bishop of Saltzburgh 1—that city so romantically situated on the Salza River, which flows into the Inn, and under the range of the towering
Carinthia—n
or Rhcetian chain of high-peaked Alpine mountains.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v6
*
saint,
1 who
on missionary work in Ireland, with great spiritual advantage to her people.
we have inserted the Life of this illustrious
of
3 See " of the Irish Proceedings Royal
Academy, Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp. 104, 105.
* A. D. 941, according to Dr. O'Donovan's
"Annals of Four Masters. " vol. ii. , pp. 646,
647.
s Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
engaged
5th
April,
saint,
182, 183. Article v.
—
*
Edited by Rev. Dr.
xxviii.
2 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
xxix.
Article vii.
Kelly, p.
182, 183. Article vi.
—
See the Fourth Volume of this work, at the 30th of April, for some
Scotorum. " 2"
:
viii.
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii
Thus
In Buchania Stellani
the— feasts, Among pretermitted p.
x
In his "Menologium
notices of St. Suitbert, Art. 2
suos ad Romanum — observandi pascatis
*
See the Fourth
qui
ritum deduxit, B. BT. "
Art. ii.
2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii xxix. Among the pretermitted saints,
"KalendarsofScottish
3 See Thomas Dempster's " Historia Ec-
clesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , num. 1049, P- 584-
p. 396. Article ix.
—
*
In the "Leabhar
Breac"
presbyteri,
xxix.
Article viii.
396. Volume
Bishop Forbes' Saints," p. 204.
of this work, at the 5th of April,
4 "
lib. i.
reliquos, lib. i. He is said to be named in
the Epistle of Hilarius, Archpresbyter to the Scottish Churches, and written under the name of Honorius. For such statement Dempster cites tcmus iii. , Conciliorum, cap. xix. , p. lxiii.
s tomus
See "Acta Sanctorum," v. , Junii
*
De Paschate celebrando,
Scripsit
Epistolas ad Joannem, Hilarium et
the— saints, p. 396. Among pretermitted
826 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 30.
In a Manuscript Florarius, the 29th of June is set apart for the feast of his canonization, and at this date the Bollandists a also commemorate him.
Article IX. —Festival of St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles.
In the early Irish Church, the great Apostles, St. Peter and St. Paul, were held in the highest veneration, and their festival was celebrated on the 29th of June, as we find it entered in the "Feilire " x of St. ^Engus. A commen-
is 2 in which St. Paul is described, as of the tribe of Ben- tary attached, being
jamin, that he was born at Tarsus, in Cilicia, that he was taught at the feet of Gamalel, that he was converted to the faith on the way to Damascus, and that he thrice suffered shipwreck ; while Simon Peter was the son of Jona, of the province of Gallia (Galilea), ot the city Bestatta (Bethsaida), brother of AndrewtheApostle,andhewasalsocalledCephas. Itisadded,moreover, that both suffered martyrdom under the truly infamous Nero. The most learned and critical investigation regarding the Acts of St. Peter and St. Paul —those two great Apostolic luminaries of the Christian Church—has been entered upon by the Bollandists,^ at this date, their chief solemnity. A Pre- vious Commentary « introduces certain ancient Acts, in the Greek s and
Latin 6 and these language,
to of their Lives and give particulars
profess
Martyrdom. 7 Analectafollowintwentysectionsandtwohundredandtwenty-
six paragraphs, written by Father Daniel Papebroke, S. J. , with copper-plate illustrations of interesting objects, connected with the memory of both
As their Lives are found written in all saint collections, we shall not dwell longer on the introduction of the great solemnity, which the Univer- sal Church celebrates annually on the 29th day of June.
Cbirtietb Sap of June,
ARTICLE I. —ST. ERENTRUDIS, OR ERENTRUDE, VIRGIN ABBESS OF NUNBERG, BAVARIA.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES.
holy virgins in our ancient Church were very mindful of the counsel
Apostles.
tofastandabstainas THE
ofDivineGrace and, ;
the rigid discipline of penitential times, their abstemiousness was rewarded with abundant manifestations of strength from above, and with perseverance in con-
copy, the following stanza is found. The
*
English —translation is
by Dr. Whitley
Stokes
:
xxix.
Pctro et Paulo, pp. 398 to 475.
£eit, poil a^uf pec*i{\ CotiAi'oble angrxccliA tlircAr»CA •ocilm cacha peiL jror» bjuniTOib bechA.
*
"The feast of Paul and Peter with the vast- ness of crying unto them : the noise of battle which—is on the world's breasts surpasseth it
of of
not. " "Transactions the Royal Irish See Rome.
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus, by
Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , p.
xcvi.
Notes appended have been added, by Article I. — ' See Le Livredu Chevalier
preservative
during
See Hid. , p. cviii.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii
This was written, by Father Godefrid Ilenschen, S. J. , and by Father Conrad Janning, S. J. , in five sections and fifty-four
paragraphs.
5 This was taken from the Vatican Li-
brary, with a Latin version by Jacobus Sirlet.
6
This has been attributed to St. Linus, disciple and successor of St Peter, in the
De Sanctis
1
Father Godefrid Ilenschen.
Principibus Apostolorum,
June 30. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 827
tinency. A French noble advised his daughters so long as they were single, to fast three days in the week, the better to mortify the flesh, and to live
1
chastely and holily for the service of God.
wished them to fast, at least on Friday, in memory of the precious blood and passion of Jesus Christ, who suffered on that day for us. This, he remarks, is a marvellous propitiation, and for it, God will have us in his keeping and
2
repay us in the double.
At the 30th of June, Colgan intended to insert the Acts 3 of St. Erentrudis,
virgin, as would appear from his list of Irish Saints, published by Charles MacDonnell, Esq. 4 Henry Fitzsimon s has classed her among the Saints of Ireland, but without assigning the date for her festival. In their Legendary for the month of June, the Canons Regular of Bodensee Monastery in West- phalia appear to have had special Lessons in an office for St. Erendrude. 6 The Bollandists have published a previous commentary, and Acts of St. Erentrude, at this date. ? The Third Volume of the " Acta Sanctorum
8
OrdinisS. Benedicti," contains the Life of St. Erendrude, Abbess.
This holy virgin, from an early age consecrated to God in the religious state, is said by some writers to have been a sister to St. Rupert, bishop of Saltzburg, whose festival was celebrated on the 27th March. In Colgan's work, at the same day, there are a few brief notices ; but, in the Bollandist collection, there is no special feast assigned for her, at that particular date. Already there are some particulars concerning her recorded in the Life of her 10 Init,wefindhercalledarelationtohim while
12
brotherSt. some writers state,
Rupert. 11
reputed
;
that she was his niece, according to Rev. Dr. Lanigan.
He does not consider, however, that she had anything to do with Ireland,
although such an opinion has long prevailed in Germany. ^ She seems to have been born, towards the middle of the sixth century.
In St. Rupert's Life, it is stated, that from Ireland she travelled to Rome
with both her brothers, St. Trudbert l * and St. Rupert. They returned in
company together from Italy to Germany; when, at Prysgangia or Brisgangia near the Hyrcinian forest, St. Trudbert parted from them, and soon after- wards he obtained the martyr's crown. Thence, Rupert and Erentrude journeyed along the Rhine, until they reached Bormatia. 's now known as Worms. 16 Over this city, Rupert presided as Bishop, but he was driven from it with violence about the year 580. Afterwards, he visited Rome, and then he returned once more to Bavaria, Austria and Pannonia. At last, he became
de La Tour Landry.
2 See Alexander Vance's "Romantic
Episodes of Chivalric and Mediaeval
France," p. 280.
3 As we find from the "
Miracles, in fourteen paragraphs, pp. 34810355.
9 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," xxvii. Martii. De S. Erentrude Abbatissa
Actuum Sanctorum quae MS. habentur, ordine Men-
770.
I0 See the Third Volume of this work, at
sium et Dierum. "
* See " Academy. "
of the
Royal
Irish
March 27th, Art. ii.
" See Rader's " Bavaria
Sancta,"
tomus
6 Thus
'3
—Rader states
to her call into "
Proceedings
5 In "Catalogus aliquorum Sanctorum "
tomus i. , p. 42.
" See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
Catalogus
Nunbergensi, p.
Hiberniae. " See O'Sullevan Beare's His- land," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, vi. , n. 65, toriae Catholicse Iberniae Compendium," p. 164.
i. , lib. iv. ,
commencing Incipit
Alluding :
cap.
xii. , "
p. 54.
Salzburgh, Evocatam hanc e Francia. "
Vita bea- tissimae Virginis Erendrudis, quae in Salis- burgensi ecclesia corporaliter requiescit, quae
celebratur pridie Kalendas Julii. "
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii xxx. , pp. 580 to 586.
8 It is given in seven paragraphs, and there is a fragment of a Book, relating
7
April.
'5 Alsocalled
Augusta Vangionum, by the
:
If they could not thus fast, he
"Bavaria Sancta," tomus
p. 42.
i. ,
M His festival is held, on the 26th of
Romans.
l6 This town is about one mile distant
from the Rhine, which anciently washed its
828 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 30.
bishop of Saltzburgh 1—that city so romantically situated on the Salza River, which flows into the Inn, and under the range of the towering Carinthia—n or Rhcetian chain of high-peaked Alpine mountains. The citadel here no longer kept in repair —stands on a bold and commanding rock. One of its
is cut a solid — feet in feet in — gateways through rock, being 300 length, 30 height,
I0
and 24 in breadth. The cathedral here Italian in style of architecture
Salzburg, Upper Austria.
is an imposing structure, and of great historical interest. * There can hardly be a doubt, but St. Erentrude shared in the vicissitudes, hardships and perse-
cutionsofherdistinguishedbrother; althoughherpersonalityislostsightof in his Acts, until we learn, that he built for her a monastery, at a place called
Nunberg. This idea was of her own suggestion ; for, she most earnestly
desired to assist her brother in his missionary labours, among a rude and half-
civilized people. This nunnery of St. Erendrude was situated without the
fortifications of 31 and on a hill. this Salzburg, neighbouring Anciently,
place
was known as the Cell, and called by such a name. "
From accounts that have come to us, it would seem, she had a place
among the Wangiones, in the city of Worms. St. Rupert had built a suitable houseofreceptionforherselfandhernuns,nearSalzburgh;*3 while,shefelt greatly delighted to join him there. That house had been consecrated to the Blessed Virgin. When she arrived at Salzburgh, St. Rupert accosted her thus :
walls. It was the seat of many Diets of the German Empire. See Murray's M Hand- book for Travellers to the Continent," sect, viii. , Route 102, p. 515.
17 He is supposed to have established him- self there about the year 616.
11 See "The Popular Encyclopedia; or Conversations Lexicon," vol. vi. , p. 85.
'» See " Gazetteer of the World/' vol. xi. , p. 418.
"° The general appearance of this cele- brated city is here presented as an illustra-
tion, copied from a local photograph. It
was drawn by William F. Wakeman upon
the wood, engraved by Mrs. Millard.
" Sometimes Latinized Vivaricnis Civitas, and sometimes Vivariense Castrum ; owing it is stated to the number of leaping streams nearit, andcomingdownthesidesofthe
neighbouring mountains.
"
According to Viguleus Hundius, in Metropoli Salisburgensi, tomus ii. , p. 594.
"3 According to Rader, this house was
founded hy Rcginotrude, the wife of Thco- "
don, Duke of Bavaria. See Bavaria Sancta," tomus i.
June 3 o. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 829 " My revered sister, know why I have brought you hither? " She replied :
as our Lord Christ revealed it to me in Jesus
" I know it Yes, Father,
well,
spirit, saying, go in peace where you are called, and lo, I am with you ; I shall
bring to you great numbers of pious women, who, through your example con- ductedinthepathwaysoftruereligion,shallfinallycometome. " WhenSt. Rupertheardthesewords,hegavethankstotheAlmighty. Itissaid,that Theodobert, Duke of Bavaria, aided in building this religious house, and that he liberally endowed it, while he took care, that the memory of his father Theodon, converted by St. Rupert, should be remembered in the prayers of those holy virgins there serving Christ in the religious state. After some time, numberless pious virgins and holy matrons flocked to her religious establish- ment; andoverthese,shepresidedwithsuchconsummateprudence,that soon they were trained to all the duties of perfect nuns.
An account of the remarkable vision, touching the death of her illustrious
relation St. Rupert, will be found in Acts of the latter, published by the Bol-
landists. 24 ShepresidedasfirstAbbessatNunbergoveracommunityofpious
virgins, some time after the beginning of the seventh century. About the year
627 or 628, when St. Rupert had a divine monition, that his days on earth were
nearly numbered, he held an interview with his beloved sister, and revealed
his approaching departure to her, while he requested her to pray for his soul, that the Almighty would vouchsafe to receive it into Heaven. This announce-
ment drew tears to her eyes, and she immediately replied in a sorrowing
:
mood " If this should happen, my Lord, as you state, is it not more expe-
dient that I should depart before you ? " The holy Bishop answered her :
" My dearest sister, do not desire importunately and prematurely to hasten
your passage from this world, as it should be a great sin so to do; since our
death depends not on our wish, but on the disposition of Divine Providence. "
Whereupon, St. Erentrude in tears fell upon her knees at the feet of St.
"
remember, I beseech that from thee,
My paternal Lord,
We are informed, that after St. Rupert's death, St. Erentrude persisted tearfully in prayer by day and night for the soul of her relation, while her vigilswereprolonged,withthehopeofhavingherearnestwishescrowned. One
"
Come, my dearest sister, into the kingdom of Christ, for which thou has so long laboured. " Awaking as it were from a dream, she then returned thanks to the Almighty. Soonafterwards,seriousillnessfelluponher. Then,callinghersisterstoher bedside,shelovinglyexhortedthem. HavingreceivedtheHolyEucharist, she gave them severally the kiss of peace, and then calmly rendered her soul into the keeping of her Divine Redeemer. The date for her death has not been recorded, but it occurred, probably, about a. d. 630. Her sacred remains were brought into Salzburgh, and there embalmed. They were afterwards deposited with great reverence, in the crypt of the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin, the day before the July Kalends, at which date her chief feast is com-
Rupert, saying :
my country thou has brought me hither, and now you intend to leave me miserable and an orphan. One request only have I now to make, that if I deserve not to die before or with thee, that at least, soon after thy departure to Heaven, I may have a much-desired release from earth, through thy inter- cession. " The holy Bishop Rupert assented to this her petition, and then both began a colloquy on the happiness of life eternal. So tender was their conversation and the flow of natural sympathy, during this affecting juncture, that both separated, while tears flowed plenteously from their eyes.
night, he appeared to her in a vision, and saying to her :
24 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xxvii. De S. Rudberto seu Ruperto
Boiorum Apostolo Episcopo Salisburgensi
in Germania. Vita II. Ex MS. Rubeae-
Vallis, cap. ii. , pp. 705, 706.
2
5 This illustrious Irish saint flourished in
830 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 30.
memorated. Several very remarkable miracles were wrought at her tomb,
and through the intercession of this holy virgin, whose memory was so greatly
revered by the people. In consequence of those miracles, it is stated, that
St. 2* of
Virgil, Bishop Salzburg,
had her canonized,26 and her afterwards,
remains were translated, in order to be more publicly honoured.
In course of ages, the monastery of St. Erentrude suffered from hostile incursions and from incendiarism, so that it had been reduced to a heap of ruins. Afterwards, the Emperor Henry II. , surnamed the Pious, resolved on the restoration of this religious establishment, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and to St. Erendrude. This distinguished Imperator is stated to have been subject to epilepsy, which his physicians could not cure ; but, when he came to the tomb of St. Erendrude, and had prayed there, he obtained some of her relics, which he enclosed in a golden locket, and wore suspended from hisneck. Afterwards,hewasrelievedfromthatinfirmity,andasatokenof gratitude, he presented two golden calcaria to ornament her tomb. 27 About the year 1024, the Emperor Henry II. of Germany, having effected the restora-
28
tion of St. Erentrude's monastery, or rather having rebuilt it ;
the chief altar
in the crypt, and two others, are said to have been consecrated by Balduin,
2
Archbishop of Salzburgh, about the year io4i. 9 This monastery of St.
Erentrude was liberally endowed by the aforesaid Emperor. It is stated, furthermore, that the church so renovated had been consecrated to the Blessed Virgin and to St. Erentrude, by Archbishop Hertwic, the Emperor himself
assisting. Afterwards, the body of St. Erentrude was removed with great reverence, from the ancient tomb in which it had so long lain, to a crypt beneath the middle altar, where it reposed in the beginning of the fourteenth century. It seems possible, also, that a subsequent Translation took place. The year 1305 is that generally assigned for the Translation of St. Erentrude's relics, at Nunberg, and the day was on the 3rd of September. This was kept as a holyday by the citizens, and on it they abstained from all servile works. Anofficecommemoratingthissolemnitywasalsorecitedbythenuns. This translation of her relics, to the crypt of the church in which they are now preserved, was most probably on the 3rd of September, which is a feast kept in her honour. 3°
About the beginning of the fourteenth century, one Caesarius, a chaplain in
Nunberg, and who had served in that capacity for twenty-eight years, relates a number of miracles wrought through the intercession of St. Erentrude, as he hadlearnedthemfromvarioussources notalonefromthenuns,butfrom
;
externs worthy of trust. This account is still more interesting, owing to the
traditional lights it throws on the history of Nunberg, as on the Acts of its holy Patroness. The festival of this holy virgin is commemorated in a Manuscript Florarius and by Philip Ferrarius. In like manner, Arnold Wion,Menard,Bucelin,andPetrusCanisiusrecordhermemory. AnOffice Book, printed for the church of Salzburgh a. d. 1585, has Nine Lessons in her praise. According to the Martyrology of Andrew Saussay, the chief feast of
the eighth century, and his festival occurs, at the 27th of November.
26 This could not have been a canoniza- tion, according to the modern rite ; but, it is likely to have represented some solemn pronouncement of a similar character, cus- tomary at that period.
27 Such is the account given by Caesarius,
in his Additions to the work of Viguleius Hundius.
^ This however seems to have been an anachronism, as Baldwin was not then Archbishop of Salzburg, but rather Hartwic, according to the "Chronica Archiepiscopo- rum Salisburgensium. "
the who adds: " curia tomus v. , xxx. De S. Eren- chaplain, quibus rum," Junii
quaedam in Austria, dicta Vladniz, compa-
rata, adhuc ipsi Monasteriodeservit. "
trude, Virg. Abbatissa Salisburgi in Bavaria, Commentarius I'raevius, num. I to 9, pp.
580 to 582.
»*
This is stated by Christopher Gewold,
3° See the Bollandists'
"
Acta Sancto-
June 30. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 831
St. Erentrude, by some writers called the sister, and by others, the niece, of St. Rupert, Bishop of Saltzburg, was celebrated on this day. At the 30th of
Thomas
least31 for St. Erentrudis.
in his " Scotorum," has entered a Menologium
June,
Dempster,
All countries and places, from north to south, from east to west, prove incontestably the primitive and religious influence that ancient Ireland con- ferred on Europe. 32 Thus, as in the case of St. Erentrude, her very example and her well-regulated morals brought her numerous disciples and imitators to share her gifts, while she was most sedulous in watching over their spiritual concerns. She even regarded the salvation of one person as affecting her own hopesofsalvation. Shewassympatheticintheirmisfortunesasintheirsuccess; while she felt as if what happened to one of them ought to be personal to herself. Her almsgiving, continence and abstinence were the virtues which greatly distinguished her life ; while these graces lent a lustre to her probity of morals, to her untiring vigils, and to the numberless evidences of sanctity which rendered her a chief ornament of the religious state.
Article II. —St. Fatlbe of Cill-eo, County of Longford. The
x
publishedMartyrologyofDonegal seemstoplacethissaint,togetherwith
2
St. Caolan, at Cill-eo, for the 30th of June. However, the Irish Calendar, belonging to the Royal Irish Academy, has a different entry, as we shall see, when treating about St. Caolan. Of this saint, it remarks, that he was of the
Clan Ruighre, and that his place was Cill-eo, in the County of Longford.
Article III. —St. Coelan Dahoc, or Caolan. In the Martyrology
ofTallagh,
entered, name a St.
1 a festival in honour of Coelan Dahoc is
at the of 30th
2 Marianus O'Gorman and Charles
June. Maguire
Coelan,
for
this day. 3 The Martyrology of Donegal* records the name as Caolan, together with Failbhe of Cill-eo, at this same date. The Irish Calendar in the Royal Irish Academy has a fuller entry in reference to both these saints. There is, however, an apparent discrimination of places. s
Article IV. —St. Sproc or Sporoc, Daughter of Colum. Venera-
tion was given, at the 30th of June, to Sproc, or Sporoc, daughter of Colum
or Coluim, as we find inserted in the of * and of Martyrologies Tallagh
2'
Donegal.
Article V. —Festival of St. Adilia, Abbess and Virgin, of Aldorp, Brabant. Atthe30thofJune,inhisScottishMenology,ThomasDempster
1
for Adilia, a Scottish Virgin, and connected with Belgium.
2
has a festival
She is mentioned by Molanus, at this date, as having had an office, contain-
3* Thus " Erentrudis Saintswhichfollows,wefindthenamethus : Saltzburgi virginis
abbatissse, Sanctorum Rudberti et Trudber—ti occurring, "June 30, Coelan Dachoe,'
Apostolorum illius tractus sororis. ML. "
Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish
Saints," p. 204.
32 See Sindaret's " Synchronisme des
Litteratures depuis leur origine, jusqu'a nos Jours," &c. Cinquieme Epoque, sect, xiii. ,
p. 286. — Article 11.
p. 6, ibid.
3 See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
nise," xviii. Februarii, n. 1, p. 369.
* Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
182, 183.
5 The present St. Coelan is set down at
30th ofjune, "Y\. CaoIaii no CAllAn," in
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 182, 183.
Common Place Book F, preserved in the
2
'
—ce Book F, Common Pla
the
Royal Irish Acad—emy, pp. 59, 60.
59, 60. Edited by Rev. Dr.
Article iv. Kelly, p.
saint,
1 who
on missionary work in Ireland, with great spiritual advantage to her people.
we have inserted the Life of this illustrious
of
3 See " of the Irish Proceedings Royal
Academy, Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp. 104, 105.
* A. D. 941, according to Dr. O'Donovan's
"Annals of Four Masters. " vol. ii. , pp. 646,
647.
s Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
engaged
5th
April,
saint,
182, 183. Article v.
—
*
Edited by Rev. Dr.
xxviii.
2 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
xxix.
Article vii.
Kelly, p.
182, 183. Article vi.
—
See the Fourth Volume of this work, at the 30th of April, for some
Scotorum. " 2"
:
viii.
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii
Thus
In Buchania Stellani
the— feasts, Among pretermitted p.
x
In his "Menologium
notices of St. Suitbert, Art. 2
suos ad Romanum — observandi pascatis
*
See the Fourth
qui
ritum deduxit, B. BT. "
Art. ii.
2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii xxix. Among the pretermitted saints,
"KalendarsofScottish
3 See Thomas Dempster's " Historia Ec-
clesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , num. 1049, P- 584-
p. 396. Article ix.
—
*
In the "Leabhar
Breac"
presbyteri,
xxix.
Article viii.
396. Volume
Bishop Forbes' Saints," p. 204.
of this work, at the 5th of April,
4 "
lib. i.
reliquos, lib. i. He is said to be named in
the Epistle of Hilarius, Archpresbyter to the Scottish Churches, and written under the name of Honorius. For such statement Dempster cites tcmus iii. , Conciliorum, cap. xix. , p. lxiii.
s tomus
See "Acta Sanctorum," v. , Junii
*
De Paschate celebrando,
Scripsit
Epistolas ad Joannem, Hilarium et
the— saints, p. 396. Among pretermitted
826 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 30.
In a Manuscript Florarius, the 29th of June is set apart for the feast of his canonization, and at this date the Bollandists a also commemorate him.
Article IX. —Festival of St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles.
In the early Irish Church, the great Apostles, St. Peter and St. Paul, were held in the highest veneration, and their festival was celebrated on the 29th of June, as we find it entered in the "Feilire " x of St. ^Engus. A commen-
is 2 in which St. Paul is described, as of the tribe of Ben- tary attached, being
jamin, that he was born at Tarsus, in Cilicia, that he was taught at the feet of Gamalel, that he was converted to the faith on the way to Damascus, and that he thrice suffered shipwreck ; while Simon Peter was the son of Jona, of the province of Gallia (Galilea), ot the city Bestatta (Bethsaida), brother of AndrewtheApostle,andhewasalsocalledCephas. Itisadded,moreover, that both suffered martyrdom under the truly infamous Nero. The most learned and critical investigation regarding the Acts of St. Peter and St. Paul —those two great Apostolic luminaries of the Christian Church—has been entered upon by the Bollandists,^ at this date, their chief solemnity. A Pre- vious Commentary « introduces certain ancient Acts, in the Greek s and
Latin 6 and these language,
to of their Lives and give particulars
profess
Martyrdom. 7 Analectafollowintwentysectionsandtwohundredandtwenty-
six paragraphs, written by Father Daniel Papebroke, S. J. , with copper-plate illustrations of interesting objects, connected with the memory of both
As their Lives are found written in all saint collections, we shall not dwell longer on the introduction of the great solemnity, which the Univer- sal Church celebrates annually on the 29th day of June.
Cbirtietb Sap of June,
ARTICLE I. —ST. ERENTRUDIS, OR ERENTRUDE, VIRGIN ABBESS OF NUNBERG, BAVARIA.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES.
holy virgins in our ancient Church were very mindful of the counsel
Apostles.
tofastandabstainas THE
ofDivineGrace and, ;
the rigid discipline of penitential times, their abstemiousness was rewarded with abundant manifestations of strength from above, and with perseverance in con-
copy, the following stanza is found. The
*
English —translation is
by Dr. Whitley
Stokes
:
xxix.
Pctro et Paulo, pp. 398 to 475.
£eit, poil a^uf pec*i{\ CotiAi'oble angrxccliA tlircAr»CA •ocilm cacha peiL jror» bjuniTOib bechA.
*
"The feast of Paul and Peter with the vast- ness of crying unto them : the noise of battle which—is on the world's breasts surpasseth it
of of
not. " "Transactions the Royal Irish See Rome.
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus, by
Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , p.
xcvi.
Notes appended have been added, by Article I. — ' See Le Livredu Chevalier
preservative
during
See Hid. , p. cviii.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii
This was written, by Father Godefrid Ilenschen, S. J. , and by Father Conrad Janning, S. J. , in five sections and fifty-four
paragraphs.
5 This was taken from the Vatican Li-
brary, with a Latin version by Jacobus Sirlet.
6
This has been attributed to St. Linus, disciple and successor of St Peter, in the
De Sanctis
1
Father Godefrid Ilenschen.
Principibus Apostolorum,
June 30. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 827
tinency. A French noble advised his daughters so long as they were single, to fast three days in the week, the better to mortify the flesh, and to live
1
chastely and holily for the service of God.
wished them to fast, at least on Friday, in memory of the precious blood and passion of Jesus Christ, who suffered on that day for us. This, he remarks, is a marvellous propitiation, and for it, God will have us in his keeping and
2
repay us in the double.
At the 30th of June, Colgan intended to insert the Acts 3 of St. Erentrudis,
virgin, as would appear from his list of Irish Saints, published by Charles MacDonnell, Esq. 4 Henry Fitzsimon s has classed her among the Saints of Ireland, but without assigning the date for her festival. In their Legendary for the month of June, the Canons Regular of Bodensee Monastery in West- phalia appear to have had special Lessons in an office for St. Erendrude. 6 The Bollandists have published a previous commentary, and Acts of St. Erentrude, at this date. ? The Third Volume of the " Acta Sanctorum
8
OrdinisS. Benedicti," contains the Life of St. Erendrude, Abbess.
This holy virgin, from an early age consecrated to God in the religious state, is said by some writers to have been a sister to St. Rupert, bishop of Saltzburg, whose festival was celebrated on the 27th March. In Colgan's work, at the same day, there are a few brief notices ; but, in the Bollandist collection, there is no special feast assigned for her, at that particular date. Already there are some particulars concerning her recorded in the Life of her 10 Init,wefindhercalledarelationtohim while
12
brotherSt. some writers state,
Rupert. 11
reputed
;
that she was his niece, according to Rev. Dr. Lanigan.
He does not consider, however, that she had anything to do with Ireland,
although such an opinion has long prevailed in Germany. ^ She seems to have been born, towards the middle of the sixth century.
In St. Rupert's Life, it is stated, that from Ireland she travelled to Rome
with both her brothers, St. Trudbert l * and St. Rupert. They returned in
company together from Italy to Germany; when, at Prysgangia or Brisgangia near the Hyrcinian forest, St. Trudbert parted from them, and soon after- wards he obtained the martyr's crown. Thence, Rupert and Erentrude journeyed along the Rhine, until they reached Bormatia. 's now known as Worms. 16 Over this city, Rupert presided as Bishop, but he was driven from it with violence about the year 580. Afterwards, he visited Rome, and then he returned once more to Bavaria, Austria and Pannonia. At last, he became
de La Tour Landry.
2 See Alexander Vance's "Romantic
Episodes of Chivalric and Mediaeval
France," p. 280.
3 As we find from the "
Miracles, in fourteen paragraphs, pp. 34810355.
9 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," xxvii. Martii. De S. Erentrude Abbatissa
Actuum Sanctorum quae MS. habentur, ordine Men-
770.
I0 See the Third Volume of this work, at
sium et Dierum. "
* See " Academy. "
of the
Royal
Irish
March 27th, Art. ii.
" See Rader's " Bavaria
Sancta,"
tomus
6 Thus
'3
—Rader states
to her call into "
Proceedings
5 In "Catalogus aliquorum Sanctorum "
tomus i. , p. 42.
" See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
Catalogus
Nunbergensi, p.
Hiberniae. " See O'Sullevan Beare's His- land," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, vi. , n. 65, toriae Catholicse Iberniae Compendium," p. 164.
i. , lib. iv. ,
commencing Incipit
Alluding :
cap.
xii. , "
p. 54.
Salzburgh, Evocatam hanc e Francia. "
Vita bea- tissimae Virginis Erendrudis, quae in Salis- burgensi ecclesia corporaliter requiescit, quae
celebratur pridie Kalendas Julii. "
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Junii xxx. , pp. 580 to 586.
8 It is given in seven paragraphs, and there is a fragment of a Book, relating
7
April.
'5 Alsocalled
Augusta Vangionum, by the
:
If they could not thus fast, he
"Bavaria Sancta," tomus
p. 42.
i. ,
M His festival is held, on the 26th of
Romans.
l6 This town is about one mile distant
from the Rhine, which anciently washed its
828 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 30.
bishop of Saltzburgh 1—that city so romantically situated on the Salza River, which flows into the Inn, and under the range of the towering Carinthia—n or Rhcetian chain of high-peaked Alpine mountains. The citadel here no longer kept in repair —stands on a bold and commanding rock. One of its
is cut a solid — feet in feet in — gateways through rock, being 300 length, 30 height,
I0
and 24 in breadth. The cathedral here Italian in style of architecture
Salzburg, Upper Austria.
is an imposing structure, and of great historical interest. * There can hardly be a doubt, but St. Erentrude shared in the vicissitudes, hardships and perse-
cutionsofherdistinguishedbrother; althoughherpersonalityislostsightof in his Acts, until we learn, that he built for her a monastery, at a place called
Nunberg. This idea was of her own suggestion ; for, she most earnestly
desired to assist her brother in his missionary labours, among a rude and half-
civilized people. This nunnery of St. Erendrude was situated without the
fortifications of 31 and on a hill. this Salzburg, neighbouring Anciently,
place
was known as the Cell, and called by such a name. "
From accounts that have come to us, it would seem, she had a place
among the Wangiones, in the city of Worms. St. Rupert had built a suitable houseofreceptionforherselfandhernuns,nearSalzburgh;*3 while,shefelt greatly delighted to join him there. That house had been consecrated to the Blessed Virgin. When she arrived at Salzburgh, St. Rupert accosted her thus :
walls. It was the seat of many Diets of the German Empire. See Murray's M Hand- book for Travellers to the Continent," sect, viii. , Route 102, p. 515.
17 He is supposed to have established him- self there about the year 616.
11 See "The Popular Encyclopedia; or Conversations Lexicon," vol. vi. , p. 85.
'» See " Gazetteer of the World/' vol. xi. , p. 418.
"° The general appearance of this cele- brated city is here presented as an illustra-
tion, copied from a local photograph. It
was drawn by William F. Wakeman upon
the wood, engraved by Mrs. Millard.
" Sometimes Latinized Vivaricnis Civitas, and sometimes Vivariense Castrum ; owing it is stated to the number of leaping streams nearit, andcomingdownthesidesofthe
neighbouring mountains.
"
According to Viguleus Hundius, in Metropoli Salisburgensi, tomus ii. , p. 594.
"3 According to Rader, this house was
founded hy Rcginotrude, the wife of Thco- "
don, Duke of Bavaria. See Bavaria Sancta," tomus i.
June 3 o. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 829 " My revered sister, know why I have brought you hither? " She replied :
as our Lord Christ revealed it to me in Jesus
" I know it Yes, Father,
well,
spirit, saying, go in peace where you are called, and lo, I am with you ; I shall
bring to you great numbers of pious women, who, through your example con- ductedinthepathwaysoftruereligion,shallfinallycometome. " WhenSt. Rupertheardthesewords,hegavethankstotheAlmighty. Itissaid,that Theodobert, Duke of Bavaria, aided in building this religious house, and that he liberally endowed it, while he took care, that the memory of his father Theodon, converted by St. Rupert, should be remembered in the prayers of those holy virgins there serving Christ in the religious state. After some time, numberless pious virgins and holy matrons flocked to her religious establish- ment; andoverthese,shepresidedwithsuchconsummateprudence,that soon they were trained to all the duties of perfect nuns.
An account of the remarkable vision, touching the death of her illustrious
relation St. Rupert, will be found in Acts of the latter, published by the Bol-
landists. 24 ShepresidedasfirstAbbessatNunbergoveracommunityofpious
virgins, some time after the beginning of the seventh century. About the year
627 or 628, when St. Rupert had a divine monition, that his days on earth were
nearly numbered, he held an interview with his beloved sister, and revealed
his approaching departure to her, while he requested her to pray for his soul, that the Almighty would vouchsafe to receive it into Heaven. This announce-
ment drew tears to her eyes, and she immediately replied in a sorrowing
:
mood " If this should happen, my Lord, as you state, is it not more expe-
dient that I should depart before you ? " The holy Bishop answered her :
" My dearest sister, do not desire importunately and prematurely to hasten
your passage from this world, as it should be a great sin so to do; since our
death depends not on our wish, but on the disposition of Divine Providence. "
Whereupon, St. Erentrude in tears fell upon her knees at the feet of St.
"
remember, I beseech that from thee,
My paternal Lord,
We are informed, that after St. Rupert's death, St. Erentrude persisted tearfully in prayer by day and night for the soul of her relation, while her vigilswereprolonged,withthehopeofhavingherearnestwishescrowned. One
"
Come, my dearest sister, into the kingdom of Christ, for which thou has so long laboured. " Awaking as it were from a dream, she then returned thanks to the Almighty. Soonafterwards,seriousillnessfelluponher. Then,callinghersisterstoher bedside,shelovinglyexhortedthem. HavingreceivedtheHolyEucharist, she gave them severally the kiss of peace, and then calmly rendered her soul into the keeping of her Divine Redeemer. The date for her death has not been recorded, but it occurred, probably, about a. d. 630. Her sacred remains were brought into Salzburgh, and there embalmed. They were afterwards deposited with great reverence, in the crypt of the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin, the day before the July Kalends, at which date her chief feast is com-
Rupert, saying :
my country thou has brought me hither, and now you intend to leave me miserable and an orphan. One request only have I now to make, that if I deserve not to die before or with thee, that at least, soon after thy departure to Heaven, I may have a much-desired release from earth, through thy inter- cession. " The holy Bishop Rupert assented to this her petition, and then both began a colloquy on the happiness of life eternal. So tender was their conversation and the flow of natural sympathy, during this affecting juncture, that both separated, while tears flowed plenteously from their eyes.
night, he appeared to her in a vision, and saying to her :
24 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xxvii. De S. Rudberto seu Ruperto
Boiorum Apostolo Episcopo Salisburgensi
in Germania. Vita II. Ex MS. Rubeae-
Vallis, cap. ii. , pp. 705, 706.
2
5 This illustrious Irish saint flourished in
830 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 30.
memorated. Several very remarkable miracles were wrought at her tomb,
and through the intercession of this holy virgin, whose memory was so greatly
revered by the people. In consequence of those miracles, it is stated, that
St. 2* of
Virgil, Bishop Salzburg,
had her canonized,26 and her afterwards,
remains were translated, in order to be more publicly honoured.
In course of ages, the monastery of St. Erentrude suffered from hostile incursions and from incendiarism, so that it had been reduced to a heap of ruins. Afterwards, the Emperor Henry II. , surnamed the Pious, resolved on the restoration of this religious establishment, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and to St. Erendrude. This distinguished Imperator is stated to have been subject to epilepsy, which his physicians could not cure ; but, when he came to the tomb of St. Erendrude, and had prayed there, he obtained some of her relics, which he enclosed in a golden locket, and wore suspended from hisneck. Afterwards,hewasrelievedfromthatinfirmity,andasatokenof gratitude, he presented two golden calcaria to ornament her tomb. 27 About the year 1024, the Emperor Henry II. of Germany, having effected the restora-
28
tion of St. Erentrude's monastery, or rather having rebuilt it ;
the chief altar
in the crypt, and two others, are said to have been consecrated by Balduin,
2
Archbishop of Salzburgh, about the year io4i. 9 This monastery of St.
Erentrude was liberally endowed by the aforesaid Emperor. It is stated, furthermore, that the church so renovated had been consecrated to the Blessed Virgin and to St. Erentrude, by Archbishop Hertwic, the Emperor himself
assisting. Afterwards, the body of St. Erentrude was removed with great reverence, from the ancient tomb in which it had so long lain, to a crypt beneath the middle altar, where it reposed in the beginning of the fourteenth century. It seems possible, also, that a subsequent Translation took place. The year 1305 is that generally assigned for the Translation of St. Erentrude's relics, at Nunberg, and the day was on the 3rd of September. This was kept as a holyday by the citizens, and on it they abstained from all servile works. Anofficecommemoratingthissolemnitywasalsorecitedbythenuns. This translation of her relics, to the crypt of the church in which they are now preserved, was most probably on the 3rd of September, which is a feast kept in her honour. 3°
About the beginning of the fourteenth century, one Caesarius, a chaplain in
Nunberg, and who had served in that capacity for twenty-eight years, relates a number of miracles wrought through the intercession of St. Erentrude, as he hadlearnedthemfromvarioussources notalonefromthenuns,butfrom
;
externs worthy of trust. This account is still more interesting, owing to the
traditional lights it throws on the history of Nunberg, as on the Acts of its holy Patroness. The festival of this holy virgin is commemorated in a Manuscript Florarius and by Philip Ferrarius. In like manner, Arnold Wion,Menard,Bucelin,andPetrusCanisiusrecordhermemory. AnOffice Book, printed for the church of Salzburgh a. d. 1585, has Nine Lessons in her praise. According to the Martyrology of Andrew Saussay, the chief feast of
the eighth century, and his festival occurs, at the 27th of November.
26 This could not have been a canoniza- tion, according to the modern rite ; but, it is likely to have represented some solemn pronouncement of a similar character, cus- tomary at that period.
27 Such is the account given by Caesarius,
in his Additions to the work of Viguleius Hundius.
^ This however seems to have been an anachronism, as Baldwin was not then Archbishop of Salzburg, but rather Hartwic, according to the "Chronica Archiepiscopo- rum Salisburgensium. "
the who adds: " curia tomus v. , xxx. De S. Eren- chaplain, quibus rum," Junii
quaedam in Austria, dicta Vladniz, compa-
rata, adhuc ipsi Monasteriodeservit. "
trude, Virg. Abbatissa Salisburgi in Bavaria, Commentarius I'raevius, num. I to 9, pp.
580 to 582.
»*
This is stated by Christopher Gewold,
3° See the Bollandists'
"
Acta Sancto-
June 30. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 831
St. Erentrude, by some writers called the sister, and by others, the niece, of St. Rupert, Bishop of Saltzburg, was celebrated on this day. At the 30th of
Thomas
least31 for St. Erentrudis.
in his " Scotorum," has entered a Menologium
June,
Dempster,
All countries and places, from north to south, from east to west, prove incontestably the primitive and religious influence that ancient Ireland con- ferred on Europe. 32 Thus, as in the case of St. Erentrude, her very example and her well-regulated morals brought her numerous disciples and imitators to share her gifts, while she was most sedulous in watching over their spiritual concerns. She even regarded the salvation of one person as affecting her own hopesofsalvation. Shewassympatheticintheirmisfortunesasintheirsuccess; while she felt as if what happened to one of them ought to be personal to herself. Her almsgiving, continence and abstinence were the virtues which greatly distinguished her life ; while these graces lent a lustre to her probity of morals, to her untiring vigils, and to the numberless evidences of sanctity which rendered her a chief ornament of the religious state.
Article II. —St. Fatlbe of Cill-eo, County of Longford. The
x
publishedMartyrologyofDonegal seemstoplacethissaint,togetherwith
2
St. Caolan, at Cill-eo, for the 30th of June. However, the Irish Calendar, belonging to the Royal Irish Academy, has a different entry, as we shall see, when treating about St. Caolan. Of this saint, it remarks, that he was of the
Clan Ruighre, and that his place was Cill-eo, in the County of Longford.
Article III. —St. Coelan Dahoc, or Caolan. In the Martyrology
ofTallagh,
entered, name a St.
1 a festival in honour of Coelan Dahoc is
at the of 30th
2 Marianus O'Gorman and Charles
June. Maguire
Coelan,
for
this day. 3 The Martyrology of Donegal* records the name as Caolan, together with Failbhe of Cill-eo, at this same date. The Irish Calendar in the Royal Irish Academy has a fuller entry in reference to both these saints. There is, however, an apparent discrimination of places. s
Article IV. —St. Sproc or Sporoc, Daughter of Colum. Venera-
tion was given, at the 30th of June, to Sproc, or Sporoc, daughter of Colum
or Coluim, as we find inserted in the of * and of Martyrologies Tallagh
2'
Donegal.
Article V. —Festival of St. Adilia, Abbess and Virgin, of Aldorp, Brabant. Atthe30thofJune,inhisScottishMenology,ThomasDempster
1
for Adilia, a Scottish Virgin, and connected with Belgium.
2
has a festival
She is mentioned by Molanus, at this date, as having had an office, contain-
3* Thus " Erentrudis Saintswhichfollows,wefindthenamethus : Saltzburgi virginis
abbatissse, Sanctorum Rudberti et Trudber—ti occurring, "June 30, Coelan Dachoe,'
Apostolorum illius tractus sororis. ML. "
Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish
Saints," p. 204.
32 See Sindaret's " Synchronisme des
Litteratures depuis leur origine, jusqu'a nos Jours," &c. Cinquieme Epoque, sect, xiii. ,
p. 286. — Article 11.
p. 6, ibid.
3 See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
nise," xviii. Februarii, n. 1, p. 369.
* Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
182, 183.
5 The present St. Coelan is set down at
30th ofjune, "Y\. CaoIaii no CAllAn," in
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 182, 183.
Common Place Book F, preserved in the
2
'
—ce Book F, Common Pla
the
Royal Irish Acad—emy, pp. 59, 60.
59, 60. Edited by Rev. Dr.
Article iv. Kelly, p.
