Cynosophium, sive de Cunum
Curatione
; which are
1215; Philost.
1215; Philost.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
given to Pentadius, par-
2. M. JUNIUS M. f. M. n. Pennus, son of ticularly two elegiac couplets on the faithlessness of
No. 1, was praetor B. c. 172, and obtained Nearer woman (Burmann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 88, or No. 245,
Spain for his province. The reinforcements for ed. Meyer), and fourteen hendecasyllabics, De
his army, which he urgently demanded from the se- Vita Beata, which certainly bear the impress of a
nate, did not arrive till he had to give up the province better age than the verses discussed above (Bur-
to his successor. He was consul B. c. 167, with mann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 93, or No. 250, ed. Merer ;
Q. Aelius Paetus, and obtained Pisae as his pro- Wernsdorf, Poët. Lat. Min. vol. iii. p. 405). There
vince. (Liv. xlii. 9, 10, 18, xlv. 16, 17; Cic. Brut. is also an Epitaphium Achilli (Burm. Anthol. i. 98,
28; Fasti Capit. )
Meyer, append. 1614), which has a strong resem-
3. M. Junius Pennus, son of No. 2, was tri- blance to the Tumulus Hectoris generally given to
bune of the plebs, B. c. 126, in which year he an Eusebius or an Eusthenius, but by Scaliger and
brought forward a law for expelling all strangers Wernsdorf to Pentadius. Wernsdorf, in one
or foreigners (peregrini) from Rome. This law portion of bis work, endeavoured to prove that the
was opposed by C. Gracchus, because the peregrini Epitome Wiados Homeri, which bears the name of
were of assistance to him in his struggle with the Pindarus, ought in reality to be assigned to Pen-
aristocracy, but it was carried not withstanding. tadius, but this idea he afterwards abandoned.
Pennus was afterwards elected to the aedileship, (Wernsdorf, Poet. Lat. Min. vol. iii. p. 256, iv. p-
but died before obtaining any higher honour in the 546 ; Burmann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 105, Meyer, vol. i.
state. (Cic. Brut. 28, de Off. ii. 1]; Fest. s. v. p. xxvii. and Epp. No. 241-252, and append. Ep.
Respublica. )
No. 1614 ; see also Burmann, i. 98, 102, 139, 140,
PENTADIUS, the name prefixed in MSS. to 141, 142, 148, 165, ii. 203, iii. 88, 93, 105, v.
ten short elegies or epigrams, extending in all to 69. )
(W. R. ]
ninety-eight lines, which are severally entitled : PENTHESILEIA (Noveolaeta), a daughter
-1. De Fortuna, 18 coupiets. 2. De Adventu of Ares and Otrera, and queen of the Amazons.
Veris, 11 couplets. 3, 4, 5, 6. De Narcisso, re (Hygin. Fub. 112; Serv. ad Aen. i. 491; comp.
spectively 5, 1, 2, 1, couplets. 7. Tumulus Acidis, Hygin. Fab. 225; Justin. ii. 4 ; Lycoph. 997. )
4 couplets. 8. Tumulus Hectoris, 5 couplets. 9. In the Trojan war she assisted the 'Trojans, and
De Chrysocome, I couplet. 10. In Virgiliuin, 1 offered gallant resistance to the Greeks (Dict.
couplet.
Cret. iii. 15; Or. Heroid. xxi. 118. ) After the
The first three, which it will be observed are fall of Hector she fought a battle against the
much longer than the rest, are all constructed in Greeks, but was defeated: she herself fell by
such a manner that the words which form the first the hand of Achilles, who mourned over the
penthemimer of the Hexameter recur as the second dying queen on account of her beauty, youth, and
penthemimer of the pentameter, thus ;-
valour. (Dict. Cret. iv. 2; Schol. ad Hom. N. ii.
219; Paus. v. 11. § 2, x. 31 ; Quint. Smyrn. i. 40,
Res eadem assidue momento volvitur horae
Atque redit dispar res eadem assidue :
&c. ) She was frequently represented by ancient
artists, and among others by Polygnotus, in the
Lesche at Delphi. (Paus, x. 31. ) When Achilles
slew Penthesileia he is said to haré also killed
Vindice facta manu Progne pia dicta sorori
Thersites because he treated her body with con-
Impia sed nato vindice facta manu :
tempt, and reproached Achilles for his love to-
On this species of trifling critics have bestowed the wards her. (Schol
. ad Hom. I. c. , ad Soph. Philoct.
name of Ophites or Carmen Serpentinum, because, 445. ) Diomedes, a relative of Thersites, is said
like the ancient symbol of the snake with its tail then to have thrown the body of Penthesileia into
in its mouth, the beginning and the end meet after the river Scamander, whereas, according to others,
and
## p. 185 (#201) ############################################
PERDICCAS.
185
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CONCELE S 8
the personal
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and feet
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5. The
that it
PEPAGOMENUS.
Achilles himself buried it on the banks of the Paris, 1567, fol. ; and the Greek and Latin text
Xanthus. (Tzetz ad Lyc. 1. c. ; Dict. Cret. iv. 3. ; in the tenth volume of Chartier's Hippocrates and
Tryphiod. 37. ) Some, further, state that she was Galen.
not killed by Achilles, but by his son Pyrrhus Fabricius ( Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 531, ed. vet. )
(Dar. Phryg. 36), or that she first slew Achilles, conjectures that Demetrius Pepagomenus may be
and Zeus on the request of Thetis having recalled the author of the little treatise, nepi tñs twv dv
Achilles to life, she was then killed by him. | Νεφρούς Παθών Διαγνώσεως και Θεραπείας, Do
(Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1696. )
(L. S. ] Renum Affectuum Dignotione et Curatione, which is
PENTHEUS (rievo eus), a son of Echion and wrongly attributed to Galen (Galen, p. 215. S
Agave, the daughter of Cadnius. (Eurip. Phoen. 97), but there seems to be no sufficient ground for
iv. 942; Paur. ix. 5. & 2. ) He was the successor this opinion. Demetrius Pepagomenus is perhaps
of Cadmus as king of Thebes, and being opposed the author of two other short Greek works, the
to the introduction of the worship of Dionysus in one entitled “Ιερακοσόφιον, ή περί της των Ιερά-
his kingdom, he was torn to pieces by his own κων 'Ανατροφής τε και Επιμελείας, HieracOSO-
mother and two other Mainades, Ino and Autonoe, phium, sive de Accipitrum Educatione et Curatione,
who in their Bacchic frenzy believed him to be a ελιe other Κυνοσόφιον, ή περί Κυνών 'Επιμελείας,
wild beast. (Ov. Met. iii. 513, &c. , Eurip. Bacch.
Cynosophium, sive de Cunum Curatione ; which are
1215; Philost. Imag. i. 1; Apollod. ii. 5. & 2; to be found in the collection of “ Rei Accipitrariae
Hygin. Fub. 184; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 469; Nonnus, Scriptores," published by Nic. Rigaltius, Greek
Dunys. xlv. 46; Oppian, Cyneg. iv. 289. ) The and Latin, Paris, 1612, 4to, and elsewhere. The
place where Pentheus suffered death, is said to treatise De Canum Curatione is sometimes attributed
have been Mount Cithaeron, but according to some to Phaemon. (Choulant, Handl. der Bücherkunde
it was Mount Parnassus. Pentheus is said to für die Aeltere Medicin ; Haller, Bibl. Medic.
have got upon a tree, for the purpose of witnessing Pruct. vol. i. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. ) (W. A. G. ]
in secret the revelry of the Bacchic women, but on PEPAGO MENUS, NICOLAUS (Nikólaos
being discovered by them, he was torn to pieces. Tetayouévos), wrote a eulogium on the martyr
(Eurip. Bucch. 816, 954, 1061, &c. ; Theocrit
. Isidorus, of which a part is given by Allatius, ad
xxvi. 10. ) According to a Corinthian tradition, Eustathium Antiochen. P. 69. It is said that other
the women were afterwards commanded by an writings of his are to be found in the public libraries
oracle to find out that tree, and to worship it like of Paris. As he was a correspondent of Nicephorus
the god Dionysus hinself; and out of the tree Gregoras, he must have lived about A. D. 1340.
two carved images of the god were made accord-(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 649, vol. x. p. 265,
ingly. (Paus. ii. 2. & 6. )
[L. S. ]
vol. xi. p. 293).
(W. M. G. )
PENTHILUS (névolos), a son of Orestes PEPHRE’DO or PEMPHRAEDO (Neopnow
and Erigone, is said to have led a colony of Aeo- or lleuopnow), a daughter of Phorcys, and one of
lians to Thrace. He was the father of Echelatus the Graeae. (Hes. Theog. 273; Apollod. ii. 4. & 2;
and Damasias. (Paus. ii. 18. & 5, iii. 2. § 1, v. 4, Tzetz. ad Lyc. 838 ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv.
$ 2, vii. 6. & 2; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 1374; Strab. xiii. 1515; Zenob. i. 41. )
[L. S. ]
p. 582 ; Aristot. Polit. v. 8, 13. )
PEPONILA. (SABINUS, Julius. )
There was also a son of Periclymenus of this PEPROM ENE (Πεπρωμένη), namely μοίρα,
name. (Paus. ii. 18. $ 7. )
(L. S. ) that is, the share destined by fate, occurs also as a
PE'NULA, M. CENTEʻNIUS. (CENTE- proper name in the same sense as Moira or Fate.
NIUS. ]
(Paus, viii. 21. & 2; Hom. Il. iii. 309. ) (L. S. ]
PEPAEPIRIS (IINTOITLIS), a queen of Bos- PERA, the name of a family of the Junia gens.
porus, known only from her coins, from which it 1. D. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, was consul
appears that she was the wife of Sauromates I. B. C. 266, with N. Fabius Pictor, and triumphed
(Eckhel, Doctr. Numor, vol. ii. p. 375. ) [SAURO- twice in this year, the first time over the Sassinates,
MATES. )
(E. H. B. ) and the second time over the Sallentini and Mes-
PEPAGO'MENUS, DEMETRIUS (Anus sapii. He was censor in B. C. 253, with L. Pos-
Tpios Merayóuevos), a Greek medical writer, who tumius Megellus. (Fasti Capit. )
is supposed to have lived towards the end of the 2. M. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, son of the
thirteenth century after Christ, and to have de- preceding, was consul B. c. 230 with M. Aemilius
dicated one of his works to the emperor Michael Barbula, censor B. c. 225 with C. Claudius Centho,
Palaeologus, A. D. 1260-1282. He is the author and dictator B. C. 216 after the fatal battle of
of a treatise, Mepl Nooáypas, De Podagra, which Cannae. In order to raise soldiers he armed not
has been attributed by some persons to Michael only slaves, but even criminals. (Fasti Capit. ;
Psellus (Leo Allatius, De Psellis, $ 52, ap. Fabric. Liv. xxii. 57, 59, xxiii. 14. )
Bibl. Graec. vol. v. ed. vet. ). It consists of forty-five PERAETHUS (Tépaidos), a son of Lycaon,
short chapters, besides the preface and conclusion, from whom the town of Peraetheis in Arcadia was
and, though principally compiled from former believed to have derived its name. (Paus. viii.
writers, is curious and interesting. A good ana- 3. & 1, 27. $ 3. )
(L. S. )
lysis of its contents is given by Mr. Adams, in his PERCENNIUS, a common soldier, and pre-
commentary on Paulus Aegineta (iii. 78). It was viously employed in the theatres to hiss or applaud,
first published without the author's name, in a as the case might be, was the ringleader in the
Latin translation by Marcus Masurus, Rom. 1517, formidable mutiny of the Pannonian legions, which
8vo. ; and afterwards in Greek and Latin, Paris, broke out at the beginning of the reign of Tiberius,
1558, 8vo. The last and best edition is by J.
2. M. JUNIUS M. f. M. n. Pennus, son of ticularly two elegiac couplets on the faithlessness of
No. 1, was praetor B. c. 172, and obtained Nearer woman (Burmann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 88, or No. 245,
Spain for his province. The reinforcements for ed. Meyer), and fourteen hendecasyllabics, De
his army, which he urgently demanded from the se- Vita Beata, which certainly bear the impress of a
nate, did not arrive till he had to give up the province better age than the verses discussed above (Bur-
to his successor. He was consul B. c. 167, with mann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 93, or No. 250, ed. Merer ;
Q. Aelius Paetus, and obtained Pisae as his pro- Wernsdorf, Poët. Lat. Min. vol. iii. p. 405). There
vince. (Liv. xlii. 9, 10, 18, xlv. 16, 17; Cic. Brut. is also an Epitaphium Achilli (Burm. Anthol. i. 98,
28; Fasti Capit. )
Meyer, append. 1614), which has a strong resem-
3. M. Junius Pennus, son of No. 2, was tri- blance to the Tumulus Hectoris generally given to
bune of the plebs, B. c. 126, in which year he an Eusebius or an Eusthenius, but by Scaliger and
brought forward a law for expelling all strangers Wernsdorf to Pentadius. Wernsdorf, in one
or foreigners (peregrini) from Rome. This law portion of bis work, endeavoured to prove that the
was opposed by C. Gracchus, because the peregrini Epitome Wiados Homeri, which bears the name of
were of assistance to him in his struggle with the Pindarus, ought in reality to be assigned to Pen-
aristocracy, but it was carried not withstanding. tadius, but this idea he afterwards abandoned.
Pennus was afterwards elected to the aedileship, (Wernsdorf, Poet. Lat. Min. vol. iii. p. 256, iv. p-
but died before obtaining any higher honour in the 546 ; Burmann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 105, Meyer, vol. i.
state. (Cic. Brut. 28, de Off. ii. 1]; Fest. s. v. p. xxvii. and Epp. No. 241-252, and append. Ep.
Respublica. )
No. 1614 ; see also Burmann, i. 98, 102, 139, 140,
PENTADIUS, the name prefixed in MSS. to 141, 142, 148, 165, ii. 203, iii. 88, 93, 105, v.
ten short elegies or epigrams, extending in all to 69. )
(W. R. ]
ninety-eight lines, which are severally entitled : PENTHESILEIA (Noveolaeta), a daughter
-1. De Fortuna, 18 coupiets. 2. De Adventu of Ares and Otrera, and queen of the Amazons.
Veris, 11 couplets. 3, 4, 5, 6. De Narcisso, re (Hygin. Fub. 112; Serv. ad Aen. i. 491; comp.
spectively 5, 1, 2, 1, couplets. 7. Tumulus Acidis, Hygin. Fab. 225; Justin. ii. 4 ; Lycoph. 997. )
4 couplets. 8. Tumulus Hectoris, 5 couplets. 9. In the Trojan war she assisted the 'Trojans, and
De Chrysocome, I couplet. 10. In Virgiliuin, 1 offered gallant resistance to the Greeks (Dict.
couplet.
Cret. iii. 15; Or. Heroid. xxi. 118. ) After the
The first three, which it will be observed are fall of Hector she fought a battle against the
much longer than the rest, are all constructed in Greeks, but was defeated: she herself fell by
such a manner that the words which form the first the hand of Achilles, who mourned over the
penthemimer of the Hexameter recur as the second dying queen on account of her beauty, youth, and
penthemimer of the pentameter, thus ;-
valour. (Dict. Cret. iv. 2; Schol. ad Hom. N. ii.
219; Paus. v. 11. § 2, x. 31 ; Quint. Smyrn. i. 40,
Res eadem assidue momento volvitur horae
Atque redit dispar res eadem assidue :
&c. ) She was frequently represented by ancient
artists, and among others by Polygnotus, in the
Lesche at Delphi. (Paus, x. 31. ) When Achilles
slew Penthesileia he is said to haré also killed
Vindice facta manu Progne pia dicta sorori
Thersites because he treated her body with con-
Impia sed nato vindice facta manu :
tempt, and reproached Achilles for his love to-
On this species of trifling critics have bestowed the wards her. (Schol
. ad Hom. I. c. , ad Soph. Philoct.
name of Ophites or Carmen Serpentinum, because, 445. ) Diomedes, a relative of Thersites, is said
like the ancient symbol of the snake with its tail then to have thrown the body of Penthesileia into
in its mouth, the beginning and the end meet after the river Scamander, whereas, according to others,
and
## p. 185 (#201) ############################################
PERDICCAS.
185
1
ü. 30) Print
- sake of EXIT
read is di
29001
- 98) Bateri
antes do
CONCELE S 8
the personal
5 FT
and feet
Ljere te
dies the People
te ndani
Cataletas
Hessed
1824
core Bet
d Vere;
5. The
that it
PEPAGOMENUS.
Achilles himself buried it on the banks of the Paris, 1567, fol. ; and the Greek and Latin text
Xanthus. (Tzetz ad Lyc. 1. c. ; Dict. Cret. iv. 3. ; in the tenth volume of Chartier's Hippocrates and
Tryphiod. 37. ) Some, further, state that she was Galen.
not killed by Achilles, but by his son Pyrrhus Fabricius ( Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 531, ed. vet. )
(Dar. Phryg. 36), or that she first slew Achilles, conjectures that Demetrius Pepagomenus may be
and Zeus on the request of Thetis having recalled the author of the little treatise, nepi tñs twv dv
Achilles to life, she was then killed by him. | Νεφρούς Παθών Διαγνώσεως και Θεραπείας, Do
(Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1696. )
(L. S. ] Renum Affectuum Dignotione et Curatione, which is
PENTHEUS (rievo eus), a son of Echion and wrongly attributed to Galen (Galen, p. 215. S
Agave, the daughter of Cadnius. (Eurip. Phoen. 97), but there seems to be no sufficient ground for
iv. 942; Paur. ix. 5. & 2. ) He was the successor this opinion. Demetrius Pepagomenus is perhaps
of Cadmus as king of Thebes, and being opposed the author of two other short Greek works, the
to the introduction of the worship of Dionysus in one entitled “Ιερακοσόφιον, ή περί της των Ιερά-
his kingdom, he was torn to pieces by his own κων 'Ανατροφής τε και Επιμελείας, HieracOSO-
mother and two other Mainades, Ino and Autonoe, phium, sive de Accipitrum Educatione et Curatione,
who in their Bacchic frenzy believed him to be a ελιe other Κυνοσόφιον, ή περί Κυνών 'Επιμελείας,
wild beast. (Ov. Met. iii. 513, &c. , Eurip. Bacch.
Cynosophium, sive de Cunum Curatione ; which are
1215; Philost. Imag. i. 1; Apollod. ii. 5. & 2; to be found in the collection of “ Rei Accipitrariae
Hygin. Fub. 184; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 469; Nonnus, Scriptores," published by Nic. Rigaltius, Greek
Dunys. xlv. 46; Oppian, Cyneg. iv. 289. ) The and Latin, Paris, 1612, 4to, and elsewhere. The
place where Pentheus suffered death, is said to treatise De Canum Curatione is sometimes attributed
have been Mount Cithaeron, but according to some to Phaemon. (Choulant, Handl. der Bücherkunde
it was Mount Parnassus. Pentheus is said to für die Aeltere Medicin ; Haller, Bibl. Medic.
have got upon a tree, for the purpose of witnessing Pruct. vol. i. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. ) (W. A. G. ]
in secret the revelry of the Bacchic women, but on PEPAGO MENUS, NICOLAUS (Nikólaos
being discovered by them, he was torn to pieces. Tetayouévos), wrote a eulogium on the martyr
(Eurip. Bucch. 816, 954, 1061, &c. ; Theocrit
. Isidorus, of which a part is given by Allatius, ad
xxvi. 10. ) According to a Corinthian tradition, Eustathium Antiochen. P. 69. It is said that other
the women were afterwards commanded by an writings of his are to be found in the public libraries
oracle to find out that tree, and to worship it like of Paris. As he was a correspondent of Nicephorus
the god Dionysus hinself; and out of the tree Gregoras, he must have lived about A. D. 1340.
two carved images of the god were made accord-(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 649, vol. x. p. 265,
ingly. (Paus. ii. 2. & 6. )
[L. S. ]
vol. xi. p. 293).
(W. M. G. )
PENTHILUS (névolos), a son of Orestes PEPHRE’DO or PEMPHRAEDO (Neopnow
and Erigone, is said to have led a colony of Aeo- or lleuopnow), a daughter of Phorcys, and one of
lians to Thrace. He was the father of Echelatus the Graeae. (Hes. Theog. 273; Apollod. ii. 4. & 2;
and Damasias. (Paus. ii. 18. & 5, iii. 2. § 1, v. 4, Tzetz. ad Lyc. 838 ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv.
$ 2, vii. 6. & 2; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 1374; Strab. xiii. 1515; Zenob. i. 41. )
[L. S. ]
p. 582 ; Aristot. Polit. v. 8, 13. )
PEPONILA. (SABINUS, Julius. )
There was also a son of Periclymenus of this PEPROM ENE (Πεπρωμένη), namely μοίρα,
name. (Paus. ii. 18. $ 7. )
(L. S. ) that is, the share destined by fate, occurs also as a
PE'NULA, M. CENTEʻNIUS. (CENTE- proper name in the same sense as Moira or Fate.
NIUS. ]
(Paus, viii. 21. & 2; Hom. Il. iii. 309. ) (L. S. ]
PEPAEPIRIS (IINTOITLIS), a queen of Bos- PERA, the name of a family of the Junia gens.
porus, known only from her coins, from which it 1. D. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, was consul
appears that she was the wife of Sauromates I. B. C. 266, with N. Fabius Pictor, and triumphed
(Eckhel, Doctr. Numor, vol. ii. p. 375. ) [SAURO- twice in this year, the first time over the Sassinates,
MATES. )
(E. H. B. ) and the second time over the Sallentini and Mes-
PEPAGO'MENUS, DEMETRIUS (Anus sapii. He was censor in B. C. 253, with L. Pos-
Tpios Merayóuevos), a Greek medical writer, who tumius Megellus. (Fasti Capit. )
is supposed to have lived towards the end of the 2. M. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, son of the
thirteenth century after Christ, and to have de- preceding, was consul B. c. 230 with M. Aemilius
dicated one of his works to the emperor Michael Barbula, censor B. c. 225 with C. Claudius Centho,
Palaeologus, A. D. 1260-1282. He is the author and dictator B. C. 216 after the fatal battle of
of a treatise, Mepl Nooáypas, De Podagra, which Cannae. In order to raise soldiers he armed not
has been attributed by some persons to Michael only slaves, but even criminals. (Fasti Capit. ;
Psellus (Leo Allatius, De Psellis, $ 52, ap. Fabric. Liv. xxii. 57, 59, xxiii. 14. )
Bibl. Graec. vol. v. ed. vet. ). It consists of forty-five PERAETHUS (Tépaidos), a son of Lycaon,
short chapters, besides the preface and conclusion, from whom the town of Peraetheis in Arcadia was
and, though principally compiled from former believed to have derived its name. (Paus. viii.
writers, is curious and interesting. A good ana- 3. & 1, 27. $ 3. )
(L. S. )
lysis of its contents is given by Mr. Adams, in his PERCENNIUS, a common soldier, and pre-
commentary on Paulus Aegineta (iii. 78). It was viously employed in the theatres to hiss or applaud,
first published without the author's name, in a as the case might be, was the ringleader in the
Latin translation by Marcus Masurus, Rom. 1517, formidable mutiny of the Pannonian legions, which
8vo. ; and afterwards in Greek and Latin, Paris, broke out at the beginning of the reign of Tiberius,
1558, 8vo. The last and best edition is by J.
