)
books, ascribed to St.
books, ascribed to St.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
with certainty, as Fabricius (Bibl.
Gr.
vol.
xiii.
ZENON of Citium). This must have involved a p. 454) enumerates six, while Kühn reduces them
considerable modification of the whole physical to three. (A. Cornelii Celsi Editio nova exoptatur.
theory of the Stoics. (Euseb. Praep. Evang. xv. Cont. ii. p. 5, &c. )
13, 18; Menag. ad Diog. Laërt. vii. 35. ) Fa- 1. One of the most eminent of the followers of
bricius and others improperly distinguish Zenon of Herophilus (Galen, De Differ. Puls. iv. 8, vol. viii.
Tarsus from Zedon the successor of Chrysippus. p. 736), whom Galen calls " no ordinary man
Zenon of Tarsus left but few writirgs. (Diog. (Conment. in Hippocr. “ Epid. III. ” ïi. 4, vol. xvii.
Laërt. I. c. )
pt. i. p. 600), and who is said by Diogenes Laër.
5. A native of Citium, respecting whom Suidas tius (vii. 1. $ 35) to have been better able to think
is in doubt whether he should be classed with the than to write. He lived probably at the end of
!
or 362 ; an
still extant
only of his
character.
3. A nat
work De 2
whose exa
have lived
Christ.
ZENON
(SOSIPATEI
2. The s
Aphrodisias
considerable
empire. H
time of T.
inscribed w
apparently
bearing the
the robe :
case.
The second
Bon, who is
;
Hermes 'I
in nineteen
country of o
but having t
in my artist
Here is
that Wincke
word 'A poot
of Aphrodisu
a remark pri
disias in Cari
## p. 1319 (#1335) ##########################################
x
1319
ZENON.
ZENON.
es. He is wid talism
Eerks : – Dei res
els Eorters e'
Desd etirar
(Haries, i Farsi
the Zenon spoken of an
Crianas (in Ders Prog
i ise une page to
note.
stinped bř Diogenes Les
itor of some epases, w
mons. Casalbon ci sa
Es with Zerson of Mind
- Erasebias (Prag Essay
VIII. od Gradom Sos
and others (Merah la.
hiloscpher, a native of Sim
ery of Cicero, who hears as
e was sometimes termed com
Cic. de Nat. Deri :
have been noted for the
abich he spoke of sube
nce, he called Sunate the
Vit. D. i. 34. ) He 53 2 1
2% (Dir. Laert 125. 23
cenes Laerties as a deases
peucus expounder of a res
apon him similar cober
. ornate disputatot, de la mesa
ed that happiness consisted a z
esent pleasures, accompacadhi
auion of enjoring eben einen
- greater part of ije (Te ".
the third and beginning of the second centuries young son Zeno, who died before me,' a tomb and
B. C. , as he was a contemporary of Apollonius Em- a pillar, I myself also with my own hands sculp-
piricus (APOLLONIUS, p. 245), with whom he tured likenesses, having wrought out by my art
carried on a controversy respecting the meaning of a famous work. ”+ This inscription seems to
certain marks (xapartîpes) that are found at the imply that the tomb was intended for the artist
end of some of the chapters of the third book of himself as well as for his son. The error of Winckel-
the Epidemics of Hippocrates. (Galen, ibid. ii. 5. mann, in making out of it a second Zenon of an
p. 618. ) He gave particular attention to materia unknown city, Staphis, is corrected in Meyer's
medica (Cels. De Medic. v. praef. p. 81. ), and is The Hermes, which was the chief part
perhaps the physician whose medical formulae are of this monument, was formerly preserved in the
quoted by Galen (De Antid. ii. 10, ll, vol. xiv. Villa Negroni, and passed into the possession of
pp. 163, 171), in which case he must have been Mr. Jenkins with the rest of that collection. We
a native of Laodiceia. He is mentioned in several | have failed to discover its subsequent history.
other
passages by Galen, and also by Erotianus The third extant work of Zenon is a female
(Gloss. Hippocr. pp. 86, 216, ed. Franz. . ) ; perhaps statue, clothed with a very thin stola, in marble,
also by Pliny (H. N. xxii. 44), Caelius Aurelianuis found at Syracuse, where it is still preserved
(De Morb. Chron. iv. 7. p. 530), Alexander Aphro- The base bears the inscription –
disiensis (De Febr. c. 2. p. 82, ed. Ideler), and
ΖΗΝΩΝ
Rufus Ephesius (De Appell. Part. Corp. IIum, i.
A ÞPOAEICI
36. p. 44. ), but this is uncertain. (See Littré's
ETC ENOIEI.
Oeuvres d'Hippocr. vol. i. p. 91, and Sprengel's
Gesch. der Arzneikunde, vol. i. ed. 1846. )
(Winckelmann, Gesch. d. Kunst, b. xi. c. 3. § 26,
2. A native of Cyprus in the fourth century after and Vorläufige Abhandlungen, $$ 194, 195, with
Christ, the tutor of Ionicus, Magnus, and Oribasius. Meyer's notes ; Visconti, Mus. Jenkins, cl. iv.
(Eunap. Vit. Philos. ) He taught and practised his No. 18, p. 36 ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn,
profession at Alexandria, whence he was expelled p. 429; Böckh, Corp. Inscr. vol. iii. Nos. 5374,
by the Bishop George of Cappadocia (GEORGIUS, 6151. )
p. 248), who persecuted both the heathen and the In the inscriptions relating to this artist and to
orthodox Christians with equal bitterness. He Aristeas and Papias (see ARISTEAS), we have
was however restored to his country and office by evidence of the existence of a school of distin-
command of the emperor Julian, probably A. D. 361 guished sculptors at Aphrodisias in the time
or 362 ; and a letter from the emperor to Zenon is of Trajan, the Antonines, and their successors;
still extant, in which he speaks very highly not to which also Zenas appears to have belonged.
only of his medical skill but also of his general (Zenas. ] The prevalence of all these names
character. (Jul. Epist. )
of persons at Aphrodisias is attested by other ex-
3. A native of Athens, mentioned in the spurious tant inscriptions. (See Böckh, Corp. Inscr. ,
work De Medicinis Expertis, ascribed to Galen ; | pt. xiii. sect. iv. vol. ii. Nos. 2768, 2775, 2781,
whose exact date is unknown, but who may 2787. )
[P. S. ]
have lived in the fourth or fifth century after ZENON or ZENO, ecclesiastical. In the year
Christ.
(W. A. G. ) 1508 a volume was published (Venet. ap. Bened.
ZENON (Zhvwv), artists. 1. Of Soli, statuary. Fontana) containing 105 sermons, divided into three
[SOSIPATER.
)
books, ascribed to St. Zeno, bishop of Verona, from
2. The son of Attis, or Attines, was a native of a MS. discovered during the fifteenth century by
Aphrodisias in Caria, and a sculptor evidently of Guarini, in the episcopal library of that city. It was
considerable eminence in the period of the Roman soon remarked that the Roman Martyrologies placed
empire. He is thought to have lived about the St. Zeno in the reign of Gallienus, while these dis-
time of Trajan. Three works are still extant courses evidently belonged to a later epoch, and
inscribed with his name. One is a sitting statue, several pieces were detected in the series which
apparently of a senator, in the Villa Ludovisi, were known to be the work of other hands. Hence
bearing the following inscription on the margin of Sixtus Senensis (Biblioth. Sanct. iv. ) contended
the robe : -
that the whole collection was to be regarded as a
ΖΗΝΩΝ
medley compiled from the writings of many differ-
ent divines, and altogether excluded the name of
ATTIN
ΑΦΡΟΔΙ
Zeno from the catalogue of ecclesiastical authors.
ΣΙΕΥΣ
This hypothesis, although frequently controverted,
ENOIEI,
was never confuted until the brothers Ballerini,
presbyters of the Church in Verona, undertook to
The second is a monument to the memory of his vindicate the memory of an ancient bishop of their
son, who is represented in the form of a half-clad diocese, and after a laborious investigation of ori-
Hermes. The work bears a metrical inscription, ginal documents and a careful separation of all
in nineteen lines, to the following effect :-“The spurious and foreign matter proved incontestably
country of me, Zeno, is the blessed Aphrodisias * ; | that 93 Sermones, of considerable length, the
but having travelled through many cities, confident rest comparatively brief, on various subjects of
in my artistic powers, and having made for my faith, morals, and discipline, were the productions
of Zeno, who was ordained bishop of Verona, not
* Here is a decisive proof, in addition to others, under Gallienus as had been supposed, but a cen-
that Winckelmann was wrong in interpreting the
word 'Appoololeús in this and other inscriptions as + We cannot answer for the perfect accurary
of Aphrodisium in Cyprus. We shall have to add of this translation. The original is so constructed
a remark presently on the inscriptions of Aphro that it is difficult to see the exact relation between
disias in Caria.
the verbs, the participles, and the accusatives.
“4P 4
pie a separate treatise is acis
Proces ad I. Exc. ii)
Laërtius (vi 16) speaks of lex
Whom be means by shut sus
. Some identify bim web
But it seems ditācai te autente
e vue giren to him, if tea
ator, a native of Laodicea He
beretits upon his native tour. Le
roused the Laodiceans to rest List
en tbe latter, with Proras, con
Asia Minor. (Strab. vi. 252 2
2
cisterczy
(CP.
.
ative of Alerandria, of Jersi
Poned by Suidas. He read
with the Jews. He is describes
an in point of character, ber as readi-
Tfal of what he attempted to learn
ted a perpetual an riety to make used
d with that of which he was in
patire of Perpus, &
who, like the preceding, *3
mer. (Suid. sc. )
ON (Zovar), the name of several process
7 is perhaps hardly possible to 375
ertainty, as Fabricias (:3), G. a) e
enumerates súr, while Kuhn ndes
(4. Cornelu Cesi Edina se
ii p. 5. &c. )
One of the most eminent of ele folosing
pái'us (Galen, De Difer. Pake it
, & mali
6h whom Galen calls * 10 ONIST SH
ment. in Hippocr. “Epid
. III. “ to na sus
P. 600), and who is said br Dinganet
(vii. 1. $ 35) to have been better abe
to write. He lived prolatis as the contesto
## p. 1320 (#1336) ##########################################
1320
ZENON.
ZENON.
Thrace upon 1
Constantinop!
and pillaged
to bis aid Th
proceeded as
of the empel
the troops a1
the son of T
son of Tria:
the whole fc
him, haste
Trianes, w
most humil
In the
perous rer
Marcian, d
and the
West [M
married L
leo, and
lle raised
itself, va:
the forces
In the c
meang ti
obäiged 1
out, ord
tury later, about A. D. 363, the year in which / upon Zeno ; and now that be bad the real power,
Julian perished. They likewise inferred from in- he soon acquired the title as well. Assisted by
ternal evidence, that he was of African extraction, the dowager empress Verina, he was declared em-
and died in A. D. 380 or 381. It is unnecessary peror with the approbation of the senate ; and his
to enumerate the various editions which appeared own son put the crown upon his head. His son,
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, since however, had still the precedence, and in the laws
they are either mere copies of the original impres promulgated in this year in the names of the two
sion of 1508, or inferior to it from being deformed Augusti, the name of Leo always precedes that of
by arbitrary changes and interpolations. The only Zeno. By the death of Leo, which occurred to
lext which can be used with advantage is that of wards the end of the year (474), Zeno became
the Ballerini (fol. Veron. 1739), which is accom. sole emperor. Some writers accuse him of having
panied by copious notes and dissertations, and has made away with his son to secure the undivided
been adopted by Galland in his Bibliotheca Pa- sovereignty for himself; and they even allege that
trum, vol. v. (fol. Venet. 1769), p. 109. There is Ariadne was privy to the crime : but as the Greek
an Italian translation of St. Zeno by the Marquis bistorians, who never miss an opportunity of black-
Giovanni Jacopo Dionisi, canon of Verona (fol. ening the character of Zeno, do not say a word
Veron. 1784). (Galland, Proleg. to vol. v. c. xii. ; respecting the murder of his son, we nay safely
Schoenemann, Bibliotheca Patrum Latinor, vol. i. reject the tale as a calumny.
§ 12. )
(W. R. ) The reign of Zeno was marked by great dis-
ZENON or ZENO (Zhvwv), emperor of the East, asters, by intestine commotions, and foreign wars.
A. D. 474–491, was descended from a noble Isaurian He is represented by the Greek historians as a
family.
His name
was originally Trascalisseus, voluptuary, a miser, and a tyrant. His con-
which he exchanged for that of Zeno when he temptible character and his oppressive government
married Ariadne, the daughter the emperor occasioned frequent revolts among his subjects.
Leo I. in 468. He probably assumed this name The barbarians ravaged the fairest provinces of his
because another Isaurian of the name of Zeno bad empire ; and the Goths, after encamping under the
obtained distinction under Theodosius II. , and very walls of Constantinople, founded a new king-
been elevated to the consulship in 448. Of the dom in Italy under the sway of Theodoric the
early life of Zeno we have no particulars ; but we Great. Zeno had not been many months upon the
are told that Leo gave him his daughter in mar- throne before he was driven out of Constantinople
riage in order to secure the support of the Isau- by a formidable rebellion excited by Verina and
rians against his ambitious minister Aspar, from her brother Basiliscus, A. D. 475. Zeno took re-
which we may conclude that Zeno had great in- fuge in Isauria along with his wife Ariadne, and
fluence among his countrymen. On his marriage Basiliscus was proclaimed emperor. Basiliscus sent
with Ariadne, he was raised by the emperor to the Illus and his brother Trocundus, who were also
rank of patrician, was appointed commander of the Isaurians, with a powerful army against the fugi-
imperial guards and of the armies in the East, and tire emperor, whom they defeated in July, A. D.
was elevated to the consulship along with Mar-476. But Basiliscus was still more unpopular at
cianus in 469. The elevation of Zeno brought Constantinople than Zeno. His adherents were
great trouble upon the church in consequence of discontented and divided ; and Zeno accordingly
his patronage of Peter, surnamed the Fuller, who found no difficulty in persuading Illus to desert his
had been expelled from the monastery of the Acoe- new master, and espouse his cause. Zeno and Illus
metae both for immorality and heresy. Through now marched upon Constantinople, and they appear
the influence of Zeno Peter obtained possession of to have received support from Theodoric, who had
the patriarchate of Antioch in this year, but the succeeded his father Theodemir as king of the Os.
means by which he gained his object, and his sub- trogoths. Near Nicaea they were met by the troops
sequent deposition by Leo are related elsewhere of Basiliscus under the command of his nephew
[Petrus). Though Zeno was thus the means of Harmatius or Harmatus, but the latter was also
giving some trouble to the emiperor, he nevertheless gained over, and Zeno entered Constantinople
was regarded by Leo as the main stay of his without opposition in the month of July, A. D. 477,
throne, and accordingly excited the jealousy of twenty months after his expulsion. Basiliscus was
Aspar. While engaged in a campaign against the deposed and sent to Phrygia, where he perished in
barbarians, who were ravaging Thrace, he narrowly the winter of the same year (BASILISCUS). The
escaped being assassinated by the friends of Aspar. treachery of Harmatius had been purchased by
On his return to court he persuaded Leo to get rid great promises, which Zeno was now obliged to
of his dangerous minister, and by bis advice and fulfill. He was made commander-in-chief of the
contrivance Aspar was murdered in 471. Leo had army, and his son was raised to the rank of Caesar;
no male children, and he wished to appoint his but these high dignities only caused his ruin. Illus,
son-in-law his successor ; but as soon as the em- who was jealous of any rival in power, easily per-
peror's intentions became known, there were great suaded the weak and timid emperor that Har.
tumults at Constantinople, for the Greeks could matius was aiming at the sovereignty, and accord-
not bear the idea of submitting to an Isaurian, ingly before the end of the year Harmatius was
and they hated Zeno personally both for the murdered, and his son, the Caesar, was made
ugliness of his person and of his mind (Zonar. reader in the church of Blachernae, in the neigh-
xiv. 2). Leo accordingly gave up his intention, bourhood of Constantinople.
and appointed as his successor his grandson Leo, Zeno now devolved the cares of government
the son of Zeno and Ariadne. This was in the upon Illus, while he gave himself up to the enjoy-
year 473, and on the 3d of February in the fol- ment of his pleasures. In A. D. 478 Illus was
lowing year (474) the emperor died, and was sole consul. In this year Theodoric, son of Triarius,
bllcceeded by his grandson. As the young em- a Gothic chief, who had been one of the supporters
peror was only a child, the government devolved | of the emperor Basiliscus, and who had retired into
Dished 1
as The
revoli,
pretext
in reali
eity wil
by larg
had be
Theod
eperc
from
ducted
somea
In
doric,
Const
army
was a
ridin
delis
chas
confe
nou
Fear
sign
bi
one
wa
Zer
to
Ar
at
bo
T
U
t
## p. 1321 (#1337) ##########################################
ZENON.
1821
ZETES.
be bad be rarte,
es vel Asszony
ba be was declared as
of the serate ; and
oa la bead. Han
Cence, and I the ans
the sanes of the 1970
2 rays precedes saat
Leo, which suns
Bar (474), Lese because
en accuse sind bara
i to srcure the pedia
ad ise eres direct
crime: ber as bei
* 2 opportulusT o back
Zena do Det sma van
of his sors, we sarac
sar.
was marked by ges: Es
roticos, and foren ra
the Greek busterias us
and a tan: Es
d his epressive pareres
teralis among his senten
the farest prices is
. . . after encarpix sider *
antinople, founded a set up
the sway of Theocas de
of been mary Doces apt**
is doiven out of Coastassa
begon ected by Pas
KIS, A. D. 475. Zena te
92 with his wife Aradze, and
12 ned emperor. Bacision test
Aber Trocurdus, rbo ve: 2x
powerful army 220t the info
or they defeated in IT, 14
scus was stiBare UKS***
Lan Zeno. His acbezati vet
d divided ; and Zeno aux!
ir in persuading lies to descer a
i espouse bis cause. Zeze ud ijs
pon Constartmope, aed there are
pd support from Tbeodata ze
father Tbeodezir as king of the
u Nicaea they ver set by the
under the command of bis Deportes
c Harmatus, but the latter ras
. and Zeno entered Coesanan
sition in the month of Jat, 1. Bt;
ths after his expulsion. Bas. 3 **
Thrace upon the fall of the latter, appeared before died in the month of April A. D. 491, after a reign
Constantinople at the head of a formidable army, of seventeen years. He left no children, and was
and pillaged the surrounding country. Zeno called succeeded by Anastasius, an officer of the imperial
to his aid Theodoric, the son of Theodemir, who life-guard of the Silentiarii
, who married Ariadne,
proceeded against his namesake ; but the treachery the widow of Zeno. (ANASTASIU8. ]
of the emperor, who neglected to supply him with In A. D. 482, Zeno published the famous Heno-
the troops and provisions he had promised him, led ticon (évOTIKÓv), which was signed by all the
the son of Theodemir to conclude a peace with the bishops of the East under his reign, and that of
son of Triarius. Zeno, who now feared to have Anastasius. It is preserved by Evagrius (iii. 13).
the whole force of the Gothic nation turned against The various modern writers who comment upon
him, hastened to make peace with the son of it are given by Fabricius (Bill. Graec. vol. xi.
Triarius, which he was only able to obtain by the p. 723 ; comp. Gibbon, Decline and Fall, c. xlvii. ).
most humiliating concessions.
(Tillemont, Blistoire des Empereurs, vol. vi. , and
In the following year, 479, a new and dan. Clinton, Fasti Romani, in which works all the
gerous revolt broke out. At the head of it was authorities are collected. )
Marcian, the grandson of the emperor of that name, ZENO'NIA, the wife of the emperor Basiliscus.
and the son of Anthemius, the emperor of the (Basiliscus. )
West (MARCIANUS; ANTHENIUS). Marcian had ZENOʻPHANES (Znvopárns), a Greek writer
married Leontia, the daughter of the late emperor mentioned twice by Athenaeus (x. p. 424, C. , xiii.
Leo, and the sister of Ariadne, the wife of Zeno. p. 576, d), from whom it appears that he wrote a
Ile raised the standard of revolt in Constantinople work on relationship (td ouggevikov). Modern
itself, was joined by a powerful party, and defeated critics propose to change the name into Xenophanes,
the forces of Zeno, whom he besieged in his palace. but unnecessarily. Zenophanes is also found as
In the course of the night, however, Illus found a proper name in Strabo (xiv. p. 672) and in
means to corrupt his troops, and Marcian was inscriptions.
obliged to take refuge in a church. He was dragged ZENOʻTHEMIS (Znbeuis), wrote a poem en-
out, ordained forth with as a presbyter, and ba- titled lepialovs, in which he related various
nished to a monastery in Cappadocia. As soon strange and wonderful stories (Tzetz. Chil. vii. 144;
as Theodoric, the son of Triarius, heard of this Aelian, Hist. Anim. xvii. 30; Schol.
ZENON of Citium). This must have involved a p. 454) enumerates six, while Kühn reduces them
considerable modification of the whole physical to three. (A. Cornelii Celsi Editio nova exoptatur.
theory of the Stoics. (Euseb. Praep. Evang. xv. Cont. ii. p. 5, &c. )
13, 18; Menag. ad Diog. Laërt. vii. 35. ) Fa- 1. One of the most eminent of the followers of
bricius and others improperly distinguish Zenon of Herophilus (Galen, De Differ. Puls. iv. 8, vol. viii.
Tarsus from Zedon the successor of Chrysippus. p. 736), whom Galen calls " no ordinary man
Zenon of Tarsus left but few writirgs. (Diog. (Conment. in Hippocr. “ Epid. III. ” ïi. 4, vol. xvii.
Laërt. I. c. )
pt. i. p. 600), and who is said by Diogenes Laër.
5. A native of Citium, respecting whom Suidas tius (vii. 1. $ 35) to have been better able to think
is in doubt whether he should be classed with the than to write. He lived probably at the end of
!
or 362 ; an
still extant
only of his
character.
3. A nat
work De 2
whose exa
have lived
Christ.
ZENON
(SOSIPATEI
2. The s
Aphrodisias
considerable
empire. H
time of T.
inscribed w
apparently
bearing the
the robe :
case.
The second
Bon, who is
;
Hermes 'I
in nineteen
country of o
but having t
in my artist
Here is
that Wincke
word 'A poot
of Aphrodisu
a remark pri
disias in Cari
## p. 1319 (#1335) ##########################################
x
1319
ZENON.
ZENON.
es. He is wid talism
Eerks : – Dei res
els Eorters e'
Desd etirar
(Haries, i Farsi
the Zenon spoken of an
Crianas (in Ders Prog
i ise une page to
note.
stinped bř Diogenes Les
itor of some epases, w
mons. Casalbon ci sa
Es with Zerson of Mind
- Erasebias (Prag Essay
VIII. od Gradom Sos
and others (Merah la.
hiloscpher, a native of Sim
ery of Cicero, who hears as
e was sometimes termed com
Cic. de Nat. Deri :
have been noted for the
abich he spoke of sube
nce, he called Sunate the
Vit. D. i. 34. ) He 53 2 1
2% (Dir. Laert 125. 23
cenes Laerties as a deases
peucus expounder of a res
apon him similar cober
. ornate disputatot, de la mesa
ed that happiness consisted a z
esent pleasures, accompacadhi
auion of enjoring eben einen
- greater part of ije (Te ".
the third and beginning of the second centuries young son Zeno, who died before me,' a tomb and
B. C. , as he was a contemporary of Apollonius Em- a pillar, I myself also with my own hands sculp-
piricus (APOLLONIUS, p. 245), with whom he tured likenesses, having wrought out by my art
carried on a controversy respecting the meaning of a famous work. ”+ This inscription seems to
certain marks (xapartîpes) that are found at the imply that the tomb was intended for the artist
end of some of the chapters of the third book of himself as well as for his son. The error of Winckel-
the Epidemics of Hippocrates. (Galen, ibid. ii. 5. mann, in making out of it a second Zenon of an
p. 618. ) He gave particular attention to materia unknown city, Staphis, is corrected in Meyer's
medica (Cels. De Medic. v. praef. p. 81. ), and is The Hermes, which was the chief part
perhaps the physician whose medical formulae are of this monument, was formerly preserved in the
quoted by Galen (De Antid. ii. 10, ll, vol. xiv. Villa Negroni, and passed into the possession of
pp. 163, 171), in which case he must have been Mr. Jenkins with the rest of that collection. We
a native of Laodiceia. He is mentioned in several | have failed to discover its subsequent history.
other
passages by Galen, and also by Erotianus The third extant work of Zenon is a female
(Gloss. Hippocr. pp. 86, 216, ed. Franz. . ) ; perhaps statue, clothed with a very thin stola, in marble,
also by Pliny (H. N. xxii. 44), Caelius Aurelianuis found at Syracuse, where it is still preserved
(De Morb. Chron. iv. 7. p. 530), Alexander Aphro- The base bears the inscription –
disiensis (De Febr. c. 2. p. 82, ed. Ideler), and
ΖΗΝΩΝ
Rufus Ephesius (De Appell. Part. Corp. IIum, i.
A ÞPOAEICI
36. p. 44. ), but this is uncertain. (See Littré's
ETC ENOIEI.
Oeuvres d'Hippocr. vol. i. p. 91, and Sprengel's
Gesch. der Arzneikunde, vol. i. ed. 1846. )
(Winckelmann, Gesch. d. Kunst, b. xi. c. 3. § 26,
2. A native of Cyprus in the fourth century after and Vorläufige Abhandlungen, $$ 194, 195, with
Christ, the tutor of Ionicus, Magnus, and Oribasius. Meyer's notes ; Visconti, Mus. Jenkins, cl. iv.
(Eunap. Vit. Philos. ) He taught and practised his No. 18, p. 36 ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn,
profession at Alexandria, whence he was expelled p. 429; Böckh, Corp. Inscr. vol. iii. Nos. 5374,
by the Bishop George of Cappadocia (GEORGIUS, 6151. )
p. 248), who persecuted both the heathen and the In the inscriptions relating to this artist and to
orthodox Christians with equal bitterness. He Aristeas and Papias (see ARISTEAS), we have
was however restored to his country and office by evidence of the existence of a school of distin-
command of the emperor Julian, probably A. D. 361 guished sculptors at Aphrodisias in the time
or 362 ; and a letter from the emperor to Zenon is of Trajan, the Antonines, and their successors;
still extant, in which he speaks very highly not to which also Zenas appears to have belonged.
only of his medical skill but also of his general (Zenas. ] The prevalence of all these names
character. (Jul. Epist. )
of persons at Aphrodisias is attested by other ex-
3. A native of Athens, mentioned in the spurious tant inscriptions. (See Böckh, Corp. Inscr. ,
work De Medicinis Expertis, ascribed to Galen ; | pt. xiii. sect. iv. vol. ii. Nos. 2768, 2775, 2781,
whose exact date is unknown, but who may 2787. )
[P. S. ]
have lived in the fourth or fifth century after ZENON or ZENO, ecclesiastical. In the year
Christ.
(W. A. G. ) 1508 a volume was published (Venet. ap. Bened.
ZENON (Zhvwv), artists. 1. Of Soli, statuary. Fontana) containing 105 sermons, divided into three
[SOSIPATER.
)
books, ascribed to St. Zeno, bishop of Verona, from
2. The son of Attis, or Attines, was a native of a MS. discovered during the fifteenth century by
Aphrodisias in Caria, and a sculptor evidently of Guarini, in the episcopal library of that city. It was
considerable eminence in the period of the Roman soon remarked that the Roman Martyrologies placed
empire. He is thought to have lived about the St. Zeno in the reign of Gallienus, while these dis-
time of Trajan. Three works are still extant courses evidently belonged to a later epoch, and
inscribed with his name. One is a sitting statue, several pieces were detected in the series which
apparently of a senator, in the Villa Ludovisi, were known to be the work of other hands. Hence
bearing the following inscription on the margin of Sixtus Senensis (Biblioth. Sanct. iv. ) contended
the robe : -
that the whole collection was to be regarded as a
ΖΗΝΩΝ
medley compiled from the writings of many differ-
ent divines, and altogether excluded the name of
ATTIN
ΑΦΡΟΔΙ
Zeno from the catalogue of ecclesiastical authors.
ΣΙΕΥΣ
This hypothesis, although frequently controverted,
ENOIEI,
was never confuted until the brothers Ballerini,
presbyters of the Church in Verona, undertook to
The second is a monument to the memory of his vindicate the memory of an ancient bishop of their
son, who is represented in the form of a half-clad diocese, and after a laborious investigation of ori-
Hermes. The work bears a metrical inscription, ginal documents and a careful separation of all
in nineteen lines, to the following effect :-“The spurious and foreign matter proved incontestably
country of me, Zeno, is the blessed Aphrodisias * ; | that 93 Sermones, of considerable length, the
but having travelled through many cities, confident rest comparatively brief, on various subjects of
in my artistic powers, and having made for my faith, morals, and discipline, were the productions
of Zeno, who was ordained bishop of Verona, not
* Here is a decisive proof, in addition to others, under Gallienus as had been supposed, but a cen-
that Winckelmann was wrong in interpreting the
word 'Appoololeús in this and other inscriptions as + We cannot answer for the perfect accurary
of Aphrodisium in Cyprus. We shall have to add of this translation. The original is so constructed
a remark presently on the inscriptions of Aphro that it is difficult to see the exact relation between
disias in Caria.
the verbs, the participles, and the accusatives.
“4P 4
pie a separate treatise is acis
Proces ad I. Exc. ii)
Laërtius (vi 16) speaks of lex
Whom be means by shut sus
. Some identify bim web
But it seems ditācai te autente
e vue giren to him, if tea
ator, a native of Laodicea He
beretits upon his native tour. Le
roused the Laodiceans to rest List
en tbe latter, with Proras, con
Asia Minor. (Strab. vi. 252 2
2
cisterczy
(CP.
.
ative of Alerandria, of Jersi
Poned by Suidas. He read
with the Jews. He is describes
an in point of character, ber as readi-
Tfal of what he attempted to learn
ted a perpetual an riety to make used
d with that of which he was in
patire of Perpus, &
who, like the preceding, *3
mer. (Suid. sc. )
ON (Zovar), the name of several process
7 is perhaps hardly possible to 375
ertainty, as Fabricias (:3), G. a) e
enumerates súr, while Kuhn ndes
(4. Cornelu Cesi Edina se
ii p. 5. &c. )
One of the most eminent of ele folosing
pái'us (Galen, De Difer. Pake it
, & mali
6h whom Galen calls * 10 ONIST SH
ment. in Hippocr. “Epid
. III. “ to na sus
P. 600), and who is said br Dinganet
(vii. 1. $ 35) to have been better abe
to write. He lived prolatis as the contesto
## p. 1320 (#1336) ##########################################
1320
ZENON.
ZENON.
Thrace upon 1
Constantinop!
and pillaged
to bis aid Th
proceeded as
of the empel
the troops a1
the son of T
son of Tria:
the whole fc
him, haste
Trianes, w
most humil
In the
perous rer
Marcian, d
and the
West [M
married L
leo, and
lle raised
itself, va:
the forces
In the c
meang ti
obäiged 1
out, ord
tury later, about A. D. 363, the year in which / upon Zeno ; and now that be bad the real power,
Julian perished. They likewise inferred from in- he soon acquired the title as well. Assisted by
ternal evidence, that he was of African extraction, the dowager empress Verina, he was declared em-
and died in A. D. 380 or 381. It is unnecessary peror with the approbation of the senate ; and his
to enumerate the various editions which appeared own son put the crown upon his head. His son,
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, since however, had still the precedence, and in the laws
they are either mere copies of the original impres promulgated in this year in the names of the two
sion of 1508, or inferior to it from being deformed Augusti, the name of Leo always precedes that of
by arbitrary changes and interpolations. The only Zeno. By the death of Leo, which occurred to
lext which can be used with advantage is that of wards the end of the year (474), Zeno became
the Ballerini (fol. Veron. 1739), which is accom. sole emperor. Some writers accuse him of having
panied by copious notes and dissertations, and has made away with his son to secure the undivided
been adopted by Galland in his Bibliotheca Pa- sovereignty for himself; and they even allege that
trum, vol. v. (fol. Venet. 1769), p. 109. There is Ariadne was privy to the crime : but as the Greek
an Italian translation of St. Zeno by the Marquis bistorians, who never miss an opportunity of black-
Giovanni Jacopo Dionisi, canon of Verona (fol. ening the character of Zeno, do not say a word
Veron. 1784). (Galland, Proleg. to vol. v. c. xii. ; respecting the murder of his son, we nay safely
Schoenemann, Bibliotheca Patrum Latinor, vol. i. reject the tale as a calumny.
§ 12. )
(W. R. ) The reign of Zeno was marked by great dis-
ZENON or ZENO (Zhvwv), emperor of the East, asters, by intestine commotions, and foreign wars.
A. D. 474–491, was descended from a noble Isaurian He is represented by the Greek historians as a
family.
His name
was originally Trascalisseus, voluptuary, a miser, and a tyrant. His con-
which he exchanged for that of Zeno when he temptible character and his oppressive government
married Ariadne, the daughter the emperor occasioned frequent revolts among his subjects.
Leo I. in 468. He probably assumed this name The barbarians ravaged the fairest provinces of his
because another Isaurian of the name of Zeno bad empire ; and the Goths, after encamping under the
obtained distinction under Theodosius II. , and very walls of Constantinople, founded a new king-
been elevated to the consulship in 448. Of the dom in Italy under the sway of Theodoric the
early life of Zeno we have no particulars ; but we Great. Zeno had not been many months upon the
are told that Leo gave him his daughter in mar- throne before he was driven out of Constantinople
riage in order to secure the support of the Isau- by a formidable rebellion excited by Verina and
rians against his ambitious minister Aspar, from her brother Basiliscus, A. D. 475. Zeno took re-
which we may conclude that Zeno had great in- fuge in Isauria along with his wife Ariadne, and
fluence among his countrymen. On his marriage Basiliscus was proclaimed emperor. Basiliscus sent
with Ariadne, he was raised by the emperor to the Illus and his brother Trocundus, who were also
rank of patrician, was appointed commander of the Isaurians, with a powerful army against the fugi-
imperial guards and of the armies in the East, and tire emperor, whom they defeated in July, A. D.
was elevated to the consulship along with Mar-476. But Basiliscus was still more unpopular at
cianus in 469. The elevation of Zeno brought Constantinople than Zeno. His adherents were
great trouble upon the church in consequence of discontented and divided ; and Zeno accordingly
his patronage of Peter, surnamed the Fuller, who found no difficulty in persuading Illus to desert his
had been expelled from the monastery of the Acoe- new master, and espouse his cause. Zeno and Illus
metae both for immorality and heresy. Through now marched upon Constantinople, and they appear
the influence of Zeno Peter obtained possession of to have received support from Theodoric, who had
the patriarchate of Antioch in this year, but the succeeded his father Theodemir as king of the Os.
means by which he gained his object, and his sub- trogoths. Near Nicaea they were met by the troops
sequent deposition by Leo are related elsewhere of Basiliscus under the command of his nephew
[Petrus). Though Zeno was thus the means of Harmatius or Harmatus, but the latter was also
giving some trouble to the emiperor, he nevertheless gained over, and Zeno entered Constantinople
was regarded by Leo as the main stay of his without opposition in the month of July, A. D. 477,
throne, and accordingly excited the jealousy of twenty months after his expulsion. Basiliscus was
Aspar. While engaged in a campaign against the deposed and sent to Phrygia, where he perished in
barbarians, who were ravaging Thrace, he narrowly the winter of the same year (BASILISCUS). The
escaped being assassinated by the friends of Aspar. treachery of Harmatius had been purchased by
On his return to court he persuaded Leo to get rid great promises, which Zeno was now obliged to
of his dangerous minister, and by bis advice and fulfill. He was made commander-in-chief of the
contrivance Aspar was murdered in 471. Leo had army, and his son was raised to the rank of Caesar;
no male children, and he wished to appoint his but these high dignities only caused his ruin. Illus,
son-in-law his successor ; but as soon as the em- who was jealous of any rival in power, easily per-
peror's intentions became known, there were great suaded the weak and timid emperor that Har.
tumults at Constantinople, for the Greeks could matius was aiming at the sovereignty, and accord-
not bear the idea of submitting to an Isaurian, ingly before the end of the year Harmatius was
and they hated Zeno personally both for the murdered, and his son, the Caesar, was made
ugliness of his person and of his mind (Zonar. reader in the church of Blachernae, in the neigh-
xiv. 2). Leo accordingly gave up his intention, bourhood of Constantinople.
and appointed as his successor his grandson Leo, Zeno now devolved the cares of government
the son of Zeno and Ariadne. This was in the upon Illus, while he gave himself up to the enjoy-
year 473, and on the 3d of February in the fol- ment of his pleasures. In A. D. 478 Illus was
lowing year (474) the emperor died, and was sole consul. In this year Theodoric, son of Triarius,
bllcceeded by his grandson. As the young em- a Gothic chief, who had been one of the supporters
peror was only a child, the government devolved | of the emperor Basiliscus, and who had retired into
Dished 1
as The
revoli,
pretext
in reali
eity wil
by larg
had be
Theod
eperc
from
ducted
somea
In
doric,
Const
army
was a
ridin
delis
chas
confe
nou
Fear
sign
bi
one
wa
Zer
to
Ar
at
bo
T
U
t
## p. 1321 (#1337) ##########################################
ZENON.
1821
ZETES.
be bad be rarte,
es vel Asszony
ba be was declared as
of the serate ; and
oa la bead. Han
Cence, and I the ans
the sanes of the 1970
2 rays precedes saat
Leo, which suns
Bar (474), Lese because
en accuse sind bara
i to srcure the pedia
ad ise eres direct
crime: ber as bei
* 2 opportulusT o back
Zena do Det sma van
of his sors, we sarac
sar.
was marked by ges: Es
roticos, and foren ra
the Greek busterias us
and a tan: Es
d his epressive pareres
teralis among his senten
the farest prices is
. . . after encarpix sider *
antinople, founded a set up
the sway of Theocas de
of been mary Doces apt**
is doiven out of Coastassa
begon ected by Pas
KIS, A. D. 475. Zena te
92 with his wife Aradze, and
12 ned emperor. Bacision test
Aber Trocurdus, rbo ve: 2x
powerful army 220t the info
or they defeated in IT, 14
scus was stiBare UKS***
Lan Zeno. His acbezati vet
d divided ; and Zeno aux!
ir in persuading lies to descer a
i espouse bis cause. Zeze ud ijs
pon Constartmope, aed there are
pd support from Tbeodata ze
father Tbeodezir as king of the
u Nicaea they ver set by the
under the command of bis Deportes
c Harmatus, but the latter ras
. and Zeno entered Coesanan
sition in the month of Jat, 1. Bt;
ths after his expulsion. Bas. 3 **
Thrace upon the fall of the latter, appeared before died in the month of April A. D. 491, after a reign
Constantinople at the head of a formidable army, of seventeen years. He left no children, and was
and pillaged the surrounding country. Zeno called succeeded by Anastasius, an officer of the imperial
to his aid Theodoric, the son of Theodemir, who life-guard of the Silentiarii
, who married Ariadne,
proceeded against his namesake ; but the treachery the widow of Zeno. (ANASTASIU8. ]
of the emperor, who neglected to supply him with In A. D. 482, Zeno published the famous Heno-
the troops and provisions he had promised him, led ticon (évOTIKÓv), which was signed by all the
the son of Theodemir to conclude a peace with the bishops of the East under his reign, and that of
son of Triarius. Zeno, who now feared to have Anastasius. It is preserved by Evagrius (iii. 13).
the whole force of the Gothic nation turned against The various modern writers who comment upon
him, hastened to make peace with the son of it are given by Fabricius (Bill. Graec. vol. xi.
Triarius, which he was only able to obtain by the p. 723 ; comp. Gibbon, Decline and Fall, c. xlvii. ).
most humiliating concessions.
(Tillemont, Blistoire des Empereurs, vol. vi. , and
In the following year, 479, a new and dan. Clinton, Fasti Romani, in which works all the
gerous revolt broke out. At the head of it was authorities are collected. )
Marcian, the grandson of the emperor of that name, ZENO'NIA, the wife of the emperor Basiliscus.
and the son of Anthemius, the emperor of the (Basiliscus. )
West (MARCIANUS; ANTHENIUS). Marcian had ZENOʻPHANES (Znvopárns), a Greek writer
married Leontia, the daughter of the late emperor mentioned twice by Athenaeus (x. p. 424, C. , xiii.
Leo, and the sister of Ariadne, the wife of Zeno. p. 576, d), from whom it appears that he wrote a
Ile raised the standard of revolt in Constantinople work on relationship (td ouggevikov). Modern
itself, was joined by a powerful party, and defeated critics propose to change the name into Xenophanes,
the forces of Zeno, whom he besieged in his palace. but unnecessarily. Zenophanes is also found as
In the course of the night, however, Illus found a proper name in Strabo (xiv. p. 672) and in
means to corrupt his troops, and Marcian was inscriptions.
obliged to take refuge in a church. He was dragged ZENOʻTHEMIS (Znbeuis), wrote a poem en-
out, ordained forth with as a presbyter, and ba- titled lepialovs, in which he related various
nished to a monastery in Cappadocia. As soon strange and wonderful stories (Tzetz. Chil. vii. 144;
as Theodoric, the son of Triarius, heard of this Aelian, Hist. Anim. xvii. 30; Schol.
