66 he was made
but which in all probability belongs to B.
but which in all probability belongs to B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
D.
)
the speakers whose meagre and obsolete diction FUSCUS, CORNELIUS, one of the most
rendered their works impossible to read without active adherents of Vespasian in his contest with
an inclination to sleep or smile.
Vitellius for the empire A. D. 69. In decision,
3. Son of the preceding, consul B. c. 17. He zeal, and popularity with the soldiers, Tacitus
reconciled Augustus to his father, C. Furnius, who ranks Fuscus second to Antonius Primus alone.
had been up to B. C. 31 a staunch adherent of [PRIMUS, ANTONIUS. ) During Nero's reign,
M. Antonius. (Senec. Benefic. Ü. 25. ) It is Fuscus lived in retirement on an estate inherited
doubtful whether the Furnius put to death by the from noble ancestors ; but he served under Galba,
senate in the reign of Tiberius, A. D. 26, for adul- and was made by him procurator of Pannonia. In
tery with Claudia Pulchra, be the same person. the war with Vitellius, the fleet at Ravenna elected
(Tac. Ann. iv. 52. )
(W. B. D. ) Fuscus their leader, and under his command moved
FUSCIANUS. [TUSCIANUS. )
along the eastern coast of Italy, in concert with
FUSCUS, ARE'LLIUS, a rhetorician who the troops of Vespasian. For his services at this
flourished at Rome in the latter years of Augustus. time Vespasian rewarded Fuscus with the insignia
He was of equestrian rank, but was degraded from and rank of praetor. Under Domitian Fuscus was
cenate, and refused to isted
son of Metellus, who in
ProF on his knees. After
buneship, be was accused
actions during his mibolt
ultitude tore biz to pisos
B. C. i. 33; Dive C26.
109, pp. 43, 43, ed. Reis
of Heracleiz, as, theat
erres. He had star
nie passages are quoted
á Roman eques of the
e unknown. (Cic. ee
. )
!
jce in the Catilinaria
the military colaista
lands at Fiesta
50. ) [LS]
who was peccliaris
(Dictat dels
raediator, be took a
ating to the subject
. Vucius Scaerode
elf in every depart
co Furius and Car
liator) the clients
praediatorian lur.
til. 12 5 1. ) Tbs
th C. CAMILLS
[J. T. G. ]
(ANTENANTS)
of the plebs, 2. c
1 college, opposed
forward in the
the plebeiaas
## p. 192 (#208) ############################################
192
GABINIANUS.
GABINIUS.
1
captain of the body-guard, and gave himself up to | Rhetoribus. (Tac. de Orat. 26 ; Euseb. Chron. ad
the luxurious profusion of the time. Juvenal Vespas. ann. 8. )
(L. S.
describes him (iv. 112) as dreaming of battles in GABI'NIUS. 1. A. ? GABINIUS, in B. c. 167,
his marble house -
was placed by L. Anicius in the command of a
“ Fuscus marmorea meditatus praelia villa. "
garrison at Scodra in Illyricum, after the subju-
gation of king Gentius. (Liv. xlv. 26. )
Domitian, however, converted his dreams into re- 2. A. GABINIUS, was tribune of the plebs, in
ality, by sending him against the Dacians, who, B. c. 139, and introduced the first Ler Tabellaria,
under their king Decebalus, had recently defeated a which substituted the ballot for open voting (Dict.
Roman army, and were ravaging the province of of Ant. s. r. Tabellariae Leges. ) Porcius Latro (Do-
Maesia. Fuscus passed the Danube, but suffered clamat. c. Catilinam, c. 19) mentions a Lex Ga-
himself to be surprised by the Dacians, who de binia, by which clandestine assemblies in the city
stroyed his army, and captured his baggage and were punishable with death, but it is not known
standards. Martial wrote an epitaph on Fuscus to what age this law belongs, and even its exist-
(Ep. vi. 76), in which he refers to the Dacianence has been doubted. (Heinec. Antiq. Rom. iv.
campaign. (Tac. Hist. ii. 86, iii. 4, 12, 42, 66, tit. 17. § 47 ; Dirck, Versuche über das Criminul-
iv. 44 ; Suet. Domit. 6 ; Dion Cass. lxviii. 9; recht der Römer, Halle, 1822, pp. 73, 74. )
Oros. vii. 10; Tillemont, Hist. des Empereurs, 3. A. ? GABINIUS, was legatus in the Social
vol. iii. p. 172 ; Francke, Gesch. T'rajan's, p. 80. ) | War, and, in B. c. 89, after a successful campaign
Pliny (Ep. vii. 9) addressed a letter to Cornelius agninst the Marsi and Lucni, lost his life in a
Fuscus, recommending translation as one of the blockade of the enemy's camp. (Liv. Epit. 76 ;
best methods of attaining a pure, impressive, and Flor. ii. 18. § 13 ; Oros. v. 18, calls him Caius. )
copious style. But as his correspondent was pre- 4. A. GABINIUS, fought at Chaeroneia in the
paring himself for the business of the forum, he army of Sulla as military tribune, and in the
can scarcely have been the Fuscus of Vespasian's beginning of B. c. 81, was despatched by Sulla to
time. He was probably the son. (W. B. D. ) | Asia with instructions to Murena to end the war
FUSCUS, GELL'IUS, wrote some account of with Mithridates. He was a moderate and how
the life of Tetricus Junior, and is quoted by Tre- nourable man. (Plut. Sull. 16, 17 ; Appian, Mithr.
bellius Pollio. (Tetric. Jun. 25. )
66 ; Cic. pro Leg. Manil. 3. )
FUSUS, a surname of the two families, ME- 5. A. GABINIUS, of uncertain parentage, was
DULLINUS and PaciLUs, of the Furia Gens. Be addicted in youth to expensive pleasures, and gave
sides these, there are two members of the Furia way to the seductions of dice, wine, and women.
Gens who occur in the Fasti, without any other | His carefully curled hair was fragrant with un-
surname than that of Fusus, but these probably guents, and his cheeks were coloured with rouge.
belonged either to the Medullini or the Pacili, and He was a proficient in the dance, and his house
must not be regarded as forming a separate family. resounded with music and song. If we may trust
They are:-
the angry invective of Cicero (pro Sext. 8, 9, post
1. M. Furius Fusus, consular tribune in B. C. Red. in Sen. 4–8, in Pison. 11, pro Domo. 24,
403. (Fasti Capitol. ; Diod. xiv. 35. ) Instead of 48), he kept the most vicious company, and led the
him, Livy (v. 1) gives M. Postumius. This M. most impure and profligate life. Having dissi-
Furius Fusus must not be confounded with the pated his fortune by such a course of conduct, he
great M. Furius Camillus, whose first consular tri- looked to official station as the means of repairing
bunate Livy (l. c. ) erroneously places in this year, his shattered finances. In B. C.
66 he was made
but which in all probability belongs to B. c. 401. tribune of the plebs, and moved that the command
[CAMILLUS, No. 1. ]
of the war against the pirates should be given to
2. Agrippa Furius Fusus, consular tribune Pompey. The proposed law did not name Pompey,
in B. C. 391, the year before the taking of Rome but it plainly pointed to him, and was calculated
by the Gauls. (Liv. v. 32 ; Fasti Capitol. ) to make him almost an absolute monarch. Among
other provisions, it directed that the people should
elect a commander whose imperium should extend
orer the whole of the Mediterranean, and to a dis-
G.
tance of fifty miles inland from its coasts, who
should take such sums of money as he might think
GABAEUS (Tabalos), ruler of the Lesser or fit out of the public treasures, and should have a
Hellespontine Phrygia, is mentioned by Xenophon fleet of 200 sail, with unlimited powers of raising
(Cyrop. ii. I. $ 5) as one of the allies of the Assy- soldiers and seamen. This proposition was very
rians against Cyrus and (the supposed) Cyaxares pleasing to the people, on account of the scarcity of
II. (Cyrus. ) On the defeat of the Assyrians, provisions, which the interruption of commerce by
Gabaeus made the best of his way back to his own the pirates had occasioned ; but it was equally dis-
country. (Cyrop. iv. 2. & 30. )
(E. E. ) pleasing to the senators, who distrusted the am-
GABI'NIA GENS, plebeian. The name does bition of Pompey. Party-spirit was carried to such
not occur earlier than the second century B. C. a height that serious riots ensued. Gabinius was
There were no real family names in this gens, but in danger of his life from an attack of the senators.
only a few surnames, namely, Capito (CIMBER), The senators, in turn, were assailed by the popu-
Sisenna, which are accordingly given under GA- lace, who would perhaps have sacrificed the consul,
[J. T. G. ] Calpurnius Piso, to their fury, had not Gabinius
GABINIA'NUS, SEX. JUʻLIUS, a celebrated effected his rescue, dreading the odium and severe
Roman rhetorician, who taught rhetoric in Gaul in re-action which such a catastrophe would have oc-
the time of Vespasian. All further information casioned. When the day of the comitia for put-
concerning him is lost, but we know that he was ting the rogatio to the vote arrived, Gabinius macie
spoken of by Suetonius, in his work de Claris | himself remarkable by his answers to the affected
BINIUS.
## p. 193 (#209) ############################################
GABINIUS.
193
GABINIUS.
GABINIUS.
. (Tac. de Orat. 26; Euseb. Care est
KR. 8. )
(LS1
NIUS. 1. A. ? GABINICS
, IR LC
d br L. Anicius in the command o a
Scodra in Illyricum, after the sale
ing Gentius. (Lir, xlr. 26. )
IBINIUS, was tribune of the ples, in
nd introduced the first La Tabelarsh
ituted the ballot for open voting (Diz
Tabellariae Leges. ) Porcius Latre Low
itiling th, c. 19) mentions a ler le
ch clandestine assemblies in the air
ble with death, but it is bet kur
jis law lelongs, and even iis eris.
doubted. (Heince. Anteq. ker. .
Dicck, l'ersuche über das Chat
; Halle, 1822, pp. 73, 74. )
1
INIUS, was legatus in the Scal
. C. 89, after a successful camera
si and Lucini, lost his life its
enemy's camp. (Liv. Epile 10;
Oros. v. 18, calls him Cajuk
'S, fought at Chaeropeia in the
is military tribune, ard in the
81, was despaiched by Sala :3
ions to Murena to end the Tu
He was a moderate and br
16. Sall. 16, 17; Appian, Mur.
Manil. 3. )
of uncertain parentage, 538
expensive pleasures, and are
os of dice, wine, and rece.
hair was fragrant sich e
ks were coloured with more
n the dance, and his . .
and song. If we mas tras
Cicero pro Sest 8, 4,
Pison. Il, pro Dosa 34,
icious company, ani led te
gate life. Haring dan
Ich a course of conduct be
as the means of repair
In B. C 66 he was
mored that the me
rates should be given to
did not name Parapes
,
aim, and was alread
lute monarch. Adot:
that the people se
reasons of Pompey for declining the proposed com- | the exile of Cicero occurred ; and the conduct of
mand: "You were not born for yourself alone,” | Gabinius in promoting the views of Clodius pro-
he told Pompey, “but for your country. ” Tre duced that extreme resentment in the mind of
bellius attempted to stop the proceedings by his Cicero, which afterwards found vent on many oc-
veto, whereupon Gabinius proposed that he should casions. The consuls, by an edict, prohibited the
be deprived of his tribuneship. It was not until senate from wearing mourning for the banished
seventeen out of the thirty-five tribes had voted orator, and some of the spoils of Cicero's Tusculan
against his continuance in office, that Trebellius villa were transferred to the neighbouring mansion
withdrew his opposition to the measure of his col- of Gabinius. However, when Clodius quarrelled
league. (Ascon. in Cic. pro Cornel. ) If Gabinius with Pompey, Gabinius remained true to his
had not carried his law, says Cicero (post Red. in original patron, and thus exposed hiniself to the
Sen. 51), such were his embarrassments, that he violence of Clodius, who broke his fasces, and, by
must have turned pirate himself. He may have a ler sacrata, dedicated his property to the gods.
been privately rewarded by Pompey for his useful It is not easy to trace with chronological accu-
services, but the senate baffled him in his favourite racy the proceedings of Gabinius in his proconsular
project, by successfully opposing, or, at least, de government of Syria. When be arrived in Judea,
laying, his election as one of the legates of Pompey, he found the country in a state of agitation. The
whom he hoped to follow into Asia. As Pompey dispute between the two brothers, Hyrcanus and
expected to supersede L. Lucullus in the war Aristobulus, had been decided in favour of the
against Mithridates, Gabinius endeavoured to ex- former. Pompey had given to Hyrcanus the office
cite obloquy against the pride and grandeur of of bigh-priest, and had carried away as prisoners
Lucullus, by exhibiting in public a plan of his mag. Aristobulus, with two of his daughters, and his
nificent villa at Tusculum. Yet Gabinius himself two sons, Alexander and Antigonus ; but Alex.
afterwards, out of the profits of his office, built in ander, on his way to Italy, escaped from custody,
the same neighbourhood so splendid and costly a returned to Judea, and dispossessed Hyrcanus.
mansion, that the villa of Lucullus was a mere hut Gabinius soon compelled Alexander to sue for fa-
in comparison.
vour, and effected the restoration of Hyrcanus to
Gabinius was the proposer of a law regulating the high priesthood. He next made an important
loans of money made at Rome to the provincials. change in the constitution of the government of
If more than twelve per cent. were agreed to be Judea, by dividing the country into five districts,
paid as annual interest, the law of Gabinius pre in each of which he created a supreme council
.
vented any action at all from being brought on (Joseph. Ant. iv. 10, de Bell. Jud. I. 6. ) It was
such an agreement. When M. Brutus lent the perhaps on account of some of his successes in
Salaminii a sum of money, at interest of four per Judea that Gabinius made application to the sea
cent monthly, or forty-eight per cent yearly, and nate to be honoured with a supplicatio; but the
obtained a decree of the senate, dispensing with senate, in order to evince their hostility to him and
the law of Gabinius in his case, and directing “ ut his patron Pompey, slighted his letter, and rejected
jus diceretur er ista syngrapha," Cicero held that his suit-an atfront which had never before been
the decree of the senate did not give such force to offered, under similar circumstances, to any pro-
the agreement as to render valid the excess of in- consul (Ad Qu. Fr. ii. 8. ) As the refusal of the
terest above the legal rate. (Ad Atl. vi. 2. $ 5. ) senate occurred in the early part of the year B. C.
We read of another Lex Gabinia, by which the 56, Drumann (Gesch. Roms. vol iii. p. 47, n. 35)
senate was directed to give audience to ambas- thinks that it referred to some successes of Gabi-
sadors from the 1st of February to the 1st of nius over the Arabs, previous to his campaigns in
March. By a previous Lex Pupia the senate was Judea.
prohibited in general terms from assembling on Gabinius now sought for other enemies, against
comitial days. Under these laws arose the ques whom he might profitably turn his arms. Phraates,
tion whether the senate might be legally assembled king of Parthia, had been murdered by his two
on a comitial day, occurring in February, or whe- sons, Orodes and Mithridates, who afterwards
ther such days were not tacitly excepted from the contended between themselves for the crown.
Lex Gabinia. (Ad Qu. Fr. ii. 13. )
Mithridates, feeling bimself the weaker of the
In B. C. 61 Gabinius was praetor, and in B. C. two, by presents and promises engaged Gabinius
59 he and L. Piso were chosen consuls for the en- to undertake his cause, and the Roman general
suing year. In the interval between his tribunate had already crossed the Euphrates with his army,
and his praetorship he appears to have been en- when he was invited to return by the prospect of
gaged in military service in the East, and to have a richer and an easier prey.
accompanied M. Scaurus to Judea, where, in the Ptolemy the Piper (Auletes), having offended
contest between the Maccabees, he received a the Alexandrians by his exactions and pusilla
bribe of 300 talents from Aristobulus. (Joseph. nimity, had been driven from his kingdom. While
Ant. xiv. 2, 3, 4. )
he was absent, soliciting the senate of Rome to
The consuls, Gabinius and Piso, had previously assist in his restoration, the Alexandrians made
been gained over to the party of Clodius, who his daughter Berenice queen, and invited Seleucus
promised to use bis influence in procuring for Cibiosactes to marry her, and share her throne.
them lucrative governments. Piso was to get He accepted the proposal, notwithstanding the op
Macedonia, with Greece and Thessaly, and Ga- position of Gabinius, but was shortly afterwards
binius was to get Cilicia ; but, upon the remon- strangied by order of his wife, who thought him a
strance of Gabinius, Cilicia was exchanged for the mean-spirited man, and soon grew tired of his
richer government of Syria, which was erected into society. After the death of Cibiosactes, Archelaus
a proconsular province, on the ground of the in-(the son of that Archelaus who had commanded
cursions of the Arabs.
the army of Pontus against Sulla in the Mithridatic
I was during the consulship of Gabinius that I war) became ambitious to supply his place. Ar
5
mperium should erzad
erranean, and to su
fron its casts-ube
ney as he migót tas
$ and should have a
zed powers of rus
proposition was to7
int of the scaresse
ion of concer br
i it was equires
distrusted the as
was carried to sact
sed. Gabinis ra
ck of the sensters
siled br tie pat
crifced the need
hard no: Gais
odium and sever
world ise *
comitis far por
, Gabin:
3 to the air
VOL. IL
o
## p. 194 (#210) ############################################
194
GABINIUS.
GABINIUS.
chelaus pretended to be a son of Mithridates the in to sustain their charge. He was now attacked
Great, and had joined the Roman army with the on all sides. Cicero, especially, goaded him so
intention of accompanying Gabinius into Parthia. sharply, that he was unable to contain himself,
Gabinius opposed the ambitious design of Arche- and, with a voice almost choked with passion,
laus, who, nevertheless, made his escape from the called Cicero an exile. An émeute succeeded. The
Roman army, reached Alexandria, married Bere senate to a man rose from their seats, pressed
nice, and was declared king. Dion Cassius thinks round Gabinius, and manifested their indignation
(xxxix. 57) that Gabinius, wishing to enhance the as clamorously as the warmest friend of Cicero
value of his own services by baving a general of could desire. (Ad Qu. Fr. iii. 2. )
some ability to contend against, connived at the Three accusations were brought against Gabi-
escape of Archelaus.
nius The first of these was for majestas, in leaving
Such was the state of affairs in Egypt when his province, and making war in favour of Ptolemy
Ptolemy came to Gabinius with recommendatory Auletes, in defance of the Sibyl, and the authority
letters from Pompey. Moreover, he promised to of the senate. In this accusation Cicero gare
pay Gabinius a large sum of money (10,000 ta evidence, but, at the instance of Pompey, did not
lents) if he were restored to his kingdom by the press severely upon Gabinius. Pompey prevailed
assistance of the proconsul. The enterprise was upon him not to be the prosecutor, but could noh,
displeasing to the greater part of the Roman offi- with the most urgent solicitation, induce him to
cers, since it was forbidden by a decree of the undertake the defence. The prosecutor was L.
senate, and by an oracle of the Sibyl; but Gabinius Lentulus, who was slow and backward. The
was encouraged in his plan of assisting Auletes by judges, by a majority of 38 to 32, acquitted Gabi-
M. Antony, the future triumvir, who commanded nius, on the ground that the words of the Sibyl
the Roman cavalry ; and he was supplied with applied to other times and another king. (Dion
money, arms, and provisions, by Antipater of Idus Cass. xxxix. 55. ) The majority who voted for
mea, who required the friendship of the Romans his acquittal were suspected of corruption, as was
to assist him in the subjugation of the Maccabees. Lentulus of prevarication. An inundation of the
M.
the speakers whose meagre and obsolete diction FUSCUS, CORNELIUS, one of the most
rendered their works impossible to read without active adherents of Vespasian in his contest with
an inclination to sleep or smile.
Vitellius for the empire A. D. 69. In decision,
3. Son of the preceding, consul B. c. 17. He zeal, and popularity with the soldiers, Tacitus
reconciled Augustus to his father, C. Furnius, who ranks Fuscus second to Antonius Primus alone.
had been up to B. C. 31 a staunch adherent of [PRIMUS, ANTONIUS. ) During Nero's reign,
M. Antonius. (Senec. Benefic. Ü. 25. ) It is Fuscus lived in retirement on an estate inherited
doubtful whether the Furnius put to death by the from noble ancestors ; but he served under Galba,
senate in the reign of Tiberius, A. D. 26, for adul- and was made by him procurator of Pannonia. In
tery with Claudia Pulchra, be the same person. the war with Vitellius, the fleet at Ravenna elected
(Tac. Ann. iv. 52. )
(W. B. D. ) Fuscus their leader, and under his command moved
FUSCIANUS. [TUSCIANUS. )
along the eastern coast of Italy, in concert with
FUSCUS, ARE'LLIUS, a rhetorician who the troops of Vespasian. For his services at this
flourished at Rome in the latter years of Augustus. time Vespasian rewarded Fuscus with the insignia
He was of equestrian rank, but was degraded from and rank of praetor. Under Domitian Fuscus was
cenate, and refused to isted
son of Metellus, who in
ProF on his knees. After
buneship, be was accused
actions during his mibolt
ultitude tore biz to pisos
B. C. i. 33; Dive C26.
109, pp. 43, 43, ed. Reis
of Heracleiz, as, theat
erres. He had star
nie passages are quoted
á Roman eques of the
e unknown. (Cic. ee
. )
!
jce in the Catilinaria
the military colaista
lands at Fiesta
50. ) [LS]
who was peccliaris
(Dictat dels
raediator, be took a
ating to the subject
. Vucius Scaerode
elf in every depart
co Furius and Car
liator) the clients
praediatorian lur.
til. 12 5 1. ) Tbs
th C. CAMILLS
[J. T. G. ]
(ANTENANTS)
of the plebs, 2. c
1 college, opposed
forward in the
the plebeiaas
## p. 192 (#208) ############################################
192
GABINIANUS.
GABINIUS.
1
captain of the body-guard, and gave himself up to | Rhetoribus. (Tac. de Orat. 26 ; Euseb. Chron. ad
the luxurious profusion of the time. Juvenal Vespas. ann. 8. )
(L. S.
describes him (iv. 112) as dreaming of battles in GABI'NIUS. 1. A. ? GABINIUS, in B. c. 167,
his marble house -
was placed by L. Anicius in the command of a
“ Fuscus marmorea meditatus praelia villa. "
garrison at Scodra in Illyricum, after the subju-
gation of king Gentius. (Liv. xlv. 26. )
Domitian, however, converted his dreams into re- 2. A. GABINIUS, was tribune of the plebs, in
ality, by sending him against the Dacians, who, B. c. 139, and introduced the first Ler Tabellaria,
under their king Decebalus, had recently defeated a which substituted the ballot for open voting (Dict.
Roman army, and were ravaging the province of of Ant. s. r. Tabellariae Leges. ) Porcius Latro (Do-
Maesia. Fuscus passed the Danube, but suffered clamat. c. Catilinam, c. 19) mentions a Lex Ga-
himself to be surprised by the Dacians, who de binia, by which clandestine assemblies in the city
stroyed his army, and captured his baggage and were punishable with death, but it is not known
standards. Martial wrote an epitaph on Fuscus to what age this law belongs, and even its exist-
(Ep. vi. 76), in which he refers to the Dacianence has been doubted. (Heinec. Antiq. Rom. iv.
campaign. (Tac. Hist. ii. 86, iii. 4, 12, 42, 66, tit. 17. § 47 ; Dirck, Versuche über das Criminul-
iv. 44 ; Suet. Domit. 6 ; Dion Cass. lxviii. 9; recht der Römer, Halle, 1822, pp. 73, 74. )
Oros. vii. 10; Tillemont, Hist. des Empereurs, 3. A. ? GABINIUS, was legatus in the Social
vol. iii. p. 172 ; Francke, Gesch. T'rajan's, p. 80. ) | War, and, in B. c. 89, after a successful campaign
Pliny (Ep. vii. 9) addressed a letter to Cornelius agninst the Marsi and Lucni, lost his life in a
Fuscus, recommending translation as one of the blockade of the enemy's camp. (Liv. Epit. 76 ;
best methods of attaining a pure, impressive, and Flor. ii. 18. § 13 ; Oros. v. 18, calls him Caius. )
copious style. But as his correspondent was pre- 4. A. GABINIUS, fought at Chaeroneia in the
paring himself for the business of the forum, he army of Sulla as military tribune, and in the
can scarcely have been the Fuscus of Vespasian's beginning of B. c. 81, was despatched by Sulla to
time. He was probably the son. (W. B. D. ) | Asia with instructions to Murena to end the war
FUSCUS, GELL'IUS, wrote some account of with Mithridates. He was a moderate and how
the life of Tetricus Junior, and is quoted by Tre- nourable man. (Plut. Sull. 16, 17 ; Appian, Mithr.
bellius Pollio. (Tetric. Jun. 25. )
66 ; Cic. pro Leg. Manil. 3. )
FUSUS, a surname of the two families, ME- 5. A. GABINIUS, of uncertain parentage, was
DULLINUS and PaciLUs, of the Furia Gens. Be addicted in youth to expensive pleasures, and gave
sides these, there are two members of the Furia way to the seductions of dice, wine, and women.
Gens who occur in the Fasti, without any other | His carefully curled hair was fragrant with un-
surname than that of Fusus, but these probably guents, and his cheeks were coloured with rouge.
belonged either to the Medullini or the Pacili, and He was a proficient in the dance, and his house
must not be regarded as forming a separate family. resounded with music and song. If we may trust
They are:-
the angry invective of Cicero (pro Sext. 8, 9, post
1. M. Furius Fusus, consular tribune in B. C. Red. in Sen. 4–8, in Pison. 11, pro Domo. 24,
403. (Fasti Capitol. ; Diod. xiv. 35. ) Instead of 48), he kept the most vicious company, and led the
him, Livy (v. 1) gives M. Postumius. This M. most impure and profligate life. Having dissi-
Furius Fusus must not be confounded with the pated his fortune by such a course of conduct, he
great M. Furius Camillus, whose first consular tri- looked to official station as the means of repairing
bunate Livy (l. c. ) erroneously places in this year, his shattered finances. In B. C.
66 he was made
but which in all probability belongs to B. c. 401. tribune of the plebs, and moved that the command
[CAMILLUS, No. 1. ]
of the war against the pirates should be given to
2. Agrippa Furius Fusus, consular tribune Pompey. The proposed law did not name Pompey,
in B. C. 391, the year before the taking of Rome but it plainly pointed to him, and was calculated
by the Gauls. (Liv. v. 32 ; Fasti Capitol. ) to make him almost an absolute monarch. Among
other provisions, it directed that the people should
elect a commander whose imperium should extend
orer the whole of the Mediterranean, and to a dis-
G.
tance of fifty miles inland from its coasts, who
should take such sums of money as he might think
GABAEUS (Tabalos), ruler of the Lesser or fit out of the public treasures, and should have a
Hellespontine Phrygia, is mentioned by Xenophon fleet of 200 sail, with unlimited powers of raising
(Cyrop. ii. I. $ 5) as one of the allies of the Assy- soldiers and seamen. This proposition was very
rians against Cyrus and (the supposed) Cyaxares pleasing to the people, on account of the scarcity of
II. (Cyrus. ) On the defeat of the Assyrians, provisions, which the interruption of commerce by
Gabaeus made the best of his way back to his own the pirates had occasioned ; but it was equally dis-
country. (Cyrop. iv. 2. & 30. )
(E. E. ) pleasing to the senators, who distrusted the am-
GABI'NIA GENS, plebeian. The name does bition of Pompey. Party-spirit was carried to such
not occur earlier than the second century B. C. a height that serious riots ensued. Gabinius was
There were no real family names in this gens, but in danger of his life from an attack of the senators.
only a few surnames, namely, Capito (CIMBER), The senators, in turn, were assailed by the popu-
Sisenna, which are accordingly given under GA- lace, who would perhaps have sacrificed the consul,
[J. T. G. ] Calpurnius Piso, to their fury, had not Gabinius
GABINIA'NUS, SEX. JUʻLIUS, a celebrated effected his rescue, dreading the odium and severe
Roman rhetorician, who taught rhetoric in Gaul in re-action which such a catastrophe would have oc-
the time of Vespasian. All further information casioned. When the day of the comitia for put-
concerning him is lost, but we know that he was ting the rogatio to the vote arrived, Gabinius macie
spoken of by Suetonius, in his work de Claris | himself remarkable by his answers to the affected
BINIUS.
## p. 193 (#209) ############################################
GABINIUS.
193
GABINIUS.
GABINIUS.
. (Tac. de Orat. 26; Euseb. Care est
KR. 8. )
(LS1
NIUS. 1. A. ? GABINICS
, IR LC
d br L. Anicius in the command o a
Scodra in Illyricum, after the sale
ing Gentius. (Lir, xlr. 26. )
IBINIUS, was tribune of the ples, in
nd introduced the first La Tabelarsh
ituted the ballot for open voting (Diz
Tabellariae Leges. ) Porcius Latre Low
itiling th, c. 19) mentions a ler le
ch clandestine assemblies in the air
ble with death, but it is bet kur
jis law lelongs, and even iis eris.
doubted. (Heince. Anteq. ker. .
Dicck, l'ersuche über das Chat
; Halle, 1822, pp. 73, 74. )
1
INIUS, was legatus in the Scal
. C. 89, after a successful camera
si and Lucini, lost his life its
enemy's camp. (Liv. Epile 10;
Oros. v. 18, calls him Cajuk
'S, fought at Chaeropeia in the
is military tribune, ard in the
81, was despaiched by Sala :3
ions to Murena to end the Tu
He was a moderate and br
16. Sall. 16, 17; Appian, Mur.
Manil. 3. )
of uncertain parentage, 538
expensive pleasures, and are
os of dice, wine, and rece.
hair was fragrant sich e
ks were coloured with more
n the dance, and his . .
and song. If we mas tras
Cicero pro Sest 8, 4,
Pison. Il, pro Dosa 34,
icious company, ani led te
gate life. Haring dan
Ich a course of conduct be
as the means of repair
In B. C 66 he was
mored that the me
rates should be given to
did not name Parapes
,
aim, and was alread
lute monarch. Adot:
that the people se
reasons of Pompey for declining the proposed com- | the exile of Cicero occurred ; and the conduct of
mand: "You were not born for yourself alone,” | Gabinius in promoting the views of Clodius pro-
he told Pompey, “but for your country. ” Tre duced that extreme resentment in the mind of
bellius attempted to stop the proceedings by his Cicero, which afterwards found vent on many oc-
veto, whereupon Gabinius proposed that he should casions. The consuls, by an edict, prohibited the
be deprived of his tribuneship. It was not until senate from wearing mourning for the banished
seventeen out of the thirty-five tribes had voted orator, and some of the spoils of Cicero's Tusculan
against his continuance in office, that Trebellius villa were transferred to the neighbouring mansion
withdrew his opposition to the measure of his col- of Gabinius. However, when Clodius quarrelled
league. (Ascon. in Cic. pro Cornel. ) If Gabinius with Pompey, Gabinius remained true to his
had not carried his law, says Cicero (post Red. in original patron, and thus exposed hiniself to the
Sen. 51), such were his embarrassments, that he violence of Clodius, who broke his fasces, and, by
must have turned pirate himself. He may have a ler sacrata, dedicated his property to the gods.
been privately rewarded by Pompey for his useful It is not easy to trace with chronological accu-
services, but the senate baffled him in his favourite racy the proceedings of Gabinius in his proconsular
project, by successfully opposing, or, at least, de government of Syria. When be arrived in Judea,
laying, his election as one of the legates of Pompey, he found the country in a state of agitation. The
whom he hoped to follow into Asia. As Pompey dispute between the two brothers, Hyrcanus and
expected to supersede L. Lucullus in the war Aristobulus, had been decided in favour of the
against Mithridates, Gabinius endeavoured to ex- former. Pompey had given to Hyrcanus the office
cite obloquy against the pride and grandeur of of bigh-priest, and had carried away as prisoners
Lucullus, by exhibiting in public a plan of his mag. Aristobulus, with two of his daughters, and his
nificent villa at Tusculum. Yet Gabinius himself two sons, Alexander and Antigonus ; but Alex.
afterwards, out of the profits of his office, built in ander, on his way to Italy, escaped from custody,
the same neighbourhood so splendid and costly a returned to Judea, and dispossessed Hyrcanus.
mansion, that the villa of Lucullus was a mere hut Gabinius soon compelled Alexander to sue for fa-
in comparison.
vour, and effected the restoration of Hyrcanus to
Gabinius was the proposer of a law regulating the high priesthood. He next made an important
loans of money made at Rome to the provincials. change in the constitution of the government of
If more than twelve per cent. were agreed to be Judea, by dividing the country into five districts,
paid as annual interest, the law of Gabinius pre in each of which he created a supreme council
.
vented any action at all from being brought on (Joseph. Ant. iv. 10, de Bell. Jud. I. 6. ) It was
such an agreement. When M. Brutus lent the perhaps on account of some of his successes in
Salaminii a sum of money, at interest of four per Judea that Gabinius made application to the sea
cent monthly, or forty-eight per cent yearly, and nate to be honoured with a supplicatio; but the
obtained a decree of the senate, dispensing with senate, in order to evince their hostility to him and
the law of Gabinius in his case, and directing “ ut his patron Pompey, slighted his letter, and rejected
jus diceretur er ista syngrapha," Cicero held that his suit-an atfront which had never before been
the decree of the senate did not give such force to offered, under similar circumstances, to any pro-
the agreement as to render valid the excess of in- consul (Ad Qu. Fr. ii. 8. ) As the refusal of the
terest above the legal rate. (Ad Atl. vi. 2. $ 5. ) senate occurred in the early part of the year B. C.
We read of another Lex Gabinia, by which the 56, Drumann (Gesch. Roms. vol iii. p. 47, n. 35)
senate was directed to give audience to ambas- thinks that it referred to some successes of Gabi-
sadors from the 1st of February to the 1st of nius over the Arabs, previous to his campaigns in
March. By a previous Lex Pupia the senate was Judea.
prohibited in general terms from assembling on Gabinius now sought for other enemies, against
comitial days. Under these laws arose the ques whom he might profitably turn his arms. Phraates,
tion whether the senate might be legally assembled king of Parthia, had been murdered by his two
on a comitial day, occurring in February, or whe- sons, Orodes and Mithridates, who afterwards
ther such days were not tacitly excepted from the contended between themselves for the crown.
Lex Gabinia. (Ad Qu. Fr. ii. 13. )
Mithridates, feeling bimself the weaker of the
In B. C. 61 Gabinius was praetor, and in B. C. two, by presents and promises engaged Gabinius
59 he and L. Piso were chosen consuls for the en- to undertake his cause, and the Roman general
suing year. In the interval between his tribunate had already crossed the Euphrates with his army,
and his praetorship he appears to have been en- when he was invited to return by the prospect of
gaged in military service in the East, and to have a richer and an easier prey.
accompanied M. Scaurus to Judea, where, in the Ptolemy the Piper (Auletes), having offended
contest between the Maccabees, he received a the Alexandrians by his exactions and pusilla
bribe of 300 talents from Aristobulus. (Joseph. nimity, had been driven from his kingdom. While
Ant. xiv. 2, 3, 4. )
he was absent, soliciting the senate of Rome to
The consuls, Gabinius and Piso, had previously assist in his restoration, the Alexandrians made
been gained over to the party of Clodius, who his daughter Berenice queen, and invited Seleucus
promised to use bis influence in procuring for Cibiosactes to marry her, and share her throne.
them lucrative governments. Piso was to get He accepted the proposal, notwithstanding the op
Macedonia, with Greece and Thessaly, and Ga- position of Gabinius, but was shortly afterwards
binius was to get Cilicia ; but, upon the remon- strangied by order of his wife, who thought him a
strance of Gabinius, Cilicia was exchanged for the mean-spirited man, and soon grew tired of his
richer government of Syria, which was erected into society. After the death of Cibiosactes, Archelaus
a proconsular province, on the ground of the in-(the son of that Archelaus who had commanded
cursions of the Arabs.
the army of Pontus against Sulla in the Mithridatic
I was during the consulship of Gabinius that I war) became ambitious to supply his place. Ar
5
mperium should erzad
erranean, and to su
fron its casts-ube
ney as he migót tas
$ and should have a
zed powers of rus
proposition was to7
int of the scaresse
ion of concer br
i it was equires
distrusted the as
was carried to sact
sed. Gabinis ra
ck of the sensters
siled br tie pat
crifced the need
hard no: Gais
odium and sever
world ise *
comitis far por
, Gabin:
3 to the air
VOL. IL
o
## p. 194 (#210) ############################################
194
GABINIUS.
GABINIUS.
chelaus pretended to be a son of Mithridates the in to sustain their charge. He was now attacked
Great, and had joined the Roman army with the on all sides. Cicero, especially, goaded him so
intention of accompanying Gabinius into Parthia. sharply, that he was unable to contain himself,
Gabinius opposed the ambitious design of Arche- and, with a voice almost choked with passion,
laus, who, nevertheless, made his escape from the called Cicero an exile. An émeute succeeded. The
Roman army, reached Alexandria, married Bere senate to a man rose from their seats, pressed
nice, and was declared king. Dion Cassius thinks round Gabinius, and manifested their indignation
(xxxix. 57) that Gabinius, wishing to enhance the as clamorously as the warmest friend of Cicero
value of his own services by baving a general of could desire. (Ad Qu. Fr. iii. 2. )
some ability to contend against, connived at the Three accusations were brought against Gabi-
escape of Archelaus.
nius The first of these was for majestas, in leaving
Such was the state of affairs in Egypt when his province, and making war in favour of Ptolemy
Ptolemy came to Gabinius with recommendatory Auletes, in defance of the Sibyl, and the authority
letters from Pompey. Moreover, he promised to of the senate. In this accusation Cicero gare
pay Gabinius a large sum of money (10,000 ta evidence, but, at the instance of Pompey, did not
lents) if he were restored to his kingdom by the press severely upon Gabinius. Pompey prevailed
assistance of the proconsul. The enterprise was upon him not to be the prosecutor, but could noh,
displeasing to the greater part of the Roman offi- with the most urgent solicitation, induce him to
cers, since it was forbidden by a decree of the undertake the defence. The prosecutor was L.
senate, and by an oracle of the Sibyl; but Gabinius Lentulus, who was slow and backward. The
was encouraged in his plan of assisting Auletes by judges, by a majority of 38 to 32, acquitted Gabi-
M. Antony, the future triumvir, who commanded nius, on the ground that the words of the Sibyl
the Roman cavalry ; and he was supplied with applied to other times and another king. (Dion
money, arms, and provisions, by Antipater of Idus Cass. xxxix. 55. ) The majority who voted for
mea, who required the friendship of the Romans his acquittal were suspected of corruption, as was
to assist him in the subjugation of the Maccabees. Lentulus of prevarication. An inundation of the
M.
