divided by
Augustus
between his brother Rhescu-
Here again he shewed his hostility to Athens, poris and his son Cotys.
Here again he shewed his hostility to Athens, poris and his son Cotys.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
12 ; Plut.
Ant.
18, who calls
part of the country for their winter-quarters, Cotta him Cotylo. )
and Q. Titurius Sabinus obtained the command of COTYS or COTYTTO (Kótus or KOTUTTW), a
one legion and five cohorts, with which they took Thracian divinity, whose festival, the Cotyttia
up their position in the territory of the Eburones, (Dict. of Ant. s. v. ), resembled that of the Phrygian
between the Mense and the Rhine. Soon after, Cybele, and was celebrated on hills with riotous
Ambiorix and Cativolcus, the chiefs of the Ebu- proceedings. In later times her worship was in-
rones, caused a revolt against the Romans, and troduced at Athens and Corinth, and was connect-
attacked the camp of Cotta and Sabinus only fif-ed, like that of Dionysus, with licentious frivolity.
teen days after they had been stationed in the Her worship appears to have spread even as far as
country. Cotta, who apprehended more from the Italy and Sicily. Those who celebrated her fes-
cunning than from the open attacks of the Gauls, tiral were called Bántal, from the purifications
strongly recommended his colleague not to abandon which were originally connected with the solem-
the camp and trust to the faith of the Gauls ; but nity. (Strab. x. p. 470; _llesych. Suid. s. vv.
Sabinus, who feared that they should be overpow Kórus, Diaouths ; Horat. Epod. xvii. 56 ; Juven.
ered in their winter-quarters, was anxious to avail ii. 92 ; Virg. Cutal. v. 19; A. Meineke, Quest.
himself of the safe conduct which Ambiorix pro- Scen. p. 41, &c. )
(L. S. ]
mised, and to proceed to the winter-quarters of COTYS (Kótis). 1. A king of Paphlagonia,
the legions nearest to them. After some debates, seems to have been the same whom Xenophon
Cotta gave way for the sake of concord among his (Anab. v. 5. $ 12, &c. ) calls Corylas. Otys also
forces. The Romans were drawn into an ambus- is only another form of the name. A vassal origi-
cade by the Gauls, and Cotta, who neglected none nally of the Persian throne, he had thrown off his
of the duties of a general in his perilous position, allegiance to Artaxerxes II. , and, when summoned
received a wound in his face while addressing the to court, as a test probably of his loyalty, had re-
soldiers ; but he still continued to fight bravely, fused obedience. He therefore listened readily to
and refused entering into negotiations with the the recommendation of Spithridates to enter into
enemy, until shortly after he and the greater part alliance with Sparta, and having met Agesilaus for
of his soldiers were cut down by the Gauls. (Cae- this purpose on his entrance into Paphlagonia, he
sar, B. G. ii. 11, v. 24-37; Dion Cass. xl. 5, 6; left with him a considerable reinforcement for his
Sueton. Caes. 25; Appian, B. C. ii. 150; Florus, army. For this service Agesilaus rewarded Spi-
iii. 10; Eutrop. vi. 14. )
[L. S. ) thridates by negotiating a marriage for his daugh-
M. and P. COTTli, of Tauromenium in Sicily, ter with Cotys, B. C. 395. (Xen. llell. iv. I. § 3,
two Roman knights, witnesses against Verres. &c. ) The subject of the present article has been
(Cic. Verr. v. 64. )
identified by some with Thyus, whom Datames
CO'TTIUS, son of Donnus, was king of seves conquered and carried prisoner to Artaxerxes about
ral Ligurian tribes in those parts of the Alps, B. C. 364; but this conjecture does not appear to
which were called after him, the Cottian Alps. rest on any valid grounds. (See Schneider, ad
He maintained his independence when the other Yen. Hell. I. c. ) [Thyus. ]
Alpine tribes were subdued by Augustus, till at 2. King of Thrace from B. c. 382 to 358. (See
length the emperor purchased his submission, by Suid. s. v. , where his reign is said to have lasted
granting him the sovereignty over twelve of these twenty-four years. ). It is not, however, till to-
tribes, with the title of Praefectus. Cottius there wards the end of this period that we find anything
upon made roads over the Alps, and shewed his gra- recorded of him. In B. C. 364 he appears as an
titude to Augustus by erecting (B. C. 8) at Segusio, enemy of the Athenians, the main point of dispute
now Suza, a triumphal arch to his honour, which being the possession of the Thracian Chersonesus,
is extant at the present day, and bears an inscrip and it was at this time that he first availed himself
tion, in which the praefect is called M. Julius Cot of the aid of the adventurer Charidemus on his
tius, and the names of the people are enumerated, desertion from the Athenian service (see p. 684,
of which he was praefect. His authority was b. ). He also secured the valuable assistance of
transmitted to his son, who also bore the name of Iphicrates, to whom he gave one of his daughters
M. Julius Cottius, and upon whom the emperor in marriage, and who did not scruple to take part
Claudius conferred the title of king. But upon with his father-in-law against his country. (Dem.
the death of this prince, his kingdom was reduced c. Aristuer. pp. 663, 669, 672; Pseudo-Aristot.
by Nero into the form of a Roman province. Oecon. ii. 26 ; Nep. Iphicr. 3; Anaxandr. ap.
(Amm. Marc. xv. 10 ; Strab. iv. p. 204 ; Plin. Athen. iv. p. 131. ) In B. c. 362, Miltocythes, a
H. N. iii. 20. s. 24 ; Orelli, Inscr. No. 626 ; Dion. powerful chief, revolted from Cotys, and engaged
Cass. lx. 24 ; Suet. Ner. 18 ; Aur. Vict. Caes. 5, the Athenians on his side by promising to cede
Epit. 5 ; Eutrop. vii. 14. )
the Chersonesus to them; but Cotys sent them a
COʻTYLA, L. VARIUS, one of Antony's letter, outbidding his adversary in promises, and
most intimate friends and boon companions, al- the Athenians passed a decree in the king's favour.
though Cicero says that Antony had him whipped It has been thought that this was the same decree
on two occasions, during a banquet, by public which conferred on him the gift of citizenship.
slaves. He was probably aedile in B. c. 44, as he (See Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. p. 217; Ep. Phil
.
is called in the following year a man of aedilician / ud Ath. p. 101, where he is called " Sitalces. ")
## p. 870 (#890) ############################################
870
COTYS.
CRANAEA.
The effect of it certainly was so to discourage 4. A king of Thrace, took part against Caesar
Miltocythes that he abandoned the struggle, while with Pomper, and sent him a body of auxiliaries
Cotys, having gained his point, never dreamed of under his son Sadisles in B. C. 48. (Caes. Bell.
fulfilling his promises. (Dem. C. Aristocr. p. 655, Civ. iii. 4 ; Lucan. Phars. v. 51. )
c. Polycl. 1207. ) [AUTOCLES, No. 2. ] In the 5. Son of Rhoemetilces, king of Thrace. On
same year he vigorously opposed Ariobarzanes and the death of Rhocmetalces his dominions were
the other revolted satraps of the western provinces.
divided by Augustus between his brother Rhescu-
Here again he shewed his hostility to Athens, poris and his son Cotys. Rhescuporis desired to
which sided with the rebels, while another motive subject the whole kingdom to himself, but did not
with him for the course he took seems to have venture on palpable acts of aggression till the death
been, that the satraps protected the cities on the of Angustus. lle then openly waged war against
Hellespont, over which he desired to establish his his nephew, but both parties were commanded by
own authority. Having besieged Sestus, which Tiberius to desist from hostilies. Rhescuporis
belonged to Ariobarzanes, he was compelled, ap- then, feigning a wish for friendly negotiation, in-
parently by Timotheus, to raise the siege ; but the rited Corys to a conference, and, at the banquet
town soon after revolted from Athens and sub- which followed, he treacherously seized him, and,
mitted to Cotys, who, having in vain tried to per- baving thrown him into chains, wrote to Tiberius,
suade Iphicrates to aid him [IPHICRATES), again pretending that he had only acted in self-defence
bought the services of Charidemus, made him his and anticipated a plot on the part of Cotys. He
son-in-law, and prosecuted the war with his was, howerer, commanded to release him, and to
assistance. (Xen. Ages, ii. 20; Nep. Timoth. come to Rome to have the matter investigated,
l; Dem. de Rhod. Lib. p. 193, c. Aristocr. pp. wherenpon (A. D. 19) he murdered his prisoner,
663, 664, 672—674. ) [CHARIDEM US. ] This thinking, says Tacitus, that he might as well have
appears to have occurred in B. C. 359, and in the to answer for a crime completed as for one half
same year, and not long after Philip's accession, done. Tacitus spcaks of Cotys as a man of gentle
we find him supporting the claims of the pretender disposition and manners, and Ovid, in an epistle
Pausanias to the Macedonian throne ; but the addressed to him during his exile at Tomi, alludes
bribes of Philip induced him to abandon his cause. to his cultivated taste for literature, and claims his
(Diod. xvi. 2, 3. ) For his letter to Philip, perhaps favour and protection as a brother-poet. (Tac. Ann.
on this occasion, see Hegesand. ap. Athen. vi. p. i. 64–67, iii. 38 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 129; Ov. ex Pont.
248. In B. C. 358, he was assassinated by Py- . I. )
thon or Parrhon and Heracleides (two citizens of 6. A king of a portion of Thrace, and perhaps
Aenus, a Greek town in Thrace), whose father he one of the sons of No. 5. (See Tac. Ann. ii. 67. )
had in some way injured. The murderers were In A. D. 38, Caligula gave the whole of Thrace to
honoured by the Athenians with golden crowns Rhoemetalces, son of Rhescuporis, and put Cotys
and the franchise of the city. (Arist. Polit, v. 10, in possession of Armenia Minor. In A. D. 47,
ed. Bekk. ; Dem. C. Aristocr. pp. 659, 662, 674; when Claudius wished to place Mithridates on the
Plut. alv. Colot. 32; Diog. Laërt. iii. 46, ix. 65. ) | throne of Armenia, Cotys endeavoured to obtain it
Cotys, from the accounts we have of him, was for himself, and had succeeded in attaching some
much addicted to gross luxury, and especially to of the nobles to his cause, but was compelled by
drunkenness, the prevalent vice of bis nation. His the commands of the emperor to desist. (Dion
violence and cruelty were excessive, almost, in Cass. lix. 12; Tac. Ann. xi. 9. )
fact, akin to madness. He is said to have mur- 7. King of the Bosporus, which he received
dered his wife, of whom he was jealous, with cir- from the Romans on the expulsion of his brother
cumstances of the most shocking barbarity ; on one Mithridates. As only a few cohorts under Julius
occasion also he persuaded himself, or chose to Aquila had been left in the country to support
assert, that he was the bridegroom of the goddess the new king, who was himself young and inex-
Athena, and, having drunk deeply at what he perienced, Mithridates endeavoured to recover his
called the nuptial feast, he put to death two of his dominions by force of arms, A. D. 50; but he was
attendants successively, who had not presence of conquered and carried prisoner to Rome. (Tac.
mind or courtly tact sufficient to fall in with his Ann. xii. 15—21. )
mad humour. (Theopomp. ap. Athen. xii. pp. 531, The second of the coins figured on p. 777, a.
532 ; Suid. s. v. ; Plut. Reg. et Imp. Apophth. ) belongs to this Cotys, who is sometimes called
3. A king of the Odrysae in Thrace. He was Cotys I. , king of the Bosporus. The coin given
originally an ally of Rome, but was forced into an below belongs to Cotys II. , who reigned under
alliance against her with Perseus, to whom he Hadrian, and is mentioned by Arrian in his Peri-
gave hostages for his fidelity, and supplied a force plus. The obverse represents the head of Cotys,
of 2000 men. When Perseus was conquered by the reverse that of Hadrian. (Eckhel, ii. pp. 376,
Aemilius Paullus in B. C. 168, Bites, the son of 378. )
[E. E. ]
Cotys, was taken prisoner and carried to Rome,
and his father sent ambassadors to offer any sum
of money for his freedom, and to account for his
own conduct in having sided with Macedonia.
The Roman senate did not admit the excuse of
Cotys as a valid one, but they made a flourish of
generosity, and released the prince unransomed.
Cotys is honourably recorded as differing widely
from the generality of his countrymen in sobriety,
gentieness, and cultivation of mind. (Polyb. xxvii.
10, xxx. 12; Suid. s. 2. ; Liv. xli. 29, 51, 57, 59, CRANAEA (Kpavaia), a surname of Artemis,
67, xiii. 18, xlv. 42. )
derived from a temple on a hill near Elateia in
L
## p. 871 (#891) ############################################
CRASSINUS.
871
CRASSITIUS.
66
2
S
:
Phocis, in which the office of priest was always CRASSIPES, thick-footed," the name of a
held by youths below the age of puberty, and for patrician family of the Furia gens.
the space of five years by each youth. (Paus. X. 1. M. Furius Crassiles, was one of the three
34. & 4. )
(L. S. ] commissior. ers appointed in B. c. 194 to found a
CRANA'US (Kpavabs), an autochthon and king Latin colony among the Brutii, and he with his
of Attica, who reigned at the time of the flood of colleagues accordingly led, two years afterwards,
Deucalion. He was married to Pedias, by whom 3700 foot soldiers and 300 horsemen to Vibo,
he became the father of Cranac, Cranaechme, and which had been previously called Ilipponium.
Atthis, from the last of whom Attica was believed Crassipes was elected praetor, in s. c. 187, and
to have derived its name. He was deprived of his obtained the province of Gaul. Desiring to obtain
kingdom by Amphictyon, his son-in-law, and after a pretext for a war, he deprived the Cenomani of
his death he was buried in the demos of Lamprae, their arms, though they had been guilty of no of-
where his tomb was shewn as late as the time of fence; but when this people appealed to the senate
Pausanias. (Apollod. iii. 14. S 5, &c. ; Paus. i. 2. at Rome, Crassipes was commanded to restore
S 5, 31. S 2. )
(L. S. ] them their arms, and to depart from the province.
CRANE. (Cardea. ]
He obtained the praetorship a second time in B. C.
CRANTOR (Kpávtwp), of Soli in Cilicia, left 173, and received Sicily as his province. (Liv.
his native country, and repaired to Athens, in xxxiv. 53, xxxv. 40, xxxviii. 42, xxxix. 3, xli. 28.
order to study philosophy, where he became a s. 33, xlii. 1. )
pupil of Xenocrates and a friend of Polemo, and 2. Furius CRASSIPES, married Tullia, the
one of the most distinguished supporters of the daughter of M. Tullius Cicero, after the death of her
philosophy of the older Academy. As Xenocrates first husband, C. Piso Frugi. The marriage con-
died B. c. 315, Crantor must have come to Athens tract (sponsalia) was made on the 6th of April, B. C.
previous to that year, but we do not know the 56. She was, however, shortly afterwards divorced
date of his birth or his death.
part of the country for their winter-quarters, Cotta him Cotylo. )
and Q. Titurius Sabinus obtained the command of COTYS or COTYTTO (Kótus or KOTUTTW), a
one legion and five cohorts, with which they took Thracian divinity, whose festival, the Cotyttia
up their position in the territory of the Eburones, (Dict. of Ant. s. v. ), resembled that of the Phrygian
between the Mense and the Rhine. Soon after, Cybele, and was celebrated on hills with riotous
Ambiorix and Cativolcus, the chiefs of the Ebu- proceedings. In later times her worship was in-
rones, caused a revolt against the Romans, and troduced at Athens and Corinth, and was connect-
attacked the camp of Cotta and Sabinus only fif-ed, like that of Dionysus, with licentious frivolity.
teen days after they had been stationed in the Her worship appears to have spread even as far as
country. Cotta, who apprehended more from the Italy and Sicily. Those who celebrated her fes-
cunning than from the open attacks of the Gauls, tiral were called Bántal, from the purifications
strongly recommended his colleague not to abandon which were originally connected with the solem-
the camp and trust to the faith of the Gauls ; but nity. (Strab. x. p. 470; _llesych. Suid. s. vv.
Sabinus, who feared that they should be overpow Kórus, Diaouths ; Horat. Epod. xvii. 56 ; Juven.
ered in their winter-quarters, was anxious to avail ii. 92 ; Virg. Cutal. v. 19; A. Meineke, Quest.
himself of the safe conduct which Ambiorix pro- Scen. p. 41, &c. )
(L. S. ]
mised, and to proceed to the winter-quarters of COTYS (Kótis). 1. A king of Paphlagonia,
the legions nearest to them. After some debates, seems to have been the same whom Xenophon
Cotta gave way for the sake of concord among his (Anab. v. 5. $ 12, &c. ) calls Corylas. Otys also
forces. The Romans were drawn into an ambus- is only another form of the name. A vassal origi-
cade by the Gauls, and Cotta, who neglected none nally of the Persian throne, he had thrown off his
of the duties of a general in his perilous position, allegiance to Artaxerxes II. , and, when summoned
received a wound in his face while addressing the to court, as a test probably of his loyalty, had re-
soldiers ; but he still continued to fight bravely, fused obedience. He therefore listened readily to
and refused entering into negotiations with the the recommendation of Spithridates to enter into
enemy, until shortly after he and the greater part alliance with Sparta, and having met Agesilaus for
of his soldiers were cut down by the Gauls. (Cae- this purpose on his entrance into Paphlagonia, he
sar, B. G. ii. 11, v. 24-37; Dion Cass. xl. 5, 6; left with him a considerable reinforcement for his
Sueton. Caes. 25; Appian, B. C. ii. 150; Florus, army. For this service Agesilaus rewarded Spi-
iii. 10; Eutrop. vi. 14. )
[L. S. ) thridates by negotiating a marriage for his daugh-
M. and P. COTTli, of Tauromenium in Sicily, ter with Cotys, B. C. 395. (Xen. llell. iv. I. § 3,
two Roman knights, witnesses against Verres. &c. ) The subject of the present article has been
(Cic. Verr. v. 64. )
identified by some with Thyus, whom Datames
CO'TTIUS, son of Donnus, was king of seves conquered and carried prisoner to Artaxerxes about
ral Ligurian tribes in those parts of the Alps, B. C. 364; but this conjecture does not appear to
which were called after him, the Cottian Alps. rest on any valid grounds. (See Schneider, ad
He maintained his independence when the other Yen. Hell. I. c. ) [Thyus. ]
Alpine tribes were subdued by Augustus, till at 2. King of Thrace from B. c. 382 to 358. (See
length the emperor purchased his submission, by Suid. s. v. , where his reign is said to have lasted
granting him the sovereignty over twelve of these twenty-four years. ). It is not, however, till to-
tribes, with the title of Praefectus. Cottius there wards the end of this period that we find anything
upon made roads over the Alps, and shewed his gra- recorded of him. In B. C. 364 he appears as an
titude to Augustus by erecting (B. C. 8) at Segusio, enemy of the Athenians, the main point of dispute
now Suza, a triumphal arch to his honour, which being the possession of the Thracian Chersonesus,
is extant at the present day, and bears an inscrip and it was at this time that he first availed himself
tion, in which the praefect is called M. Julius Cot of the aid of the adventurer Charidemus on his
tius, and the names of the people are enumerated, desertion from the Athenian service (see p. 684,
of which he was praefect. His authority was b. ). He also secured the valuable assistance of
transmitted to his son, who also bore the name of Iphicrates, to whom he gave one of his daughters
M. Julius Cottius, and upon whom the emperor in marriage, and who did not scruple to take part
Claudius conferred the title of king. But upon with his father-in-law against his country. (Dem.
the death of this prince, his kingdom was reduced c. Aristuer. pp. 663, 669, 672; Pseudo-Aristot.
by Nero into the form of a Roman province. Oecon. ii. 26 ; Nep. Iphicr. 3; Anaxandr. ap.
(Amm. Marc. xv. 10 ; Strab. iv. p. 204 ; Plin. Athen. iv. p. 131. ) In B. c. 362, Miltocythes, a
H. N. iii. 20. s. 24 ; Orelli, Inscr. No. 626 ; Dion. powerful chief, revolted from Cotys, and engaged
Cass. lx. 24 ; Suet. Ner. 18 ; Aur. Vict. Caes. 5, the Athenians on his side by promising to cede
Epit. 5 ; Eutrop. vii. 14. )
the Chersonesus to them; but Cotys sent them a
COʻTYLA, L. VARIUS, one of Antony's letter, outbidding his adversary in promises, and
most intimate friends and boon companions, al- the Athenians passed a decree in the king's favour.
though Cicero says that Antony had him whipped It has been thought that this was the same decree
on two occasions, during a banquet, by public which conferred on him the gift of citizenship.
slaves. He was probably aedile in B. c. 44, as he (See Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. p. 217; Ep. Phil
.
is called in the following year a man of aedilician / ud Ath. p. 101, where he is called " Sitalces. ")
## p. 870 (#890) ############################################
870
COTYS.
CRANAEA.
The effect of it certainly was so to discourage 4. A king of Thrace, took part against Caesar
Miltocythes that he abandoned the struggle, while with Pomper, and sent him a body of auxiliaries
Cotys, having gained his point, never dreamed of under his son Sadisles in B. C. 48. (Caes. Bell.
fulfilling his promises. (Dem. C. Aristocr. p. 655, Civ. iii. 4 ; Lucan. Phars. v. 51. )
c. Polycl. 1207. ) [AUTOCLES, No. 2. ] In the 5. Son of Rhoemetilces, king of Thrace. On
same year he vigorously opposed Ariobarzanes and the death of Rhocmetalces his dominions were
the other revolted satraps of the western provinces.
divided by Augustus between his brother Rhescu-
Here again he shewed his hostility to Athens, poris and his son Cotys. Rhescuporis desired to
which sided with the rebels, while another motive subject the whole kingdom to himself, but did not
with him for the course he took seems to have venture on palpable acts of aggression till the death
been, that the satraps protected the cities on the of Angustus. lle then openly waged war against
Hellespont, over which he desired to establish his his nephew, but both parties were commanded by
own authority. Having besieged Sestus, which Tiberius to desist from hostilies. Rhescuporis
belonged to Ariobarzanes, he was compelled, ap- then, feigning a wish for friendly negotiation, in-
parently by Timotheus, to raise the siege ; but the rited Corys to a conference, and, at the banquet
town soon after revolted from Athens and sub- which followed, he treacherously seized him, and,
mitted to Cotys, who, having in vain tried to per- baving thrown him into chains, wrote to Tiberius,
suade Iphicrates to aid him [IPHICRATES), again pretending that he had only acted in self-defence
bought the services of Charidemus, made him his and anticipated a plot on the part of Cotys. He
son-in-law, and prosecuted the war with his was, howerer, commanded to release him, and to
assistance. (Xen. Ages, ii. 20; Nep. Timoth. come to Rome to have the matter investigated,
l; Dem. de Rhod. Lib. p. 193, c. Aristocr. pp. wherenpon (A. D. 19) he murdered his prisoner,
663, 664, 672—674. ) [CHARIDEM US. ] This thinking, says Tacitus, that he might as well have
appears to have occurred in B. C. 359, and in the to answer for a crime completed as for one half
same year, and not long after Philip's accession, done. Tacitus spcaks of Cotys as a man of gentle
we find him supporting the claims of the pretender disposition and manners, and Ovid, in an epistle
Pausanias to the Macedonian throne ; but the addressed to him during his exile at Tomi, alludes
bribes of Philip induced him to abandon his cause. to his cultivated taste for literature, and claims his
(Diod. xvi. 2, 3. ) For his letter to Philip, perhaps favour and protection as a brother-poet. (Tac. Ann.
on this occasion, see Hegesand. ap. Athen. vi. p. i. 64–67, iii. 38 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 129; Ov. ex Pont.
248. In B. C. 358, he was assassinated by Py- . I. )
thon or Parrhon and Heracleides (two citizens of 6. A king of a portion of Thrace, and perhaps
Aenus, a Greek town in Thrace), whose father he one of the sons of No. 5. (See Tac. Ann. ii. 67. )
had in some way injured. The murderers were In A. D. 38, Caligula gave the whole of Thrace to
honoured by the Athenians with golden crowns Rhoemetalces, son of Rhescuporis, and put Cotys
and the franchise of the city. (Arist. Polit, v. 10, in possession of Armenia Minor. In A. D. 47,
ed. Bekk. ; Dem. C. Aristocr. pp. 659, 662, 674; when Claudius wished to place Mithridates on the
Plut. alv. Colot. 32; Diog. Laërt. iii. 46, ix. 65. ) | throne of Armenia, Cotys endeavoured to obtain it
Cotys, from the accounts we have of him, was for himself, and had succeeded in attaching some
much addicted to gross luxury, and especially to of the nobles to his cause, but was compelled by
drunkenness, the prevalent vice of bis nation. His the commands of the emperor to desist. (Dion
violence and cruelty were excessive, almost, in Cass. lix. 12; Tac. Ann. xi. 9. )
fact, akin to madness. He is said to have mur- 7. King of the Bosporus, which he received
dered his wife, of whom he was jealous, with cir- from the Romans on the expulsion of his brother
cumstances of the most shocking barbarity ; on one Mithridates. As only a few cohorts under Julius
occasion also he persuaded himself, or chose to Aquila had been left in the country to support
assert, that he was the bridegroom of the goddess the new king, who was himself young and inex-
Athena, and, having drunk deeply at what he perienced, Mithridates endeavoured to recover his
called the nuptial feast, he put to death two of his dominions by force of arms, A. D. 50; but he was
attendants successively, who had not presence of conquered and carried prisoner to Rome. (Tac.
mind or courtly tact sufficient to fall in with his Ann. xii. 15—21. )
mad humour. (Theopomp. ap. Athen. xii. pp. 531, The second of the coins figured on p. 777, a.
532 ; Suid. s. v. ; Plut. Reg. et Imp. Apophth. ) belongs to this Cotys, who is sometimes called
3. A king of the Odrysae in Thrace. He was Cotys I. , king of the Bosporus. The coin given
originally an ally of Rome, but was forced into an below belongs to Cotys II. , who reigned under
alliance against her with Perseus, to whom he Hadrian, and is mentioned by Arrian in his Peri-
gave hostages for his fidelity, and supplied a force plus. The obverse represents the head of Cotys,
of 2000 men. When Perseus was conquered by the reverse that of Hadrian. (Eckhel, ii. pp. 376,
Aemilius Paullus in B. C. 168, Bites, the son of 378. )
[E. E. ]
Cotys, was taken prisoner and carried to Rome,
and his father sent ambassadors to offer any sum
of money for his freedom, and to account for his
own conduct in having sided with Macedonia.
The Roman senate did not admit the excuse of
Cotys as a valid one, but they made a flourish of
generosity, and released the prince unransomed.
Cotys is honourably recorded as differing widely
from the generality of his countrymen in sobriety,
gentieness, and cultivation of mind. (Polyb. xxvii.
10, xxx. 12; Suid. s. 2. ; Liv. xli. 29, 51, 57, 59, CRANAEA (Kpavaia), a surname of Artemis,
67, xiii. 18, xlv. 42. )
derived from a temple on a hill near Elateia in
L
## p. 871 (#891) ############################################
CRASSINUS.
871
CRASSITIUS.
66
2
S
:
Phocis, in which the office of priest was always CRASSIPES, thick-footed," the name of a
held by youths below the age of puberty, and for patrician family of the Furia gens.
the space of five years by each youth. (Paus. X. 1. M. Furius Crassiles, was one of the three
34. & 4. )
(L. S. ] commissior. ers appointed in B. c. 194 to found a
CRANA'US (Kpavabs), an autochthon and king Latin colony among the Brutii, and he with his
of Attica, who reigned at the time of the flood of colleagues accordingly led, two years afterwards,
Deucalion. He was married to Pedias, by whom 3700 foot soldiers and 300 horsemen to Vibo,
he became the father of Cranac, Cranaechme, and which had been previously called Ilipponium.
Atthis, from the last of whom Attica was believed Crassipes was elected praetor, in s. c. 187, and
to have derived its name. He was deprived of his obtained the province of Gaul. Desiring to obtain
kingdom by Amphictyon, his son-in-law, and after a pretext for a war, he deprived the Cenomani of
his death he was buried in the demos of Lamprae, their arms, though they had been guilty of no of-
where his tomb was shewn as late as the time of fence; but when this people appealed to the senate
Pausanias. (Apollod. iii. 14. S 5, &c. ; Paus. i. 2. at Rome, Crassipes was commanded to restore
S 5, 31. S 2. )
(L. S. ] them their arms, and to depart from the province.
CRANE. (Cardea. ]
He obtained the praetorship a second time in B. C.
CRANTOR (Kpávtwp), of Soli in Cilicia, left 173, and received Sicily as his province. (Liv.
his native country, and repaired to Athens, in xxxiv. 53, xxxv. 40, xxxviii. 42, xxxix. 3, xli. 28.
order to study philosophy, where he became a s. 33, xlii. 1. )
pupil of Xenocrates and a friend of Polemo, and 2. Furius CRASSIPES, married Tullia, the
one of the most distinguished supporters of the daughter of M. Tullius Cicero, after the death of her
philosophy of the older Academy. As Xenocrates first husband, C. Piso Frugi. The marriage con-
died B. c. 315, Crantor must have come to Athens tract (sponsalia) was made on the 6th of April, B. C.
previous to that year, but we do not know the 56. She was, however, shortly afterwards divorced
date of his birth or his death.
