No More Learning

; 315; 322; 325;
340; 365; theme of, 733 sq.
Sebastocrator, see Comnenus (Isaac)
Eexperikol, Byzantine bureaucracy, import-
ance of, 731 sq.
183 sq.
Saronic Gulf, islands of, 432
Sarūj (Batnae), 129, 143
Sarus, river, 120, 122
Sarygshar (Yellow City), part of the town
of Itil, inhabited by the Khagan, 191
Sasanids, see Persia
Sassun, governed by Mamlūks, 182
Satalia, see Attalia
Satti, on the Drin, Venetian colony, 583;
taken by Turks, 585; 592
Sauji, son of Murād Í, conspires against
him, 671; 673
Sava, St, son of Stephen Nemanja, made
archbishop of Serbia, 518; and crowns
his brother, 521; death of, 522; grave of,
556; duke of St Sava," see Stephen
Vukčić, Vlatko
Savastopoli, boundary of Empire of Trebi.
zond, 487


## p. 979 (#1021) ###########################################

Index
979
Seleucia, theme of, 39, 733 sq. ; town of,
pillaged by Byzantine fileet, 130; 169;
occupied by Byzantines, 340
Selim II, Ottoman Sultan, gains Naxos and
Chios, 468; and Cyprus, 472
Seljūg ibn Yakāk, ancestor of Seljūg dy.
nasties, 300, 304, 314
Seljūq Turks, Chap. X B, 111; 150 sq. ,
154; overrun Persia, 164; 165; conquer
Greater Armenia, 166 sqq. ; split-up of em.
pire, 168; attack Armeno-Cilicia, 169 sqq. ,
178; 172; 182 ; rise of, 277; Empire of,
278; influence of, 299; save Islām,
302 sq. ; Mongols and, 175, 279; 491, 504,
653 sq. ; local dynasties, 314 sqq. ; con.
quests in Asia, 325; Great Seljūq Sultans,
Alp Arslān, Barkiyārug, Mahmūd,
Malik Shāh, Muhammad, Sanjar, Tugbril
Beg; and Isaac I, 322, 324; and
Alexius I, 326 sqq. , 331 sq. , 343 sq. ; and
First Crusade, 316 sq. , 333 sqq. , 337 sqq. ;
and John II, 353 sqq. ; and Manuel 1,
365 sq. , 377; and Second Crusade, 367;
and Andronicus I, 383; defeated by
Nicenes, 425, 428 sq. , 484; 479 sq. ;
capture Theodore I, 485; Michael Palaeo-
logus and, 503 sq. , 510; and Andronicus
of Trebizond, 514 sq. ; and Bulgarians,
527; 596 sqq. ; 602; and Ottomans, 656;
results of conquests of, 733, 742; trade
with Nicaea, 498; trade with Russia, 516;
architecture, 754; see also Iconium
Seltz, Charlemagne at, 393
Selymbria (Silivri), 271; taken by Michael
VIII, 431, 509; Basil II buried at, 510;
Selymbria gate of Constantinople, see
Pege; 659; granted to Genoese, 666; 677;
Turks in, 678, 695
Semaluos, taken by Saracens, 120, 128, 133;
besieged by, 124
Semendria (Smederevo), built by George
Branković, 569; 570; 573; 576; occupied
by Turks, 578; 579
Semlin, sacked by Crusaders, 336; taken by
Manuel I, 368 sq.
Sempad, see John-Smbat, Smbat
Senate, the, accepts Basil I, 50; and
Michael IV, 102, 106; and Michael VI,
117 sq. , 321; 342; 346; 728 sq. ; of Venice,
see Pregadi
Senekherim, King of Van, 163; resigns his
kingdom to Basil II, 164; 166
Seraglio Point, at Constantinople, 698 sq.
Serbia, wasted by Tsar Simeon, 238; 240;
325; 338; 356; 368; independent under
Stephen Nemanja, 373, 384, 517; Chaps.
XVII, XVIII passim; 492; Turks in, 557,559,
571 sq. , 668,672; annexation by Ottomans,
576 sqq. , 670, 690; influence of Byzantine
law, 724; influence of Byzantine civilisa-
tion, 776; Byzantine art in, 769; Table
of rulers, 590. See also Church, Serbians
Serbians, Serbs, Chaps. XVI, XVII passim;
rising under Bogislav, 110; 230; first
Serbo-Bulgarian war, 235; 238; 240 sqq. ;
rising under Delyan, 244; rising under
Bodin, 244, 325; Alexius I and, 330,
332 sq. ; and John II, 356; and Manuel I,
368 sqq. , 373; 406; independence of, 373,
384,517; and John Asên, 428; and Epirus,
430, 457, 504; and Greece, 455, 552; 465;
and Theodore II, 504; and Papacy, 534;
under Stephen Dušan, 539 sqq. ; victory of
Velbužd, 538; defeat on the Maritza, 555,
670, 672; defeat at Kossovo, 558; and
Turks, 559, 568 sqq. , 575 sq. , 666, 669,
674 sq. , 678, 685, 687 sq. , 690 sqq. ; and
Bosnia, 562, 573 sq. ; and Montenegro, 578,
585 sq. , 617, 659; at battle of Angora, 562,
682; at siege of Constantinople, 696; Table
of rulers, 590. See also Bosnia, Dioclea,
Hum, Rascia, Serbia
Serenus, Patriarch of Aquileia, and Patri-
arch of Grado, 389
Seres, Balkan town, 240, 333; Lombard
nobles at, 426; Latins defeated at, 428;
430; 492 sq. ; 502 sq. ; 532; 542 sq. ;
553 sq. ; 577; taken by Murād I, 669; 672
Seret, river, 198
Sergius and Bacchus, SS. , 564; church of
(Little St Sophia), 753, 768
Sergius III, Pope, and Leo VI, 256 sq.
Sergius, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
Roman Church, 91, 258, 261 sqq.
Sergius, strategus of Sicily, proclaimed
Emperor, 3
Serkevil, Mount, in Armenia, 164
Sermo Declamatorius, work of St Cyril, 220
Servia, Macedonian town, 241; captured by
Normans, 329; obtained by Theodore II,
503
Sestieri, Crete divided into, 434
Sestos, 366; 376; 659; 667
Sevan, island of, victory of Ashot II over
Saracens, 161; church of, 163
Severin, fortified by Mahomet I, 688
Sêveryans, Slav tribe, 204
Sextus, Calocyrus, Byzantine jurisconsult,
714, 722
Sgouros, Leo, founds lordship in Greece,
423, 433 sq. ; death, 436
Shafi'ite law, treatise on, 306
Shāhanshāh, title of Sasanid kings, 274
Shahap the Persian, defeated by Ashot I,
158
Shāhi Beg, see Muhammad Shaibāni
Shāhinshāh, Sultan of Rūm, 353
Shāhinshāh, Seljūq prince of Rūm, and
Manuel I, 377 sq.
Shaizar, in Syria, 149; 359
Shakespeare, and “Duke of Athens,” 442
Shamanism, original religion of Chazars,
190; among Mongols, 640, 646
Shamo, desert of, 187
Shangtu, Kublai elected Great Khan at, 645
Shangtung, Chinese province of, 648
Sharakans, Armenian sacred songs, 162
Shelun, Khagan of the Yuan-Yuan, 185
Shensi, province of China, 633; 644
Shestodnev, see Hexameron
6242


## p. 980 (#1022) ###########################################

980
Index
Shi'ah (Shi'ites), sect, 301; factions in the
Caliphate, 275; 277; Fātimids, 282, 302;
persecuted by Mutawakkil, 288; legal
system, 292, 304 ; feud with Sunnis,
642 sq. ; see Assassins, Mu'tazilites
Shibl-ad-daulah, Hamdānid emir of Aleppo,
embassy to Romanus III, 100
Shibāb-ad-Din, Indian general, defeated by
Tīmūr, 651
Shibāb-ud-Dīn Suhrawardi, Persian idealist
philosopher, 296
Shiramun, grandson of Ogdai Khan, 640
Shirvan, see Albania
Shishman of Trnovo, founder of West Bul.
garian Empire, 238; sons of, 239; 240;
244
Shtiponye, Bulgarians defeat Basil II at,
240
Shümeg, see Somogy
Shumla in Bulgaria, 231, 235
Siang-Hua, island of, off Korea, 637
Sībawaihi, Persian grammarian, 291
Sibylla, Queen of Aragon, at Athens, 459
Sibylla of Lusignan, second wife of Leo the
Great of Armeno-Cilicia, 172
Sicily, insurrection in, 20; 36 sq. ; 124;
Saracens in, 37, 46, 69, 74, 96, 119,
135 sqq. , 140; Byzantine successes in,
103; naval defeats off, 105; 128; finally
lost, 141 sq. , 147, 149; Maniaces in,
150; 151; Normans in, 352, 408, 416, 597;
Catalans in, 449; 450; 513 note; 596; 608;
742; province of, 4; dioceses of, 10; in-
fluence of Byzantine law in, 725; Byzan-
tine influence on art of, 776; kings of,
see Alfonso, Charles, Frederick, Manfred,
Roger, William; Sicilians in Byzantine
army, 657, 738; “Sicilian Vespers,” 448,
613; see Peter the Sicilian
Sideropalus (Cyzistra), taken by the Saracens,
126; Gagik II murdered at, 166, 169
Sidon, captured by John I, 148; Louis IX
at, 515
Siena, John Stephen
of Bulgaria at, 539
Şigismund, King of Hungary, later Western
Emperor, and Stephen Dabiša, 569 sq. ;
defeated at Nicopolis, 561, 618, 675 sq. ;
and Serbia, 564; and Bosnia, 565 sq. ;
620; and Mahomet I, 688; and Murad II,
690
Sile, river in Calabria, 405
Silesia, Mongols in, 628, 637, 639, 652; duke
of, see Henry
Silistria (Dristra, Durostolus), 81; residence
of Bulgarian Patriarch, 238; 239 sq. ;
Patzinak victory at, 330; ceded to Turks,
557; 560
Silivri, see Selymbria ; Silivri gate at Con.
stantinople, see Pege
Silver Bulgars, see Bulgars (White)
Silvio, Domenico, doge of Venice, marries
Theodora Ducas, 408; defeats Normans,
409
Silzibul, see Sinjibu
Simanakla, Cilician fortress, 170
Simeon, name given to Stephen Nemanja
as a monk and saint, 518, 535
Simeon, Tsar of Bulgaria, 62; war with
Constantine VII, 142; 143; war with
Magyars, 199, 236 sqq. ; assumes the title
of Tsar, 238; 243; 245
Simeon Uroš, brother of Stephen Dušan,
rules Thessaly, 552; 475, 590
Simeon Magister, Byzantine chronicler, 765
Simocatta, Theophylact, on the Avars, 186
Simon the Logothete, Byzantine canonist,
718
Simonis, daughter of Andronicus II, married
to Stephen Uroš II, 533
Sinai, monasteries in, 753
Sinān, taken by Saracens, 126, 128
Sincerity, Brethren of,” Muslim theo-
logical school, 292
Sind, 295
Sineus, Swedish chieftain in Russia, 200
Sinjibu (Silzibul, Dizabul), Khagan of the
Turks, 187 sq.
Sinope, 133; declares for Empire of Trebi-
zond, 480; captured by Theodore I, 485;
Seljūgs at, 487, 514
Sīpāhis, division of Turkish army, 665
Sir Janni, ally of Stephen Dušan, 540
Sis, capital of Armeno-Cilicia, 168; 172;
repulses Mamlūks, 176; 177; council at,
178 sq. ; seat of Katholikos, 182
Sisia, Franciscan monastery in Cephalonia,
438
Sisinnius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 91,
261
Sisinnius, bishop of Perge, 8
Sistān, 295, 311, 633
Siwni (Siunia), Armenian kingdom, 157;
158
Skanderbeg (George Castriota), Albanian
chieftain, 572; career of, 584 sq. , 691 sq.
Skanderbeg Crnojević, Turkish governor of
Montenegro, 587; 592
Skepes, monastery of, 53
Skopelos, captured by Licario, 445
Skoplje (Scopia, Uskūb), in Macedonia, 241;
captured by Normans, 329; 430; held by
John III, 492; 519; 532; 536; Stephen
Dušan crowned Emperor at, 542 sq. ;
555; 690; bishopric of, 243
Slav, Bulgarian ruler of Melnik, 522
Slav, Slavs, tribes, Chap. VII, 4, 13, 20; of
the Peloponnesus, 37, 42, 44; 119; 127;
and Avars, 116; in Chazar bodyguard, 190;
and Magyars, 194 sqq. , 211, 215; 209; in
Pannonia, 213 sq. ; of the Balkans, 230;
244; 389; in Greece, 441; pirates, 253,
397, 399 sqq. ; trade with Bulgars, 193;
in Empire, 735 sq. , 773; in Byzantine
army, 738, 746, 770; language, 220, 222;
culture in fourteenth century, 549; Byzan-
tine influence on, 775 sq. ; conversion of,
44 sq. , 259, Chap. VII (B), 737; “ Apostle of
the, see Cyril, St; "Fort of the,” cap-
tured by Saracens, 126; Eastern Slavs,
see Russians


## p. 981 (#1023) ###########################################

Index
981
Slavery, under the Caliphate, 286; in Byzan.
tine law, 720; Turkish slave girls of
Mu'tasim, 285; slave trade condemned at
Venice, 399
Slavonia, 559, 581
Slavonian, the, see Thomas
Slavonic, alphabet, see Glagolitic; liturgy,
223 sqq. , 228, 250, 568; abandoned in
Moravia, 229; introduced into Bulgaria,
236 sq. ; in Bosnia, 526; speech of
Bulgaria, 235; literature in Russia, 229;
first printed books, 587; law of suc-
cession, 559
Slovaks, in Hungary, 210
Slovenian, dialect, see Macedo-Bulgarian;
“Slovenian lands,” 227
Slovens, East Slavonic tribe, 204
Smaragdus, punished for circulating Papal
bull against Cerularius, 270
Smbat (Sempad), chronicle of, 172 note
Smbat Bagratuni, pro-Byzantine ruler in
Armenia in early eighth century, 156 sq.
Smbat Bagratuni, the Confessor, father of
Ashot I, 158
Smbat I, King of Armenia, 159; reign of,
160
Smbat II, King of Armenia, 162; buildings
at Ani, 163
Smbat (Sempad), seizes throne of Armeno-
Cilicia from Hethum II, 177; 178
Smbataberd, sacked by Seljūgs, 166
Smederevo, see Semendria
Smilec, Tsar of Bulgaria, 530 sq. , 590
Smolensk, Russian trading centre, 202; 204
Smyrna, captured by Alexius I, 339; 344;
Genoese at, 431, 511, 477; 485; logic
taught at, 486; 498; miraculous image
at, 500; recaptured from Seljūgs, 615;
defended by Hospitallers, 683 sq. ; 685;
Junaid at, 687; trade of, 770; bishop of,
32; archbishop of, 617; emir of, see
Tzachas; gulf of, 667
Soandus, surrenders to Saracens, 128
Sofia, see Sardica
Soissons, 416
Soldane of Georgia, mother of Leo VI of
Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Solidus, coin, 4, 39; see Coinage
Solomon, senator, plots against Alexius I,
342
Solov'ëv, Russian historian, 199
Sommaripa, dynasty in Aegean, 467, 474
Somogy (Shümeg), chief of, see Kopány
Sophianos, archon of Monemvasia, 440
Sophon, lake, in Asia Minor, 331
Sorbonne, the, 619
Sósandra, monastery of, 498; tomb of
John III at, 500; murder of Muzalon at,
507
Soter, monastery of the, see under Constanti.
nople
Soterichus Panteugenus, see Panteugenus
Sotiriopolis, waters of, 67
Sottomarina (Clugies minor), settlement of,
386
Sozopetra, see Zapetra
Sozopolis, occupied by John II, 354; 361;
taken by Seljūgs, 383
Spain, 36, 66; Saracen adventurers from,
127 sq. , 135 sq. ; Emperor Theophilus and
emir of, 136; relations of Constantine VII
with, 144; 295; lost to the Abbasid
Caliphate, 300; Umayyad dynasty in, 139,
274 sq. ; slaves from, 286; 629; Spanish
Arab philosophers, 296; medical writers,
297; mercenaries, 657, see Catalan; trade
with Constantinople, 762; travellers in
Constantinople, 746, 750
Spalato, taken by Venetians, 406, 411; 557;
564; Hrvoje, “Duke of,” 565 sq.
Sparta, capital of princes of Achaia, 441,
443, 454
Spatharius, title of, 730; bestowed on the
doge Obelerius, 394; see Arsafius
Spatharocandidatus, title of, 730
Spercheus, river, Bulgarians defeated at,
241 sq. ; valley of, 444
Spinalonga, Cretan fortress, 472
Spoleto, duke of, revolts against Byzantium,
390
Sporades, governed by Venetians, 434 sq. ;
captured by Byzantines, 445; Venice in,
465, 476; lost to Venice, 466
Sracimir, see John Sracimir
Srebrenica, silver mines of, 556, 566
Srebrenik, banat of, 581
Sse-Kin, Khagan of the Turks, sends em-
bassy to Constantinople, 187
Staffolo, placitum of, 405
Stagi (Kalabaka), Thessalian bishopric, 243
Stamboul, derivation of, 696; size of, 747,
750, 761
Stampalia, see Astypálaia
Stara-Zagora, see Eski-Sagra
Stauracius, Emperor, son of Nicephorus I,
defeated by Bulgarians, 29, 233
Stauracius, Logothete of the Dromos,
favourite of Irene, 20; 22 sq. ; captured by
Saracens, 124; 125 sq. ; death, 24
Stenimachus, 425
Stephanê (Sdephanê), brother of Thoros II
of Armeno-Cilicia, 170; his fate, 171, 375;
376
Stephen II, Pope, 17 sq. , 391
Stephen V, Pope, and Moravia, 229; and
Photian schism, 254, 256
Stephen VI, Pope, and Photian schism, 256
Stephen IX (Frederick of Lorraine), Pope,
and Cerularius, 269, 597
Stephen, brother of Leo VI, 51; made Patri.
arch of Constantinople, 56, 254; 58
Stephen, Patriarch of Constantinople under
Romanus I, 63; 2
Stephen Nemanja (Dessa, St Simeon), Prince
of Serbia, and Manuel I, 373; 517; reign
and death, 518; 519; 550; 553; 590
Stephen, the First-Crowned, King of Serbia,
"Great Župan,” son of Stephen Nemanja,
518; crowned, 551; death, 522; Greek
wife of, 532; 590
62–3


## p. 982 (#1024) ###########################################

982
Index
Stephen Dragutin, King of Serbia, drives
his father from the throne, 531; rules
Bosnia, 532; death, 534; 556; 590 sq.
Stephen Uroš I, King of Serbia, 524; and
Michael VIII, 527; dethroned by his son,
531; 590
Stephen Uroš II Milutin, King of Serbia,
531; Byzantine marriage of, 532 sq. ; and
Papacy, 534; opportunist policy, 537;
institutes trial by jury, 535; 547; 549;
relic of, at Ragusa, 570
Stephen Uroš HII Dečanski, King of Serbia,
natural son of Stephen Uroš II, 534;
seizes the crown, 535; marriage, 536;
victory at Velbužd, 538; deposition and
death, 539; 590
Stephen Uroš IV Dušan, Tsar of Serbia,
234; in N. Greece, 455; dispossesses his
father, 539; reign of, 540 sqq. ; and John
VI, 541, 543; crowned Emperor, 542;
and Bosnia, 544 sq. ; death, 546; 552 ;
legislation, 547; and the Church, 548;
and foreigners, 549; his Empire, 550 sq. ;
break-up of his Empire, 554; 590; 553
and Turks, 666
Stephen Uroš V, Tsar of Serbia, crowned
King by his father, 542; marriage, 549;
accession as Tsar, 552; 553; dethroned,
554; death, 555; 590
Stephen Lazarević, “Despot” of Serbia, 559,
674; tributary to Turks at battle of Nico-
polis, 561; at battle of Angora, 562, 682;
reign of, 563; death, 564; 575; 585; 590
Stephen, ban of Bosnia, 591
Stephen Kotroman, founder of Bosnian
dynasty, 532
Stephen Kotromanić, Bosnian ruler, 541;
and Stephen Dušan, 544 sq. ; death, 545;
550; 556; 591
Stephen Dabiša, King of Bosnia, 559 sq. , 591
Stephen Ostoja, see Ostoja
Stephen Ostojić, King of Bosnia, 567, 591
Stephen Thomas Ostojić, King of Bosnia, see
Thomas
Stephen Tomašević, King of Bosnia, 577;
receives crown from Pope, 578 sq. ; slain
by Turks, 580; 591
Stephen Vukčić, Bosnian noble, made
“Duke of St Sava," 574; King of Bosnia
and, 575, 579; and Turks, 580; death,
581; 582; 591
Stephen Borić, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia,
591
Stephen I, St, King of Hungary, reign of,
Stephen II, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Stephen IV, the Great, Prince of Moldavia,
588, 593
Stephen I Crnojević, of Montenegro, and
Venice, 586; 592
Stephen II Crnojević, becomes ruler of
Montenegro, 587, 592
Stephen, son of Romanus I, crowned by his
father, 61
Stephen, father of Michael V, 104; defeated
in Sicily, 105
Stephen (Ahmad Pasha Hercegović), son of
Stephen Vukčić, 581; career in Turkish
service, 582
Stephen, son of George Branković, blinded
by Turks, 570, 577
Stephen of Blois, leader in First Crusade,
339
Stephen of Perche, made duke of Phila-
delphia, 480; 516
Stephen, bishop of Clermont, charge of,
599 note
Stephen, bishop of Nepi, legate of Hadrian II
at Constantinople, 251 sq.
Stephen the Younger, St, murdered, 16
Stephen of Surozh (Sugdaea), St, bio-
graphy of, on Russian raids in Asia Minor,
203
Stephen, priest sent by Pope Stephen V to
Moravia, 229
Stephen, the deacon, on Constantine V, 11
Stephen of Ephesus, Byzantine canonist,
711
Stephen, eminent jurisconsult, 707,714, 716
Stethatus (Pectoratus), Nicetas, and the
Latin Church, 113, 267; treatise of, con-
demned, 269 sq.
Ştilo, Otto II defeated by Saracens at, 149
Stip, Macedonian town, ceded to Stephen
Uroš II, 534
Stracimir, Montenegrin ruler, 592
Strategion, see under Constantinople
Strategopulus, Alexius, general of Michael
VIII, takes Constantinople, 431, 511 sqq. ;
at Chepina, 502; captured by Nicephorus
Angelus, 508
Strategus, office of, 731, 733 sq. ; in the navy,
Stratioticus, see Michael VI, Emperor
Stratores (grooms), office of, 730
Strêz, Bulgarian prince, 519; 522
Struma, see Strymon
Strumitsa in Bulgaria (Macedonia), 242, 547
Strymon (Struma), river, 232; valley of the,
241, 502; 538; theme of, 733
Studenica, monastery of, 518; 535
Studion (the), monastery of, 24, 26, 28 sq. ;
zeal for images, 31; Ignatius and, 46; 80;
107; and Roman Church, 247 sqq. ; and
Stethatus, 269 sq. , 255; 259 sq. ; 266; 324;
Michael VIII at, 513; 749; see Alexius,
Anthony, Nicholas, Theodore
Stylianus Zaützes, see Zaützes
Stylianus, court chaplain, 73 sq.
Styria, 688
742 sqq.
213 sqq.
Stephen II, King of Hungary, and John II,
355 sq.
Stephen III, King of Hungary, and Manuel I,
372; 373
Stephen IV, King of Hungary and Manuel I,
372
Stephen I Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia,
593
Stephen II Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia,
593


## p. 983 (#1025) ###########################################

Index
983
Šubić, Croatian family, and Serbia, 535;
541
Sublaeum (Homa), 378
“Sublima Porta,” 697
“Sublime Khan,” title of early rulers of
Bulgaria, 231
Suchuan, Chinese province, 645
Suda, Cretan fortress, 472
Suetius, ceded to Bobemond of Antioch, 343
Sufiism, Sufis, 292
Suger, abbot of St Denis, 596, 601
Sugdaea, see Stephen of
Sughd, 303, 633
Evykdytikol, senatorial order, 729, 734, 757
Sugyut, made headquarters of Ottoman
Turks, 656; 660
Suidas, on Bulgarian code of laws, 233
Sukmān, Urtuqid ruler, 316 sq.
Sulaiman, Umayyad Caliph, 119
Sulaimān, Umayyad prince, 120 sq.
Sulaimān, lieutenant of Maslamah, 2, 119
Sulaimān, Saracen general, 125
Sulaiman, Seljūg, nephew of Sanjar, 312
Sulaimān ibn Qutalmish, Sultan of Rūm,
captures Antioch, 307 sq. ; founds Sul-
tanate of Rūm, 315; Alexius I and, 329;
death, 331
Sulaiman, son of Orkhān, Ottoman prince,
666 sq. ; death, 668; takes Hadrianople,
669; 673; 593
Sulaimān, son of Bāyazid, at battle of
Angora, 682; at Anatolia Hisār, 683; and
Serbians, 562 sq. ; and Manuel II, 685;
death, 686
Sultan Shāh, Seljūq ruler in Syria, 314
Sulzbach, count of, father of the Empress
Bertha, 360
Sung Dynasty, in South China, and Mongols,
633 sqq. , 640, 644 sqq.
Sunnis, Sunnah, orthodox Muslims, 277; six
great traditions of, 281 sq. , 301; schools
of law, 292
Surozh (Sugdaea), see Stephen of
Susamish, Mamlūk viceroy of Damascus,
invades Cilicia, 177
Sutera, in Sicily, tributary to Saracens, 136;
revolts, 137
Sutjeska, seat of the Bosnian court, 556;
Franciscan monastery at, 581
Suvar, Bulgarian town, 193
Svatopluk, Prince of Great Moravia, 198,
210, 226; and St Methodius, 227
Svętslav, James, Bulgarian chieftain, assas-
sination of, 528; see Theodore
Svinimir of Croatia, crowned by the Papal
legates, 325
Svyatopolk, son of Vladimir the Great, 209 sq.
Svyatoslav, Prince of Kiev, reign of, 207 sq. ;
and Byzantines, 145, 147; 213; and Bul.
garians, 239 sq.
Swabia, 227; see Philip of
Swedes, commerce with Bulgars, 192 sq. ;
and foundation of Russia, 199 sq. ; 202 ;
Vladimir flees to, 208; see also Varangians
“ Sweet waters of Asia," river, 676
Syce, besieged by Saracens, 123
Syllaeum, bishop of, see Anthony
Sylvester II, Pope, sends crown to St
Stephen, 214
Symbatius, advocate and commentator on
the Novels, 707
Symbatius, protospatharius, and promulga-
tion of the Basilics, 713; 717
Synada, taken by Saracens, 121
Synadenos, general of David Comnenus,
defeated by Theodore I, 482
Synagoge canonum, 711
Syncellus, creation of the office of, 58; see
George
Synodai Edict, the, of Cerularius, 271
Synods, see Councils
Synopsis canonum, of Stephen of Ephesus,
711
Synopsis legum, legal treatise in verse,
attri.
buted to Psellus, 721
Synopsis Maior, 715, 717, 722 sq.
Synopsis Minor, 717, 722 sq.
Syntagma canonum et legum, of Blastares,
724
Syntagma, of Photius, (so-called) collection
of Byzantine canon law, 718, 723 sq.
Syracuse, Saracen failure before, 37, 135;
103; 136 sqq. ; captured, 140; recaptured
and lost again, 150; archbishop of, see
Gregory
Syria, 12, 19, 38, 70, 74, 76 sqq. , 86, 99 ;
Chap. v passim; Nicephorus II in, 134,
145 sqq. ; Basil II in, 149 sq. ; 178; 274;
Seljūgs in, 168, 218, 277, 307, 310, 312,
314 sqq. ; independent of Caliphate, 276;
Mongols in, 279 sq. , 643, 645, 654;
Crusaders in, 339 sqq. , 348, 353; Latin
princes of, 357, 599; 358; 361; 376; 415;
418; kings of Cyprus and, 469; 564;
Assassins in, 628; Turkish tribes in, 653;
Timūr in, 680; Roman law in, 292;
Byzantine law in, 723; monasteries in,
168; Syrian colonists in Thrace, 231;
Syrian Christians, 298, 623; Syrians in
Byzantine Empire, 735; in army, 738,
742; in Constantinople, 750; trade with
Constantinople, 762, 776; ports, 770
Syriac literature, decline of, 290; translated
into Arabic, 292, 297
Syrmia, held by Bulgarians, 234
“Sythines,' ” fourteenth century name for
Athens, 459
Szegedin, 576; Hungarian Parliament at,
578; treaty of, 571, 691
Szilágyi, go nor of Belgrade, 577
Tabarī, Arab writer, 128 note; 133 note; 218;
commentary on the Koran, 291; history
of the world, 293
Tabaristān, conquered by Seljūgs, 304
Tabriz, 182
Tactics, military work of Leo VI on, 58; see
Army
Tadjat, Armenian general of Irene, deserts
to Saracens, 124


## p. 984 (#1026) ###########################################

984
Index
Tagliacozzo, battle of, 444
Táyuara, divisions of Byzantine army in
Constantinople, 739
Tahir, Persian general of the Caliph Ma'mūn,
276
Tā'i', Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 277
Tā'if, 312
Taïkh, the, Armenian province, 157 sq. ,
160
Teine, on Byzantine courtiers, 755
Tai-Tsung, Chinese Emperor and Mongols,
632
Taitu, see Cambalu
Táj-ad-Din, King of Nimrūz, captured by
the Khata', 312
Tāj-al-Mulk Ábu'l-Ghanā'im, vizier of Ma-
lik Shah, 308
Tajki-Gar (Rock of Tajik), Cilician strong-
hold, 170
Takrit, 278
Tali, Chinese city, taken by Kublai, 644
Tallb, White Bulgarian ruler, 193
Tall-Batriq, Saracens defeat John I near,
143
Taman, peninsula of, 189
Tamatarcha, 8ee Phangoria
Tamburlaine (Tamerlane), see Timūr
Tamghāj Khān, father-in-law of Malik
Shāh, 307
Tanais, Greek colony on Black Sea, 183;
Jewish community at, 190
Tancred, nephew of Bohemond, leader in
First Crusade, 335, 338, 340 sq. ; becomes
Prince of Antioch, 343
T'ang dynasty of China, 632
Tangut, see Hia
Taormina, harried by Saracens, 137; re-
mains Byzantine, 138 sq. ; captured, 141,
144
Taranta, 119
Taranto, Venetian fileet defeated by Sara-
cens, 136, 398; 139; occupied by Otto II,
149; 369; see Philip, Robert
Tarasius, Patriarch of Constantinople, ap-
pointed by Irene, 21; opposes Constantine
VI's divorce, 23; crowns Nicephorus I,
25; 26, 28; 248
Taratūs (Tortosa), attacked by Byzantines,
146; regained by Alexius I, 343
Ta’rikh Jalāli, Turkish era, named after
title of Malik Shāh, 308
Tarim, river of Central Asia, 187
Taron, Armenian family, 62; 88
Taron, Armenian province, 131, 160; 161;
ravaged by Mongols, 181
Taronites, governor of Salonica, killed by
Bulgarians, 241
Taronites, Gregory, duke of Trebizond, and
Alexius I, 342
Taronites, Gregory, minister of John I, 352
Taronites, Michael, brother-in-law of Alexius
I, plots against him, 333
Tarsia, province of, 480
Tarsus, 89; in Saracen wars, 120, 124 sqq. ,
129, 132, 134; taken by Nicephorus II,
145; by John II, 169, 358 sq. ; capital of
Armeno-Cilicia, 168; 171 sq. ; 174; cap-
tured by Mamlūks, 176, 669; Tancred at,
335, 338, 340 sq. ; 343; church at, 179;
commerce of, 770; emirs of, see 'Ali,
Thābit
Tartars, and Bulgaria, 527 sqq. ; in Serbia,
531 sq. ; in Roumania, 540; mercenaries
at Velbužd, 538; in Thrace, 659, 663, 665;
languages, 628; derivation of name of,
630; finally absorbed by Mongols, 632;
see also Mongols
Tartary, 175, 633
Tashkent, destroyed by Mongols, 633
Tataeum, 120
Tatar-Pazardzhik, 531
Taticius, Byzantine general with the Cru.
saders, 338
Tatu, see Cambalu
Taurus range, in Asia Minor, 120, 151,
167 sq. , 274, 278, 358, 653, 740
Taurus, square at Constantinople, see under
Constantinople
Tavia, Greek stronghold taken by Turks,
690
Taygetus, Mt, 42, 441; see also Maina
Tedaldi, Florentine soldier, at siege of
Constantinople, 695, 697 note, 700 note
Tedaldo Visconti, see Gregory X, Pope
Tegea, 441
Teias, King of the Ostrogoths, 385
Tekfür Serai (Palace of the Porphyrogenitus),
see under Constantinople
Telerig, Khan of Bulgaria, and Constantine
V, 232
Telets, Khan of Bulgaria, 231
Teloneum, land tolls, 400
Teluseh, ceded to Bohemond of Antioch, 343
Tempe, valley of, 241
Templars, the 171; and Leo the Great of
Armeno-Cilicia, 173; help Hethom II,
177; 178; in Greece, 437; refuse Cyprus,
469; receive Attalia, 480
Temujin, see Jenghiz Khan; derivation of
name, 632
Tenedos, island of, 500; taken by Turks,
654, 657; Venetians in 671; 677
Tenos, island of, 435; Venetian, 457, 465,
467 sq. , 476; lost to the Ottomans, 472
Tephrice, occupied by Paulicians, 42; at-
tacked by Petronas, 46; 132; captured by
Basil I, 139
Terebinthus, island of, 248
Terter, river, 206
Terteri dynasty in Bulgaria, extinction of,
536; see George
Tervel, Bulgarian prince, and Justinian II,
189, 231
Terzieri, rulers in Euboea, 435
Teutonic Knights, in Greece, 437; in Rou-
mania, 540
Thābit, emir of Tarsus, defeated by Byzan.
tines, 127
Thābit ibn Qurrah, Arab translator of medi.
cal works, 297


## p. 985 (#1027) ###########################################

Index
985
Thalelaeus, author of commentary on the
Code, 707, 714, 716
Thamar, aunt of Alexius Comnenus, Em.
perorof Trebizond, 479
Thamar of Bulgaria, married to Murad I,
555
Thasos, Byzantine fleet defeated off, 128;
465; Genoese in, 477
Thebasa, in Cappadocia, captured by Sara-
cens, 125 sq.
Thebes, Bulgarian victory at, 244; Normans
at, 368; 433; in dukedom of Athens,
439 sqq. , 447, 472 sq. ; Catalan vicar-
general at, 451; 453; the Acciajuoli at,
458 sq. , 464; 461 sq. ; Turkish, 465; 508;
silk manufacture at, 440, 447, 770
Thecla, sister of Basil I, 51
Theiss, river of Hungary, 210 sq. , 214 sq. ,
637
Themes (0€uara), Byzantine provinces and
army-corps, institution and arrangement
of, 732 sqq. ; command and government
of, 734; names of army-corps, 739 sq. ;
maritime themes, 742 sqq. , 364; develop-
ment of system by Leo III, 3; reorgani.
sation by Theophilus, 39; Book of the, by
Constantine VII, 67; composition changed
by Irene, 125; imitated by Saracens, 132;
Bulgaria included in system, 243; Manuel I
levies tax instead of ships from maritime
themes, 364; see Army, Fleet
Theobald (Thibaut) III of Champagne,
chosen leader of Fourth Crusade, 415;
death, 416
Theocritus, 763
Theoctiste, mother of Theodora, 34
Theoctistus, the Logothete, uncle and coun.
sellor of Theodora, 40, 42; murdered, 43;
expedition against Saracen pirates, 45;
defeated by Saracens, 131; patronage of
St Cyril, 217 note, 218
Theoctistus Bryennius, see Bryennius
Theodates of Rhodes, helps Constantine IV
of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Theodonis Villa, see Thionville
Theodora, Empress, wife of Justinian I, 98,
Theodora Comnena, marries Constantine
Diogenes, 326
Theodora, daughter of Alexius I, 346
Theodora, niece of Manuel I, 363; married
to Baldwin of Jerusalem, 374; carried off
by Andronicus, 381
Theodora Ducas, marries Domenico Silvio,
doge of Venice, 408
Theodora Cantacuzene, daughter of John VI,
married to Sultan Orkhān, 665, 667
Theodora, the Senatrix, wife of Theophylact,
256, 259
Theodore I Lascaris, Emperor, crowned,
423; and Latins, 424, 426, 481, 485; de-
feats Seljūgs, 425, 484; death, 427; 478
sqq. ; and Papacy, 596, 604, 607; 516
Theodore Il Lascaris, Emperor, 489; 496;
499; accession and coronation, 500 sq. ;
Bulgarian campaigns, 502; 430; and
Epirus, 503 sqq. ; and Papacy, 505, 596,
609; illness and death, 506; 507; 513
sq. ; 516; 525
Theodore Ducas Angelus, despot of Epirus,
successes of, 427, 439; crowned Emperor,
497; and Theodore I, 479; and John III,
428 sq. , 493 sq. ; 436; 439 sq. ; cap-
tured by Bulgarians, 523 sq. ; ruler at Vo-
dená, 493, 524; 475 sq.
Theodore I Palaeologus, despot of Mistrâ,
458 sq. , 675: and Bāyazid, 677 sq.
Theodore II Palaeologus, despot of Mistrâ,
460 sqq. ; 471
Theodore Svetslav, Tsar of Bulgaria, son of
George Terteri I, 530 sq. ; seizes the
throne, 536; 590
Theodore II, Pope, and Photian schism, 256
Theodore Balsamon, Patriarch of Antioch;
nomophylax at Constantinople and legal
author, 714 sq. , 720; his Exegesis Can-
onum, 724
Theodore of Colonea, appointed Patriarch of
Antioch, 80; death, 89
Theodore, bishop of Cyzicus, opposition to
Polyeuctes, 65
Theodore of Studion, aims of, 21; 23; praise
of Irene, 25; 28; appeals to Rome, 29,
32, 247; and Leo V, 30 sq. ; 33; death,
34; final defeat of his policy, 41; 233;
and Byzantine luxury, 758; 766
Theodore, Palestinian monk, champion of
icons, 34
Theodore, son of John III, 489
Theodore, general of Michael VI, 117,
321
Theodore of Hermopolis, legal commen-
tator, 707, 714, 716
Theodore Scutariota, 506 note
Theodore, tutor of Constantine VII, 61
Theodorita (Hagiotheodorita), Byzantine
jurisconsult, 714, 720, 722
Theodosia, Greek colony on the Black Sea,
183
Theodosiopolis (Erzerum), captured by Con.
stantine V, 12, 122; 129; 132; occupied
by Mongols, 653
757 sq.
Theodora, Empress, Chazar princess, wife
of Justinian II, 189
Theodora, Empress, wife of Theophilus,
left regent, 34, 40; restores image wor-
ship, 41, 246; Paulicians and, 42, 133,
139; Saracen campaigns, 139 sq. ; and
St Methodius, 217; end of her political
career, 43; 46
Theodora, Empress, wife of Romanus I,
61
Theodora, Empress, daughter of Constantine
VIII, 84; 92; 96; plots against Zoë and
exiled, 100; crowned co-Empress, 107;
joint government, 108; 109; becomes sole
Empress, 115; disgraces Cerularius, 116,
597; death, 116; 319
Theodora, daughter of Constantine VII, 68;
marries John I, 81


## p. 986 (#1028) ###########################################

986
Index
Theodosius I, Emperor, 154; column of, at
Constantinople, 748
Theodosius II, Emperor, enlarges Constan.
tinople, 747, 749; founds university of
Constantinople, 764
Theodosius III, Emperor, 3
Theodosius, St, of Trnovo, adviser of John
Alexander of Bulgaria, 550
Theodosius, father of Constantine IX, 108
Theodosius, cousin of Constantine IX, re-
volts against Michael VI, 117
Theodosius, bishop of Ephesus, 8
Theodosius, the patrician, sent by Theo.
philus to the doge, 397
Theodote, second wife of Constantine VI,
23 sq. , 28
Theodotus Cassiteras, made Patriarch of
Constantinople by Leo V, 31; dies, 33
Theodotus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
380; and Andronicus I, 381 sq.
Theodotus, the patrician, commander in
Sicily, defeated and killed by Saracens,
135
Theognostus, the archimandrite, partisan of
Ignatius, 249
Theophanes, Byzantine historian, 2, 11, 13,
16, 19, 24 sqq. , 29; continuation of, by
Constantine VII, 67; 120 note; 765
Theophanes, Palestinian monk, champion
of icons, 34
Theophanes, the patrician, envoy of Romanus
I to the Magyars, 212
Theophanes the Sicilian, author of Life of
St Joseph, 255
Theophano (St Theophano), Empress, wife
of Leo VI, 55; death, 56; 59, 256
Theophano, Empress, wife of Romanus II,
character, 65, 67; governs, 68; 69; re-
gency of, 70; and Nicephorus Phocas, 71
sqq. , 145; 77 sq. ; banished, 79; 81; 84;
757
Theophano, daughter of Romanus II, 68;
147; marries Otto II, 77; 81; 94
Theophano, daughter of Constantine VII,
68
Theophilus, Emperor, accession and icono-
clastic zeal of, 34; Saracen war, 38, 128
sqq. ; and Louis the Pious, 38, 203; in-
ternal administration, 39; buildings and
love of the arts, 39 sq. , 754; 41 sqq. ; 136;
152; 189; 192; and Venice, 396 sq. ;
Novels of, 710
Theophilus, Byzantine admiral, captured
by Saracens, 125
Theophilus, professor of law, under Justin-
ian, 707, 714, 721
Theophobus, the Persian, leads Saracen
rebels to Theophilus, 38, 128; executed,
Theophylact, son of Romanus I, made Pa-
triarch of Constantinople, 63, 259; 64;
character and death of, 65, 260
Theophylact of Euboea, archbishop of Och.
rida, 243; book on the Errors of the
Latins, 333, 598
Theophylact, see Simocatta
Theophylact of Torcello, 397
Theophylact, Roman Senator, 256
Theophylitzes, patron of Basil the Mace.
donian, 50
Dewpntpov (bridal gift of husband to wife),
in Byzantine law, 716
Theorianus, and the Armenian Church, 363
Theotmar, archbishop of Salzburg, 227
Theotokos, title of the Virgin Mary, 2; 13
sq. ; church of at Constantinople, see under
Constantinople; at Jerusalem (Vefa jami'),
768
Thera, eruption at, 9
Therapia, destroyed by Turks, 698
Therasia, eruption at, 9
Thermodon, river, 487
Thermopylae, pass of, 242, 433
Theseus, “Duke of Athens,” 442
Thessalonica, see Salonica
Thessaly, 141, 217, 240; Normans in, 329;
Latin lordships in, 422; 424, 426, 428,
432, 436, 439; given to Philip of Taranto,
448; 449 sq. ; Turks conquer, 458, 463;
491; annexed by Stephen Dušan, 543, 545;
ruled by Simeon Uroš, 552 sq. ; 687; MSS.
in, 499; sees in, 95, 243
Thierri de Loos, seneschal of Latin Empire,
in Asia Minor, 482 sq.
Thietmar, German chronicler, on the By-
zantine Xelávdia, 398 note
Thionville (Theodonis Villa), 394 sq. , 398
Thomas Angelus, last despot of Epirus,
murdered by Orsini, 453, 475
Thomas Ostojić, Stephen, King of Bosnia,
574; and Bogomiles, 575; death, 578; 591
Thomas Palaeologus, despot of the Morea,
460 sq. ; and Turks, 463 sg. ; daughter of,
578
Thomas Preljubović, ruler of Epirus, 552;
assassinated, 553; 457; 475
Thomas the Slavonian, rebels against Mi.
chael II, 33 sqq. , 235; and Saracens, 127
Thomas de Stromoncourt, founds barony of
Sálona, 433
Thomas Aquinas, St, and Byzantine
Church, 595
Thomas Morosini, Latin Patriarch of Con.
stantinople, 421, 426, 606
Thomas, bishop of Claudiopolis, 8
Thomas of Medzoph, Armenian churchman,
182
Thopia, clan of Albania, 584; see Carlo
Thoros I, ruler of Armeno-Cilicia, prosper.
ous reign, 169; 357 sq.
Thoros II, ruler of Armeno-Cilicia, 169; re-
conquers his kingdom from Manuel 1,
170 sq. ; 359, 373 sqq. , 381
Thoros III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, put to
death, 177
Thrace, 13 sq. , 35, 37, 119; Magyars in-
vade, 212, 230, 234, 240, 323; anti-Latin
rising in, 424, 481; 427, 432, 483, 486,
489 sq. , 511, 520, 523 sqq. ; Tartars in,
527, 663; 546; Ottoman Turks in, 555,
40


## p. 987 (#1029) ###########################################

Index
987
617, 658 sq. , 662, 665, 668 sqq. , 672,
675, 685, 695; 689; Asiatic colonists in,
231; Thracian origin of Emperor John
III, 487; theme of, 733; Thracians in
Byzantine Empire, 773
Thracesian theme, 5, 339, 732 sq. ; strate-
gus of, see Contomytes, Lachanodraco
Thucydides, 763
Thughūr-al-Jazira, Saracen province, 132
Thughūr-ash-Shām, Saracen province, 132
Thumāma, Saracen general, 123; defeated,
124
Thuringia, landgrave of, and Mongols, 639
Tibb-i-Yunánt, and Greek medicine, 298
Tiberias, surrendered to John I, 148
Tiberius II, Emperor, 187; Novels of, 708,
714
Tiberius III Apsimar, Emperor, exiles Jus.
tinian II, 189
Tiberius, pretended son of Justinian II, 121
Tibet, raided by Mongols, 649
Tiflis, in Iberia, taken by Mongols, 636, 679
Tigris, river, 276, 306, 636
Tikhomir, Bulgarian leader, 244
Timariots, Ottoman military tenants, 664
Timur (Timūrleng, Tamerlane, Tambur-
lane, Timurlane), Mongol leader, birth and
career, 650 sqq. ; and Bāyazid I, 679 sqq. ;
at battle of Angora, 562, 619; besieges
Smyrna, 683; death, 651, 684; 181 sq. ;
193; 644; 674; 685 sq. ; 688 sqq. ; 695
Tīmūrid dynasties, displaced by Uzbegs, 651
Tinnis, 119
Tipucitus, 722; 713
Tiridates (Trdat), Armenian architect, re-
stores St Sophia, 96; architect of the
cathedral at Ani, 163
Tirmidh, fortress of, 312 sq.
Tirmidhi, compiler of Arab traditions, 291
Titles, of the Emperor, 726; of the hierarchy,
Topoteresiae (lieutenancies), subdivisions of
theme, 734
Tõp Qāpu, gate at Constantinople, see St
Romanus
Torcello, settlement of, 386; bishopric of,
387; trade of, 391; bishop of, see Domi.
nicus, Orso, Vitalis, see also Theophylact
Torgods, Mongol tribe, 650
Torki, see Ghuzz
Tornesi, coins of Tours, 439
Tornicius (Tornig), general of Basil II, builds
the convent of Iviron, 90
Tornicius, Leo, revolts against Constantine
IX, 110 sq. , 266
Tortosa, see Taratūs
Toucy, see Ancelin de
Toul, diocese of, 265
Toulouse, see Raymond
Tours, battle of, 637; coins of, 439
Trade and commerce, of Constantinople,
761 sq. ; of provincial towns, 770; trade
between Saracens and Byzantines, 152;
commercial treaty with Russians, 205;
trade with Bulgaria, 237; Alexius I and
Pisans, 344; and Venetians, 354: Manuel I
and Pisans, 371; clauses of treaty of
Nymphaeum, 511; trade between Nicaea
and Seljūgs, 498; of Armenia, 162, 173;
of Chazars, 191; of White Bulgars, 193;
slave trade of Magyars, 197; trade of
Patzinaks, 199; Russian commerce,
201
sqq. , 206, 209; Saracen commerce under
Abbasids, 286, 289; under Fatimids, 302;
Venetian trade and commerce, Chap. Xm
passim, 416; in Euboea, 435; in Cyprus,
469, 471; commercial prosperity of Lesbos,
465; trade of Bosnia, 517; of Ragusa and
Bulgaria, 523; of Serbia, 535, 541, 549;
Byzantine mercantile marine, 5, 762
Tradonicus, Peter, doge of Venice, 397 sq. ;
murdered, 398
Trajan's, column, 748; bridge, 688
Trajanopolis, Turks defeated at, 662
Tralles, see Aidin; Anthemius of
Trani, defeat of Normans off, 412; 513 note;
bishop of, see John
Transcaucasia, 154; tribes of, 207; see also
Abasgia, Albania, Iberia
Translatio S. Clementis, Latin account of
St Cyril, 216, 218 sqq.
Transoxiana (Mā-wara-an-Nahr), conquered
by Seljūgs, 277; by Mongols, 279; Seljūq
emigrates to, 300, 303; 311; invaded by
the Khatá, 312; 317; 633; 650 sq. ; see
also Turkestan
Transylvania (Black Hungary), in the ninth
century, 211; 214 sq. ; 540; 571; Murād
II in, 690
Trapezitae, Byzantine light cavalry, 740
Traù, submits to Venetians, 406; 411
Traulus, mutinies against Alexius I, 330
Travnik, Turkish residence in Bosnia, 582
Trdat, see Tiridates
Trebizond, 56, 88, 96; duke of, 344, 381;
Empire of, founded by Comneni, 423 sq. ,
730 sq.
Tito Venier, marquess of Cerigo, rebels
against Venice, 457
Tivertsy, Slav tribe, and Magyars, 198
Tivoli, 241, 601
Tmutorakan, see Phangoria
Tmutorakanian Russia, 208
Tocco family, dominions annexed by Turks,
463, 466; at Naples, 455, 466; and archae-
ology, 474; see Antonio, Carlo, Leonardo
Toitzakia, Chazar garment introduced at
Constantinople by Irene, 189
Tokat, modern name of Dazimon, 38
Toktu, Khan of Bulgaria, slain by Byzan.
tines, 232
Tolen, Prince of Hum, 591
Tolonor, conference of, between Mongols
and Chinese, 649
Tomor, Mt, in Albania, 242
Tópos tñs vcrews (Tomus Unionis), decree
of Nicholas Mysticus, 62, 257
Tongking, see Annam
T'o-pa, empire of, in East Asia, 185 sq.
Tophana, 700
Toplica, river, Turkish defeat on the, 557


## p. 988 (#1030) ###########################################

988
Index
479 9 sq. ; 465; and Empire of Nicaea, 482,
486 sq. ; and Nicene Patriarch, 486, 498;
besieged by Seljūgs, 514 sq. ; Turks and,
656, 665, 674; 690; Table of rulers, 516;
trade of, 762, 770; country of Bessarion,
620; Armenian MS. Gospels of, 162; see
also Chaldia
Trèves, archbishop of, and Photius, 249
Trevisan, Gabriel, Venetian commander, at
siege of Constantinople, 695, 697 sq. , 700
Treviso, 393; bishop of, 404 sq. ; Trevisan
march, 398, 402
Tribunes at Venice, 386, 389, 392, 397;
tribunitian families, 387 sq.
Tribuni Maritimorum of Venetia, 385
Tribunus, Peter, doge of Venice, 400
Tribunus Menius (Memmo), doge of Venice,
403; deposed, 404
Triclinius, Byzantine professor, 764
Tricocca, near Nicaea, taken by Osmān, 657
Triconchus, see under Constantinople
Trikala, captured by Normans, 329; 552 sq.
Triphyllius, Constantine, negotiates with
Saracens, 133
Tripolis, emir of, treaty with Romanus III,
100; 146; 148 sq. ; 173; besieged by Cru.
saders, 341; princes of, see Bertrand,
Pons, Raymond; see also Leo of
Trit, see Renier of
Trnovo, capital of Bulgarian Tsars, 234, 238,
428, 489, 518 sq. , 522; Kalojan crowned
at, 520; 521; splendour of, 525; 527 sq. ;
besieged by Byzantines, 529; 531; 544;
557; taken by Turks, 560; 577; Patri-
arch of, 542; church of the Forty Martyrs
at, 560
Troad, the, held by Latins, 485; ceded to
John III, 487; Armenian colony in, 479,
481
Troy, 525; Latin bishopric of, 485; Trojan
War, 506; frescoes of, at Patras, 446; 705
Trstivnica, river, 581
Truvor, Swedish chieftain in Russia, 200
Tryphon, Patriarch of Constantinople, 63,
260
Tryphon, St, patron saint of Nicaea, 506;
figure of, on coins, 514
Tsar (Caesar), of Bulgaria, title assumed by
Simeon, 238; Table of Tsars, 590
Tsar (Caesar), of Serbia, title assumed by
Stephen Dušan, 542; Table of Tsars, 590
Tsarigrad, Russian name for Constantinople,
746
Tudela, see Benjamin of
Tuduns, lieutenants of the Chazar khagan,
189
Tugbril Arslān, emir of Melitene, 353
Tugbril Beg, Great Seljūq Sultan, reign
and conquests of, 304 sq. ; and Armenia,
164, 166; enters Baghdad, 277, 304;
death, 305
Tughril II, last Seljúg ruler in 'Irāg, 315
Tugbril Shāh, Seljūg ruler in Kirmān, 314
Tughtigin, founder of the Būrid dynasty of
Syria, 314 sq.
T'u-Küe, Turkish hordes of Central Asia,
185
Tulē, youngest son of Jenghiz Khan, 633,
635 sq. , 641
Tālūnid dynasty in Egypt, founded, 139;
300
T'u-mên, leader of Turkish tribes, 185 sqq.
Tunis, Aghlabids in, 300; Crusade against,
610
Tunja valley, near Hadrianople, 318
Tuqtāmish, Mongol Khan of the Golden
Horde, sacks Moscow, 652
Tura-Khān, Ottoman captain, in the Morea,
460; 463
Turakina, widow of Ogdai Khan, 640
Tūrān, Seljūg prince of Kirman, 314
Turbessel, John II before, 361
Turcopuli, Turks employed by Byzantines,
658
Turco-Tartar races, 194 sq.
Turcus, Bardanes, rebels against Nicephorus
I, 34
Turkān Khātun, wife of Malik Shāh, 307;
intrigues and death, 308 sq. ; 310
Turkestan, 185, 188, 303; Alp Arslan's cam.
paigns in, 307; conquered by Mongols,
633; Manichaeans in, 288; king of, 300;
see also Transoxiana
Turkomans, invade Cilicia, 169; 171; 180;
307; see also Ghuzz
Turks, Chaps. vo (A), X (B), XVIII, XXI pas-
sim; of Central Asia, 185 sqq. ; and Cha-
zars, 188; Turkish elements in Bulgar
race, 184; in Magyars, 194, 196; Turkish
soldiers of the Caliphs, 129, 131, 139, 276
sq. , 285 sq. ; Turkish princes in Cilicia,
470; Turkish tribes in Anatolia, 653 sqq. ;
among Mongols, 631; Turkish mercen.
aries in Greece, 443 sq. ; 450; in Serbia,
553; in Byzantine army, 347, 738; as
subjects of the Empire, 735 sqq. ; modern
Turks compared with Byzantines, 774;
Turkish language, 195, 295; see also
Mongols, Ottomans, Seljūgs
Turmae, subdivisions of army and theme,
734, 739
Turmarchs, 734
Turnu-Severin, Roumanian town, 567
Turov, 210
Turtukai, on the Danube, 235
Turuberan, in higher Armenia, 158; ravaged
by Tīmūr, 181
Turxanth, Turkish khagan, receives By-
zantine embassy, 188
ſūs, governor of, and Seljūgs, 304
Tuscany, marquess of, see Hubert
Tusla, fortress of, captured by John III,
490
Tutsa, Bulgarian river, 235
Tutush, Seljūg ruler in Syria, son of Alp
Arslān, 309 sq. , 314 sq. ; captures Jeru-
salem, 316; 317
i
Tvrtko I, King of Bosnia, succeeds as ban
of Bosnia, 545; victories of, 555 sq. ;
crowned king, 556; joins anti-Turkish


## p. 989 (#1031) ###########################################

Index
989
Uqailids, dynasty of Mosul, 317
Ural-Altaic peoples, 192, 194
Ural, river, see Yaik
Uranus, Nicephorus, ambassador to Bagh-
dad, 86; victorious over Bulgarians, 241
Urban II, Pope, and Alexius I, 333, 596,
598 sq.
league, 557 sq. ; death of, 559; 565; 575;
591
Tvrtko II, Tvrtković, King of Bosnia, 565
sqq. , 573 sq. , 591
Tyana, 121; mosque built at, 126; 127 sqq.
Tymphrestos, Greek mountain, 444
Typikon, monastic rule, of St Athanasius, 80
Tyras, Greek colony on Black Sea, 183
Tyre, 376; captured by Venetians, 411; see
Amaury, William
Tyropaeum, castle of, 88
Tyrrhenian Sea, 742
Tzachas, emir of Smyrna, designs on Con-
stantinople, 331
Tzetzes, Byzantine writer, 763; Chiliads of,
368
Tzimisces, family, 69, 93; see John I, Em-
peror
Tzurulum, see Chorlu
Tzympe, first Turkish settlement in Europe,
544; 667
Urban IV, Pope, and Michael VIII, 609
Urban V, Pope, and Petrarch, 616; and
John V, 617 sq. , 670
Urban, Hungarian engineer, casts monster-
gun for siege of Constantinople, 696,
698
Urdu language, 295
Uriang Kadai, Mongol general, in China,
644
Uroš, Župan of Rascia, and his family, 356;
see also Pervoslav, Stephen
Ursus (Orso), third doge of Venice, 388;
independent election of, 390; 391
Ursus, son of John Particiacus, bishop of
Olivolo, 397
Urtuq ibn Aksab, founder of the Urtuqid
dynasty, 316 sq.
Urtuqid dynasty of Aleppo, 314 sq. , 317
Uskūb, see Skoplje
Usora, Bosnian district, annexed by Serbia,
573
Uspenski, on foundation of Sarkel, 192
Ussakhal, Mongol ruler, defeated by Chinese,
649
Uthmān, see Osman
Utigurs, Utrigurs, Bulgar tribe, 185, 200;
prince of, see A-na-kuei, Organas
Uzbeg Mongols, 651 sq.
Uzes, Byzantine name for Ghuzz, q. v.
'Ubaid-Allāh (Mahdi), first Fāțimid Caliph,
conquers North Africa, 302
"Ubaid. Allāh, governor of Antioch, 89
Ubaldo, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, sent to
Constantinople, 602
Udine, proposed council at, 621
Ugain, nobility of old Bulgaria, 231; clan
of, 231
Uglješa, see John
Ugrian tribes, 194; Ugro-Finnish Society,
and site of Karakorum, 640
Ugrin, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Uighurs, Mongol tribe, 631; ruled by Jagatai,
635; script of, among Mongols, 634, 646
“Ujaif, Saracen general, 128 sq.
Uj Palanka, see Haram
Ukil, Bulgarian clan, 231
Ukrainians (Little Russians), 200
•Ulama, the, Murād I and, 668
Uldza, river, 630
Uljāitū, Mongol Īl-khān of Persia, becomes
Musulman, 178
Ulnia (Zeithun), in Armeno-Cilicia, 168
Ulubad, see Lopadium
Umago, and Venice, 412
Umar, claimant for the Bulgarian throne,
232
Ummán, 312
Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus, 139, 274 sq. ;
unorthodoxy of, 280 sqq. , 288; churches
built under, 289; 290 sq. ; 293; 300; and
the Shi'ites, 301; 641; naval power of,
741; emirs of Cordova, 38, 139, 274 sq. ;
see Caliphate, Caliphs
Uniates, in Armenia, 179, 182; Uniate Greeks
and Papacy, 594
University, of Constantinople, 44, 217, 248,
764; reopened by Constantine IX, 114;
at Latin Athens, 462; at Baghdad, 305;
at Kars, 162, 167; at Nishāpur, 306; of
Paris, Greek scholarships at, 616
Unrū Bulka, the Isfahsālār, rebels against
Barkiyāruq, 310
Vácz (Waitzen), bishopric of, founded, 214
Vahan Kamsarakan, Armenian leader
against the Persians, 157
Vaban Mamikonian, “the Wolf," Arme-
nian leader against Persians, 157
Vahka, Armeno-Cilician fortress, 168 sqq.
Vajk, former name of St Stephen of Hun-
gary, 9. v.
Vakhtang, Code of (Iberian), Byzantine in.
fluence on, 724
Valarsaces, Arsacid King of Armenia, 157
Valencia, tomb of the Empress Constance
at, 496
Valens, Emperor, 233; aqueduct of, 96
Valentinus, Byzantine ambassador to the
supreme khagan, 187 sq.
“Valerian, wall of," at Athens, 462
Valley of Flowers, at Ani, 163
Valois, see Catherine, Charles, Philip
Vámbéry, on Magyars, 194 sqq. ; on Patzinaks,
197
Van, kingdom of (Vaspurakan), in Armenia,
157, 161, 163; overrun by Seljūgs, 164;
166 sq. ; by Mongols, 181 sq. ; 318; fortress
of, 157, 167; lake of, 157
Vaband, in Armenia, 129; kingdom of,
founded by Mushel, 161; revolts against
Ashot I, 159, 162; given to Byzantines,


## p. 990 (#1032) ###########################################

990
Index
166; taken by Seljūgs, 167; King of, see
Gagik
Vandals, in Justinian's army, 738
Varangians, and Basil II, 88, 90, 209; de-
tachment in Sicily, 150; in Russia, 202
sqq. ; Byzantine bodyguard, 209, 327, 738,
750; in navy, 742; church of, at Constan-
tinople, 264; theory of foundation of
Russian Empire, 199 sq. ; see also Russians,
Scandinavians, Swedes
Varaztirots Bagratuni, Armenian curopa-
lates, 157
Vardan, Armenian rebel against Saracens,
126
Vardan Mamikonian, Armenian leader,
killed in the battle of Avaraïr, 155, 157
Vardar, river, 241, 508, 519, 533, 553, 737,
770
Varna, in Bulgaria, 230, 519, 549, 584;
Ottoman victory at, 462, 572 sq. , 624, 691
sq. , 696
564,566, 575; Table of colonies, 486; colo-
nies left after Ottoman conquest, 465; lost,
472; Serbia and, 535, 541 sq. , 546; su-
zerainty over Montenegro, 586 sq. ; Bosnia
and, 544, 556, 559, 574 sq. , 579; and
Balkans, Chap. XVII passim; and Theo-
dore I, 487; and Michael VIII, 609, 613;
617; 623; and Andronicus II, 657; aid
Boucicaut, 677; help to defend Constan-
tinople, 695; Byzantine navy and, 742; in
Constantinople, 750, 762 ; Byzantine in-
fluence on Venetian art, 776
Venice, see Venetians, Chap. XIII; Maritime
Venetia made into a separate ducatus, 387,
389, 392; SS. Cyril and Methodius at, 224;
Otto II at, 406; John y at, 618, 670;
John VIII at, 621; Manuel II. at, 678;
447; Byzantine psalter at, 769; peace of,
370, 372, 414
Venier, Venetian family, lordship of, in
Aegean, 436; see Tito
Veregava, Bulgarians defeat Constantine V
at, 231
Veria (Berrhoea), in Macedonia, 241; cap-
tured by Normans, 329
Vermandois, see Hugh, Philip
Verona, and Venice, 412; treaty of, 404;
Veronese lords in Euboea, 435, 451
Versinicia, battle of, 29, 35, 37, 233
Vestiarii, office of the, 730
Vest Sarkis Siwni, regent of Armenia, be-
trays country to Constantine IX, 164
Veszprém, bishopric of, founded, 214
Vetalonia, 503
Vetrano, Leo, Genoese pirate, threatens
Corfù, 432; executed, 434
Via Egnatia, threatened by Normans, 408
Viaro, Venetian family, lordshipof, in Aegean,
436
Vicenza, and Venice, 398
Victor II, Pope, and the Schism, 270
Vidin, Bulgarian fortress, 240 sq. ; captured
by Hungarians, 527, 554; 557; captured
by Ottomans, 561, 572; bishopric of, 243;
see Anne, John Sracimir, Michael
Viepna, Byzantine MSS. at, 768
Vigla, see Arithmus
Villehardouin, Geoffrey de, the bistorian,
negotiates with Venetians, 415; impres-
sion of Constantinople, 418; on booty of,
420, 745; 422; 433
Villebardouins of Achaia, 431; see Geoffrey,
Isabelle, William
Vincent of Beauvais, 515 note
Visdomino, of Venice, established at Ferrara,
410
Vita Basilii (Basil I), 711
Vita Clementis, 229
Vita Cyrilli (Pannonian legend), credibility
of, 216; 217 sq.
Vita Ignatii, 253
Vita Methodii (Pannonian legend), credibility
of, 216; 217 sq.
Vitalian, 386
Vitalis Candianus, doge of Venice, 403
768 sq.
Varyag, see Varangian
Vasak Mamikonian, Armenian general, 157
Vaspurakan, see Van
Vassal, John and James, messengers from
Mongols to Edward I of England, 176
Vatatzes, Andronicus, defeated by Seljūgs,
378
Vatatzes, John Ducas; see John III, Em-
peror
Vatatzes, lieutenant of Tornicius, executed
by Constantine IX, 111
Vatican, librarian of, see Anastasius; Bul.
garian MS. at, 549; Byzantine MSS. at,
Vatopedi, convent of, founded by Basil II,
90
Veccus, see John Beccus
Vefa-jāmió, see Theotokos, church of the
Veglia, submits to Venetians, 406
Velbužd (Köstendil), 492; battle of, 538 sq. ;
Murād I at, 557
Velehrad, in Moravia, 229
Velestino, fief of, 433
Venetia, 385 sq. , see Venice
Venetians, Chap. XIII; and Leo III, 9, 388;
18; and Charlemagne, 36, 395 sq. ; and
Basil II, 94, 138; fleet in Sicily, 135; de-
feat at Taranto, 136; at Bari, 149; and
Armenia, 173, 181; and Alexius I, 329 sq. ,
341, 347; and John II, 354; 362; and
Manuel, 368, 370 sq. ; and Fourth Crusade,
414, 604, Chap. xiv passim; share in par-
tition of Empire, 421, 427, 432, 434, 606;
and Baldwin II, 429, 431; 433; and Geof.
frey of Achaia, 438; 440; possessions in
Greece, 453, 457 sqq. , 461, 464; wars with
Ottomans, 466 sq. , 687 sq. ; administra-
tion of foreign possessions, 434 sqq. ; in
Cyprus, 469 sqq. ; and Rhodes, 494; in
Chios and Icaria, 468, 477; rising in Crete
against, 616; rivalry with Genoese, 469,
666; lose Gallipoli, 489; lose Salonica,
461, 690; colonies in Asia Minor, 480;
in Albania, 583 sqq. , 592; in Dalmatia,
555;


## p. 991 (#1033) ###########################################

Index
991
Vólosti, Russian city-states, 202 sq.
Volpiano, see William of
Vonitza, castle of, held by Leonardo Tocco,
465; annexed by Ottomans, 466
Vostitza, Venetian colony, 476
Votyaks, Ugrian tribe, 194
Vračar, 522 note
Vranina, sacred island on Lake Scutari,
586
Vrbas, Bosnian river, 581
Vrbitsa pass, in Bulgaria, 231
Vrdnik, monastery of, 558
Vrhbosna, in Bosnia, Ottomans in, 566 sq. ,
574, 582
Vsevolod, Russian prince, marriage to By.
zantine princess, 111
Vuk Branković, alleged treachery of, at Kos-
sovo, 558; rules at Priština, 559; 590
Vuk Lazarević, Serbian prince, and his
brother, 563
Vukan, son of Stephen Nemanja, 518; calls
in Hungarians, 519; 521; 590
Vukašin, King of Serbia, guardian of Stephen
Uroš V, 553; becomes king, 554; death in
battle, 555, 670; 590
Vukčić, Bosnian family, see Catherine,
Hrvoje, Stephen, Vladislav, Vlatko
Vusir (Wazir)āliavar, khagan of the Chazars,
and Justinian II, 189
Vyatiches, tributary to Russians, 207 sqq.
Vitalis Orseolo, bishop of Toroello, 407
Viterbo, treaty of, 444, 610; Palaeologus
legend at, 503
Vitichev, Russian fortress, 206
Vitoš, Mt, monastery at, 584
Vizier, see Wazir
Vizye, taken by John III, 430; sacked by
Ottomans, 695
Vlachia (Thessaly), 448, 543
Vlachs, see Wallachs
Vlad I, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vlad II, “the Devil,” Prince of Wallachia,
and Ottomans, 571; and Hunyadi, 572;
593
Vlad III, “the Impaler,” Prince of Wal.
lachia, 588; 593
Vlad IV, “the Monk,” Prince of Wallachia,
593
Vladika, prince-bishop of Montenegro, office
of, 587
Vladimir the Great, Prince of Kiev, 208
sqq. ; baptism and marriage of, 68, 89 sq. ,
264; 149; importance in Russian history,
210; ambassadors of, at St Sophia, 752
Vladimir, son of Boris of Bulgaria, 235, 237
Vladimir Monomachus, Prince of Kiev, 356,
368
Vladimir, town in Russia, conquered by Mon-
gols, 637
Vladimirko, Prince of Halicz, and the prince-
dom of Kiev, 368
Vladislav I (Wladisław), King of Poland and
Hungary, and Hunyadi, 571, 624; killed
at Varna, 572, 690 sq. ; Bosnia and, 574
Vladislav, King of Serbia, dispossesses his
brother, 522; 524; 590
Vladislav, King of Serbia, son of Stephen
Dragutin, imprisoned by his uncle, 534;
535; deposed, 536; 590
Vladislav Ī, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vladislav II, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vladislav, son of Stephen Vukčić, 580 sqq. ,
591
Vlastele, Vasteličići, Serbian nobles, 547
Vlastimir, Serbian prince, and the Bul.
garians, 235
Vlatko, son of Stephen Vukčić, 581; becomes
“Duke of St Sava,” 582; 591
Vlatko Hranić, Bosnian leader, at Kossovo,
558
Vodená, capital of Samuel of Bulgaria, 240;
waterfall of, 241; 243; captured by Nor-
mans, 329; Theodore Angelus rules at,
493; 494
Voijibna, “Caesar" of Serbia, and Matthew
Cantacuzene, 553
Vojeslav Vojnov, count of Hum, 591
Vojtěch, St (Adalbert), bishop of Prague,
converts Magyars, 213 sq.
Voleros, on the Maritza, 241
Volga, river (Turkish Itil, Atel), 184, 188,
191 sq. , 197 sq. , 202, 631, 636, 651
Volga Bulgars, 184 ; Volga-Bulgarian king-
dom, 192 sqq. , 202; see Bulgars (White)
Volkhov, river, 202 sq.
Volo, gulf of, 445
Waitzen, see Vácz
Walandar (probably Develtus), 212
Walid II, Umayyad Caliph, murder of, 121
Walid ibn Hishām, 121
Walinana, East Slay tribe, 200
Wallachia (Bulgaria beyond the Danube),
included in kingdom of Krum, 232, 234;
under Kalojan, 424; 518; foundation of
principality, 540; tributary to Turks, 560;
561; 567; 575; 669; rises against Turks,
688; 694; primate of, 520; Church in,
568; Table of rulers, 593
Wallachs (Vlachs), 240; at battle of the
Maritza, 555, 670; 685; at Kossovo, 692
sq. ; of Macedonia, 674; Wallach wife of
Stephen Uroš V, 549; of John Alexander,
548
"Walnut Mountain,” battle of, see Karydi
Walpert, Patriarch of Aquileia, 401
Walter of Brienne, becomes Duke of Athens,
449; defeat by the Catalans and death of,
450, 475
Walter of Brienne, the Younger, tries to re-
gain duchy of Athens, 453; subsequent
career, 454
Walter the Penniless, defeated by Seljūgs,
315
Wang Khan, defeated by Jenghiz Khan,
632; identified with “ Prester John,” 650
Wāqidi, Arab biographer and historian, 293
Wāsit, sacked by marauders, 276
Wathiq, Abbasid Caliph, 131
Wazir (Vizier), office of, under the Abbasids,
282 sqq. ; under Seljūgs, 313 sg.


## p. 992 (#1034) ###########################################

992
Index
Wittelsbach, Bavarian dynasty, 212
Wuchang, Chinese city, besieged by Mongols,
646
Welf I, duke of Bavaria, defeated by Seljūgs,
341
Welf, count (duke of Tuscany), and Con-
rad III, 368
Werner, bishop of Strasbourg, 97
West, the relations of Byzantium with: Leo
III and, 9 sq. ; Constantine V and, 17 sq. ;
Irene and, 20, 22, 24; recognition of the
Western Empire by Nicephorus I, 36,
394 sq. ; Theophilus and, 38; Basil I and
Louis II, 139; missions and embassies of
Constantine VII, 66, 260; Nicephorus II
and Otto the Great, 76 sq. , 260; embassy
of Gero, 80; Basil II and Crescentius, 91,
94; Constantine VIII and Conrad II, 97;
Otto II and Greek Italy, 149; Alexius I
and Henry IV, 329; John II and Lothar,
358; and Conrad III, 360; Manuel I and
Conrad III, 365 sqq. ; and Frederick I,
369 sqq. , 379; Henry VI and Byzantine
Empire, 416 sq. ; John III and Frederick II,
495, 608; Theodore's eulogy on Frederick
II, 496, 501; the Empire and Venice, 394,
398 sqq. , 402, 405 sq. , 408, 412; and
Papacy, see Chaps. IX, XIX; see also
Crusades, Papacy
Westberg, on Chazar bodyguard, 190; on
Dnieper river, 198
White Bulgars, see Bulgars
White Town (Sarkel), see Sarkel
Wiching, bishop of Nyitra, opposition to
St Methodius, 228 sq.
William I of Champlitte, Prince of Achaia,
founds principality, 422, 433 sq. ; death,
437; 474
William of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaia,
and Michael II of Epirus, 430; wars of,
440, 442; taken prisoner by Michael VIII,
442 sq. ,508; death, 444; and Rhodes, 494;
474
William, Duke of Athens, 446; 475
William I, King of Sicily, and Manuel I, 369
sq. , 596, 601; treaty with Venice, 412
William II, King of Sicily, and Manuel I,
370; 371 sq. ; 374; invades Byzantium,
383 sq. , 596, 603
William IX, duke of Aquitaine, 341
William of Grantmesnil, leader in First
Crusade, 339
William, marquess of Montferrat, supported
by Manuel I, 379
William, count of Nevers, crusade of, 341
William of Pavia, papal legate in France,
and Manuel I, 601
William of Volpiano, St, abbot of St Benig.
nus at Dijon, and Pope John XIX, 262
William of Rubruck, see Rubruquis
William of Tyre, chronicler, on numbers of
Turks, 655
William-Jordan, count of Cerdagne, and
Alexius I, 342
Winkler, on Magyar language, 195
Wintker, see Gunter
Witigis, King of the Goths, and Venetia,
385
Xerigordon, Crusaders defeated at, 337
Xerus, prefect of Constantinople, plots
against Alexius I, 342
Xiphias, Nicephorus, general of Basil II,
rebels, 95; victorious over Bulgarians,
241
Xiphilin, John, nomophylax, 110; teaches
law under Constantine IX, 114, 714; 719;
721 sq.
Xylocastron, turret on Byzantine ship of the
line, 743
Yadrintsev, N. , expedition of, to Central
Asia, 640
Yahyd, the Barmecide, Saracen general,
defeats Byzantines, 124; minister of
Hārūn, 283
Yahya, Saracen general, takes Tyana, 128
Yahya ibn 'Ali-at-Tabrizi, Arab lecturer, 306
Yaik (Ural), river, 197 sq. , 631, 651
Yaman, the, 312
Yamboli, in Bulgaria, 231
Yaminu-Amiri'l-Mu'minin, title bestowed on
ľughril Beg, 305
Yangtse Kiang, Chinese river, 645
Ya'qub, brother of Bāyazid, put to death by
him, 558, 673
Ya'qub, general of Bāyazīd, in the Morea,
675
Ya'qūb Arslān, brother of Mahomet, Dānish-
mandite ruler, 365, 375; 377
Ya'qūbi, Arab historian, 293
Yaqūt, Arab geographer, 194, 295
Yarmouth, herring trade of, 639
Yaropolk, son of Svyatoslav of Russia, 208
Yaroslav, prince of Russia, 111
Yaroslav, prince of Halicz, 381
Yazid II, Umayyad Caliph, 119 sq.
Yellow River, in China, 633
Yenisey, river, see Kien
Yeni-Shehr, taken by Ertughril, 655;
Osmān's capital transferred to, 659
Yenkin, ancient capital of North China, 632,
647
Yeshil-jāmi' (Green Mosque), at Brūsa, 688
Yesukai, Mongol chieftain, father of Jenghiz
Khan, 632
Yezdegerd II, Sasanid King of Persia, per-
secutes Armenians, 155
Yilderim (Thunderbolt), epithet applied to
Bāyazid I, 562, 674
Yolande (Jolanda), Latin Empress, wife of
Peter de Courtenay, Latin Emperor, re-
gency of, 427; 486
Yuan-Yuan (Yü-Küe-lü), Asiatic nomads,
185; overthrown by Turks, 186
Yugers, Ugrian tribe, 194
Yulun (Ogelen Eke), mother of Jenghiz
Khan, 632
Yunnan, Chinese province, 644
Yūnus, son of Seljūg, 303


## p. 993 (#1035) ###########################################

Index
993
Yūsuf, emir of Armenia, killed by Byzan.
tines, 131
Yūsuf, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, 182
Yusuf, ostikan of Azarbā'ījān, captures
Smbat I of Armenia, 160 sq.
Yusuf Barzami, murders Alp Arslan, 307
Zabel, daughter and heiress of Leo the Great
of Armeno-Cilicia, 174
Zabel, sister of Hethum II of Armeno-Cilicia,
178, 180 sq.
Žabljak, capital of Montenegro, 586; Turks
at, 587
Zaccaria, Genoese family of, in Chios, 455;
see Centurione, Maria
Zacharias, Pope, 17
Zacharias, bishop of Anagni, legate of Pope
Nicholas I, 248
Zagan, Turkish governor in the Morea, 465
Zāhir, Fățimite Caliph, agreement with
Constantine VIII, 97
Za'im, Ottoman military tenant, 664
Zain-ud-Din Ismāʻīl, Persian medical writer,
298
Zakariyā of Qazwin, Arab encyclopaedist
and geographer, 295
Zakonnik, Serbian code of law, 547
Zala, Pannonian river, 211
Zamakhsharī, famous commentator on the
Koran, 291
Zangi, 'Imād-ad-Din, prince of Mosul,
founder of Zangid dynasty, 299, 316 sq. ;
defeats King of Jerusalem, 359
Zangids, Atābeg dynasty, 315 sq.
Zante, ruled by Orsini, 432; under suze-
rainty of Naples, 446; Venetian, 466 sq. ,
473, 476
Zanzibar, 295
Zapetra (Sozopetra), in Saracen wars, 38,
121, 125, 128 sqq. ; captured by Basil I,
139
Zara, submits to Venetians, 406; Venetian
"counts” in, 412; Fourth Crusade cap-
tures, 416 sqq. , 604; 559; Ladislas of
Naples crowned at, 565
Zara Vecchia, captured by Venetians, 411
Zaützes, Stylianus, guardian and father-in-
law of Leo VI, 54, 56, 58, 256
“ Zealots” of Salonica, fourteenth century
communists, 760
Zeithun, see Ulnia
Zemarchus, Byzantine ambassador to the
Turks of Central Asia, 187
Zeta, the (Montenegro), original Serbian
Kingdom (Dioclea), 517; left to Vukan,
518 sq. ; 534; 542; Balsa family in, 553,
559, 564, 586; see of, 587: Table of rulers,
592; see also Dioclea
Zeus, Olympian, temple of the, at Athens,
459
Žiča, coronation church of Serbian kings,
521
Zichna, frontier town of John III, 492
Zigabenus, Euthymius, compiler of Alexius
I's theological treatise, 350; 766
Ziji-Malikshāhi, astronomical tables drawn
up by Omar Khayyam, 308
Ziyādatallāh, Agblabid emir of Africa, in
Sicily, 37, 134; death, 136
Zlatica, near Philippopolis, 571
Zobor, Benedictine monastery, in Hungary,
founded, 214
Zoë, Empress, daughter of Constantine VIII,
84,94,96 sq. ; marriage and accession of,98;
99 sq. ; marriage to Michael IV, 101 sqq. ;
adopts Michael V, 104; 105; exiled, 106,
319; joint reign with T8, 107;
marriage to Constantine IX, 108 sq.