,n, County in hi,
eponymoU!
Hart-Clive-1962-Structure-and-Motif-in-Finnegans-Wake
{be reverse--first
, s. . Chapter Fiv~.
? M. Mog~I""",(<:<I. ),AJ-<Jo7<<M""II4OI),. . . . . . J"';'" c. . . -boodal<,
m. , '959, facl,,! ! p. . jII. ? u. . . . . ,PI'- ,~g-60.
? & . a b o v e , p . 9~ ,
? ThO. dot . h(Kdd follow . he _ 'Wheo-. l' on p. 6g8 of th<: E~{;'h
ed,;. ;. "-,, h"t . . om;,1<<1 through 'YPOJ">-phical erro. -_ I, io . ,t""""import. ,,,,,,, . ;ne< it repreoenb the nu<roo:u<4bO G<>unterpatl of 'be chapter. rna"",," OOO<tuc I""d_IJ(-,> Iu" l;<<. ally been r<<luc<:<l '0 ? uny ""~ ofcuboo, 'Hen: is Rlooro', . . ,~Joy<<, in aru. W<T '0 0,. . q"",'""", 'Ul. imately he "' no more than p,;n',,-', ;nk 1m my P"g<O. _Th. . . . . finally,;" the FI",h ~ Word,
,
'"
? Spatial Cycles: I- The Circle
spiralling in toward 7 EccJc. St""et and then away from il. "Ibi, level of 'I thaca' Qp<n, up many opportunitie! for fu rther di<. cussion for which, however, I have nO 'paee here. The orbits of Shem and Shaun are more nearly cireular, bocalUe in FiMtgtml Wilke Ihere i< no centre on to which a tme spiral might
bt made to converge. I . halltry to . how how Ih"", tv. . . , spatial eycles illWltrate the broad prin6pks of the Shern. Shaun dichowrny.
II: SHAUN'S CYCLE
Although it is Shem who writes the Letter and . eu Ihe whole literary world in a whirl, it i< Shaun who mu,t ddiv~r it; the la. b are shared. Shaun is the means of communication, a social catal)"t who plaY' the intermediary helwc<:n the two
world. of writer and reader withou t being involved in eitlu:r Or understanding the ,ignificance of his own menial hnt very necessary task. I. ike the T sar in Sup/Im Htr(J, Shaun iI a 'bt,olled Christ' (SH 1'2), a holy idiot and scapeg<>at? Mediator in? capahleofgraspinge"en the truth about himself. M a 'dd ivcrcr of ",ftmissives' it is his job to voyage 'round Ihe world in forty maik' (231. 14). His travels take him along one amI oft1u: eroS. of the cardinal points of the compass, . ymboli. y:d by tho Chri,. tian CroM and the Church which is built in iLiimage. TIle n:pre? sentative of a worn-out Age, Shaun move! westward to tho bottom end of this cross where, a . un. god oinking bolow the horizon, he will . . . . join the mute earth from which he . prang. Shaun'. movement from east to west, from tbe head "f t1u: (IOU t<> it! foot, is "f C<>UIX a spatial representation of hil JI\OV<Oment away from Cbrist, for though he is God'. repre. entative in the guise of the Parish Priest ofJIook III, he is, like }'ather }lynn in 'The S;'tc,. ,', a priest of the broken chalia, wdl on the way tm>,'ard that paral)"i. of the soul which iI 'imply a spirieual variant of Osvall's '",funing of the brain'. Shaun', decline is symbolised by hi> insensate prostration as 'Yawn' in III. S, He denounces hil brother IU 'my shemblable! My fr"ttrl' (489. 28)
but in fact it i, he him>elfwho dans U~ Millmu1l. l aua/aail/. IIWIU! r: in 111. 3 he. pews it fonh again in lCareely rtt<lgnisabl<: form, to
".
? Spatial Cycles: I - T h Circle
the dismay of the inqui,itorialspiritualist. . Shaun travels bact<-
ward. and '" faces the cast- looking IOward. the c><pe<:ted resurrection and observing the fornu of Ch. . utianity ~""n in burial. Rut as he p""'" out tbrough Galway and Ira""l, on to Ro. tcm and Philadelphia aCfOlSS the 'enid mad [cary' sea, he reappeal"! ! , miraculomly reoomtituted . . . the New Hero, the youthful, turbaned Earwickr who cntel'! Dublin Bay from the
(~9). Shaun', 'pirit ~ the Styx-
east, from 'Aria Major'
date-lin e in hi, journey around the globe and, having collected the an_import"-nt L<:tler from Boston, Mass. _ y m bol o f the Holy Ghmt-hc turno up again, 'After rounding his W1lrld of ancient day1' (6~3. 36), rencw~d in vigour by its life-giving power, thinly disguised and prepared In begin again b4 fertil4- ing trip up the Liffey, lravdling in a direction opposite to that ofthe female principle "" . . . 10 keep the cycles rolling. The very first page of Fi1lMgdfU W4. kt tdls "" thai the Hero arrives from
North America uio. Europe-that is, from the ea't- while in her ",liloqlly Anna drea"", ofhow she and Earwickr will sit on Howth looking out toward the rising ,un ofthe next generation to 'Walch would the letter you're wanting be coming may be' (623. 29). tn Book III Shaun, now no longer the vigorom invader in biI phallic sharp-prowed ship, but a rapidly leaking barrel, appears to be floating eaatward dOWll. river toward the mouth, but hU progreso, like that ofbil namCllake Scan climbing the wall in Roocicault'. ANal! I/a POI''''"' an optical iIIwion. H. raceo the cast but in fact tra",,1s westward, upstream, to both youth (the UpP<f ri""f) and death (the setting lun) at the . arne
tim<:: '. . . most easterly (but all goes welt! )' (85. 15). One. : more, apparent progr= in one direction generates a reaction in the other, and once again the charnet,," must luffer the hearttm. aking cane. :liation of all their effort which is the most tragic thing inJoycc'. great tragi. comedy. '
Shaun will eventually reach the New World but, likeJoye. :'. own SQn Giorgio (who made two triP" there), he will always be disappointed and return. Keverthcl. . . , in Ipite of cowtant
'A,,=,on,p. ,6,.
, Q". lhe coun'erp<>in' of W",. oo Ea. , in T. bloo I! . oo II! . p. '9.
)(5
? Spatial C)'cus: I - T h Circu
dilillwionment tbe Unit<:d Slates is the only Promised Land that Finlltgllli' Wake can "ffer and it even com. . to ,ymbol;'e a second_grade Heaven. In ;13 function a. the Promised Land
the U. S. will never be rcaeIted by Earwick~. . . . Moeeo, hut only by the next generation, Shaun; a. lkaven it can never be ,. . ,ached by Sbaun in the flesb, but only in tbe . pirit, afler h;' dcath and rtl5urrt'. <'. tion as the wandering ghost of Book Ill. In the United Stat. . he will make bis pilgrimage to the Dublin of the New W"rld, capilal of Lau,. .
,n, County in hi, eponymoU! stat<: of Georgia (3. 08) and, 'that which is above being,. . tbat which i, below', he will find the,. . ,,, glorified form ofh;' Father presiding ovcr a glorified Mullingar Pub and ,it On his rigbt hand: ',in righlhand son' (2119. IO), At f3I. ! I Shaun is described to the rhythm of 'Old Fol'" at Home', implying that he is equally at holm in both world. . In Joy~e'. vernon, however, the Son of Man can find nO m5t; having ,. . ,ached the haven of the N~w World be must d=end 10 ,"lfer again", Ihe liturgical year rdentlCS! ly begiru once mOre.
III: SHEM'S CYCLE
While Shaun'. can-west journey ;. q"a,i_honzontal, Shem'. displ. acelmnl is in Ihe vertical north-so"th dirtttion. 1Shem is the tbinker, the art;'t who plum! 's the deptill and I. ,. . ,. bis >oul in the pmct:S$. A Mover, he i, yet not an Unmoved Mover: as thert: ;. no . tationary absolute in Joyce'. world any more Ihan in Ein. tein's, tbe godlike Artist of the idealistic Stephen finds hiTJU<:lfobcying LaW! ofMotion like anybody . I. e, moving with equal and (in a sense) opJX>Oite vdocily 10 that which he im- parrs to h;' c. . . ,ation. Th;' is ofeou. . . . no more Ihan a deflated meehan;'lic model of the romantic notion thaI the artilt mUll damn hinuelf in order to impd hi< work into tbe . . . ,gion of glory. At. Stephen ,aY', alluding to his aJX>Owy and artistic miuion: '1 am not afraid to make a mi. <take, even a great
' & ' t;gur< HI, following: uu. d"gram may be ~ witlt thnt< ,,. . ,. t'0iil,,,,,. . . <~ ofPlato'. T_. . <! . t,furaornpk,f. ~I. Corn- ford, PIaU" o. m. . iol', ,. . ,. . don, t9~7, p. 73 and fro'Hi>pi<c<. s. . 0/,. Chopt. . ,fi~, I,below.
,,6
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Spatial Cycw: I-Till Circle
"""tHe, . . lifdong mistake, and perhaps . . . Iollg as eternity lOll' (AP 281), A Miltonic Satan, though Iall attraeti"", Shem finds hit P~mooium in the hoi and bdlish antipodes of Australia
- 'down under', lU il is popularly called. '
r. . x,. . , II!
'Ill< map oflheoouls' ~f! '<lle in <d. icf'
Shcm', and Shaun'. cyd es interxcl in the finl place in Dublin, whe~ a conflict belw~n Ihe two always takes plaIX, just", alnn and Salan find commOIl ground on earth, midway
b. twe<:n Heaven and Hell. ntis pallem is roughly . . . ,f1eeted in
, :\IU,,,,,', So\O. n . bo cirtuonnavi<<a'. . 'he , lobo; . . . 1'. ,,t". . Loti, IX, ~s If.
'"
IRUANO
S""UN'S O~&lT
? Spatial Cydts: 1- Tlu Cirdt
joyc~" own tJlpo:ri= . His oeveral trip' bad: to Dublin al\cr his initial fljght always brought him ;nro WIlmet with th~ Shaun. figures of that city. and a number of those ShaUllS,
notably Byme and Gogarty, did in raCt go to the United Stats. The hienn:hy of worlds in Filw:-IU 111mis now . . . . . , to be complete: the three united ',tates' of God (Trinity) in the Hea\lCn ofAm~rica; Patrid<', Purgatory and th~ earthly mean
in I~land; and a torrid al1. <<ral HeJl.
Australia', antipodal position, itl hot climate (whkh j oyce
would haY<) detr$ted) and ill early reputation as Ihe rough, tough, inhuman land <:J: the convict and pioneering dayo-the explon:r William Dampier u lled it ? ' I. and of sin, sand and IOl'C eyu'_all made il an ideal symbol of the Kingdom of the Dead. MoTeO''! ! ', larg" numbers of Shem's ante<<<knll had ""po:rience of it. Many an lrishmln was lransported there during the early days of colonisation when ;1 was, in the e~ of El,lropo:, lilllc more than a vasl prillOtl. Irishmen ""eking free- do,n from t~'ra"ny fled to the United State! ; those l~ fortunate men who were caught in insllJTe<:tion might be Dan;"h<<! 'down under', frequently to ""rve a life lentence. j oyce, who had ! 'ead a. . d heard i. . 1m YOUlh of the experiences of the F<;niana, and of~{jtchdlandDavilt,wasfuUya~ofthisIrishimageof lhe colony. T he Uni<<:d Statel. . . -as abo It land of<:rile, but the aile. . . -as ~. . . Jl,lntary. 'l'h. erc WlI. I hope, there wu a wealthy, a weUellabli. hed, and above all a 'Ylnpathetic new civilisation. And dwing the """"nd half of the ninetccnth century lhere was Fenian;"m. The oonln03l is pal enough, and j oyce m~dc good use of it in Fill! ltlatU W,. ,\-,.
Th~ faw of li. fe, as we know, pl~ycd into joyc. '. hands with astonishing frequency: in addition to the general aura of duth and damnation associated with 'New Holland' Ihe. . , was the original name of lhe ;"Iand. . tate of T asmania-'van O;"mcn',
l. and'- which. 10asilyand lIDine\1t>obly bewrna'w n De",,",', Land' (56. 21). T h;" is Shem', 'Pinlua! home; it is from here, at a Goldsmithian Traveller (". orne luy w Id or maundering pot~'-th. Devil;. traditionally a w. ndcrer), that he cOmes to Ireland, 'Inn the da)'! of the Bygning', just as Satan made hi.
n'
? Spatial Cycles: l - T l u Circle
way from Hell to tempt Ev~, According to ""rtain 'toughneclu' quoted by ShaUll ('6g,02), Shem is in facl a black Australian 'aboriginal', Ifhe wa4 there from the beginning, he i< evidently a r. lanichean co-cterna] Salan, whiclI i< a sorry thing for Shaun', vanity to have to admit, Hi< unwiIlingne>a to reform i< deplored
at 374'~7:
'The 6nd of hi, kind! An arliS! , sid And dirt ch ap at a $Ov-
erdgn a sku! ! 1 He knows hi. Fw bury Follies backwo<xU $0 you baLlt;r Se<: to your regent refutation. Ascare winde is rifing again about nio:: boy! ; going nati. . . ,'.
For good measure, van Di~rrI(:n',Land is surrounded by demonic ima",ry in one of the three ,eU of three a"'wen {hat Glugg (Shem) gives the tantalising girlo in n . I : 'monbreamstonc . . . Hellfeue<"! u:yn . .
, s. . Chapter Fiv~.
? M. Mog~I""",(<:<I. ),AJ-<Jo7<<M""II4OI),. . . . . . J"';'" c. . . -boodal<,
m. , '959, facl,,! ! p. . jII. ? u. . . . . ,PI'- ,~g-60.
? & . a b o v e , p . 9~ ,
? ThO. dot . h(Kdd follow . he _ 'Wheo-. l' on p. 6g8 of th<: E~{;'h
ed,;. ;. "-,, h"t . . om;,1<<1 through 'YPOJ">-phical erro. -_ I, io . ,t""""import. ,,,,,,, . ;ne< it repreoenb the nu<roo:u<4bO G<>unterpatl of 'be chapter. rna"",," OOO<tuc I""d_IJ(-,> Iu" l;<<. ally been r<<luc<:<l '0 ? uny ""~ ofcuboo, 'Hen: is Rlooro', . . ,~Joy<<, in aru. W<T '0 0,. . q"",'""", 'Ul. imately he "' no more than p,;n',,-', ;nk 1m my P"g<O. _Th. . . . . finally,;" the FI",h ~ Word,
,
'"
? Spatial Cycles: I- The Circle
spiralling in toward 7 EccJc. St""et and then away from il. "Ibi, level of 'I thaca' Qp<n, up many opportunitie! for fu rther di<. cussion for which, however, I have nO 'paee here. The orbits of Shem and Shaun are more nearly cireular, bocalUe in FiMtgtml Wilke Ihere i< no centre on to which a tme spiral might
bt made to converge. I . halltry to . how how Ih"", tv. . . , spatial eycles illWltrate the broad prin6pks of the Shern. Shaun dichowrny.
II: SHAUN'S CYCLE
Although it is Shem who writes the Letter and . eu Ihe whole literary world in a whirl, it i< Shaun who mu,t ddiv~r it; the la. b are shared. Shaun is the means of communication, a social catal)"t who plaY' the intermediary helwc<:n the two
world. of writer and reader withou t being involved in eitlu:r Or understanding the ,ignificance of his own menial hnt very necessary task. I. ike the T sar in Sup/Im Htr(J, Shaun iI a 'bt,olled Christ' (SH 1'2), a holy idiot and scapeg<>at? Mediator in? capahleofgraspinge"en the truth about himself. M a 'dd ivcrcr of ",ftmissives' it is his job to voyage 'round Ihe world in forty maik' (231. 14). His travels take him along one amI oft1u: eroS. of the cardinal points of the compass, . ymboli. y:d by tho Chri,. tian CroM and the Church which is built in iLiimage. TIle n:pre? sentative of a worn-out Age, Shaun move! westward to tho bottom end of this cross where, a . un. god oinking bolow the horizon, he will . . . . join the mute earth from which he . prang. Shaun'. movement from east to west, from tbe head "f t1u: (IOU t<> it! foot, is "f C<>UIX a spatial representation of hil JI\OV<Oment away from Cbrist, for though he is God'. repre. entative in the guise of the Parish Priest ofJIook III, he is, like }'ather }lynn in 'The S;'tc,. ,', a priest of the broken chalia, wdl on the way tm>,'ard that paral)"i. of the soul which iI 'imply a spirieual variant of Osvall's '",funing of the brain'. Shaun', decline is symbolised by hi> insensate prostration as 'Yawn' in III. S, He denounces hil brother IU 'my shemblable! My fr"ttrl' (489. 28)
but in fact it i, he him>elfwho dans U~ Millmu1l. l aua/aail/. IIWIU! r: in 111. 3 he. pews it fonh again in lCareely rtt<lgnisabl<: form, to
".
? Spatial Cycles: I - T h Circle
the dismay of the inqui,itorialspiritualist. . Shaun travels bact<-
ward. and '" faces the cast- looking IOward. the c><pe<:ted resurrection and observing the fornu of Ch. . utianity ~""n in burial. Rut as he p""'" out tbrough Galway and Ira""l, on to Ro. tcm and Philadelphia aCfOlSS the 'enid mad [cary' sea, he reappeal"! ! , miraculomly reoomtituted . . . the New Hero, the youthful, turbaned Earwickr who cntel'! Dublin Bay from the
(~9). Shaun', 'pirit ~ the Styx-
east, from 'Aria Major'
date-lin e in hi, journey around the globe and, having collected the an_import"-nt L<:tler from Boston, Mass. _ y m bol o f the Holy Ghmt-hc turno up again, 'After rounding his W1lrld of ancient day1' (6~3. 36), rencw~d in vigour by its life-giving power, thinly disguised and prepared In begin again b4 fertil4- ing trip up the Liffey, lravdling in a direction opposite to that ofthe female principle "" . . . 10 keep the cycles rolling. The very first page of Fi1lMgdfU W4. kt tdls "" thai the Hero arrives from
North America uio. Europe-that is, from the ea't- while in her ",liloqlly Anna drea"", ofhow she and Earwickr will sit on Howth looking out toward the rising ,un ofthe next generation to 'Walch would the letter you're wanting be coming may be' (623. 29). tn Book III Shaun, now no longer the vigorom invader in biI phallic sharp-prowed ship, but a rapidly leaking barrel, appears to be floating eaatward dOWll. river toward the mouth, but hU progreso, like that ofbil namCllake Scan climbing the wall in Roocicault'. ANal! I/a POI''''"' an optical iIIwion. H. raceo the cast but in fact tra",,1s westward, upstream, to both youth (the UpP<f ri""f) and death (the setting lun) at the . arne
tim<:: '. . . most easterly (but all goes welt! )' (85. 15). One. : more, apparent progr= in one direction generates a reaction in the other, and once again the charnet,," must luffer the hearttm. aking cane. :liation of all their effort which is the most tragic thing inJoycc'. great tragi. comedy. '
Shaun will eventually reach the New World but, likeJoye. :'. own SQn Giorgio (who made two triP" there), he will always be disappointed and return. Keverthcl. . . , in Ipite of cowtant
'A,,=,on,p. ,6,.
, Q". lhe coun'erp<>in' of W",. oo Ea. , in T. bloo I! . oo II! . p. '9.
)(5
? Spatial C)'cus: I - T h Circu
dilillwionment tbe Unit<:d Slates is the only Promised Land that Finlltgllli' Wake can "ffer and it even com. . to ,ymbol;'e a second_grade Heaven. In ;13 function a. the Promised Land
the U. S. will never be rcaeIted by Earwick~. . . . Moeeo, hut only by the next generation, Shaun; a. lkaven it can never be ,. . ,ached by Sbaun in the flesb, but only in tbe . pirit, afler h;' dcath and rtl5urrt'. <'. tion as the wandering ghost of Book Ill. In the United Stat. . he will make bis pilgrimage to the Dublin of the New W"rld, capilal of Lau,. .
,n, County in hi, eponymoU! stat<: of Georgia (3. 08) and, 'that which is above being,. . tbat which i, below', he will find the,. . ,,, glorified form ofh;' Father presiding ovcr a glorified Mullingar Pub and ,it On his rigbt hand: ',in righlhand son' (2119. IO), At f3I. ! I Shaun is described to the rhythm of 'Old Fol'" at Home', implying that he is equally at holm in both world. . In Joy~e'. vernon, however, the Son of Man can find nO m5t; having ,. . ,ached the haven of the N~w World be must d=end 10 ,"lfer again", Ihe liturgical year rdentlCS! ly begiru once mOre.
III: SHEM'S CYCLE
While Shaun'. can-west journey ;. q"a,i_honzontal, Shem'. displ. acelmnl is in Ihe vertical north-so"th dirtttion. 1Shem is the tbinker, the art;'t who plum! 's the deptill and I. ,. . ,. bis >oul in the pmct:S$. A Mover, he i, yet not an Unmoved Mover: as thert: ;. no . tationary absolute in Joyce'. world any more Ihan in Ein. tein's, tbe godlike Artist of the idealistic Stephen finds hiTJU<:lfobcying LaW! ofMotion like anybody . I. e, moving with equal and (in a sense) opJX>Oite vdocily 10 that which he im- parrs to h;' c. . . ,ation. Th;' is ofeou. . . . no more Ihan a deflated meehan;'lic model of the romantic notion thaI the artilt mUll damn hinuelf in order to impd hi< work into tbe . . . ,gion of glory. At. Stephen ,aY', alluding to his aJX>Owy and artistic miuion: '1 am not afraid to make a mi. <take, even a great
' & ' t;gur< HI, following: uu. d"gram may be ~ witlt thnt< ,,. . ,. t'0iil,,,,,. . . <~ ofPlato'. T_. . <! . t,furaornpk,f. ~I. Corn- ford, PIaU" o. m. . iol', ,. . ,. . don, t9~7, p. 73 and fro'Hi>pi<c<. s. . 0/,. Chopt. . ,fi~, I,below.
,,6
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Spatial Cycw: I-Till Circle
"""tHe, . . lifdong mistake, and perhaps . . . Iollg as eternity lOll' (AP 281), A Miltonic Satan, though Iall attraeti"", Shem finds hit P~mooium in the hoi and bdlish antipodes of Australia
- 'down under', lU il is popularly called. '
r. . x,. . , II!
'Ill< map oflheoouls' ~f! '<lle in <d. icf'
Shcm', and Shaun'. cyd es interxcl in the finl place in Dublin, whe~ a conflict belw~n Ihe two always takes plaIX, just", alnn and Salan find commOIl ground on earth, midway
b. twe<:n Heaven and Hell. ntis pallem is roughly . . . ,f1eeted in
, :\IU,,,,,', So\O. n . bo cirtuonnavi<<a'. . 'he , lobo; . . . 1'. ,,t". . Loti, IX, ~s If.
'"
IRUANO
S""UN'S O~&lT
? Spatial Cydts: 1- Tlu Cirdt
joyc~" own tJlpo:ri= . His oeveral trip' bad: to Dublin al\cr his initial fljght always brought him ;nro WIlmet with th~ Shaun. figures of that city. and a number of those ShaUllS,
notably Byme and Gogarty, did in raCt go to the United Stats. The hienn:hy of worlds in Filw:-IU 111mis now . . . . . , to be complete: the three united ',tates' of God (Trinity) in the Hea\lCn ofAm~rica; Patrid<', Purgatory and th~ earthly mean
in I~land; and a torrid al1. <<ral HeJl.
Australia', antipodal position, itl hot climate (whkh j oyce
would haY<) detr$ted) and ill early reputation as Ihe rough, tough, inhuman land <:J: the convict and pioneering dayo-the explon:r William Dampier u lled it ? ' I. and of sin, sand and IOl'C eyu'_all made il an ideal symbol of the Kingdom of the Dead. MoTeO''! ! ', larg" numbers of Shem's ante<<<knll had ""po:rience of it. Many an lrishmln was lransported there during the early days of colonisation when ;1 was, in the e~ of El,lropo:, lilllc more than a vasl prillOtl. Irishmen ""eking free- do,n from t~'ra"ny fled to the United State! ; those l~ fortunate men who were caught in insllJTe<:tion might be Dan;"h<<! 'down under', frequently to ""rve a life lentence. j oyce, who had ! 'ead a. . d heard i. . 1m YOUlh of the experiences of the F<;niana, and of~{jtchdlandDavilt,wasfuUya~ofthisIrishimageof lhe colony. T he Uni<<:d Statel. . . -as abo It land of<:rile, but the aile. . . -as ~. . . Jl,lntary. 'l'h. erc WlI. I hope, there wu a wealthy, a weUellabli. hed, and above all a 'Ylnpathetic new civilisation. And dwing the """"nd half of the ninetccnth century lhere was Fenian;"m. The oonln03l is pal enough, and j oyce m~dc good use of it in Fill! ltlatU W,. ,\-,.
Th~ faw of li. fe, as we know, pl~ycd into joyc. '. hands with astonishing frequency: in addition to the general aura of duth and damnation associated with 'New Holland' Ihe. . , was the original name of lhe ;"Iand. . tate of T asmania-'van O;"mcn',
l. and'- which. 10asilyand lIDine\1t>obly bewrna'w n De",,",', Land' (56. 21). T h;" is Shem', 'Pinlua! home; it is from here, at a Goldsmithian Traveller (". orne luy w Id or maundering pot~'-th. Devil;. traditionally a w. ndcrer), that he cOmes to Ireland, 'Inn the da)'! of the Bygning', just as Satan made hi.
n'
? Spatial Cycles: l - T l u Circle
way from Hell to tempt Ev~, According to ""rtain 'toughneclu' quoted by ShaUll ('6g,02), Shem is in facl a black Australian 'aboriginal', Ifhe wa4 there from the beginning, he i< evidently a r. lanichean co-cterna] Salan, whiclI i< a sorry thing for Shaun', vanity to have to admit, Hi< unwiIlingne>a to reform i< deplored
at 374'~7:
'The 6nd of hi, kind! An arliS! , sid And dirt ch ap at a $Ov-
erdgn a sku! ! 1 He knows hi. Fw bury Follies backwo<xU $0 you baLlt;r Se<: to your regent refutation. Ascare winde is rifing again about nio:: boy! ; going nati. . . ,'.
For good measure, van Di~rrI(:n',Land is surrounded by demonic ima",ry in one of the three ,eU of three a"'wen {hat Glugg (Shem) gives the tantalising girlo in n . I : 'monbreamstonc . . . Hellfeue<"! u:yn . .
