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Capitol. --Veil. Pat. , 2, 8. ) At the election of Acid-
inus, M. Scipio declared him to be virum bonum,
egregiumqve chem. (Cic. , De Or. , 2, 64. )--III. L.
MANLICS, who was quiestor in B. C. 168 (lav. , 45,
i3\ is probably one of the two Manlii Acidini, who
are mentioned two years before as illustrious youths,
and of whom one was the son of M. Manlius, the
other of L. Manlius. (Lit. , 42, 49. ) The latter is
probably the same as the quaestor, and the son of No.
II. --IV. A young man who was going to pursue his
. -i mlics at Athens at the same time as young Cicero,
B. C. 45. (Cic. ad Alt. , 12,32. ) He is, perhaps, the
same Acidinus who sent intelligence to Cicero re-
specting the death of Marcellus. (Cic. ad Fam. , 4,
12. )
ACINDYNCS, GREGOKIDS (Tpifyoptof 'A/ttviSuvoj-), a
Greek monk, A. D. 1341, distinguished in the con-
troversy with the Hesychast or Quietist monks of
Mount Athos. He supported and succeeded Bar-
laam in his opposition to their notion that the light
which appeared on the Mount of the Transfiguration
was uncreated. The emperor, John Cantacuzenus,
took part (A. D. 1347) with Palamas, the leader of
the Quietists, and obtained the condemnation of
Acindynus by several councils at Constantinople, at
one especially in A. D. 1351. Remains of Acindy-
nus are, De Essentia et Operations DEI adversus im-
peritiam Gregorii Palama, <}? <:. , in "Variorum Pon-
Sificum ad Petrum Gnapheum Eutychianum Epis-
lol. ," p. 77, Gretser. , 4to, Ingolst. , 1616, and Car-
nun lambicum at Harcsibus Palamae, "Graecia; Or-
thodoxae Scriptores," by Leo. Allatius, p. 755, vol. 1,
4to, Rom. , 1652.
ACOETES ('Axomzf), according to Ovid (Met. , 3,
582, &c. ), the son of a poor fisherman In Maeonia,
who served as pilot in a ship. After landing at the
island of Naxos, some of the sailors brought with
them on board a beautiful sleeping boy, whom they
had found in the island, and whom they wished to
take with them; but Accetes, who recognised in the
boy the god Bacchus, dissuaded them from it, but
in vain. When the ship had reached the open sea,
the boy awoke, and desired to be carried back to
Naxos. The sailors promised to do so, but did not
keep their word. Hereupon the god showed him-
self to them in his own majesty: vines began to
twine around the vessel, tigers appeared, and the
sailors, seized with madness, jumped into the sea
and perished. Acoetes alone was saved and con-
veyed back to Naxos, where he was initiated in
the Bacchic mysteries, and became a priest of the
god. Hyginus (Fab. , 134), whose story, on the
whole, agrees with that of Ovid, and all the other
writers abo mention this adventure of Bacchus,
? ? call the^rew of the ship Tyrrhenian pirates, and
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? SUPPLEMENT.
irnople uy Inc Latins in 1204, down to the year
1261, when Michael Palreologus delivered the city
from the foreign yoke. The Mb", of this work was
found in the library of Georgius Cantacuzenus at
Constantinople, and afterward brought to Europe.
(Fatrinus, Bibl. Grose. , vol. 7, p. 768. ) The first
edition of this work, with a Latin translation and
notes, was published by Theodoras Douza, Lugd.
Batar. , 1614, 8vo; but a more critical one by Leo
AiluMiis, who used a Vatican MS. , and divided the
lext into chapters. It has the title Feapyiav TOV
Georgii Acropolita, magni Logotheta, Historia, &c. ,
Paris, 1651, fol. This edition is reprinted in the
"Corpus Byzantinorum Scriptorum," Venice, 1729,
vol. 12. This chronicle contains one of the most
remarkable periods of Byzantine history, but it is
so short that it seems to be only an abridgment of
another work of the same author, which is lost.
Acropolita perhaps composed it with the view of
giving it as a compendium to those young men
whose scientific education he superintended, after
his return from his first embassy to Bulgaria. The
history of Michael Palceologus by Pachymeres may
be considered as a continuation of the work of Acro-
polita. Besides this work, Acropolita wrote several
orations, which he delivered in his capacity as great
logotheta, and as director of the negotiations with
the pope; but these orations have not been publish-
ed. Fabricius (vol. 7, p. 471) speaks of a MS. which
has the title Ilepl TUV oiro tcriaeuf Koa/iov ITUV xat
nepi TUV (JaadevaavTuv /texP1 aAuaeuf Kovaravri-
mvxti'/. tuf. Georgius, or Gregorius Cypnus, who
has written a short encomium of Acropolita, calls
him the Plato and the Aristotle of his time. This
"encomium" is printed, with a Latin translation, at
the head of the edition of Acropolita by Th. Douza:
it contains useful information concerning Acropolita,
although it is full of adulation. Farther information
is contained in Acropolita's history, especially in the
latter part of it, and in Pachymeres, 4, 28; 6, 26, 34,
eeq.
ACTORIUS NASO, M. , seems to- have written a life
of Julius Caesar, or a history of his times, which
is quoted by Suetonius (Jul. , 9, 52). The time at
which he lived is uncertain, but from the way in
which he is referred to by Suetonius, he would al-
most seem to have been a contemporary of Caesar.
ACTUARIUS ('\KTovaptoc. ), the surname by which
an ancient Greek physician, whose real name was
Joannes, is commonly known. His father's name
was Zacharias; he himself practised at Constan-
inople, and, as it appears, with some degree of
credit, as he was honoured with the title of Aclu-
caiut, a dignity frequently conferred at that court
upon physicians. (Diet, of Ant. , p. 631, b. ) Very
little is known of the events of his life, and his date
is rather uncertain, as some persons reckon him to
have lived in the eleventh century, and others bring
him down as low as the beginning of the fourteenth.
He probably lived towards the end of the thirteenth
century, as one of his works is dedicated to his tu-
tor, Joseph Racendytes, who lived in the reign of
Andronicus II. Pateologus, A. D. 1381-1328. One
of his schoolfellows is supposed to have been Apo-
cauchus, whom he describes (though without na-
ming him) as going upon an embassy to the north.
fDe Meth. Med. , Prasf. in 1, 2, p. 139, 169. )
One of his works is entitled Ilepi 'Evepyeiuv xal
? ? Tladav TOV ifvxlicov Hvev/MTOf, Kai riff HUT" avTO
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? 1414
SUPPLEMENT.
not to have ;>een a regular family-name of the Furia
gens, but only a surname given to this person, ol
which a similar example occurs in the following
article.
C. ACULKO, a Roman knight, who married the
sister of Helvia, the mother of Cicero. He was
surpassed by no one in his day in his knowledge 01
Hhe Roman law, and possessed great acuteness of
mind, but was not distinguished for other attain
mcnts. He was a friend of L. L'icinius Crassus
and was defended by him upon one occasion. Th<
ton of Aculeo was C. Visellius Varro; whence it
would appear that Aculeo was only a surname given
to the father from his acuteness, and that his full
name was C. . Visellius Varro Aculeo. (Cic. , De Or. .
1,43; 2, 1, 65; Brut. , 76. )
ACUMENIIS ('Ajtmy/evof), a physician of Athens,
who lived in the fifth century before Christ, and is
mentioned as the friend and companion of Socrates.
(Plat. , Pkadr. , mil. --Xen. , Mentor. , 3,13, $ 2. ) He
was the father of Eryximachus, who was also a
physician, and who is introduced as one of the
speakers in Plato's Symposium. (Plat. , Protag. ,
p. 315, c. ; Syrnp. , p. 176, c. ) He is also mentioned
in the collection of letters first published by Leo
AUatius, Paris, 1637, 4to, with the title EpisL. So-
cratis et Socraticorum, and again by Orellitis, Lips. ,
1816, 8vo, ep. 14, p. 31.
AD. SUS or ADD^EUS ("AcSofof or 'AJJoiof), a Greek
epigrammatic poet, a native, most probably, of Ma-
cedonia. The epithet Manciovoc. is appended to
his name before the third epigram in the Vat. MS.
(Anth. Gr. , 6, 228); and the subjects of the second,
eighth, ninth, and tenth epigrams agree with this
account of his origin. He lived in the time of Alex-
ander the Great, to whose death he alludes. (Anth.
Gr. , 7, 240. ) The fifth epigram (Anth. Gr. , 7, 305)
is inscribed 'A&tat'ov MirvXifvai'ov, and there was a
Mitylensean of this name, who wrote two prose
works, Hept 'Ayatyaroirotuv, and Ilcpl btadcoeuc. .
(Aihen. , 13, p. 606, A; 11, p. 471, F. j The time
when he lived cannot be fixed with certainty.
Keiske, though on insufficient grounds, believes
these two to be the same person. (Anth. Grccc. ,
6, 228, 258; 7, 51, 238, 240, 305; 10, 20. --Brunei,
Anal. , 2, p. 224. --Jacobs, 13, p. 831. )
ADAMANTIUS ('Aia/jdvTtof), an ancient physician,
hearing the title of lalrosophisla (iorpucuv %>yuv
oojiaTrif ? Socrates, Hist. Eccles. , 7, 13), for the
meaning of which see Diet, of Ant. , p. 628.
Little
is known of his personal history, except that he
was by birth a Jew, and that he was one of those
who fled from Alexandrea at the time of the expul-
sion of the Jews from that city by the Patriarch St.
Cyril, A. D. 415. He went to Constantinople, was
persuaded to embrace Christianity, apparently by
Atticus, the patriarch of that city, and then return-
ed to Alexandrea. (Socrates, I. c. ) He is the au-
thor of a Greek treatise on physiognomy, fyvaioyvu-
uovixd, in two books, which is still extant, and
which is borrowed, in a great measure (as he him-
self confesses, 1, Proasm. , p. 314, ed. Franz. ), from
Polemo's work on the same subject. It is dedi-
cated to Constantius, who is supposed by Fabricius
(Biblixh. Grccca, vol. 1, p. 171; 13, 34, ed. vet. ) to
ne the person who married Placidia, the daughter
of Theodosius the Great, and who reigned for seven
? ? months in conjunction with the Emperor Honorius.
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? S U P P I ? M E N T.
tne oooks upon the work of Theophrastus, entitled
Urpi 'H06v, to which he added a sixth book upon the
\icomachian Ethics of Aristotle. (Alhen. , 15, p.
673. e, with Schweighauser's note. )
ADRANCS CA<Jpaviif), a Sicilian divinity who was
worshipped In all the island, but especially at Adra-
nus, a town near Mount jEtna. (Flat. , Timol, 12.
--Diodor. , 14, 37. ) Hesychius (t. v. HaitKoi) rep-
resents the god as the father of the Palici. Accord-
ing to jElian (Hist. Anim. , 11, 20), about 1000 sa-
cred d. Jgs were kept near his temple. Some modern
critics consider this divinity to be of Eastern origin,
and connect the name Adranus with the Persian
Adar (fire,) and regard him as the same as the
Phoenician Adramelech, and as a personification of
? the sun, or of fire in general. (Bochart, Geograpk.
Sacra, p. 530. )
ADRASTUS ('ASaaaro;), I. a son of Talaus, king o!
Argos, and of Lysimache. (Apollod. , 1, 9, ? 13. )
Pausanias (2, 6, <j 3) calls his mother Lysianassa,
and Hyginus (Fab. , 69) Eurynome. (Comp. Schol. ad
Eurip. , Phan. , 423. ) During a feud between the
most powerful houses in Argos, Talaus was slain
by Amphiaraus, and Adrastus, being expelled from
his dominions, fled to Polybus, then king of Sicyon.
When Polybus died, without heirs, Adrastus suc-
ceeded him on the throne of Sicyon, and during his
reign he is said to have instituted the Nemcan
games (Ham. , U. , 2, 572. --Find. , Nem. , 9, 30, &c.
--Herod. , 5, 67. -- Paus. , 2, 6, t) 3. ) Afterward,
however, Adrastus became reconciled to Amphiara-
ns, gave him his sister Eriphyle in marriage, and
returned to his kingdom of Argos. During the time
he reigned there, it happened that Tydeus of Caly-
don, and Polynices of Thebes, both fugitives from
their native countries, met at Argos, near the pal-
ace of Adrastus, and came to words, and from words
to blows. On hearing the noise, Adrastus hastened
to them and separated the combatants, in whom he
immediately recognised the two men that had been
promised to him by an oracle as the future husbands
of two of his daughters; for one bore on his shield
the figure of a boar, and the other that of a lion, and
the oracle was, that one of his daughters was to
marry a boar, and the other a lion. Adrastus,
therelore, gave his daughter De'ipyle to Tydeus, and
Argeia to Polynices, and at the same time promised
to lead each of these princes back to his own coun-
try. Adrastus now prepared for war against Thebes,
although Amphiaraus foretold that all who should
engage in it should perish, with the exception of
Adrastus. (Apollod. , 3, 6, 4 1, &c. --Hygin. , Fat. ,
69, 70. )
Thus arose the celebrated war of the "Seven
against Thebes," in which Adrastus was joined by
six other heroes, viz. , Polynices, Tydeus, Amphia-
raus, Capaneus, Hippomedon, and Parlhenopxus.
Instead of Tydeus and Polynices, other legends
mention Eteoclos and Mecisteus. This war ended
as unfortunately as Amphiaraus had predicted, and
Adrastus alone was saved by the swiftness of his
horse Aieion, the gift of Hercules. (Horn. , II. , 23,
346, &c. - -Paus. , 8, 25, $ 5. --Apollod. , 3, 6. ) Creon
of Thebes refusing to allow the bodies of the six
heroes to be buried, Adrastus went to Athens and
implored the assistance of the Athenians. Theseus
was persuaded to undertake an expedition against
rhebes: he took the city, and' delivered up the bod-
? ? es of the fallen Heroes to their friends for burial.
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? 41G
SUPPLEMEM.
rum, recommended by Photiiis (No. 2. ) to beginners,
edited by Dav. Hoeschel, 4to, Aug. Vindel. , 1608,
and among the Critici Sacri, fol. , Loud. , 1660.
. Eacus (Alaxof), a son of Jupiter and ^? gina, a
daughter of the river-god Asopus. He was born in
the island of CEnone or CEnopia, whither . Egina
bad been carried by Jupiter to secure her from the
anger of her parents, and whence this island was
afterward called -Egina. (Apollod. , 3, 12, ? 6. --
Uygin. , Fab. , 52. --Paus. , 2, 29, y 2. --Comp. Nonn,
Dionys. , 6, 212. -- Ovid, Met. , 6, 113; 7, 472,4c. )
According to some accounts, . Eacus was a son of
Jupiter and Europa. Some traditions related that,
at the time when . -Eacus was born, -lEgina was not
yet inhabited, and that Jupiter changed the ants
{/ji/mtiKer) of the island into men (Myrtnidones),
oier whom . Eacus ruled, or that lie made men
grow up out of the earth. (Hcs. , Fragm. , 67, cd.
GotUing. ^Apollod. , 3, 12, $ 6. --Foot. , I. c. ) Ovid
(Met. , 7, 520--Comp. Hygin. , Fab. , bi. --Slrab. , 8,
p. 375), on the other hand, supposes that the isl-
and was not uninhabited at the time of the birth
of . -Eacus, and states that, in the reign of . -Eacus,
Juno, jealous of . Egina, ravaged the island bearing
the name of the latter, by sending a plague or a
tearful dragon into it, by which nearly all its inhab-
itants were carried off, and that Jupiter restored the
copulation by changing the ants Jnto men. These
jegends, as Miiller justly remarks (Mginelica), are
nothing but a mythical account of the colonization
of JEgma, which seems to have been originally in-
habited by Pelasgians, and afterward received col-
onists from Phthiotis, the seat of the Myrmidones,
and from Phlius on the Asopus. . -Earns, while he
reigned in -lEgina, was renowned in all Greece for
his justice and piety, and was frequently called upon
to settle disputes, not only among men, but even
wuong the gods themselves. (Find. , lath. , 8, 48, etc.
--Pousau. , 1, 39, Y 6. ) He was such a favourite
with the latter, that, when Greece was visited by
a drought, in consequence of a murder which had
been committed (Diod. , 4, 60, 61. -- Apollod, 3, 12,
v 6), the oracle of Delphi declared that the calam-
ity would not cease unless . Eacus prayed to the
gods that it might; which he accordingly did, and
it ceased in consequence. -Eacus himself showed
his gratitude by erecting a temple to Zeus Panhel-
lenius on Mount Panhellenion (Pout. , 2, 30, Y 4), and
the ^Eginetans afterward built a sanctuary in their
i aland called iEaceum, which was a square place en-
closed by walls of white marble. . /Eacus was be-
lieved, in later times, to be buried under the altar in
this sacred enclosure. (Paus. , 2, 29, v 6. ) A legend
preserved in Pindar(CW. , 8,39,&c. )relates that Apollo
and Neptune took . Eacus as their assistant in build-
ing the walls of Troy. When the work was comple-
ted, three dragons rushed against the wall, and while
the two of them which attacked those parts of the
wall built by the gods fell down dead, the third
forced its way into the city through the part built
by . <Eacus. Hereupon Apollo prophesied that Troy
would fall through the hands of the . Eaculs. -E;i-
tus was also believed by the jEginetans to have sur-
rounded their island with high cliffs to protect it
against pirates. (Paus. , 2, 29, Y 5. ) Several other
incidents connected with the story of -Eacus are
mentioned by Ovid (Mclam, 7, 506, &c. ; 9, 435,
? ? &c). By Endeis -Earns had two son3, Telamon
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? SUPPLEMENT.
ill?
it . Egffirn, who compelled Ihe gods to desist from
their intention. (Horn.