It is
supposed
to have been written in the tenth or eleventh century.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
Kelly,
Harris' Ware, vol. i. , pp. 177, 179.
"
Bishops of Clogher,"
—
"^
Edited by
s Colgan thinks it possible, Ermedus may be identical with St. Airmedach, Hermetius
362 Lives of 2he IRISH SAimS.
[February 2.
he flourished does not seem to be known. Even the date for his festival
becomes a subject of controversy f nor, is it necessary, always to class in- dividuals, similarly named in the Acts of our Saints, with the same category. The present parish of Clogher,7 in a barony, likewise so called, is of very considerable extent. Colgan places this saint, as a successor to Liberius,^ Bishop, over this see. We are left to infer from such a position, that the present saint flourished, probably long after a. d. 550, but previous to a. d. 731. 9 In pre-Christian times, this place had obtained celebrity. The very curious old moats, forts and an ancient graveyard, near the town of Clogher, are shown on the Ordnance Survey Townland Maps,^° for the County of Tyrone. These well deserve a more careful antiquarian enquiry, and in-
vestigation, than they have yet obtained.
ArticleVII. —St. Mothrianoc,Sonof-^ngus,ofRusgach. Itis probable, that the present saint had been honoured with a double festival. In the order of enumeration, this takes precedence. His father is called iEngus,butwecanmeetnofurthercluetohispedigreeandperiod. Atthe 2nd of February, we find set down in the Martyrology of Tallagh' a festival inhonourofMothrianocmacAengusa. Thereisnocorrespondingentryin the Martyrology of Donegal, at this date ; however, at the 20th of August," Mothenog, son of Aengus, Abbot of Riisgach, is there noted. 3 At this same date, the saint and place, without his patronymic is mentioned, in the Mar- tyrology of Tallagh. 4 There are various denominations in Ireland, known as Riasg, Riasc, Reisk, Rusg, Roosk, Rusk, signifying a moor, marsh or fen. The adjective forms are in still more general use ; and these give names to all those places called Roosky, Rusgaidh, Rooskagh, Roosca, Rousky and Rusky, of which there are about fifty in the four provinces of Ireland. ^ Originally, these were marshy or fenny places. ^ The present Rusgach thus derived its name ; but, it seems difiicult, if not impossible, to decide on its exact situation.
Article VIII. —St. Colman. This St. Colman may possibly be in-
tended for the St. Columban, of whom there is a short notice, at this day, in
"^
the Natales Sanctorum Belgii. " At the 2nd of February, the name Colman
is merely entered, in the Martyrology of Tallagh. ^ In addition to one, there is another St. Colman, separately mentioned in the Martyrology of Donegal,3 as having a festival, at this date. But, we are not informed, regarding that locality, in which he had been venerated.
* See the notices of St. Airmedach, Her-
metius or Ermedach, Abbot of Craibhi-
Laisre, at the 1st of January.
s By consulting the " General Alphabe* tical Index to the Townland and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland," &c. , pp. 796, 797, 806, 949, the reader will discover, at least sixty places bearing the aforesaid denominations, or their compounds. There are sixty-nine places besides, called Rush, the Anglicized form, with its different com- pounds. See pp. 805, 806. Dublin, 1861, lol.
^
See Dr. P. W. Joyce's "Origin and History of Irish Names of Places," part iv. , chap, vi. , p. 448.
^ See
"
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
for the County of Tyrone. " Sheets 51, 52,
57> 58, S9> 63, 64, 65, 68.
^
His feast occurs on the 2nd of Novem- ber.
9 See ** Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"xxiv.
Martii. Vita S. Maccarthenni. Appendix,
cap. iv. , p. 742.
" On Sheets 58, 59. Article vii. —» Edited
xiv.
Rev. Dr. See notices of him at that date.
Kelly, p. *
Article viii. —» In one 22.
paragraph, p.
3 See Drs. Todd and Reeves'
° 3
36,
Edited
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 37.
edition, pp. ^ See Dr. Kelly's edition, p. xxxii.
by
Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p.
xiv.
36, 37, and 224, 225.
by
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 263
Article IX. —Feast of St. Laurence, an Irish Bishop. {Twelfth
Century. ] A manuscript of Florarius, treats about an Irish bishop, called Laurence,atthe2ndofFebruary;^ theBollandistsrightlyconsiderhimto be identical with St. Laurence OToole, Archbishop of Dublin,^ whose chief feast occurs, on the 14th of November. 3 At Eu, in Normandy, where he died, the present seems to have been a local festival.
ArticleX. —FestivalofaReputedSt. Findech,Virgin. Atthe 2nd of February, in the " Kalendarium Drummondiense," we find it stated,^ that in Ireland, a St. Findech, Virgin, reposed in Christ. Possibly, this saint may be distinguished from Findeach Duimd, already noticed ; or, more likely, some confusion has been admitted, in placing such a notice, on the Scottish Calendar, in reference to the holy personage connected with Magh Raighne.
Cftirir Bap of jfebruarp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. ANATOLIUS, BISHOP OF SALINS, FRANCE.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—CHANGE OF IRISH NAMES—VARIOUS OPINIONS OF WRITERS REGARD- ING ST. ANATOLIUS—BORN IN IRELAND—HE BECOMES A BISHOP THERE—HE VISITS ROME, AND RETURNS THROUGH FRANCE.
use of Latinized or Grecised forms, for the original Irish names of
Thus
equivalent for some original title, now unknown. While living on the Continent, the present holy man might have assumed it, as being more easily pronounced
than his original designation. Perhaps, this had the same meaning ; yet, it would prove more than difficult to determine the Irish cognomen, even were wecorrectinthederivationofhisreceivedandtransmittedname. -* Andrew
THE
various is
holy men,
Gelasius,'' Marianus,3 severally represent different Irish denominations. Thus, too,AnatoliusdoesnotappeartohavebeenanIrishname; and,yet,itisthe
Article IX. —^ On this a. d. day,
in the case of of Maelisa, Bishop
a. d. 1152.
^
Down,
1262, Odo Rigant, Archbishop of Rouen, came to visit the Abbey of Eu, in Normandy. It was probably the occasion, for some trans- lation of St. Laurence O'Toole's relics, or
This represents several compounds of Gilla, as Gillamacliag, Gilladomhnaill.
9th of this month ; and of Maelmuire, as in
the case of Marianus O'Gorman, the Mar-
tyrologist.
* The present, at least, is from a Greek
derivative root. Thus, Anatolia, because it lies relatively to Greece and towards the east, is supposed to come from the word avdToXr) which means "a coming forth,"
especially as applied to the rising sun or moon.
frequently very arbitrary.
Malachias,^
3 This represents Maelbrige, as in the caseofMarianustheChronist; Muiredhach, =* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus Feb- as in the case of Marianus Scotus, at the
fordepositingthem,inanewshrine.
i. , ruarii ii. Praetermissi et in alios dies re-
jecti, p. 269.
3 See his Life at this date.
Article x,
—
' There we meet this entry,
" Apud Hibemiam Sanct—a virgo Findech "
hoc die in Christo quievit. Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of the Scottish Saints," p. 4.
Article I. —Chapter i. —'This stands for Maelmaedhog, as in the case of Malachy O'Morgair, a. d. 1148 j and, for Maolisa, as
264 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
Saussay makes this saint a native of Scotia. s We have already seen, that many Irishmen were known in Continental countries by names, which they did not bear in Ireland. This is readily accounted for, since their original onesmighthavebeeninflectedbyforeigners,amongwhomtheylived. The present holy man's real name, in Irish, began, perhaps with Ana, according to Dr. Lanigan'sconjecture; but,thewholeremainingpartofwhich,strangers amongwhomheresidedcouldnotwellpronounce. ^ ColgantreatsofSt. Anatolius, at the 3rd of February. 7 The Bollandists allude to him much more diffusely, and with more abundant materials. They have, besides their own preliminary observations and notes, a short old Life, written by some anonymous author. ^ In addition, they present a sketch or a memoir, drawn up by Father Chifflet. 9 The first of these Lives alludes to the fact, that several ancient tracts, referring to the history of holy men, were lost, by accident, worn away from the effects of time, or destroyed by fire. Hence, from tradition had been gleaned a few sparse memorials, deemed to be useful,
and of for the instruction and worthy record,
example ThatSt. AnatoliuswasaScotis constantlyasserted,bymanywriters,who
havetoucheduponhishistory; and,thathewasanIrishoneappearsfrom
his being described as a countryman of St. Columbanus of Luxeu, of St.
Deicolus, and of other distinguished missionaries, whose nationality cannot
fairly be questioned. Thus, in the Acts of St. Maimbodus, a—fter St. Colum-
—olus,Columbanus,andothersaintsfromScotia theoldname banus, Deic
forIreland andwhohadillustratedBurgundy,Anatolius,"fromthesame
Scotia, is especially named. According to an opinion of Chififlet, in that little sketch of his Life, Anatolius might have lived, early in the fifth century. In that case. Dr. Lanigan opines, he should have been either a Greek or a Cilician. There was, indeed, an Anatolius, Bishop of Adana, in Cilicia, who took part with St. John Chrysostom against Theophilus of Alexandria, and of whom Palladius" says, that it was reported he had withdrawn to Gaul. ^3 Now, whatever might have been the vulgar mode of speaking that prevailed, after the sixth century, when the Irish began to be generally known in France ; it cannot be supposed, that an Oriental bishop, who lived before St. Patrick preached in Ireland, could have been called by the inhabitants of Gaul, a Scotus. ^4 That our saint was the latter, ancient tradition in the archdiocese of Besangon^s affirms.
s See "Martyrologium Gallicanum," at this day.
^
See"EcclesiasticalHistoryofIreland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 365-
stinatum. "—See John Bollandus, iu "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , F'ebruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo, Salinis in Burgundia. Commentarius Praevius, sect, i. , 3, p. 355.
"In Dialogo, "Vita S. Joannis Chry- sostomi," Archiep. Const,
^3 See an account regarding him, in
**
7 See ruarii iii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"Feb- De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Con-
fessore.
^
Ex diversis, p. 243.
This was procured from some Salins
"Operum Tomus Septimus," De Scriptori- bus Ecclesiasticis, Liber Unus, auctore Roberto S. R. E. Cardinale Bellarmino, So- cietatis Jesu, pp. 116, 117. He flourished in the fourth
Manuscript, through the Jesuit Father, Peter Francis Chifflet.
It is supposed to have been written in the tenth or eleventh century.
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo Salinis
in Burgundia, pp. 355 to 360.
^° See Vita auctore anonymo, es MSS.
eruta a Petro Francisco Chiffletio, sect, i. , P« 358-
century,
'4 See Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical His-
""
Post hos vero celeberrimum Confes-
lory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
'S Ceasar, in his Commentaries, describes this ancient city as " oppidum maximum Sequanorum. " He describes the River Doubs, surrounding it on all sides, like a fosse, except at one point of approach,
where a high mountain, secured by a wall, formed a kind of citadel. This was united
sorem praedicamus Anatolium, ex Scottia itidem genitum, lumen tibi a Domino de-
of future ^° generations.
IfEBRUARY 3. ] LIVES OF THn II^ISH SAINTS. 265
It has been imagined, that he of Adana, in CiUcia, was the AnatoHus, so famous at Salins. ^^ To account for his having been universally called a Scotus, Chifflet says, that he might have been so denominated, in the same manner, as all foreigners, in old times, were vulgarly called Scoti, in France/7 This is a truly pitiful evasion ; for, in the first place, Chifflet could not have provedthisposition; whereas,althoughtherewereinthemiddleagesvery many Irish there, yet, we know from the French writers of those times, that all foreigners were not indiscriminately called Scoti. For example, Alcuin, Theodulf, Claudius, Prudentius, &c. , are not reckoned among the Scoti, by the French,^^ because their respective countries were well known. The Bollandists have a sufficiently long dissertation, on the question of this AnatoliusbelongingtoConstantinopleorAdana. Topayacomplimentto
Chifflet, they state, that his opinion is probable ; yet, they lay down, that the other tradition, about Anatolius having been a Scotus, ought not to be rashly
disturbed, after being in possession, during a long line of centuries. '9 The early Scottish writers were greatly astray, in reference to his personality. ^'^ Anatolius of Salins has been confounded with Anatolius, Bishop of Laodicea,
Camerarius^' and He lived in the third — and wrote by Dempster. century,
on the Paschal Cycle. ''^ —Our saint has also been identified^3 but very in-
correctly we may assume with AnatoHus, a patriarch of Constantinople,^''* who lived in the fifth century. ^5 it seems hardly possible, at this time, and owing to the loss of early records, relating to his life, that we should be able to ascertain, when St. Anatolius first saw the light, or in what particular part of Ireland he was born. His original name is unknown, and his race is equallyunnoted, sothat,wemustonlyadducethefewincidentsofhiscareer, transmitted to us, through French sources.
Anatolius was a bishop, before he left Ireland, as would appear from his
special Acts. ^^ He was wholly intent on God's service, and devoted to a
contemplative life. As there is no preference of persons before the Almighty, the old anonymous writer did not deem it necessary to enquire about his
with the city, a great part of which lay with-
in a beautiful valley. See " Commentario-
»^
43, pp. 33, 33.
=* See at the 13th of April and at the 8th
of October, Camerarius, "Menologium Paradinus states, that in the time of Scoticum," pp. 196, 214. Bishop Forbes'
rum, de Bello Galileo," lib. L, cap. xxxviii.
King Lothaire IV. the precious body of St.
the who is said to Anatholius, Patriarch,
have been a Scot, owing to exertions of am-
bassadors, had been transferred from Con- "
"
Kalendars of the Scottish Saints. "
^^ his learning is alluded Incidentally great
stantinople to Salins. In Antiquitatibus lib. iii. , cap. 25, pp. 23$, 236.
Burgundicis. "
^7 See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Alia Vita ex schedis Pet. Franc. Chiffletii, Soc. Jesu, sect, i. , p. 359. Also the Commentarius Prsevius, sect, ii. , pp. 356, 359, ibid.
=3 For confirmation of his statement, "
»^ See Dr.
tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect. vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
pp. 357, 358,
old edition.
In Apparatu," p. cxlv. him " iste Scotticae
2° Thus
of these works :—i.
makes him the author
Fuit igitur
Lanigan's
tici,"
treats about this Anatolius.
"
=5SeeDempster's HistoriaEcclesiastica
Gentis Scotorvun," tomus i. , lib. i. , p. 32.
Dempster
regionis oriundus, Pontificali officio, ut fert priorum assertio, prreditus," &c. —See the Bollandists'
Contra Eutychianos, lib. i. 2. Ad Sanctissimum Leonem Papam,
" Ecclesiastical His-
451. Baronius, in his
^9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. Commentarius Praevius, sect, iii. , Also,
lib. i. 3. Ad Synodum Oecumenicam " Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , Februarii iii. Chalcedonensem, contra Eutychianos Col- Vita auctore anonymo, ex MSS. eruta a lectam, lib. i. See " Historia Ecclesiastica Pet. Franc. Chiffletio, S. J. , sect. 3, p. 358. Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. , sect.
to in the pages of Venerable Bede. See
"Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
Dempster foolishly cites Nicephorus' His- toria Ecclesiastica," lib. xv. , cap. xvi.
=+ He succeeded St. Flavian, and he was present at the Council of Chalcedon, A. D.
"
:
yir
Annales Ecclesias- from A. D. 449 to 458, when he died,
"
^^ In the anonymous Life, we read of
j66 LIVE^ of the IRISH SAINTS.
[February 3.
genealogy, particularly, as those, who have gone to join the angelic choirs, deservemostthehonourofbeingremembered. Meekness,patience,modera-
tion, abstinence, sobriety and modesty were his characteristics. But, above all things, he abounded in charity, the chief stay of a truly religious life. =7
Anatolius, like many of his countrymen, desired to make a pilgrimage to Rome,thathemightvisitthetombsoftheApostlesandMartyrs. =^^ Itseems
likely,hiscourseoftravelledhimthroughthekingdomofBurgundy; and, probably on the way, he frequently stopped to admire the beauties of its
mountain scenery. His primary object being accomplished, perhaps re- membrance of a favourite site led him back to select a settlement there, and
to close in the French highlands his mortal career.
CHAPTER II.
ST. ANATOLIUS SETTLES AT SALINS—DESCRIPTION OF THE PLACE—ST. ANATOLIUS LIVES THERE FOR A SHORT PERIOD—HIS DEATH—VENERATION PAID TO HIS MEMORY—MIRACLES AFTER HIS DEPARTURE—CONCLUSION.
In the archiepiscopate of Besangon,^—also called Crispolis^—there was a certain place, called Scodinga, where an old Roman road3 led through a valley. This is now known as the site where Salins+ is to be found, and according to some ancient records, the spot was characterized as Pagus
Scutingorum,s Scotengorum, or Scutengorum. ^ This region was probably so called, because it had become a favourite settlement for the Scots or Irish.
All this neighbourhood is remarkable for abounding in salt-springs, 7 scattered in different places. ^ Yet, not far apart are fountains of fresh water. The
spacious city of Salins 9 is charmingly located, on a wide plateau, between
^ See ibid, s See Fredegarius Scholasticus, cap. 24. '' ^"
Dempster, citing Mantissa Apparatus Historise Scoticae, pag. civ. , says, very ab- surdly, he was one of the Scots, who followed
**
Pope Innocent I. See
astica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. ,
Chesnay says, Defuncto Wandalmaro Duce, in pago Vetra-lurano et Scutingorum, Potadius Patricius ordinatur. "
^ Gollut, an old historian of Burgundy, thought that the salt-waters of Salins were
known in the middle
only ages. This,
however, appears to be a mistake ; for, Strabo tells us, that at Rome, the clear and
finely-tasted salt, which came from the
sect.
Chapter ii.
31,— 43, pp. 32.
'
This city, as we are told, was Latinized or Grecised Vesontis, Bisontis, or Chrysopolis, which latter signifies "the
Historia Ecclesi-
golden city," according to John James country of the Sequani, was held in great •* "
Chifflet Vesontionis," pars i. , cap. 12. esteem. See M. Bullet's Memoires sur la
^
In the fourth century, it being the chief Langue Celtique," tome i. Premiere city of the Crispolins. Bullet derives Be- Partie. Description Etymologique des
san9on from the Celtic roots, Bes, "a cur-
vature," an or on, **a river," and con, **a rock ;" in other words, the complete name isrenderedinFr—ench"rocdansunecour- burede riviere. " "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," tome i. Description Etymolo- gique des Gaules, p. 144.
3 See Ludovicus GoUutius, " De Rebus
Sequanicis," lib. ii. , cap. 10, 22. This road extends for three leagues, and it was paved with stones, where the rocks were not to be found. Ibid>, cap. 32.
< A French writer, M. Pelisson, has given
a very interesting description of Salins, and its salt-waters,
Gaules, p. 183.
^
HenceSalinsderiveditsname. Saltof remarkable whiteness was manufactured there,anditbecameachiefarticleofcom* merce, having been drawn away to distant places in large waggons. The salt manu* factories and warehouses of Salins, as also its elegant and fine buildings, churches, and walls, are described by Franciscus Ran* chinus, "Europa," tomus ii. , and by Jean
Jaques Chifflet, 5.
"
Vesontionis," pars i. , cap.
' Sal is rendered into sel in French, and it is made solan into the Irish and Gaelic Scottish languages, in M. Bullet's celebrated
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 267
two distant mountains. '° The name" of this city, according to Bullet," has a Celtic origin. '3 It is watered by a small river, called La Furieuse, and for more than seven hundred years,'* it has borne this name, although its original seems to have been Frws,^5 Latinized Furusia. ^^ This name, it is said to have obtained, from roaring torrents, that descended through its course, when rain fell abundantly, in the mountains around it. '7 it is stated, that on returning from Rome, Anatolius stopped at a beautifully situated mountain
or rock. Hence it was called the " valleyandcityofSalinae,nowSalins,inthedioceseofBesangon. '^ Atthis place, girded round by high hills, he prayed in an oratory, called from St Symphorian,martj^ofAutun. 's TheScottishpilgrimlikedthesite,andhede- termined on remaining there. It may be found at present in the Department of Jura. =° Here, Anatolius devoted himself to prayer ; and, as our Lord pro- mises every thing to his disciples who are so engaged,^^ the saint soon ob- tained the great object of his desires. He wished to depart from life, in this
="=
Al- though his name is not found in the list of the Besan§on prelates, drawn up by John J. Chifflet^3 and Robert Claude,^* yet Molanus and Ferrarius thought's that Anatolius was bishop over that see. Colgan^'^ and the Bollandists have shown, however, this is a mistake. It is clear, also, from his anonymous Life,thatAnatoliushadnoseeinFrance. Hisdesireappearstohavebeen, when he found his selected place for retirement, to avoid all ecclesiastical
happy valley, and so to obtain the everlasting felicity of the saints.
and learned work, "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," contenant. i° L'Histoire de cette Langue, et une indication des sources oil Ton peut la trouver aujourd 'hui.
Harris' Ware, vol. i. , pp. 177, 179.
"
Bishops of Clogher,"
—
"^
Edited by
s Colgan thinks it possible, Ermedus may be identical with St. Airmedach, Hermetius
362 Lives of 2he IRISH SAimS.
[February 2.
he flourished does not seem to be known. Even the date for his festival
becomes a subject of controversy f nor, is it necessary, always to class in- dividuals, similarly named in the Acts of our Saints, with the same category. The present parish of Clogher,7 in a barony, likewise so called, is of very considerable extent. Colgan places this saint, as a successor to Liberius,^ Bishop, over this see. We are left to infer from such a position, that the present saint flourished, probably long after a. d. 550, but previous to a. d. 731. 9 In pre-Christian times, this place had obtained celebrity. The very curious old moats, forts and an ancient graveyard, near the town of Clogher, are shown on the Ordnance Survey Townland Maps,^° for the County of Tyrone. These well deserve a more careful antiquarian enquiry, and in-
vestigation, than they have yet obtained.
ArticleVII. —St. Mothrianoc,Sonof-^ngus,ofRusgach. Itis probable, that the present saint had been honoured with a double festival. In the order of enumeration, this takes precedence. His father is called iEngus,butwecanmeetnofurthercluetohispedigreeandperiod. Atthe 2nd of February, we find set down in the Martyrology of Tallagh' a festival inhonourofMothrianocmacAengusa. Thereisnocorrespondingentryin the Martyrology of Donegal, at this date ; however, at the 20th of August," Mothenog, son of Aengus, Abbot of Riisgach, is there noted. 3 At this same date, the saint and place, without his patronymic is mentioned, in the Mar- tyrology of Tallagh. 4 There are various denominations in Ireland, known as Riasg, Riasc, Reisk, Rusg, Roosk, Rusk, signifying a moor, marsh or fen. The adjective forms are in still more general use ; and these give names to all those places called Roosky, Rusgaidh, Rooskagh, Roosca, Rousky and Rusky, of which there are about fifty in the four provinces of Ireland. ^ Originally, these were marshy or fenny places. ^ The present Rusgach thus derived its name ; but, it seems difiicult, if not impossible, to decide on its exact situation.
Article VIII. —St. Colman. This St. Colman may possibly be in-
tended for the St. Columban, of whom there is a short notice, at this day, in
"^
the Natales Sanctorum Belgii. " At the 2nd of February, the name Colman
is merely entered, in the Martyrology of Tallagh. ^ In addition to one, there is another St. Colman, separately mentioned in the Martyrology of Donegal,3 as having a festival, at this date. But, we are not informed, regarding that locality, in which he had been venerated.
* See the notices of St. Airmedach, Her-
metius or Ermedach, Abbot of Craibhi-
Laisre, at the 1st of January.
s By consulting the " General Alphabe* tical Index to the Townland and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland," &c. , pp. 796, 797, 806, 949, the reader will discover, at least sixty places bearing the aforesaid denominations, or their compounds. There are sixty-nine places besides, called Rush, the Anglicized form, with its different com- pounds. See pp. 805, 806. Dublin, 1861, lol.
^
See Dr. P. W. Joyce's "Origin and History of Irish Names of Places," part iv. , chap, vi. , p. 448.
^ See
"
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
for the County of Tyrone. " Sheets 51, 52,
57> 58, S9> 63, 64, 65, 68.
^
His feast occurs on the 2nd of Novem- ber.
9 See ** Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"xxiv.
Martii. Vita S. Maccarthenni. Appendix,
cap. iv. , p. 742.
" On Sheets 58, 59. Article vii. —» Edited
xiv.
Rev. Dr. See notices of him at that date.
Kelly, p. *
Article viii. —» In one 22.
paragraph, p.
3 See Drs. Todd and Reeves'
° 3
36,
Edited
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 37.
edition, pp. ^ See Dr. Kelly's edition, p. xxxii.
by
Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p.
xiv.
36, 37, and 224, 225.
by
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 263
Article IX. —Feast of St. Laurence, an Irish Bishop. {Twelfth
Century. ] A manuscript of Florarius, treats about an Irish bishop, called Laurence,atthe2ndofFebruary;^ theBollandistsrightlyconsiderhimto be identical with St. Laurence OToole, Archbishop of Dublin,^ whose chief feast occurs, on the 14th of November. 3 At Eu, in Normandy, where he died, the present seems to have been a local festival.
ArticleX. —FestivalofaReputedSt. Findech,Virgin. Atthe 2nd of February, in the " Kalendarium Drummondiense," we find it stated,^ that in Ireland, a St. Findech, Virgin, reposed in Christ. Possibly, this saint may be distinguished from Findeach Duimd, already noticed ; or, more likely, some confusion has been admitted, in placing such a notice, on the Scottish Calendar, in reference to the holy personage connected with Magh Raighne.
Cftirir Bap of jfebruarp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. ANATOLIUS, BISHOP OF SALINS, FRANCE.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—CHANGE OF IRISH NAMES—VARIOUS OPINIONS OF WRITERS REGARD- ING ST. ANATOLIUS—BORN IN IRELAND—HE BECOMES A BISHOP THERE—HE VISITS ROME, AND RETURNS THROUGH FRANCE.
use of Latinized or Grecised forms, for the original Irish names of
Thus
equivalent for some original title, now unknown. While living on the Continent, the present holy man might have assumed it, as being more easily pronounced
than his original designation. Perhaps, this had the same meaning ; yet, it would prove more than difficult to determine the Irish cognomen, even were wecorrectinthederivationofhisreceivedandtransmittedname. -* Andrew
THE
various is
holy men,
Gelasius,'' Marianus,3 severally represent different Irish denominations. Thus, too,AnatoliusdoesnotappeartohavebeenanIrishname; and,yet,itisthe
Article IX. —^ On this a. d. day,
in the case of of Maelisa, Bishop
a. d. 1152.
^
Down,
1262, Odo Rigant, Archbishop of Rouen, came to visit the Abbey of Eu, in Normandy. It was probably the occasion, for some trans- lation of St. Laurence O'Toole's relics, or
This represents several compounds of Gilla, as Gillamacliag, Gilladomhnaill.
9th of this month ; and of Maelmuire, as in
the case of Marianus O'Gorman, the Mar-
tyrologist.
* The present, at least, is from a Greek
derivative root. Thus, Anatolia, because it lies relatively to Greece and towards the east, is supposed to come from the word avdToXr) which means "a coming forth,"
especially as applied to the rising sun or moon.
frequently very arbitrary.
Malachias,^
3 This represents Maelbrige, as in the caseofMarianustheChronist; Muiredhach, =* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus Feb- as in the case of Marianus Scotus, at the
fordepositingthem,inanewshrine.
i. , ruarii ii. Praetermissi et in alios dies re-
jecti, p. 269.
3 See his Life at this date.
Article x,
—
' There we meet this entry,
" Apud Hibemiam Sanct—a virgo Findech "
hoc die in Christo quievit. Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of the Scottish Saints," p. 4.
Article I. —Chapter i. —'This stands for Maelmaedhog, as in the case of Malachy O'Morgair, a. d. 1148 j and, for Maolisa, as
264 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
Saussay makes this saint a native of Scotia. s We have already seen, that many Irishmen were known in Continental countries by names, which they did not bear in Ireland. This is readily accounted for, since their original onesmighthavebeeninflectedbyforeigners,amongwhomtheylived. The present holy man's real name, in Irish, began, perhaps with Ana, according to Dr. Lanigan'sconjecture; but,thewholeremainingpartofwhich,strangers amongwhomheresidedcouldnotwellpronounce. ^ ColgantreatsofSt. Anatolius, at the 3rd of February. 7 The Bollandists allude to him much more diffusely, and with more abundant materials. They have, besides their own preliminary observations and notes, a short old Life, written by some anonymous author. ^ In addition, they present a sketch or a memoir, drawn up by Father Chifflet. 9 The first of these Lives alludes to the fact, that several ancient tracts, referring to the history of holy men, were lost, by accident, worn away from the effects of time, or destroyed by fire. Hence, from tradition had been gleaned a few sparse memorials, deemed to be useful,
and of for the instruction and worthy record,
example ThatSt. AnatoliuswasaScotis constantlyasserted,bymanywriters,who
havetoucheduponhishistory; and,thathewasanIrishoneappearsfrom
his being described as a countryman of St. Columbanus of Luxeu, of St.
Deicolus, and of other distinguished missionaries, whose nationality cannot
fairly be questioned. Thus, in the Acts of St. Maimbodus, a—fter St. Colum-
—olus,Columbanus,andothersaintsfromScotia theoldname banus, Deic
forIreland andwhohadillustratedBurgundy,Anatolius,"fromthesame
Scotia, is especially named. According to an opinion of Chififlet, in that little sketch of his Life, Anatolius might have lived, early in the fifth century. In that case. Dr. Lanigan opines, he should have been either a Greek or a Cilician. There was, indeed, an Anatolius, Bishop of Adana, in Cilicia, who took part with St. John Chrysostom against Theophilus of Alexandria, and of whom Palladius" says, that it was reported he had withdrawn to Gaul. ^3 Now, whatever might have been the vulgar mode of speaking that prevailed, after the sixth century, when the Irish began to be generally known in France ; it cannot be supposed, that an Oriental bishop, who lived before St. Patrick preached in Ireland, could have been called by the inhabitants of Gaul, a Scotus. ^4 That our saint was the latter, ancient tradition in the archdiocese of Besangon^s affirms.
s See "Martyrologium Gallicanum," at this day.
^
See"EcclesiasticalHistoryofIreland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 365-
stinatum. "—See John Bollandus, iu "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , F'ebruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo, Salinis in Burgundia. Commentarius Praevius, sect, i. , 3, p. 355.
"In Dialogo, "Vita S. Joannis Chry- sostomi," Archiep. Const,
^3 See an account regarding him, in
**
7 See ruarii iii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"Feb- De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Con-
fessore.
^
Ex diversis, p. 243.
This was procured from some Salins
"Operum Tomus Septimus," De Scriptori- bus Ecclesiasticis, Liber Unus, auctore Roberto S. R. E. Cardinale Bellarmino, So- cietatis Jesu, pp. 116, 117. He flourished in the fourth
Manuscript, through the Jesuit Father, Peter Francis Chifflet.
It is supposed to have been written in the tenth or eleventh century.
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo Salinis
in Burgundia, pp. 355 to 360.
^° See Vita auctore anonymo, es MSS.
eruta a Petro Francisco Chiffletio, sect, i. , P« 358-
century,
'4 See Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical His-
""
Post hos vero celeberrimum Confes-
lory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
'S Ceasar, in his Commentaries, describes this ancient city as " oppidum maximum Sequanorum. " He describes the River Doubs, surrounding it on all sides, like a fosse, except at one point of approach,
where a high mountain, secured by a wall, formed a kind of citadel. This was united
sorem praedicamus Anatolium, ex Scottia itidem genitum, lumen tibi a Domino de-
of future ^° generations.
IfEBRUARY 3. ] LIVES OF THn II^ISH SAINTS. 265
It has been imagined, that he of Adana, in CiUcia, was the AnatoHus, so famous at Salins. ^^ To account for his having been universally called a Scotus, Chifflet says, that he might have been so denominated, in the same manner, as all foreigners, in old times, were vulgarly called Scoti, in France/7 This is a truly pitiful evasion ; for, in the first place, Chifflet could not have provedthisposition; whereas,althoughtherewereinthemiddleagesvery many Irish there, yet, we know from the French writers of those times, that all foreigners were not indiscriminately called Scoti. For example, Alcuin, Theodulf, Claudius, Prudentius, &c. , are not reckoned among the Scoti, by the French,^^ because their respective countries were well known. The Bollandists have a sufficiently long dissertation, on the question of this AnatoliusbelongingtoConstantinopleorAdana. Topayacomplimentto
Chifflet, they state, that his opinion is probable ; yet, they lay down, that the other tradition, about Anatolius having been a Scotus, ought not to be rashly
disturbed, after being in possession, during a long line of centuries. '9 The early Scottish writers were greatly astray, in reference to his personality. ^'^ Anatolius of Salins has been confounded with Anatolius, Bishop of Laodicea,
Camerarius^' and He lived in the third — and wrote by Dempster. century,
on the Paschal Cycle. ''^ —Our saint has also been identified^3 but very in-
correctly we may assume with AnatoHus, a patriarch of Constantinople,^''* who lived in the fifth century. ^5 it seems hardly possible, at this time, and owing to the loss of early records, relating to his life, that we should be able to ascertain, when St. Anatolius first saw the light, or in what particular part of Ireland he was born. His original name is unknown, and his race is equallyunnoted, sothat,wemustonlyadducethefewincidentsofhiscareer, transmitted to us, through French sources.
Anatolius was a bishop, before he left Ireland, as would appear from his
special Acts. ^^ He was wholly intent on God's service, and devoted to a
contemplative life. As there is no preference of persons before the Almighty, the old anonymous writer did not deem it necessary to enquire about his
with the city, a great part of which lay with-
in a beautiful valley. See " Commentario-
»^
43, pp. 33, 33.
=* See at the 13th of April and at the 8th
of October, Camerarius, "Menologium Paradinus states, that in the time of Scoticum," pp. 196, 214. Bishop Forbes'
rum, de Bello Galileo," lib. L, cap. xxxviii.
King Lothaire IV. the precious body of St.
the who is said to Anatholius, Patriarch,
have been a Scot, owing to exertions of am-
bassadors, had been transferred from Con- "
"
Kalendars of the Scottish Saints. "
^^ his learning is alluded Incidentally great
stantinople to Salins. In Antiquitatibus lib. iii. , cap. 25, pp. 23$, 236.
Burgundicis. "
^7 See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Alia Vita ex schedis Pet. Franc. Chiffletii, Soc. Jesu, sect, i. , p. 359. Also the Commentarius Prsevius, sect, ii. , pp. 356, 359, ibid.
=3 For confirmation of his statement, "
»^ See Dr.
tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect. vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
pp. 357, 358,
old edition.
In Apparatu," p. cxlv. him " iste Scotticae
2° Thus
of these works :—i.
makes him the author
Fuit igitur
Lanigan's
tici,"
treats about this Anatolius.
"
=5SeeDempster's HistoriaEcclesiastica
Gentis Scotorvun," tomus i. , lib. i. , p. 32.
Dempster
regionis oriundus, Pontificali officio, ut fert priorum assertio, prreditus," &c. —See the Bollandists'
Contra Eutychianos, lib. i. 2. Ad Sanctissimum Leonem Papam,
" Ecclesiastical His-
451. Baronius, in his
^9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. Commentarius Praevius, sect, iii. , Also,
lib. i. 3. Ad Synodum Oecumenicam " Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , Februarii iii. Chalcedonensem, contra Eutychianos Col- Vita auctore anonymo, ex MSS. eruta a lectam, lib. i. See " Historia Ecclesiastica Pet. Franc. Chiffletio, S. J. , sect. 3, p. 358. Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. , sect.
to in the pages of Venerable Bede. See
"Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
Dempster foolishly cites Nicephorus' His- toria Ecclesiastica," lib. xv. , cap. xvi.
=+ He succeeded St. Flavian, and he was present at the Council of Chalcedon, A. D.
"
:
yir
Annales Ecclesias- from A. D. 449 to 458, when he died,
"
^^ In the anonymous Life, we read of
j66 LIVE^ of the IRISH SAINTS.
[February 3.
genealogy, particularly, as those, who have gone to join the angelic choirs, deservemostthehonourofbeingremembered. Meekness,patience,modera-
tion, abstinence, sobriety and modesty were his characteristics. But, above all things, he abounded in charity, the chief stay of a truly religious life. =7
Anatolius, like many of his countrymen, desired to make a pilgrimage to Rome,thathemightvisitthetombsoftheApostlesandMartyrs. =^^ Itseems
likely,hiscourseoftravelledhimthroughthekingdomofBurgundy; and, probably on the way, he frequently stopped to admire the beauties of its
mountain scenery. His primary object being accomplished, perhaps re- membrance of a favourite site led him back to select a settlement there, and
to close in the French highlands his mortal career.
CHAPTER II.
ST. ANATOLIUS SETTLES AT SALINS—DESCRIPTION OF THE PLACE—ST. ANATOLIUS LIVES THERE FOR A SHORT PERIOD—HIS DEATH—VENERATION PAID TO HIS MEMORY—MIRACLES AFTER HIS DEPARTURE—CONCLUSION.
In the archiepiscopate of Besangon,^—also called Crispolis^—there was a certain place, called Scodinga, where an old Roman road3 led through a valley. This is now known as the site where Salins+ is to be found, and according to some ancient records, the spot was characterized as Pagus
Scutingorum,s Scotengorum, or Scutengorum. ^ This region was probably so called, because it had become a favourite settlement for the Scots or Irish.
All this neighbourhood is remarkable for abounding in salt-springs, 7 scattered in different places. ^ Yet, not far apart are fountains of fresh water. The
spacious city of Salins 9 is charmingly located, on a wide plateau, between
^ See ibid, s See Fredegarius Scholasticus, cap. 24. '' ^"
Dempster, citing Mantissa Apparatus Historise Scoticae, pag. civ. , says, very ab- surdly, he was one of the Scots, who followed
**
Pope Innocent I. See
astica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. ,
Chesnay says, Defuncto Wandalmaro Duce, in pago Vetra-lurano et Scutingorum, Potadius Patricius ordinatur. "
^ Gollut, an old historian of Burgundy, thought that the salt-waters of Salins were
known in the middle
only ages. This,
however, appears to be a mistake ; for, Strabo tells us, that at Rome, the clear and
finely-tasted salt, which came from the
sect.
Chapter ii.
31,— 43, pp. 32.
'
This city, as we are told, was Latinized or Grecised Vesontis, Bisontis, or Chrysopolis, which latter signifies "the
Historia Ecclesi-
golden city," according to John James country of the Sequani, was held in great •* "
Chifflet Vesontionis," pars i. , cap. 12. esteem. See M. Bullet's Memoires sur la
^
In the fourth century, it being the chief Langue Celtique," tome i. Premiere city of the Crispolins. Bullet derives Be- Partie. Description Etymologique des
san9on from the Celtic roots, Bes, "a cur-
vature," an or on, **a river," and con, **a rock ;" in other words, the complete name isrenderedinFr—ench"rocdansunecour- burede riviere. " "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," tome i. Description Etymolo- gique des Gaules, p. 144.
3 See Ludovicus GoUutius, " De Rebus
Sequanicis," lib. ii. , cap. 10, 22. This road extends for three leagues, and it was paved with stones, where the rocks were not to be found. Ibid>, cap. 32.
< A French writer, M. Pelisson, has given
a very interesting description of Salins, and its salt-waters,
Gaules, p. 183.
^
HenceSalinsderiveditsname. Saltof remarkable whiteness was manufactured there,anditbecameachiefarticleofcom* merce, having been drawn away to distant places in large waggons. The salt manu* factories and warehouses of Salins, as also its elegant and fine buildings, churches, and walls, are described by Franciscus Ran* chinus, "Europa," tomus ii. , and by Jean
Jaques Chifflet, 5.
"
Vesontionis," pars i. , cap.
' Sal is rendered into sel in French, and it is made solan into the Irish and Gaelic Scottish languages, in M. Bullet's celebrated
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 267
two distant mountains. '° The name" of this city, according to Bullet," has a Celtic origin. '3 It is watered by a small river, called La Furieuse, and for more than seven hundred years,'* it has borne this name, although its original seems to have been Frws,^5 Latinized Furusia. ^^ This name, it is said to have obtained, from roaring torrents, that descended through its course, when rain fell abundantly, in the mountains around it. '7 it is stated, that on returning from Rome, Anatolius stopped at a beautifully situated mountain
or rock. Hence it was called the " valleyandcityofSalinae,nowSalins,inthedioceseofBesangon. '^ Atthis place, girded round by high hills, he prayed in an oratory, called from St Symphorian,martj^ofAutun. 's TheScottishpilgrimlikedthesite,andhede- termined on remaining there. It may be found at present in the Department of Jura. =° Here, Anatolius devoted himself to prayer ; and, as our Lord pro- mises every thing to his disciples who are so engaged,^^ the saint soon ob- tained the great object of his desires. He wished to depart from life, in this
="=
Al- though his name is not found in the list of the Besan§on prelates, drawn up by John J. Chifflet^3 and Robert Claude,^* yet Molanus and Ferrarius thought's that Anatolius was bishop over that see. Colgan^'^ and the Bollandists have shown, however, this is a mistake. It is clear, also, from his anonymous Life,thatAnatoliushadnoseeinFrance. Hisdesireappearstohavebeen, when he found his selected place for retirement, to avoid all ecclesiastical
happy valley, and so to obtain the everlasting felicity of the saints.
and learned work, "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," contenant. i° L'Histoire de cette Langue, et une indication des sources oil Ton peut la trouver aujourd 'hui.
