Brogan Cloen states,74 that
Maccalleus
placed the veil over St.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
There, too, it is written, Avhen she had read prayers and touched the wooden step of the altar with her hand, it became, as it were, green wood, and it continued without decay to the writer's time.
St.
Brigid's eye is said to have been healed, when she received the re- ligious habit.
See Colgan's "Trias Thau- maturga.
" Tertia Vita S.
Brigidos, cap.
18, p. 529.
48 See "Life of St. Erigid," by an Irish
Priest, chap, iii. , pp. 25, 26.
58 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February r.
parents and her manner of living, from the time of her infancy. One of his clerics informed him she was Brigid, the wonder-worker, and a daughter to Dubtach. Hearing this, the bishop was most anxious to comply with the desires of our saint, whose good fame seemed to herald her future career of usefulness in the Church. He placed a veil on the heads of herself and of her companions,'*^ as he knew heaven had already, in a miraculous manner, decreed approval of this ministerial agency. It happened, at the same time, while sacramentary rites of benediction took place, 5° our holy virgin applied her hand to the wood which sustained the altar, s^ and which appeared quite dry and seasoned,52 as it had long being stripped of its leaves and bark. ss It is said, immediately upon being touched by St. Brigid, that it became virescent. s4 On a subsequent occasion, when the church, where such oc- currence took place, had been consumed by fire, that particular portion escaped the flames. ss Thus, as he had formerly wrought great miracles under the Old dispensation. Almighty God would chose to continue his works under the New, through all time loving His elect and affording His protection to them. While the children of Israel journeyed towards the promisedland. Heprecededthembyapillaroffire',^^ andwhileSt. Brigid directed her course towards the heavenly country of her adoption, by the column of fire ascending heavenwards. He directed her thoughts from a teiTene to a celestial ambition. The Third Life relates, three virginss? ac-
companied her, on their visit to Bishops Mel^^ and Melchu. An Irish Life
49 In the Third Life of our saint, it is re- lated, how she took with her three virgins, with whom she went to the territory of the sons of Neill, and to the saints, Bishops Mel and Melchu. These are stated to have been disciples of St, Patrick, and to have had a disciple named Macaille, who said to Mel: "Lo, the holy virgins are without, who wish to receive the veil of virginity at your hands. " When he had introduced them before Bishop Mel, and while the latter was looking at them, on a sudden, a column of fire seemed to surmount the head of Brigid.
52 See the ''Life of St. Brigid," by an Irish Priest, chap, iii. , pp. 27, 28.
53 In the following Latin verses, R. P. Bandinus Gualfredutius, S. J. , has recorded this miracle :
5° The Fifth Life of our saint has
it,
becoming green, to show the purity of those holy virgins present, and between the rod of Aaron, putting forth leaves and fruit. A writer adds : "quia ilia quae per eandem virgam prsesignabatur, et virgo simul et
ter ipsa benedictionum sacramenta," &c.
We are not to understand, that the profes-
" in-
i.
54 Here there is a comparison between the
sion or clothing of a virgin is to be classed
amongst the sacratfients of the Church, pro-
perly so called ; but, it is assigned to the mater fuit. " See Colgan's "Trias Thau- jarrflwt'«/fl//a—distinguished from the sa-
cramenta. By sacramentalia are understood
a variety of benedictions and consecrations,
which do not confer sacramental graces,
peculiar to the effective administration of
the seven sacraments. See, in reference to
this distinction, Devoti's "Institutionum
Canonicarum," libri iv. , tomus i. , lib. ii. ,
tit. ii. , sec. i. , pp. 365, 366. If the word
sacramenta be found in Laurence of Dur-
ham's original MS. , it seems to have been
improperly introduced for sacranientalia.
However, such verbal introduction may
have been the error of a copyist.
5' See Camerarius, " De Statu Hominis, veteris simul ac novse Ecclesise, et Infidelium Conversione," lib. L, cap. iii. , sec. ii. , p. 140.
**
Arida quod tenero revirescunt robora tactu,
Inque suo vivit stipite vita redux ; Virginese memoranda colas miracula dex-
trse ;
— Urentes nunquam senserat ilia faces. " "
Lib. i. , Sacrorum Mensium," pars.
wood
maturga. " Vita Quinta S. Brigidae, cap. xxviii. , xxix. , pp. 573, 574. Also, ibid, "Vita Prima S. Brigidae," sees. 8, 9, p. 575' "Vita Secunda S. Brigidae," cap. iii. , p. 519.
55 This is alluded to in our saint's various offices, and it is generally stated, such a miracle reconciled her parents to that happy choice of life she had made. Also, it is re- lated, in tlie "Chronica Generalis Mundi," and by Petrus de Natalibus.
5* See Exodus, xiii. , 21, 22.
57 Numerical accounts vary. Colgan ob- serves, that in the Irish Life of our saint, cap. xiii. , in the Fifth Life, even in this same Third Life, and in every account of St. Brigid, seven other virgins are described as having been veiled with her.
February i. ] UVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 59
of St. Brigid states, that she was veiled in the territory of Feratulach ;59 while Mel and Melchu lived in a town of Medi or Midio. ^° Regarding the fore- going incidents of our saint's life, in rather a different manner, the Sixth or Hexamater Life of this holy virgin presents us with another narrative. ^^ However, notwithstanding apparent inconsistencies, Colgan is of opinion, that the latter may also be reconciled with former statements ; for, as this illustrious virgin was to be espoused to Christ, might not St. Patrick have entrusted the charge of such an office to his disciple and nephew. Bishop Mel,^^ and might not the latter have deputed it to his disciple St. Maccalleus ? Thus, to each of them might be attributed a part in the ceremony of veiling, although it be immediately and properly referable to the ministry of St. Maccalleus. ^3
Some modem Anglo-Scottish writers, taking Hector Boece^-^ as guide, relate, that our St. Brigid of Kildare was veiled by St. Macchilla, Bishop of Sodor, in the Isle of Mona,^s or Man, about the year 443. But, the casual affinity of name seems to have occasioned this error. As already seen, the bishop who veiled St. Brigid was called Maccalle or Maccalleus ; while, the Bishop of Sodor—that being the episcopal see of the Isle of Man— Machaldus and Magiul, by Joceline,^^ Mac-fill by Probus,^7 and Mac-Cuill in an Irish MS. of the Life of St. Patrick. ^^ Although both of those persons alluded to had been bishops and flourished in St. Patrick's time ; it is certain, that this Maccullius or Macaldus, Bishop of Sodor or Man, was altogether different from St. Maccalleus,^9 the consecrator of St. Brigid, not only in re- ferencetotime,placeandacts,but,evenasregardsthename. Differences between them in point of time show that they must be distinguished. For St. Maccalleus,7° the consecrator of St. Brigid, was bishop before he veiled
5^ In Professor O'Looney's Irish MS. Life,
not only is it stated, that St. Brigid went to
take the veil from Bishop Mel, but it is even
asserted, he bestowed on her the honour of
''
above all other women, so that it is the honour of a bishop the men of Erin givetothesuccessorofSt. Brigideversince,"
eightieth [year of her age] she went into heaven. On the eighth, Brigid was conse- crated under the eight beatitudes [foods] of the Gospel, which she fulfilled, and the food of mercy is what Brigid used to call them," pp. 17, 18.
a bishop,
pp. 17, 18. Such account indicates great thorn Todd's St. Patrick, Apostle of Ire-
antiquity for this Irish Life. However, it must be remarked, that St. Brigid received
land. " Introductory Dissertation, pp. 11 to 14.
^3 As the native word mac a signifies son,
hence lirechan, who wrote St. Patrick's Acts a thousand years before Colgan's time, when speaking of a certain church founded by the Irish Apostle, in the southern part of Meath, observes, "in qua S. Brigida pallium
confirmation from St. and hence Mel,
pro-
bably arose some confusion between his hav-
ing conferred orders and the veil on this
pious virgin, as stated by some old writers.
"
Obits and Martyrology of the Cathe-
See
dral Church of the Holy Trinity," edited by
John Clarke Crosthwaite and Dr. James caepit sub manibus filii Caille in Uisnech Henthom Todd. Introduction, p. xcviii. , Midhe. "
and n. (y), ibid. ^4 See "Historia Scotorum," lib. ix. , fol.
59 In Professor O'Looney's Irish MS. 158.
Life it is called Tealach Midhe, pp. 17, 18.
^s According to Camerarius, the sepulchre
of the Scottish kings was in the Island of
Mona. See " De Statu Hominis, veteris
simul ac novae Ecclesiae, et Sanctis Regni
^°
the district of the Methians in Ultonia. See
"
Trias Thaumaturga. " Vita Tertia S. Bri-
By this is probably to be understood,
gidse, cap. xviii. , and nn. 12, 13, pp. 529,
543- ^^
The Irish Life of St. Brigid in the Leabhar Breac likewise renders some por- tions of it different from that in the Book of Lismore. In the latter we read from Pro-
** On the eighth hour Brigid was born, and on a particular Wednesday in the eighteenth [year of her age] she took the veil, in the
Scotise ;" lib. i. , cap. iii. , sec. ii. , p. 141. ^^
fessor O'Looney's English translation
:
^7 See ibid. Vita S. Patricii, lib. ii. , cap. X. , p. 53-
^8 Lib. iii. , cap. 35.
^9 He was a disciple to St. Mel and to Melchu, the nephews of St. Patrick.
7° He lived, died and was venerated in a part of Leinster, called Ifalge, in a place
^^
See on this subject. Rev. James Hen- "
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. cli. p. 98.
is called
6o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February i.
her,7^ and he died in the year 489. 7^ But, St. MacCuill or Maccaldus, after- wards Bishop of Man, it is stated, does not seem to have been baptized, much less consecrated as bishop, when St. Brigid had been veiled. 73 Be- sides, circumstances of their Hves and deaths, their acts and the places in which they flourished, evidence their non-identity.
Brogan Cloen states,74 that Maccalleus placed the veil over St. Brigid's head -p while the Calendar of Cashel and Maguire76 corroborate such an account. By both the latter, too, are we informed,77 that this holy man had been venerated at Cruachan Brigh-eile,72 now Croghan Hill,79 in the former territoryofHy-FailgeorOiTaly. ^° Inlikemanner,TirechanandCogitosus^' assert, that the virgin received her religious dress, at the hands of Bishop Maccalle. ^^ To one well versed in the Irish language, it will be found, that both names, Maccalle and Macald are distinct, although from their ambiguity, or supposed affinity, they have led Avriters to confound St. Maccalleus with St. Maccaldus. ^3
called Cruachan, as appears from several
Lives of St. Brigid, published by Colgan. In no writer do we read of his having been
a robber, in any part of Ulster, called Mag- inis, or that he there exercised his vocation, after St. Brigid had been veiled and rendered renowned by her miracles, or after St. Patrick traversing Munster had returned to Ulster.
71 While Ussher assigns this veiling to
A. D, 467, Dr. Lanigan thinks it may be ad-
mitted, that she Avas professed in the year 469. See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
It lay within the ancient territory of Ofalia. It rises on the confines of ancient Meath and Leinster. See "Letters containing Information relative to the Antiquities of the King's County, collected during the Progress of the Ordnance Survey in 1837," vol. i. , pp. 104 to 115.
79 On the very summit of Croghan Hill is a small moat or sepulchral tu? ? iulus. This seems to have been the monument of Congal,
teAcc ConJAibe, —^o^ "btM Gile i\o yvoencA.
Ibid. , p. no.
land," vol. i. , chap, viii. , sec. iii. , p. 386. ''
*'
72 As the Annals of the Four Masters"
have it from those of ^° From the or moat on Senat-mac-magnus, top
of Clonmacnoise, and of the Island.
73 By Ussher, Maccaille has been con- founded with Maguil or Maccaldus, Bishop of Man. In this island, it is said, likewise,
*
See Dr. Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. ,
Croghan Hill, the whole level plain or ctiiyv of Ofalia and its natural boundaries may be seen at aglance. It stretches, nearly as level as a lake south- wards, to the foot of the Slieve Bloom Moun- tains, and to the Sugar Loaf shaped Hills, at Killone, in the Queen's County, and east- wards to the Hill of Allen, in Kildare county. See ibid. , p. 112. Dr. O'Donovan describes the extent of this territory, which he illustrates with hand-drawn maps from
pp. 24 to 47, ibid.
^' He calls it "a white one. " See Col-
our saint was veiled.
chap, viii. , sec. iii. , and nn. 39, 40, pp. 386,
388.
7* See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga.
"
Hymnus, seu Prima Vita S. Brigida;, p. 515. 75 Regarding St. Brigid's virtues and mira-
holy virgin's
a short time after this
cles,
death, following
we find the —
Latin version "Trias gan's
Secunda
of his Irish Hymn
" Posuit avibas Maccalleus velum
Super caput SanctK Brigidaj Clarus est in ejus gestis ;
In coelo exaudita est ejus petitio
Deum precor in omnibus adversis,
Modis omnibus, quibus valet os meum,
Profundiorem pelago, magnifice prsedi- cabilem.
Thaumaturga. " Brigidae," cap. iii. , p. 519.
Trinum et Unum. ^Ibid.
Veridica narratio. "
Martyrologists name the saint venerated at the 25th of April Maccaille, i. e. , filius Caille.
Colgan remarks, that Alac signifies son, and Caille is either the proper name of a man,
or if it be appellative, it has the signification of a veil : so that in Latin, Mac-caille could be rendered filius veli, he having obtained such a name perhaps, from the circumstance of his having veiled St. Brigid.
^i The Bishop of Man, m St. Patrick's Irish Life and elsewhere, is called Mac- cuille ; by Probus Macfill or Mac/ail ; and by Joceline he is named Macaldus, in Latin ; thus by use of the single c, it seems to be supposed, that in Irish, he was called Ma- caill or Mac-aild. The Irish word Call^ which in the genetive case becomes Cuilly
:
Vita S.
^' We have already seen, that the Irish
76 Commenting on St. Angus' " Festi- logy," he calls it "the white veil. "
77 At the 28th of April.
78 In a letter, dated Tullamore, January 4th, 1838, John O'Donovan identifies Crua-
chan Bri Eile with the present conspicuous Hill of Croghan, in the parish of Croghan, and in the barony of Lower Philipslown.
" Poem of the Monuments.
alluded to in the
Laoidh na Leacht," or
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 6i
The profession of St. Brigid is held to have occurred a. d. 467,^-* or possibly A. D. 469. ^5 That our Apostle St. Patrick^^ officiated on this occa- sion^7 has been affirmed by such writers as John Brampton^^ and Henry of Marlborough. ^9 According to another account,9° she was veiled by two holy bishops, who were disciples of St. Patrick. In his Life of the saint, Ultan relates, that she received the veil from Bishop Mel,9' a disciple of St. Patrick ;92 and the same statement is to be found among her other acts, in the Irish language. This representation has been adopted by Harris. 93 However, the story about St. Mel of Ardagh having veiled her is contra- dicted by the best authorities, and it is not even worthy of refutation, in Dr. Lanigan'sopinion. 94 Itistoberegretted,thatwehavenotonrecordtheexact name of that church,95 in which St. Brigid made her religious profession. Cruachan Brigh-eile it is usually called. 9<5 From the account left us by Cogitosus, that church97 would seem to have been renowned for religious pilgrimages in his day, and to have been the scene of numerous miracles, wroughtonbehalfofthedevoutclientsofoursaint. Still,thisunnotedchurch
^haspossiblybeenidentified. 92 Itisthoughttohavebeenontheeasternside of the conspicuous Hill of Croghan,99 near Tyrrell's Pass, on the confines of
has the same as nut and the signification ;
word Caill, the same as wood; the word
faol as wolf; whilst all, aid or alt means a
forest. Wherefore, Mac-mill, Mac-caill, Mac-aill or Mac-aild may have the signifi-
cation oifilius nucis, filius sylva:, filius lupi, ox filius saltus, in Latin ; as if the name had been bestowed on him, "ex eo quod in sylvis et saltibus latrocinia exercebat. " Colgan adds, that these notices are given by him, not because he would assert, that he had furnished the right origin for such proper names ; but, because they show dif- ferences existing between them, and may be adopted, until better interpretations or de- rivations are offered. With those two names of the saints in question, and from many ap- pellatives of saints in Ireland, which com-
9° See " Sanctorum Hystorie plurimorum
noviter et laboriose ex diversis libris col- lecte. " Louvanii, A. D, 1485, 4to.
9^ See, in reference to this account, "The Book of Obits and Martyrology of the Ca- thedi-al Church of the Holy Trinity," edited by John Clarke (^rosthwaite and Rev. James Henthorn Todd, Introduction, pp. xcvi^ to cii. , with accompanying notes.
52 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. xviii. , p. 519.
mence with Mac, scarcely one—
of Ireland," book i. , chap, iii. , p. 12.
94 Headds "It is to be found in the :
Third Life (cap. 18), with the author of which Mel appears to have been a great fa- vourite Yet, however partial to Mel, it mentions Maccaille, but
can be considered a name proper to whom it may
him as
St. Brigid to him. "
adopting its etymological origin
be applied, but many are conventional.
^'^ See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesi-
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvi. , p. 336. Also, Index Chronologicus, A. D. CCCCLXVII. ^5 See Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical His- tory of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, viii. , section
at least
makes him a
of Mel, and represents
iii. , p. 386.
^^Joceline relates, that St. Brigid was mained attached to its roots and growing,
present at a sermon of St. Patrick, in a place called Finnabhair. Afterwards, St. Patrick went to Munster, where, as well as in other Irish provinces, he spent nine years. See Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xciv. , xcv. , pp. 86, 87. Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. "
^7 Some writers place St. Patrick's death so early as a. d. 458, while others say that he lived until A. D. 493. See " Life of St.
9^ Bri Eile or Croghan was the church of St, Maccaille, See "Letters containing Information relative to the Antiquities of the King's County, collected during the Progress of the Ordnance Survey in 1837. " John O'Donovan's letter dated TuUamore,
112.
January 4th, 1838, p.
97 This was "in the city Medi. " See
"
Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of Scottish
Brigid," by 28.
Priest, chap, iii. , p.
an Irish
Saints," p. 288.
98 See Dr. O'Donovan's
"
Annals of the
^^ See " Historia Joronalensis," ad ann.
I185.
^9 In his " Chronicle," at A. D. 493.
Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (m), p. 152.
99 The parish of Croghan is described on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the King's County. " Sheets 3, 10. On
93 See Harris' Ware. Vol, iii,,
"
Writers
disciple introducing
— " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. ,
chap, viii. , sec. iii. , p. 388.
95 In the Second Life, it is stated, while
the saint made her vows to heaven, she touched a wooden support, on which its altar rested, Cogitosus says, in his time, this wood was Still green, as if it had not been cut down and barked, but had yet re-
acceptance
privilege.
subject,
authority
'°* '"^
In the present county of Westmeath. According to Ussher.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February i.
the King's County and Westmeath. No church at present marks this site, but a frequented graveyard is to be seen on the spot indicated. The place
itself is elevated and greatly exposed to the action of passing winds. It would seem, according to another opinion, that our saint received her religious habit at Huisneach Midi,'°° usually supposed to have been identical with Usny Hill.
18, p. 529.
48 See "Life of St. Erigid," by an Irish
Priest, chap, iii. , pp. 25, 26.
58 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February r.
parents and her manner of living, from the time of her infancy. One of his clerics informed him she was Brigid, the wonder-worker, and a daughter to Dubtach. Hearing this, the bishop was most anxious to comply with the desires of our saint, whose good fame seemed to herald her future career of usefulness in the Church. He placed a veil on the heads of herself and of her companions,'*^ as he knew heaven had already, in a miraculous manner, decreed approval of this ministerial agency. It happened, at the same time, while sacramentary rites of benediction took place, 5° our holy virgin applied her hand to the wood which sustained the altar, s^ and which appeared quite dry and seasoned,52 as it had long being stripped of its leaves and bark. ss It is said, immediately upon being touched by St. Brigid, that it became virescent. s4 On a subsequent occasion, when the church, where such oc- currence took place, had been consumed by fire, that particular portion escaped the flames. ss Thus, as he had formerly wrought great miracles under the Old dispensation. Almighty God would chose to continue his works under the New, through all time loving His elect and affording His protection to them. While the children of Israel journeyed towards the promisedland. Heprecededthembyapillaroffire',^^ andwhileSt. Brigid directed her course towards the heavenly country of her adoption, by the column of fire ascending heavenwards. He directed her thoughts from a teiTene to a celestial ambition. The Third Life relates, three virginss? ac-
companied her, on their visit to Bishops Mel^^ and Melchu. An Irish Life
49 In the Third Life of our saint, it is re- lated, how she took with her three virgins, with whom she went to the territory of the sons of Neill, and to the saints, Bishops Mel and Melchu. These are stated to have been disciples of St, Patrick, and to have had a disciple named Macaille, who said to Mel: "Lo, the holy virgins are without, who wish to receive the veil of virginity at your hands. " When he had introduced them before Bishop Mel, and while the latter was looking at them, on a sudden, a column of fire seemed to surmount the head of Brigid.
52 See the ''Life of St. Brigid," by an Irish Priest, chap, iii. , pp. 27, 28.
53 In the following Latin verses, R. P. Bandinus Gualfredutius, S. J. , has recorded this miracle :
5° The Fifth Life of our saint has
it,
becoming green, to show the purity of those holy virgins present, and between the rod of Aaron, putting forth leaves and fruit. A writer adds : "quia ilia quae per eandem virgam prsesignabatur, et virgo simul et
ter ipsa benedictionum sacramenta," &c.
We are not to understand, that the profes-
" in-
i.
54 Here there is a comparison between the
sion or clothing of a virgin is to be classed
amongst the sacratfients of the Church, pro-
perly so called ; but, it is assigned to the mater fuit. " See Colgan's "Trias Thau- jarrflwt'«/fl//a—distinguished from the sa-
cramenta. By sacramentalia are understood
a variety of benedictions and consecrations,
which do not confer sacramental graces,
peculiar to the effective administration of
the seven sacraments. See, in reference to
this distinction, Devoti's "Institutionum
Canonicarum," libri iv. , tomus i. , lib. ii. ,
tit. ii. , sec. i. , pp. 365, 366. If the word
sacramenta be found in Laurence of Dur-
ham's original MS. , it seems to have been
improperly introduced for sacranientalia.
However, such verbal introduction may
have been the error of a copyist.
5' See Camerarius, " De Statu Hominis, veteris simul ac novse Ecclesise, et Infidelium Conversione," lib. L, cap. iii. , sec. ii. , p. 140.
**
Arida quod tenero revirescunt robora tactu,
Inque suo vivit stipite vita redux ; Virginese memoranda colas miracula dex-
trse ;
— Urentes nunquam senserat ilia faces. " "
Lib. i. , Sacrorum Mensium," pars.
wood
maturga. " Vita Quinta S. Brigidae, cap. xxviii. , xxix. , pp. 573, 574. Also, ibid, "Vita Prima S. Brigidae," sees. 8, 9, p. 575' "Vita Secunda S. Brigidae," cap. iii. , p. 519.
55 This is alluded to in our saint's various offices, and it is generally stated, such a miracle reconciled her parents to that happy choice of life she had made. Also, it is re- lated, in tlie "Chronica Generalis Mundi," and by Petrus de Natalibus.
5* See Exodus, xiii. , 21, 22.
57 Numerical accounts vary. Colgan ob- serves, that in the Irish Life of our saint, cap. xiii. , in the Fifth Life, even in this same Third Life, and in every account of St. Brigid, seven other virgins are described as having been veiled with her.
February i. ] UVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 59
of St. Brigid states, that she was veiled in the territory of Feratulach ;59 while Mel and Melchu lived in a town of Medi or Midio. ^° Regarding the fore- going incidents of our saint's life, in rather a different manner, the Sixth or Hexamater Life of this holy virgin presents us with another narrative. ^^ However, notwithstanding apparent inconsistencies, Colgan is of opinion, that the latter may also be reconciled with former statements ; for, as this illustrious virgin was to be espoused to Christ, might not St. Patrick have entrusted the charge of such an office to his disciple and nephew. Bishop Mel,^^ and might not the latter have deputed it to his disciple St. Maccalleus ? Thus, to each of them might be attributed a part in the ceremony of veiling, although it be immediately and properly referable to the ministry of St. Maccalleus. ^3
Some modem Anglo-Scottish writers, taking Hector Boece^-^ as guide, relate, that our St. Brigid of Kildare was veiled by St. Macchilla, Bishop of Sodor, in the Isle of Mona,^s or Man, about the year 443. But, the casual affinity of name seems to have occasioned this error. As already seen, the bishop who veiled St. Brigid was called Maccalle or Maccalleus ; while, the Bishop of Sodor—that being the episcopal see of the Isle of Man— Machaldus and Magiul, by Joceline,^^ Mac-fill by Probus,^7 and Mac-Cuill in an Irish MS. of the Life of St. Patrick. ^^ Although both of those persons alluded to had been bishops and flourished in St. Patrick's time ; it is certain, that this Maccullius or Macaldus, Bishop of Sodor or Man, was altogether different from St. Maccalleus,^9 the consecrator of St. Brigid, not only in re- ferencetotime,placeandacts,but,evenasregardsthename. Differences between them in point of time show that they must be distinguished. For St. Maccalleus,7° the consecrator of St. Brigid, was bishop before he veiled
5^ In Professor O'Looney's Irish MS. Life,
not only is it stated, that St. Brigid went to
take the veil from Bishop Mel, but it is even
asserted, he bestowed on her the honour of
''
above all other women, so that it is the honour of a bishop the men of Erin givetothesuccessorofSt. Brigideversince,"
eightieth [year of her age] she went into heaven. On the eighth, Brigid was conse- crated under the eight beatitudes [foods] of the Gospel, which she fulfilled, and the food of mercy is what Brigid used to call them," pp. 17, 18.
a bishop,
pp. 17, 18. Such account indicates great thorn Todd's St. Patrick, Apostle of Ire-
antiquity for this Irish Life. However, it must be remarked, that St. Brigid received
land. " Introductory Dissertation, pp. 11 to 14.
^3 As the native word mac a signifies son,
hence lirechan, who wrote St. Patrick's Acts a thousand years before Colgan's time, when speaking of a certain church founded by the Irish Apostle, in the southern part of Meath, observes, "in qua S. Brigida pallium
confirmation from St. and hence Mel,
pro-
bably arose some confusion between his hav-
ing conferred orders and the veil on this
pious virgin, as stated by some old writers.
"
Obits and Martyrology of the Cathe-
See
dral Church of the Holy Trinity," edited by
John Clarke Crosthwaite and Dr. James caepit sub manibus filii Caille in Uisnech Henthom Todd. Introduction, p. xcviii. , Midhe. "
and n. (y), ibid. ^4 See "Historia Scotorum," lib. ix. , fol.
59 In Professor O'Looney's Irish MS. 158.
Life it is called Tealach Midhe, pp. 17, 18.
^s According to Camerarius, the sepulchre
of the Scottish kings was in the Island of
Mona. See " De Statu Hominis, veteris
simul ac novae Ecclesiae, et Sanctis Regni
^°
the district of the Methians in Ultonia. See
"
Trias Thaumaturga. " Vita Tertia S. Bri-
By this is probably to be understood,
gidse, cap. xviii. , and nn. 12, 13, pp. 529,
543- ^^
The Irish Life of St. Brigid in the Leabhar Breac likewise renders some por- tions of it different from that in the Book of Lismore. In the latter we read from Pro-
** On the eighth hour Brigid was born, and on a particular Wednesday in the eighteenth [year of her age] she took the veil, in the
Scotise ;" lib. i. , cap. iii. , sec. ii. , p. 141. ^^
fessor O'Looney's English translation
:
^7 See ibid. Vita S. Patricii, lib. ii. , cap. X. , p. 53-
^8 Lib. iii. , cap. 35.
^9 He was a disciple to St. Mel and to Melchu, the nephews of St. Patrick.
7° He lived, died and was venerated in a part of Leinster, called Ifalge, in a place
^^
See on this subject. Rev. James Hen- "
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. cli. p. 98.
is called
6o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February i.
her,7^ and he died in the year 489. 7^ But, St. MacCuill or Maccaldus, after- wards Bishop of Man, it is stated, does not seem to have been baptized, much less consecrated as bishop, when St. Brigid had been veiled. 73 Be- sides, circumstances of their Hves and deaths, their acts and the places in which they flourished, evidence their non-identity.
Brogan Cloen states,74 that Maccalleus placed the veil over St. Brigid's head -p while the Calendar of Cashel and Maguire76 corroborate such an account. By both the latter, too, are we informed,77 that this holy man had been venerated at Cruachan Brigh-eile,72 now Croghan Hill,79 in the former territoryofHy-FailgeorOiTaly. ^° Inlikemanner,TirechanandCogitosus^' assert, that the virgin received her religious dress, at the hands of Bishop Maccalle. ^^ To one well versed in the Irish language, it will be found, that both names, Maccalle and Macald are distinct, although from their ambiguity, or supposed affinity, they have led Avriters to confound St. Maccalleus with St. Maccaldus. ^3
called Cruachan, as appears from several
Lives of St. Brigid, published by Colgan. In no writer do we read of his having been
a robber, in any part of Ulster, called Mag- inis, or that he there exercised his vocation, after St. Brigid had been veiled and rendered renowned by her miracles, or after St. Patrick traversing Munster had returned to Ulster.
71 While Ussher assigns this veiling to
A. D, 467, Dr. Lanigan thinks it may be ad-
mitted, that she Avas professed in the year 469. See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
It lay within the ancient territory of Ofalia. It rises on the confines of ancient Meath and Leinster. See "Letters containing Information relative to the Antiquities of the King's County, collected during the Progress of the Ordnance Survey in 1837," vol. i. , pp. 104 to 115.
79 On the very summit of Croghan Hill is a small moat or sepulchral tu? ? iulus. This seems to have been the monument of Congal,
teAcc ConJAibe, —^o^ "btM Gile i\o yvoencA.
Ibid. , p. no.
land," vol. i. , chap, viii. , sec. iii. , p. 386. ''
*'
72 As the Annals of the Four Masters"
have it from those of ^° From the or moat on Senat-mac-magnus, top
of Clonmacnoise, and of the Island.
73 By Ussher, Maccaille has been con- founded with Maguil or Maccaldus, Bishop of Man. In this island, it is said, likewise,
*
See Dr. Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. ,
Croghan Hill, the whole level plain or ctiiyv of Ofalia and its natural boundaries may be seen at aglance. It stretches, nearly as level as a lake south- wards, to the foot of the Slieve Bloom Moun- tains, and to the Sugar Loaf shaped Hills, at Killone, in the Queen's County, and east- wards to the Hill of Allen, in Kildare county. See ibid. , p. 112. Dr. O'Donovan describes the extent of this territory, which he illustrates with hand-drawn maps from
pp. 24 to 47, ibid.
^' He calls it "a white one. " See Col-
our saint was veiled.
chap, viii. , sec. iii. , and nn. 39, 40, pp. 386,
388.
7* See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga.
"
Hymnus, seu Prima Vita S. Brigida;, p. 515. 75 Regarding St. Brigid's virtues and mira-
holy virgin's
a short time after this
cles,
death, following
we find the —
Latin version "Trias gan's
Secunda
of his Irish Hymn
" Posuit avibas Maccalleus velum
Super caput SanctK Brigidaj Clarus est in ejus gestis ;
In coelo exaudita est ejus petitio
Deum precor in omnibus adversis,
Modis omnibus, quibus valet os meum,
Profundiorem pelago, magnifice prsedi- cabilem.
Thaumaturga. " Brigidae," cap. iii. , p. 519.
Trinum et Unum. ^Ibid.
Veridica narratio. "
Martyrologists name the saint venerated at the 25th of April Maccaille, i. e. , filius Caille.
Colgan remarks, that Alac signifies son, and Caille is either the proper name of a man,
or if it be appellative, it has the signification of a veil : so that in Latin, Mac-caille could be rendered filius veli, he having obtained such a name perhaps, from the circumstance of his having veiled St. Brigid.
^i The Bishop of Man, m St. Patrick's Irish Life and elsewhere, is called Mac- cuille ; by Probus Macfill or Mac/ail ; and by Joceline he is named Macaldus, in Latin ; thus by use of the single c, it seems to be supposed, that in Irish, he was called Ma- caill or Mac-aild. The Irish word Call^ which in the genetive case becomes Cuilly
:
Vita S.
^' We have already seen, that the Irish
76 Commenting on St. Angus' " Festi- logy," he calls it "the white veil. "
77 At the 28th of April.
78 In a letter, dated Tullamore, January 4th, 1838, John O'Donovan identifies Crua-
chan Bri Eile with the present conspicuous Hill of Croghan, in the parish of Croghan, and in the barony of Lower Philipslown.
" Poem of the Monuments.
alluded to in the
Laoidh na Leacht," or
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 6i
The profession of St. Brigid is held to have occurred a. d. 467,^-* or possibly A. D. 469. ^5 That our Apostle St. Patrick^^ officiated on this occa- sion^7 has been affirmed by such writers as John Brampton^^ and Henry of Marlborough. ^9 According to another account,9° she was veiled by two holy bishops, who were disciples of St. Patrick. In his Life of the saint, Ultan relates, that she received the veil from Bishop Mel,9' a disciple of St. Patrick ;92 and the same statement is to be found among her other acts, in the Irish language. This representation has been adopted by Harris. 93 However, the story about St. Mel of Ardagh having veiled her is contra- dicted by the best authorities, and it is not even worthy of refutation, in Dr. Lanigan'sopinion. 94 Itistoberegretted,thatwehavenotonrecordtheexact name of that church,95 in which St. Brigid made her religious profession. Cruachan Brigh-eile it is usually called. 9<5 From the account left us by Cogitosus, that church97 would seem to have been renowned for religious pilgrimages in his day, and to have been the scene of numerous miracles, wroughtonbehalfofthedevoutclientsofoursaint. Still,thisunnotedchurch
^haspossiblybeenidentified. 92 Itisthoughttohavebeenontheeasternside of the conspicuous Hill of Croghan,99 near Tyrrell's Pass, on the confines of
has the same as nut and the signification ;
word Caill, the same as wood; the word
faol as wolf; whilst all, aid or alt means a
forest. Wherefore, Mac-mill, Mac-caill, Mac-aill or Mac-aild may have the signifi-
cation oifilius nucis, filius sylva:, filius lupi, ox filius saltus, in Latin ; as if the name had been bestowed on him, "ex eo quod in sylvis et saltibus latrocinia exercebat. " Colgan adds, that these notices are given by him, not because he would assert, that he had furnished the right origin for such proper names ; but, because they show dif- ferences existing between them, and may be adopted, until better interpretations or de- rivations are offered. With those two names of the saints in question, and from many ap- pellatives of saints in Ireland, which com-
9° See " Sanctorum Hystorie plurimorum
noviter et laboriose ex diversis libris col- lecte. " Louvanii, A. D, 1485, 4to.
9^ See, in reference to this account, "The Book of Obits and Martyrology of the Ca- thedi-al Church of the Holy Trinity," edited by John Clarke (^rosthwaite and Rev. James Henthorn Todd, Introduction, pp. xcvi^ to cii. , with accompanying notes.
52 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. xviii. , p. 519.
mence with Mac, scarcely one—
of Ireland," book i. , chap, iii. , p. 12.
94 Headds "It is to be found in the :
Third Life (cap. 18), with the author of which Mel appears to have been a great fa- vourite Yet, however partial to Mel, it mentions Maccaille, but
can be considered a name proper to whom it may
him as
St. Brigid to him. "
adopting its etymological origin
be applied, but many are conventional.
^'^ See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesi-
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvi. , p. 336. Also, Index Chronologicus, A. D. CCCCLXVII. ^5 See Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical His- tory of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, viii. , section
at least
makes him a
of Mel, and represents
iii. , p. 386.
^^Joceline relates, that St. Brigid was mained attached to its roots and growing,
present at a sermon of St. Patrick, in a place called Finnabhair. Afterwards, St. Patrick went to Munster, where, as well as in other Irish provinces, he spent nine years. See Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xciv. , xcv. , pp. 86, 87. Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. "
^7 Some writers place St. Patrick's death so early as a. d. 458, while others say that he lived until A. D. 493. See " Life of St.
9^ Bri Eile or Croghan was the church of St, Maccaille, See "Letters containing Information relative to the Antiquities of the King's County, collected during the Progress of the Ordnance Survey in 1837. " John O'Donovan's letter dated TuUamore,
112.
January 4th, 1838, p.
97 This was "in the city Medi. " See
"
Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of Scottish
Brigid," by 28.
Priest, chap, iii. , p.
an Irish
Saints," p. 288.
98 See Dr. O'Donovan's
"
Annals of the
^^ See " Historia Joronalensis," ad ann.
I185.
^9 In his " Chronicle," at A. D. 493.
Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (m), p. 152.
99 The parish of Croghan is described on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the King's County. " Sheets 3, 10. On
93 See Harris' Ware. Vol, iii,,
"
Writers
disciple introducing
— " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. ,
chap, viii. , sec. iii. , p. 388.
95 In the Second Life, it is stated, while
the saint made her vows to heaven, she touched a wooden support, on which its altar rested, Cogitosus says, in his time, this wood was Still green, as if it had not been cut down and barked, but had yet re-
acceptance
privilege.
subject,
authority
'°* '"^
In the present county of Westmeath. According to Ussher.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February i.
the King's County and Westmeath. No church at present marks this site, but a frequented graveyard is to be seen on the spot indicated. The place
itself is elevated and greatly exposed to the action of passing winds. It would seem, according to another opinion, that our saint received her religious habit at Huisneach Midi,'°° usually supposed to have been identical with Usny Hill.
