), but is other- tioned among the Argonauts. (Hygin. Fab. 14 ;
wise unknown.
(L. S. ) Apollon. Rhod. i. 71. ) According to others he
EURYSACES (Eupvoárns), a son of the Tela- was a son of Actor, and he is also called Eurytus.
monian Ajax and Tecmessa, was named after (Apollod. i. 8. Ø 2; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 175. )
the broad shield of his father. (Soph. Aj. 575 ; When Peleus was expelled from his dominions, he
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 857 ; Serv. ad den. i. 623 ; fed to Eurytion and married his daughter Anti-
Philostr. Heroic. 11. 2. ) An Athenian tradition gone; but in shooting at the Calydonian boar, Pe-
related, that Eury saces and his brother Philaeus leus inadvertently killed his father-in-law. (Apol-
had given up to the Athenians the island of Sa- lod. ii. 13. ♡ 1. &c. )
lamis, which they had inherited from their grand- 2. A centaur who took to flight during the fight
father, and that the two brothers received in return of Heracles with the centaurs ; but he was after-
the Attic franchise. One of the brothers then set- wards killed by Heracles in the dominions of Dex-
tled at Brauron, and the other at Melite. Eury- amenus, whose daughter Eurytion was on the point
saces was honoured like his father, at Athens, with of making his wife. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 4, &c. ;
an altar. (Plut. Sol. 10 ; Paus. i. 35. § 2. ) (L. S. ) comp. Diod. iv. 33 ; Hygin. Fab. 31. ) Two other
EURYSTERNOS (Eupúotepvos), that is, the mythical personages of this name are mentioned by
goddess with a broad chest, is a surname of Ge Apollodorus (ii. 5. $ 10) and Virgil. (Aen. r. 495,
(Hes. Tlieog. 117), under which she had a sanc- &c. )
(L. S. )
tuary on the Crathis near Aegae in Achaia, with a EURY'TION. (EURYPON. ]
very ancient statue. (Paus, vii. 25. § 8, v. 14. EU'RYTUS (Evpuros). 1. A son of Mela-
$ 8. )
[L. S. ) neus and Stratonice (Schol
. ad Soph. Trach. 268),
EURY'STHENES (Eủpvolévns), and PRO-was king of Oechalia, probably the Thessalian
CLES (Tipokaris), the twin sons of Aristodemus, town of this name. (Müller, Dor. ii. 11. § 1. )
were born, according to the common account He was a skilful archer and married to Antioche,
before, but, according to the genuine Spartan by whom he became the father of Iole, Iphitus,
d cousin of Alcibiades
urds on the oceasta of
enerals after the bande
Fllegal proceedings í
Hech on Lbe occasico
e asked that sa
parate trial of each
7, &c. )
whom nothing else
Jhon as having been
I court. He aud
pusin of Akibida
mission when te
elcome his cosso
Hell. i 3. & 13;
[C. P. M;
1. A on
81. ) He
bout his, as a
a king site
as havice led
laces to 198
ose bo oce
67. ) He ser
was wooded
by Patrica
VOL. IL
1
## p. 114 (#130) ############################################
114
EUSEBIUS.
EUSEBIUS.
art.
ans.
Molion or Deſon, Clytius, and Toxeus. (Diod. iv.
distinct opinion on the relation of the first two
37. ) He was proud of his skill in using the bow, Persons in the Trinity. There is no doubt that
and is even said to have instructed Heracles in his in many of his works, especially in those which
(Theocrit. xxiv. 105 ; Apollod. ii. 4. & 9; he wrote before this time, but also in others, seve-
Soph. ì. c. ) He offered his daughter Iole as prize ral expressions may be found inconsistent with
to him who should conquer him and his sons in each other, some of which can only be understood
shooting with the bow.
Heracles won the prize, in a semiarian sense.
Thus in the Demonstratio
but Eurytus and his sons, with the exception of Evangelica he speaks of the Son as ápomolu EVOS
Iphitus, refused to give up Iole, because they | τω Πατρί κατά παντα, όμοιος κατ' ουσίαν. In the
feared lest he should kill the children he might Praeparatio Erang. iv. 3, be denies that the Son
have by her. (A pollod. ii. 6. § 1. ) Heracles ac- is like the Father dras atbios; for (he adds) :
cordingly marched against Oechalia with an army : Πατήρ προϋπάρχει του Υιού και της γενέσεως αι
he took the place and killed Eurytus and his sons. Toù spoupéotnke ; only the Son is not created,
(Apollod. ii. 7. $ 7. ) According to a tradition in and everything perishable must be separated from
Athenaeus (zi. p. 461) he put them to death be our conception of His nature. But with regard to
cause they had demanded a tribute from the Euboe- all his earlier statements of doctrine, we musi re
According to the Homeric poems, on the member that till Arius's opinions, with their full
other hand, Eurytus was killed by Apollo whom bearings and consequences, were generally known,
he presumed to rival in using the bow. (Od. viii. it was very possible for a person to use language
226. ) The remains of the body of Eurytus were apparently somewhat farourable to them, quite
believed to be preserved in the Carnasian grove ; unintentionally, since the true faith on the subject
and in the Messenian Oechalia sacrifices were of- of our Lord's divinity had not yet been couched
fered to him every year. (Paus. iv. 3. $ 6, 27. & in certain formulae, of which ihe use after the
4, 33. & 5. )
controversy was mooted, became as it were the
2. A son of Actor and Molione of Elis. (Hom. test of a man's opinions ; nor had general attention
II. ii. 621 ; A pollod. ii. 7. & 2 ; Paus. ii. 15. 91; been called to the results of differences apparently
Eurip. Iph. Aul. 270. ) (MOLIONES. )
trifling. Eusebius's views on the subject seem to
3. A son of Hermes and Antianeira, and bro- have been based on those of Origen, though in-
ther of Echion, was one of the Argonauts. (Apol- deed he deprecated the discussion of the question
lod. i. 9. § 16 ; Hygin. Fab. 14, 160 ; Val. Flacc. as above human comprehension, recommending
i. 439. )
He is sometimes also called Erytus. men to be satisfied with the scriptural declaration,
(Pind. Pyth. iv. 179; Apollon. Rhod. i. 51; “ So God loved the world, that he gave His only
Orph. Arg. 133. ) There are two more mythical begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on Him
personages of this name. (Apollod. iii. 10, 65, i. should not perish, but have everlasting life ;"
6. $ 2. )
(L. S. )
“pot," as he argues, “whosoever knows how He
EU'RYTUS(EŬputos), an eminent Pythagorean is generated from the Father. " But in the Eccle-
philosopher, whom lamblichus in one passage (de siastica Theologia (after the rise of Arianism) he
Vit. Pyth. 28) describes as a native of Croton, declares (i. 8, ix. 5) against those who reckon
while in another (ilid. 36) he enumerates him Christ among the ktiouata, asserting God to be
among the Tarentine Pythagoreans. He was a the Father of Christ, but the Creator of all other
disciple of Philolaus, and Diogenes Laërtius (iii 6, beings. Again: in the Ecclesiastical History (x.
viii. 46) mentions him among the teachers of Plato, 4) he calls Him avrodeós, and in other places uses
though this statement is very doubtful. It is un- language which proves him to have fully believed
certain whether Eurytus was the author of any in His divinity. He was, however, of course dis-
work, unless we suppose that the fragment in posed to regard Arius with mildness, and wrote to
Stobaeus (Phys. Ed. i. p. 210), which is there Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, in his defence ;
ascribed to one Eurytus, belongs to our Eurytus. arguing that though Arius had called Christ Krioua
(Ritter, Gesch. der Pythag. Plulos. p. 64, &c. ) [L. S. ] Deoù rénerov, he had added an oux as ēv tüy
EUSEBIUS (Evo éBios) of Caesarela, the KTIOUÁTwy. Thus he took his seat at the council
father of ecclesiastical history, took the surname of of Nicaea not indeed as a partizan of Arius, but
Pamphili, to commemorate his devoted friendship as anxious to shield him from censure for opinions
for Pamphilus, bishop of Caesareia. He was born whose importance, either for good or evil, he con-
in Palestine about A. D. 264, towards the end of sidered exaggerated. He accordingly appeared
the reign of the Emperor Gallienus. He spent his there as head of the moderate section of the
youth in incessant study, and probably held some council, and drew up a creed which he hoped
offices in the church of Caesareia. In A. D. 303, would satisfy both the extreme parties, of which
Diocletian's edict was issued, and the persecution the Arian was favoured by Eusebius, bishop of
of the Christians began, Pamphilus was impri- Nicomedia, and Theognis of Nicaea ; while their
soned in 307, and was most affectionately at- opponents were led by Alexander, whose deacon
tended on by Eusebius for two years, at the end Athanasius, afterwards so famous, accompanied
of which time he suffered martyrdom, and Euse him to the council, and rendered him great ser-
bius fled to Tyre, where he was kindly received vice. This formula, which is to be found in So-
by the bishop Paulinus; but afterwards he re- crates (Hist. Eccl. i. 5), chiefly differs from the
moved to Egypt
, and was imprisoned there in the Nicene Creed in containing the expression apwtó
course of the persecution. After his release he TOKOS Traons ktíoews (from Col. i. 15) instead of the
returned to Caesareia, and succeeded Agapius as declaration that Christ is of the same substance with
bishop of that see about 315. He was summoned the Father, expressed in the adjective óuocúolov;
to the council of Nicaea in 327, and was there ap- and the phrase " Very God of Very God," is not
pointed to receive Constantine with a panegyrical found in it after “ God of God, Light of Light. "
oration, and to sit on his right hand. The course This creed was accepted by Arius; but Alexander
of events now made it necessary for him to form a insisted on the addition of ouoouoios, to which Coir-
## p. 115 (#131) ############################################
Bagh
Des
His for
60
tirz E:
3 LOT
EUSEBIUS.
EUSEBIUS.
113
stantine himself was favourable, and a majority of like others, should be willing to overlook his
the council decreed its insertion. Eusebius at first faults, and regard him as an especial favourite of
hesitated to sign it, but afterwards did so; because, Heaven. As to the charge of dishonesty, though
as he told the people of Cacsareia in a pastoral letter we could neither expect nor wish a Christian to
explanatory of the proceedings at the council (So be impartial in Gibbon's sense, yet Eusebius has
crat i. 5), the emperor had assured him that by certainly avowed (H. E. viii. 2), that he omits
the phrase need only be understood an assertion almost all account of the wickedness and dissensions
that the Son of God is wholly different from every of the Christians, from thinking such stories less
created being; and that as His nature is entirely edifying than those which display the excellence of
spiritual, He was not born from the Father by religion, by reflecting honour upon the martyrs.
any division, or separation, or other corporeal pro- The fact that he avows this principle, at once di-
cess. Eusebius, however, always retained his mild minishes our confidence in him as an historian and
feelings on this subject; for he wished to reinstate acquits him of the charge of intentional deceit,
Arius in his church, in opposition to Athanasius, to which he would otherwise have been exposed.
and he was intimate with his namesake, the But besides this, Eusebius has written a chapter
bishop of Nicomedeia, a decided Arian. Eusebius (Proep. Evang. xii
. 31) bearing the monstrous
had a very strong feeling against pictures of our title, —" How far it may be lawful and fitting to
Lord, and other novelties, which were then creep- use falschood as a medicine for the advantage of
ing into the Church. When Constantia, the those who require such a method. ” Now at first
widow of Licinius and sister of Constantine, re- sight this naturally raises in our minds a strong
quested him to send her such a picture, he re- prejudice against a person who, being a Christian
fused, and pronounced all such representations in profession, could suppose that the use of false-
worthy only of heathenism. (Vit. Const. 1. 3. p. hood can ever be justified; and no doubt the
1069. ) These pictures he destroyed when they thought was suggested by the pious frauds which
came in his way, considering them inconsistent are the shame of the early Church. But when
with 2 Cor. v. 10 (“ Though we have known we read the chapter itself, we find that the in-
Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth knowstances which Eusebius takes of the extent to
we Him no more"); and he greatly objected (Hist. which the principle may be carried are the cases
Ecd. vii. 18) to a practice prevalent at Caesareia in which God is described in the Old Testament
of offering up figures of Christ as an act of thanks as liable to human affections, as jealousy or anger,
giving for recovery from sickness. It cannot be which is done for the advantage of those who
denied that in some of his objections to pictures of require such a method. ” From this explanation
our Lord, he appears to overlook the practical im- it would appear that Eusebius may have meant
portance of His Incarnation to our Christian life. nothing more than the principle of accommodating
Eusebius remained in favour with the imperial fa- the degree of enlightenment granted from time to
mily till his death. He was offered the see of time to the knowledge and moral state of man-
Antioch on the death of Eustathius, but declined kind; and his only error consists in giving the
it, considering the practice of translations objec odious name of falsehood to what is practically the
tionable, and, indeed, contrary to one of the canons most real truth. (See Amold, Essay appended to
agreed upon at the recent council of Nicaea. For Sermons, vol. ii. )
this moderation he was exceedingly praised by The principal works of Eusebius are as follows:--
Constantine, who declared that he was universally 1. The Chronicon (xpovind FavTodarîs loroplas), a
considered worthy to be the bishop not of one city work of great value to us in the study of ancient
only, but almost of the whole world. (Socrat. history. For some time it was only known in a
H. E. i. 18. ) He died about A. D. 340; so that fragmentary state, but was discovered entire in an
his birth, his elevation to high office, and his Armenian MS. version at Constantinople, and pub-
death, nearly coincide in time with those of his lished by Mai and Zohrab at Milan, in 1818. It
imperial patron.
is in two books. The first, entitled Xpovoypapia,
The character of Eusebius, and his honesty as contains a sketch of the history of several ancient
a writer, have been made the subject of a fierce nations, as the Chaldaeans, Assyrians, Medes, Per-
attack by Gibbon, who (Decline and Fall, c. xvi. ) sians, Lydians, Hebrews, and Egyptians. It is
accuses him of relating whatever might redound to chiefly taken from the Tertaßißacov Xpovodoy còv
the credit, and suppressing whatever would tend of Africanus (AFRICANUS, Sex. JULIUS], and gives
to cast reproach on Christianity, and represents lists of kings and other magistrates, with short ac-
him as little better than a dishonest sycophant, counts of remarkable events from the creation to
anxious for nothing higher than the favour of the time of Eusebius. The second book consists
Constantine ; and resumes the subject in his of synchronological tables, with similar catalogues
"Vindication” of the fifteenth and sixteenth chap- of rulers and striking occurrences, from the time
ters of the history. For the charge of sycophancy of Abraham to the celebration of Constantine's
there is but little foundation. The joy of the Vicennalia at Nicomedeia, A. D. 327, and at Rome,
Christians at Constantine's patronage of the true A. D. 328. Eusebius's object in writing it was to
religion was so great, that he was all but deified give an account of ancient history, previous to the
by them both before and after his death; and al- time of Christ, in order to establish belief in the
though no doubt Niebuhr (Lectures on Roman truth of the Old Testament History, and to point
History, Lect. Ixxix. ed. Schmitz) has sufficiently out the superior antiquity of the Mosaic to any
shewn that Constantine, at least up to the time of other writings. For he says that whereas different
his last illness, can only be considered as a pagan; accounts had been given of the age of Moses, it
yet, considering that his accession not only termi- would be found from his work that he was con-
nated the persecution which had raged for ten temporary with Cecrops, and therefore not only
years, but eren established Christianity as the prior to Homer, Hesiod, and the Trojan war, but
state religion, it is not surprising that Eusebius, I also to Hercules, Musaeus, Castor, Pollux, Hermes,
rto Ria
3 God to be
I of a
1 Histary (1)
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12
## p. 116 (#132) ############################################
116
EUSEBIUS.
EUSEBIUS.
