As was endeavour ing return, herald came him, and ex horting him not
sacrifice
the lives many followers, surrendered quietly, and was sent
prison.
prison.
Complete Collection of State Trials for Treason - v01
But I pray you learn and ‘ bear well away this one lesson, To do good to * men much you lieth, and hurt
‘ously
hinder hurt him, surely, and with had taught his book against the bishop doubt, God not with that man, of Winchester. And here he was suffered
think himself never much speak more.
God's favour. —The fourth Exhortation shall be “So that his speech contained chiefly three
out “although
them that have great substance and riches points, love God, love the king, and love this world, That they will well consider and the neighbour. the which talk held weigh those sayings the scripture. One men very suspense, which depended upon
our Saviour Christ himself, who saith, ‘It the conclusion. Where he far deceived all hard for rich man enter into heaven mens expectations, that the hearing thereat,
sore saying, and yet spoke him, that they were much amazed and let him
knew the 'truth. The second St. John, while, till my lord Williams bad him play the whose saying this, “He that hath the sub Christian man, and remember himself. To stance this world, and seeth his brother
necessity, and shutteth his mercy from him,
how can say, loveth God? Much more
might speak
ficeth not.
every part; but time suf but put you remembrance
“Then was carried away; and great number, that did run see him wickedly
them that rich, ponder
his death, ran after him, exhorting him, while time was remember himself. And one
things. Let
“well those sentences: for ever they had any
friar John, godly and well-learned man, the way travelled with him reduce him. But would not be. What they said par
occasion shew their charity, they have now “at this present, the poor people being
whom answered, “That did: for now spake truth. ”
‘many, and victuals dear. For though ticular cannot tell, but the effect appeared
have been long the great penury
prison, yet have heard the poor. Consider, that
the end. For the stake professed, that died such opinions had taught,
that which given
God. Whom we have not otherwise present corporally with us, but the poor. —And now
my life, whereupon hangeth my life passed,
Brazen-nose-college, laboured converthiin his former Recantation, with the two Spa
and my life come, either saviour Christ heaven, joy, pain ever with wicked devils
live with my else
the poor, given
and oft repented him his Recantation. “Coming the stake with chearful coun tenance, and willing mind, put off his gar for so much am come the last end of ments, with haste, and stood upright his shirt; and batchelor divinity, named Elye,
hell; and
see before mine eyes presently either heaven stancy, they said Latin one another, “Let
ready receive me, hell ready swallow
Ine shall therefore declare unto you my
very faith, how believe, without colour dis
simulation. For now time dissemble,
whatsoever have written times past. —
First, believe God the Father Almighty, knew
Maker heaven and earth, &c. and every ar words more. Whereupon the lord Williams ticle the catholic faith, every word and sen cried, Make short, Make short. Then the
“tence taught our Saviour Christ, his apostles bishop took certain his friends the hand. and prophets, the Old and New Testament. But the batchelor divinity refused take —And now come the great thing that trou him the hand, and blamed others that bleth my conscience more than any other thing did, and said, was sorry that ever came that ever said did my life: And that his company. And yet again required the setting abroad writings, contrary the him agree his former Recantation. And truth. Which here now renounce, and re the bishop answered, (shewing his hand) “This fuse, things written with my hand, contrary
the truth, which thought my heart, and writ for fear death, and save my life,
many things untrue. And forasmuch my sensibly burning, crying with loud veice, “hand offendcq writing contrary my heart, ‘This hand hath offended. ” As soon the fire
might And that such bills, which
the hand that wrote and therefore shall suffer first punishment. ”—Fire being now put him, stretched out his right hand, and thrust
into the flame, and held there good space, have written signed with mine own hand, before the fire came any other part his since my degradation: Wherein have written body; where his hand was seen every mau
nish friars. But when the friars saw his con
from him; We ought not nigh him: For the devil with him. ' But the batchelor
divinity was more earnest with him. Unto
whom cantation,
answered, That concerning his Re repented right sore, because was against the truth; with other
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soil STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1554. —for Treason and Heresy. [862 got up, he was very soon dead, never stirring or Some pitied see his body tormented with
crying the while. -
“His patience the torment, his courage
dying, had been taken either for the glory God, the wealth his country, the testi
the fire raging upon the silly carcass, that
counted not the folly. Other that passed not much the body, lamented see him spill soul wretchedly without redemption,
mony truth, was pernicious error,
and subversion true religion, could worthily
have commended the example, and matched
with the same any father antient time
But seeing that not the death, but the cause
and quarrel thereof, commendeth the sufferer,
cannot but much dispraise his obstinate stub
bornness and sturdiness dying, and specially ing you quiet life, with less honour; and
evil cause. Surely his death much easier death, with more praise. The 23d grieved every man, but not after one sort. March. Yours, A. ”
51. The Arraignment Sir THoMAs WYAT, knight, minster, for High Treason: MARY, 14th March,
plagued for ever. His friends sorrowed for love: his enemies for pity: 'strangers for common kind humanity, whereby are bound one another. Thus have enforced myself, for your sake discourse this heavy narration, contrary my mind: And being more than half weary make short end, wish
West 1554.
Barnesly Gloucestershire, 9007-8. See Catalogi Librorum Manuscript.
[From the MS. Brereton Bourchier, late
Angliae Hiberniae, tom.
THOU art indicted, Thomas Wyat, knight,
for that thou, the 14th day February,
part 256. Rapin, 131. ]
committed Treason: but now, understanding the great commodity, honour, and surety, which this realm shall receive this marriage,
shall please the queen merciful unto me, there man living that shall more trustily and more faithfully serve her highness,
whatsoever the quarrel be: served the queen's highness against the duke Northumberland,
my lord Arundel can witness: my grand father was upon the rack for her majesty's grandfather: my father served king Henry 8th
and served him likewise; also her grace's
didst, Brentford the county Middle sex, levy war against our sovereign lady and queen, her crown and dignity: How sayest thou? art thou Guilty, no?
Wyat. My lords, should plead Guilty, should not be then excluded afterwards to
use certain things that have say?
Court. You shall, Mr. Wyat, have leave
say and heard what you can.
Wyat. Then my lords, must confess Guil
ty, the end, truth must enforce me
brother, and
witness
my blood lost, the
sty:
lague for my sins, which most grievously either merit advance, for this beastly
[.
must
acknowledge
this
just
field, carry
maim.
alledge
not
this,
against God,
me fall into this beastly brutishness, and -horrible offence of Treason. And me the like, and such, who attempted like
brutishness, miserably which most
committed
who hath suffered
am fallen unto, have not only procured my own
death, but overthrown my house and name, and
defaced my father's well-doings, ever there enterprise from the beginning: for peruse the were any—I will not justify myself any
Chronicles through, and you shall read, that never Rebellion against their natural prince and country, from the beginning, prospered
past, also this my present infelicity, and her mercy bestow him who shall most heinous offence. most miserable, mis most glad serve her highness, and readiest
Henry the 4th was but rebel, for must
call him; continued not long, but the
end definite, fell into the right line again
and the usurpation revenged his blood; for
the love God, you gentlemen that
here, remember, and taught examples which her highness will vouchsafe
chievous, and beastly, furious imagination mine for thought, that the marriage the prince Spain, the second person
die her grace's cause: for protest before
thing, neither can alledge any excuse my offences, but most humbly submit myself
the queen's majesty's mercy and pity; desiring you, my lord Sussex, and you Mr. Hastings,
the queen's the greatest
me
with the rest, mean highness for mercy: for pity
man, and
that which specially hath chosen himself,
treasure that ever God gave
the Judge Judges, this against her highness person.
never meant hurt
realm should have been danger. And The Queen's Attorney. Mr. Wyat, you have who have lived freeman born, should toge great cause sorry and repentant for the ther with my country have been brought fault whereby you have not only undone your bondage and servitude aliens and strangers; self, but also numbers other gentlemen, who which brutish boastliness then seemed reason, being true men, might have served their coun and wrought far, and such effect, try: yet, you had gone further, might led me the use and practice this my the better have been borne withal: not so
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sool STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1834—The Arraignment of Thomas Wya, Isa,
contented, you procured the duke Suffolk, utter durst not, and therefore bold man soon trained your purpose, and his two beat him; thus my man carried the cudgel brothers also, which, without the queen's three days, have beaten him; this may mercy, you have overthrown the noble house: appear, how much abhorred that practice.
yet not staid, you attempted the second per son this realm, who should have been all our comforts, whereby her honour brought into
uestion; what end will come unto, rod knoweth, and this are you the author
Wyat. Good Mr. Attorney, will not any thing justify myself, being decay much, overcharge me not with more mischief, and make or shew be that was not am
loath touch any man openly, but that for mine own discharge, am driven for do; and have given Confession, af
firm, that my lord Devonshire sent Ed Wyat. My lords, my fault most vile
ward Rogers for me come his house, and
when came, he break the whole Treason unto
me; said, that himself would go, and
cannot tell, but said would many ing wholly her mercy, without which can
things: this proves was not the first.
The Queen's Solicitor. As Mr. Attorney hath moved you, that repent your offence,
not challenge any thing sithence my offence committed. have served her highness such sort and degree either could am
all the services have been in, there was never more desperate journey taken hand, and the end continued most desperately. And terms, when Mr. Cornwallis and were sent whereas was ask why queen's
true.
ed
unto you from the queen, you answered us, highness's Pardon unhappy man what
The Master the Horse's Question. Mr. Wyat, were not this your words, and these
That the queen should the Tower, and you have her person with the Tower keep ing, also the treasure, and such the coun
sellors you would require; for you said you had rather be trusted than trust.
shall say *—When was once entered that devilish desperateness, there was way but wade through with that had taken hand; for thought others had been forward
Solicitor. This shall Itebellion, the Rebellion called Wat Tiler's.
ever called Wyat's Wat Tiler was
myself; and following the enterprise, used
possible means that might endure the same, writing my lady Elizabeth, and making Proclamation Southwark. Well, there
Attorney. Mr. Wyat, were you not privy
resteth now the queen's highness, either how the queen should have been slain, she justice death, which justly have deserved
did walk not burden you consent
this: for thus much must say, you disliked It.
with Wat Tiler, make me the world's end else
open example her mercy
Then was the Letter shewed which he wrote the duke Suffolk, Mr. Wyat being then
Southwark, that should meet him King ston-Bridge, and London with him,
although
Wyat
but when
hand. —It was demanded
meant write my lady Elizabeth; and after his Pardon offered, refuse also the bountiful ness the queen my lady Elizabeth's grace, among other things besides recited.
the
save me, and use my service
Wyat. Mr. Attorney, first opened this, her highness thinks me meet and able do:
coming my remembrance when heard Wil liam Thomas would have slain himself, for was his devise; and brake this wise
Nicholas Arnold, the queen were killed,
quoth he, were well, and there not
man do John Fitzwilliams. Sir Ni
cholas Arnold told sir James Croftes, and he told John Fitzwilliams, and John Fitzwillians told me, and thus the 4th hand heard Then made cudgel with whole brent
and albeit that her grace bath this my request writing, yet most humbly beseech you
means the queen's highness for her mercy and pity, which my last hope and only refuge; and beseech God that the
queen may merciful unto me, mean serve her majesty faithfully and truly. God's will be done on me. If there be but two true
men, will the one die her grace's feet:—And ended. The Lords promised
be means for him: his countenance was
doleful, and tears gushed out continually. —He was afterwards executed.
yard
and sought John Fitzwilliams whole
with whole iron and half
day, and could not find him. The next day,
sent the cudgel my man, and bade him
bob him well, for knave but spy, and The following concise Account Tho
came with the fewer company.
the first remembered was shewed him,
such letter;
and heinous, for the which ask God mercy, and next him my sovereign lady and queen, whom most grievously have offended, appeal
for my part, wish you the same: but what able; for have uttered what know all
Account Wyat's Rebellion.
confessed his him, what
meant you first, when you rose, write my lady Elizabeth's grace, that she should remove
further from the queen, and after that my lord of Norfolk's men fled from him Rochester
things, whereby might deliver her highness from such after peril the concealment
bridge you, joyful news you sent my lady Elizabeth your good success, and skie again sent you thanks: not this true?
am bounden thereunto duty and truth, which truly have declared; for think and certainly
believe, she careful over this realm Wyat. What have written, confess, and that her chiefest jejwel,must confess that
traitors treason might prejudice hurt have done this for her highness security,
refused the
such sort
init, a sir it so
it, isI itit to
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of so
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to of
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do so : sirItoI
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to in of.
a to to
so beto into - besoIto
is Ito heoftohe
if he
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he I
of I : in I
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or it : by as as to IasI go Sir
at it be totoastoofin. ofofIofin hein-
sir to in as inor p as I:
-
365] STATE TRIALs, Mary, 1554. —for High Treason. [866
mas Wyat's Conspiracy is extracted from Rapin,
vol. vii. p. 129. * “After the treaty of the queen's marriage with
Wyat, and killed sixty his men. This success alarmed Wyat, that had now resolved consult his own safety (f), when
Philip was made public, complaints and mur unexpected accident inspired him with fresh murs were every where heard. The protestants courage. Sir George Harper, one Wyat's in particular believed themselves lost, and fear adherents, pretending desert him, went
ed to see erected in England a Spanish inquisi the duke Norfolk, and artfully managed tion. But they were not the only murmurers. the trained-bands, that they took part with the Independently of religion, the greatest part of rebels, and quitting the duke, joined Wyat (g). the nation was not frce from the fears of king —With this reinforcement and his other troops, Philip's introducing the Spanish tyranny into making together body 4,000 men, Wyat England, of which the Indies, the Low-Coun marched towards London. He met near tries, the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, and Deptford two messengers from the queen, who the dutchy of Milan, afforded recent instan her name asked what would content him. ces. In a word, few persons could believe He demanded the Tower and the queen's per that the emperor had agreed to the articles son put into his hands, and the council stipulated in the treaty, with any design to
observe them. At last, these murmurs grew
into a conspiracy against the queen, of which
the marriage was either the cause or pretence. The duke of Suffolk, Thomas Wyat (a),
Peter Carew, formed the design general but the advice her council. And, give insurrection. Carew was act Cornwall, them,a proof the confidence she reposed Wyat Kent, and the duke Suffolk them, she resolved stay the city, though Warwickshire, which the center the many advised her withdraw the Tower. — kingdom. Carew managed ill, that his plot
was discovered (b), and one his complices arrested before he had concerted his affairs.
This sent him into France, and Wyat, upon his flight, hastened the execution his enterprize, theugh was the design the conspirators
wait the arrival Philip for more plausible
Wyat the mean time continued his march, and reached the borough Southwark the 3d February, expecting enter the city without
any difficulty. But the bridge being strongly harricaded and guarded, was obliged Inarch along the Thames Kingston, ten miles from London. Here sound the bridge bro ken, and spent some hours repairing He then passed the other side with his army, increased now near 6,000 men. After that,
colour resolving
their insurrection. Wyat therefore
push point, though
was yet few
arms
unprepared,
followers, and gave out took
prevent England from being invaded. After
wards he marched Rochester, from whence carriages, reached Hyde-Park about nine the he writ the sheriff desire his assistance.
But the sheriff, instead espousing his cause,
rcquired him lay down his arms, and assem
bled forces oppose him. —This rebellion interval Harper, who had been serviceable alarmed the court (c), where nothing was ready bringing over the trained-bands, deserted,
went Maidstone
with
continued his march London, and after some time lost repairing one his broken
changed should think proper. This demand being rejected, the queen repaired Guildlall, and acquainted the magistrates with Wyat's answer. She then spoke her mar riage, and told them she had done nothing
morning, the 7th February. The time un seasonably spent repairing the carriage, ren dered his undertaking abortive. For that
allay the queen having dismissed her and posting court, discovered his intentions
march through Westminster, and enter the
city Ludgate. seasonably This advice came
Wyat $. ". Wherefore she sent herald with
forces, when she thought herself out
full pardon, would lay down his arms
24 hours. But refused the offer pardon. the head some troops, had resolved
Mean time, the court was unprepared, that
the duke Norfolk was sent with only 600
the city trained-bands (d), commanded
officer named Bret. Whilst this was doing, thought better let him pass, after orders the sheriff Kent, (e) was going join given shut the gate through which de
the duke Norfolk, met and defeated Knevet, who with some troops, was marching join
(a) This Thomas Wyat had been oftem ployed embassies, particularly Spain; where he had made such observations on the cruelty and subtilty the Spaniards, that
could not look, without just concern, the iniseries his country was like fall under. Burnet, tom. 224.
(b) seems was too hasty raising men and making other preparations. Godw. 340.
signed enter. —Wyat still prepossesed that (d) Five hundred, says Godwin, together
with the queen's guards. Ibid.
(e) Sir Rob. Southwell, Hollinsh. 1094. (f) He was seen weep, and called for
(c)The news came
London, January
(g) Thereupon the duke Norfolk fled, together with the earl Arundel, and sir Henry Jernegan, captain the guard. But Wyat coming that moment with party horse, intercepted the rest; and seized eight brass guns, and Norfolk's baggage. Godwin, 341.
25. Idem. 341. Stow, 618. WOL.
the earl Pembroke and lord Clinton, who,
engage him serving where
entered the city. But, ob was entangling himself the streets could not extend his troops, they
coat which stuffed with money, designing escape. Burnet, 285.
-
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soil STATE TRIALS, I MARy, 1554. —Arraignment of Sir Thomas Wyat. [865
the citizens would favour his undertaking, left entirely the ruin the reformed and the his cannon under a guard at Hyde-Park, and reformation. The duke Suffolk being con entering Westminster (h), pursued his march cerned the conspiracy, the court easily un through the Strand, in his way to Ludgate. As derstood his design was replace his daughter he advanced, care was taken to cut off his re the lady Jane the throne; and this deter treat by barricades and men placed at the mined the queen sacrifice her her own
avenues. He believed himself now the height his wishes, when found the gate into the
city shut against him. He then first discovered his danger, and, perceiving was impossible
retire, lost courage.
As was endeavour ing return, herald came him, and ex horting him not sacrifice the lives many followers, surrendered quietly, and was sent
prison. This unfortunate man, who doubt ing she desired some time
less had but slender capacity, foolishly ima obtained three days respite
gined, without having good assurances, that the But she let him know, was
city London would declare his favour, her. She was well assured, the jealousy the
and that proved his ruin. his measures had been better taken, the queen and her ministers would have been greatly embarrassed,
time when the government, weak was, had already created many enemies. But the
success this enterprise strengthened the queen's authority, that henceforward she found more resistance. After the taking Wyat, his men being dispersed, were taken pleasure, and filled the prisons.
government would not suffer her live, and therefore she had employed the whole time her confinement preparation for death. Some have believed, that without this last at tempt the duke Suffolk, the queen would have spared his daughter. But afterwards such numbers were put death for their reli gion, not likely that Jane, firmly at tached the protestant religion, would have been more mercifully used than the rest, even
While Wyat was acting Kent and London, though the queen could have prevailed with the duke Suffolk had made but small pro herself pardon her treason. Be this
gress the county Warwick. He would will, she was executed the 12th February, not have been much suspected, had not after seeing the headless body her hus
express been seized, sent him Wyat band, pass her, was brought back inform him the reasons which had obliged from execution interred the chapel of
him hasten undertaking, and pray him the Tower. She shewed the last moment expeditious possible. Upon this great constancy and piety, and immo advice, the earl Huntington had orders veable adherence the reformation, owning arrest him. The duke was informed, and being however herself guilty great sin accept
not yet secure fifty horse, chose conceal
himself the house one his domestics,
who basely betrayed him the earl Isun
tington, whom was conveyed the with great grief for having been the cause
safety.
“Two days after the taking Wyat mes
sage was sent Jane Grey and her husband bid them prepare for death. Jane, she had long expected received the message with
great resolution. Mean while, Dr. Heck nam who brought and had orders exhort her change her religion, preposterously imagin
ing crown which belonged not her. The duke of Suffolk her father was tried the 17th
determined,
her execution. satisfaction
his daughter's death.
“Next, Wyat was brought his trial, where
offered make great discoveries, his life
tended with great conscquences. But few men
reputation cared put themselves under Elizabeth and the earl of Devonshire as con
Tower the 11th February. Such was the success this conspiracy. Had been ma naged abler heads, might have been at
might saved. He accused even the princess
the conduct of such leaders. had caused only the death the principal actors, they might have been said meet the just reward
cerned the conspiracy. This did not prevent his sentence, but only gained him respite
two months, because the hopes drawing
their folly. But produced two consider from him considerable discoveries. Mean time
able effects, one fatal illustrious and in
nocent person, and the other protestants.
Not that religion had any share the con
spiracy, Wyat himself being Roman catholic,
and the queen her proclamation not accus ing the protestants, though since some histo
rians have been pleased brand them. But the queen's authority was strengthened
the earl of Devonshire was committed to the Tower, and the princess Elizabeth, though in disposed, was brought London and closely confined Whitehall, without liberty speak
any person. On the 11th March follow ing she was sent the Tower. --The 14th and 15th February, Bret, commander Wyat’s forces and more, were hanged. Some days
the success this undertaking, she turned after, 600 prisoners with halters about their
necks waited the queen, and received their (h) He advanced with five companies to pardon. But this was not capable eiface
wards Ludgate, whilst Cuthbert Vaughan, with the impression made men's minds
two companies more, marched towards West minster. Charing-cross, John Gage lord chamberlain, went oppose Wyat, but retired
disorder, Godwin,
many executions for conspiracy which was no effusion of blood. The fault was thrown on
Gardiner, who was accused leading the queen excessive jealousy her authority,
312.
the same month, and executed the 21st,
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Sø9] STATE TRIALS, 1 Many, 155 (. -Trial of Sir Nic. Throckmorton. [870
and the most extreme rigour. An affair hap ercised upon the jury was fatal to John
pened at the same time, which also greatly Throgmorton, who was found guilty upon the
alarmed and filled the people with fears of the same evidence which his brother had been queen's intending to rule with too extensive acquitted.
a power. Sir Nicholas Throgmorton being ac The respite granted Wyat had quite cused and tried as an accomplice in the con contrary effect what the court expected. spiracy, was acquitted by his Jury for want of This unhappy man, who had accused Elizabeth sufficient proof to condemn him. For this the and the earl Devonshire only hopes
jury were severely fined. So the juries were deprived of the liberty of judging according to
their consciences, and instead of being governed by proofs, they were to examine how the
court stood affected to the prisoners, and by that determine their verdict. This rigour ex
pardon, finding must die, fully cleared them his second examination: and for fear his last
declaration should suppressed, renewed the place execution. He was executed
the 11th April 1554.
THRockMoRTox, knight, the Guildhall London, for High Treason MARy, April 17, 1554: Together with the Proceedings against Sir Nicholas
52. The Trial Sir Nicho LAs **
Throckmorton's JURY. Hollingshead, 1104, 1121, 1126. ]
THE Commissioners appointed try him the matter, and then plead the Indict
were, Thomas White, knight, lord mayor London, the earl Shrewsbury, the earl
ment.
Bromley. No, the ordcr not so, you must
Derby,
England,
Rolls,
court wards and liberties; Southwell, Hare. You must first answer to the matter
Tho. Bromley, lord chief justice Nicholas Hare, master the Francis Englefield, master the
first plead whether you guilty no.
one the privy-council; the privy-council;
Win. Porteman, one
king's-bench Edw. Saunders, one
justices the common pleas; master Stanford
Edw. Walgrave, one Roger Cholmeley;
where with you are charged, and then you may talk your pleasure.
Throckmorton. But things spoken out place were good not spoken.
Bromley. These but delays spend and master Dyer, sergeants; master Edward time, therefore answer the law wiileth you.
Griffin, attorney general; master Sendall, and Throckmorton. My lords, pray you make Peter Tichborne, clerks the crown. not too much haste with me, neither think not First, after Proclamation made, and the long for your dinner, for my case requireth lei Commission read, the lieutenant the Tower, sure, and you have well dined when you have master Tho. Bridges, brought the prisoner done justice truely. Christ said, ‘Blessed are the bar: then silence was commanded, and they that hunger and thirst for righteous
the justices
the
the
Sendall said the prisoner followeth
Sendall. Nicholas Throckmorton, knight,
hold thy hand, Thou art before this time
indicted High-Treason, &c. that thou them
and there didst falsly and traiterously, &c. con Throckmorton we will not used, no, spire and imagine the death the queen's ma no, for my part have forborn my breakfast,
jesty, &c. and falsly and traiterously did levy diuner and supper, serve the queen.
evidently
lently the Tower London, &c. Of which Throckmorton. M. Southwell, you mistake Treasons and every them manner and me, meant not teach you, nor none you, form, &c. art thou Guilty Not guilty but remember you that trust you
war against the queen within her realm, &c.
and also thou was adherent the queen's ene
mies within her realm, giving them, aid and
comfort, &c. and also falsly and traiterously
did conspire and intend depose and deprive
the queen her royal estate, and finally not, we know what we have
destroy her, &c. and also thou didst falsly and would teach our duties; you hurt your traiterously devise and conclude take vio matter, tol
Throckmorton. May please you my lords well instructed and satisfy nyself, since and masters, which authorised the queen's shall not speak, thinking you know what
commission judges this day, give ine leave speak few words, which doth both concern you and me, before answer the Indictment, and uot altogether impertinent
you have do, ought know, will all swer the Indictment, and plead Not guily
the whole, and every part thereof. Sendall. How wilt thou tried
Throckmorton. that your order and law, indge accordingly
ness. '
Bromley. can forbear my dinner well you, and care little you peradventure.
Shrewsbury. Come you hither check us,
Throckmorton. Yea, my good lord, know right well: meant not touch your lord
ship, for your service and Pains known to all men. Throckmorton,
Southwell. Mr.
this talk need do, and you
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271] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1551. —The Trial of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, [s;2
Throckmorton. Shall tried would, master Serjeant, and the others my masters
or as I should the Queen's learned counsel, like was Bromley. You shall be tried as the law will, minded to have said few words to the Com
and therefore you- Inust say, by God and by the missioners, might have had leave, for their country. better remembrance their duties this place Throckmorton. Is that your law for me It justice, and concerning direct indifferency is not as I would ; but since you will have it so, used towards me this day; your
I am pleased with and desire tried patience think good say somewhat faithful just men, which more fear God you, and the rest the queen's learned than the world. council, appointed give evidence against
The Names the Jurors were, Lucas, Yong, me, and albeit you and the rest order
appointed give evidence ainst Ine,
and entertained set forth the Depositions and Matter against me, yet pray you re
member am not alienate from you, but that am your Christian brother? neither you
ing the corruptions and dexterities them
such cases, noted certain challenged for
the queen, rare case) and the same men God appointed you how you shall your being known be sufficient and indifferent, office, which you exceed, will grievously and that exceptions were taken required your hands. lawful for you them, but only for their upright homesties, not use your gifts, which know God hath largely withstanding the Attorney prompting serjeant given you, your learning, art and eloquence, I)ier; the said seljeant challengcd one Bacon, thereby you not seduce the minds and another citizen peremptorily for the queen. the simple and unlearned Jury, credit mat Then the prisoner demanded the cause the
challenge the serjeant answered, we need
Martyn, Beswicke, Bascafield, Rightley, Lowe, Whetston, Pointer, Bankes, Calthorp, Cater.
What time the Attorney went forthwith Mr. Cholmley, and shewed him the sheriffs return, who being acquainted with the citizens, know
charged, but you ought consider equity, nor
not shew you the cause the challenge for the queen. Then the inquest was furnished with other honest men, that say, Whet
presumptions, applying, implying, inferring, conjecturing, deducing arguinents, wresting and exceeding the law, the circumstances, the depositions and confessions, that unlearned men may enchanted think and judge those that things indifferent, the worst
ston and Lucas, words
the prisoner used these -
trust you have not pro
Throckmorton.
vided for me this day, times past knew but oversights, great Treasons; such
power orators have, and such ignorance the unlearned have. Almighty God the mouth his prophet, doth conclude such advocates
be cursed, speaking these words, Cursed that doth his office craftily, corruptly, and maliciously. ” And consider also, that my seem too pitiful and too charitable con blood shall required your hands, and punished you and yours, the third and fourth generation. Notwithstanding you and the Justices excuse always such erroneous do
another gentleman occupying this woful place
was provided for. chanced one the Jus tices upon jealousy the prisoner's acquittal,
for the goodness his cause, said another
his companions, justice, when the jury did ap pear, like not this jury for our purpose, they
demn the prisoner. No, no, said the other Judge (viz. Cholmley) warrant you, they
picked fellows for the nonce, shall drink the same cup his fellows have done. was
ings, when they after called question
the Verdict the twelve men but assure you, the purgation serveth you did Pilate, and you wash your hands the blood
Pilate did Christ's. And now
your matter.
Stanford. And please you, my lords,
doubt not prove evidently and manifestly, that Throckmorton worthily and rightly indicted and arraigned these Treasons, and that was principal deviser, procurer and contriver the late Rebellion, and that Wyat
then looker the pageant others now here, but now wo me, am player
that woful tragedy. Well, for these and such
other like the black ox hath of late trodden on shed,
some their feet, but my trust shall not used. --Whilst this talk was, Cholmley consulted with the Attorney about the Jury, which the prisoner espied, and then said here ensueth, Ah, ah, master Cholmley, will this
foul packing never left Cholmley. Why what
pray you, Mr.
Throckmorton did nothing, am sure you was but minister. How say you, Throck
do pick quarrels
me.
Well master Cholmley,
morton, did not you send Winter Wyat into Kent, and did devise that the Tower London should taken, with other Instruc
Throckmorton. you well,
better for you, God help you.
The Jury then was sworn, and Proclama tions concerning Wyat's stir and rebellion
tion made, that whosoever would give Evidence Throckmorton. May
against Nicholas Throckmorton, knight, shall answer particularly
should come and heard, for the prisoner jected against me,
stood upon his deliverance whereupon ser not good, and the same much decayed since
jeant Stanford presented himself speak. my grievous imprisonment, with want sleep, Throckmorton. And may please you and other disquietncss: confess did say
yet privileged, but that you have duty +
ters otherwise than they be. For master Ser jeant, know how persuasions, enforcements,
please you that
the matters ob much my memory
to
I he is tobe is, as to to
is
heof so Ibetoof Iasso be
I as it to
ofis
of It to of at to is to
sir
do soofatoI:
be :
no
in it
if
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of to in
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a
to
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as if
to if do I
heas
in atII
be
by
(a isIonaof toof
to of ofIt I so be be I
it,
I
: I, I in of to do be
it do is as
Ia of beoftoas I
as Ito I of to
be
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in of be doI to ofa
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I of “
to
at be so
in
to
?
I of I to - by be of to of so to of
; in or
to . I
asI abyas oftoit dobyI
sis] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1554. —for High Treason. [874
Winter, that Wyat was desirous to speak with him, as I understood.
Bromley. Yea, say your mind.
Throckmorton. may truly deny some part this Confession; but because there no
Stanford, Yea sir, and you devised together of
the taking of the Tower of London, and of the thing material greatly, suppose the whole other great treasons. true, and what herein deposed, sufficient
Throckmorton. No, I did not so ; prove bring me within the compass the Indict Stanford. Yes sir, you met with Winter sun ment.
dry times, shall appear, and sundry places. Throckmorton. That granted, proveth
such matter supposed the indictment. Stanford read Winter's Confession, which was this effect; ‘That Throckmorton met
Stanford. appeareth that you were counsel with Wyat, inasmuch you sent Win ter down him, who uttered unto him divers
with Winter one day Tower-street, and told
Throckmorton. This since you will construe
him, that Thomas Wyat was desirous
pray you the Jury, judge better than master Serjeant doth. met chance servant master Wyat's, who demanded me for Win ter, and shewed me, that his master would gladly speak with him; and without any
speak with him, and Winter demanded where
Wyat was Throckmorton answered, his house Kent, not far from Gillingham,
heard say, where the ships lie. Then they
parted that time, and shortly after Throck
morton met with Winter, unto whom Winter further declaration, desired me, met Win said, Master Wyat doth much mislike the com ter, tell him master Wyat’s mind, and where ing the Spaniards into this realm, and fear was. Thus much for the sending down
daily Winter.
heareth thereof; doth see daily divers Attorney. Yea, sir, but how say you the
them arrive here, scattered like soldiers; and taking the Tower London, which trea
therefore thinketh good the Tower Lon son
eth their short arrival here much
traitorous devices.
-
but conjectural; yet maliciously, will recount how sent Winter Wyat and then
don should taken sleight, before the
prince came, lest that piece delivered
the Spaniards. How say you Throckmorton
it? Throckmorton answered, mislike for
Throckmorton. answer, though Wyat thought meet attempt dangerous en
terprize, and that Winter informed me
you cannot extend Wyat’s devices mine,
divers respects; even said Winter. and bring me within the compass Treason;
At another time Throckmorton met me the said Winter Paul's, when had sent one
my house seek me before; and said me, you are Admiral the Fleet that now goeth into Spain. answered, yea. Throck morton said, when will your ships ready?
said, within ten days. Throckmorton said,
understand you are appointed conduct and the better understand that did always not
carry the Lord Privy Seal into Spain; and considering the danger the Frenchmen,
think master Wyat would Englishman think well done, you put my said lord and his hurt, and this enterprize cannot done with
which you say arm them the sea apace, me
train land the West country avoid danger. Throckmorton said also, that Wyat changed his purpose, for taking the Tower
out the hurt and slaughter both parties; for
know him that hath the charge the peace, and his brother, both men good service; the
London: said was glad it; and for one had charge piece great importance, the Frenchmen, care not much for them, Boulogne mean, which was stoutly assailed, will handle the matter, that the queen's ships and notwithstanding made good account shall warrant you safeguard. Another for his time, that like am sure will do time met with Mr. Throckmorton when this his charge. Moreover, account the came from the emperor's ambassador's, unto taking the Tower very dangerous the whom declared, that the emperor had sent law. These were my words Winter. And me fair chain, and showed unto Throck besides, very unlike, that men morton, who said, For this chain you have would confederate such matter against the sold your country. said, neither French Lieutenant the Tower, whose daughter my king nor emperor that can make me sell my brother hath married, and his house and mine country, but will true Englishman: allied together marriage sundry times within then they parted. This the sum the talk these few years. - betwixt Throckmorton and Winter. ” Hare. But how say you this, that Wyat
Stanford. Now my masters the Jury, and you had conference together sundry times
have heard my sayings confirmed with
Warner's house, and other places? Throckmorton. This very general
charge, have conference; but why was
Winter's Confession morton, can you deny have Winter justify
how say you Throck you will, you shall
Throckmorton. My lords, shall that shall answer
your face.
not lawful for me confer with Wyat, please you with you, any other man then knew more Wyat, than any other; and
for what manner reasoning proof this, Wyat would have taken the Tower, ergo Throck
Traitor Winter doth make my his own Confession, even now
was master Serjeant, though say nothing; for Winter doth avow there, that
morton purgation
read
did much mislike And because you shall
allow these master Wyat’s devices, had these words Winter, when informed me it;
by
or to
it
of to is of Iin itina
of to I
tonoasit
.
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as
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sts] STATE TRIALS, 1 May, 1551–Toe Trial of Sir icholas Throckmorton, [876
prove to talk with Wyat was lawful and in
different, the last day I did talk with Wyat, I
saw my lord of Arundel, with other noblemen
and gentlemen, talk with him familiarly in the hath reformed himself. And for knowing chamber of presence. devices, was well acquainted with them,
Hare. But they did not conspire nor talk that can name none them, nor you neither, of any stir against the Spaniards as you did as matter known me.
pretend, and meant it against the queen ; for you, Croftes, Rogers and Warner, did often
Attorney. But why did you advise Winter land my lord privy seal the west country? Throckmorton. He that told you that my
times devise in Warner's house about your
traitorous purposes, or else what - did you so mind was land him there, doth partly tell
often there * you
Throekmorton. I confess I did mislike the ber well the one the other; but because
reason why said so, you would reinem queen's Marriage with Spain, and also the you are forgetful, will recite wherefore
coming of the Spaniards hither; and then me
thought I had reason to do so, for I did learn
the reasons of my misliking of you master Hare,
master Southwell, and others in the parliament
house; there I did see the whole consent of
the realm against it; and I a hearer, but no on the west coast, heard, unto whom speaker, did learn my misliking of those mat said, that peradventure not only the queen's ters, confirmed by many sundry reasons ships under his charge might injeopardy, but amongst you : but as concerning any stir or also my lord privy seal, and his train, the
uproar against the Spaniards, I never made Frenchmen being well prepared meet with any, neither procured any to be made; and them; and therefore for events were good for my much resort to master Warner's house, you should put my said lord the west coun it was not to confer with master Wyat, but to try, case you espy any jeopardy. But what shew my friendship to my very good lord the doth this prove the treasons, were not
marquis of Northampton, who was lodged able give convenient reasons my talk there when he was enlarged. - Stanford. Marry, sir, now cometh the proofs Stanford. Did not you, Throckmorton, tell your Treasons: you shall hear what Cutbert
Winter that Wyat had changed his mind for Vaughan sayeth against you.
matter, neither hath been all this time? Will you know the truth?
‘ously
hinder hurt him, surely, and with had taught his book against the bishop doubt, God not with that man, of Winchester. And here he was suffered
think himself never much speak more.
God's favour. —The fourth Exhortation shall be “So that his speech contained chiefly three
out “although
them that have great substance and riches points, love God, love the king, and love this world, That they will well consider and the neighbour. the which talk held weigh those sayings the scripture. One men very suspense, which depended upon
our Saviour Christ himself, who saith, ‘It the conclusion. Where he far deceived all hard for rich man enter into heaven mens expectations, that the hearing thereat,
sore saying, and yet spoke him, that they were much amazed and let him
knew the 'truth. The second St. John, while, till my lord Williams bad him play the whose saying this, “He that hath the sub Christian man, and remember himself. To stance this world, and seeth his brother
necessity, and shutteth his mercy from him,
how can say, loveth God? Much more
might speak
ficeth not.
every part; but time suf but put you remembrance
“Then was carried away; and great number, that did run see him wickedly
them that rich, ponder
his death, ran after him, exhorting him, while time was remember himself. And one
things. Let
“well those sentences: for ever they had any
friar John, godly and well-learned man, the way travelled with him reduce him. But would not be. What they said par
occasion shew their charity, they have now “at this present, the poor people being
whom answered, “That did: for now spake truth. ”
‘many, and victuals dear. For though ticular cannot tell, but the effect appeared
have been long the great penury
prison, yet have heard the poor. Consider, that
the end. For the stake professed, that died such opinions had taught,
that which given
God. Whom we have not otherwise present corporally with us, but the poor. —And now
my life, whereupon hangeth my life passed,
Brazen-nose-college, laboured converthiin his former Recantation, with the two Spa
and my life come, either saviour Christ heaven, joy, pain ever with wicked devils
live with my else
the poor, given
and oft repented him his Recantation. “Coming the stake with chearful coun tenance, and willing mind, put off his gar for so much am come the last end of ments, with haste, and stood upright his shirt; and batchelor divinity, named Elye,
hell; and
see before mine eyes presently either heaven stancy, they said Latin one another, “Let
ready receive me, hell ready swallow
Ine shall therefore declare unto you my
very faith, how believe, without colour dis
simulation. For now time dissemble,
whatsoever have written times past. —
First, believe God the Father Almighty, knew
Maker heaven and earth, &c. and every ar words more. Whereupon the lord Williams ticle the catholic faith, every word and sen cried, Make short, Make short. Then the
“tence taught our Saviour Christ, his apostles bishop took certain his friends the hand. and prophets, the Old and New Testament. But the batchelor divinity refused take —And now come the great thing that trou him the hand, and blamed others that bleth my conscience more than any other thing did, and said, was sorry that ever came that ever said did my life: And that his company. And yet again required the setting abroad writings, contrary the him agree his former Recantation. And truth. Which here now renounce, and re the bishop answered, (shewing his hand) “This fuse, things written with my hand, contrary
the truth, which thought my heart, and writ for fear death, and save my life,
many things untrue. And forasmuch my sensibly burning, crying with loud veice, “hand offendcq writing contrary my heart, ‘This hand hath offended. ” As soon the fire
might And that such bills, which
the hand that wrote and therefore shall suffer first punishment. ”—Fire being now put him, stretched out his right hand, and thrust
into the flame, and held there good space, have written signed with mine own hand, before the fire came any other part his since my degradation: Wherein have written body; where his hand was seen every mau
nish friars. But when the friars saw his con
from him; We ought not nigh him: For the devil with him. ' But the batchelor
divinity was more earnest with him. Unto
whom cantation,
answered, That concerning his Re repented right sore, because was against the truth; with other
to
to
in or is
of by
so
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in
soil STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1554. —for Treason and Heresy. [862 got up, he was very soon dead, never stirring or Some pitied see his body tormented with
crying the while. -
“His patience the torment, his courage
dying, had been taken either for the glory God, the wealth his country, the testi
the fire raging upon the silly carcass, that
counted not the folly. Other that passed not much the body, lamented see him spill soul wretchedly without redemption,
mony truth, was pernicious error,
and subversion true religion, could worthily
have commended the example, and matched
with the same any father antient time
But seeing that not the death, but the cause
and quarrel thereof, commendeth the sufferer,
cannot but much dispraise his obstinate stub
bornness and sturdiness dying, and specially ing you quiet life, with less honour; and
evil cause. Surely his death much easier death, with more praise. The 23d grieved every man, but not after one sort. March. Yours, A. ”
51. The Arraignment Sir THoMAs WYAT, knight, minster, for High Treason: MARY, 14th March,
plagued for ever. His friends sorrowed for love: his enemies for pity: 'strangers for common kind humanity, whereby are bound one another. Thus have enforced myself, for your sake discourse this heavy narration, contrary my mind: And being more than half weary make short end, wish
West 1554.
Barnesly Gloucestershire, 9007-8. See Catalogi Librorum Manuscript.
[From the MS. Brereton Bourchier, late
Angliae Hiberniae, tom.
THOU art indicted, Thomas Wyat, knight,
for that thou, the 14th day February,
part 256. Rapin, 131. ]
committed Treason: but now, understanding the great commodity, honour, and surety, which this realm shall receive this marriage,
shall please the queen merciful unto me, there man living that shall more trustily and more faithfully serve her highness,
whatsoever the quarrel be: served the queen's highness against the duke Northumberland,
my lord Arundel can witness: my grand father was upon the rack for her majesty's grandfather: my father served king Henry 8th
and served him likewise; also her grace's
didst, Brentford the county Middle sex, levy war against our sovereign lady and queen, her crown and dignity: How sayest thou? art thou Guilty, no?
Wyat. My lords, should plead Guilty, should not be then excluded afterwards to
use certain things that have say?
Court. You shall, Mr. Wyat, have leave
say and heard what you can.
Wyat. Then my lords, must confess Guil
ty, the end, truth must enforce me
brother, and
witness
my blood lost, the
sty:
lague for my sins, which most grievously either merit advance, for this beastly
[.
must
acknowledge
this
just
field, carry
maim.
alledge
not
this,
against God,
me fall into this beastly brutishness, and -horrible offence of Treason. And me the like, and such, who attempted like
brutishness, miserably which most
committed
who hath suffered
am fallen unto, have not only procured my own
death, but overthrown my house and name, and
defaced my father's well-doings, ever there enterprise from the beginning: for peruse the were any—I will not justify myself any
Chronicles through, and you shall read, that never Rebellion against their natural prince and country, from the beginning, prospered
past, also this my present infelicity, and her mercy bestow him who shall most heinous offence. most miserable, mis most glad serve her highness, and readiest
Henry the 4th was but rebel, for must
call him; continued not long, but the
end definite, fell into the right line again
and the usurpation revenged his blood; for
the love God, you gentlemen that
here, remember, and taught examples which her highness will vouchsafe
chievous, and beastly, furious imagination mine for thought, that the marriage the prince Spain, the second person
die her grace's cause: for protest before
thing, neither can alledge any excuse my offences, but most humbly submit myself
the queen's majesty's mercy and pity; desiring you, my lord Sussex, and you Mr. Hastings,
the queen's the greatest
me
with the rest, mean highness for mercy: for pity
man, and
that which specially hath chosen himself,
treasure that ever God gave
the Judge Judges, this against her highness person.
never meant hurt
realm should have been danger. And The Queen's Attorney. Mr. Wyat, you have who have lived freeman born, should toge great cause sorry and repentant for the ther with my country have been brought fault whereby you have not only undone your bondage and servitude aliens and strangers; self, but also numbers other gentlemen, who which brutish boastliness then seemed reason, being true men, might have served their coun and wrought far, and such effect, try: yet, you had gone further, might led me the use and practice this my the better have been borne withal: not so
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sool STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1834—The Arraignment of Thomas Wya, Isa,
contented, you procured the duke Suffolk, utter durst not, and therefore bold man soon trained your purpose, and his two beat him; thus my man carried the cudgel brothers also, which, without the queen's three days, have beaten him; this may mercy, you have overthrown the noble house: appear, how much abhorred that practice.
yet not staid, you attempted the second per son this realm, who should have been all our comforts, whereby her honour brought into
uestion; what end will come unto, rod knoweth, and this are you the author
Wyat. Good Mr. Attorney, will not any thing justify myself, being decay much, overcharge me not with more mischief, and make or shew be that was not am
loath touch any man openly, but that for mine own discharge, am driven for do; and have given Confession, af
firm, that my lord Devonshire sent Ed Wyat. My lords, my fault most vile
ward Rogers for me come his house, and
when came, he break the whole Treason unto
me; said, that himself would go, and
cannot tell, but said would many ing wholly her mercy, without which can
things: this proves was not the first.
The Queen's Solicitor. As Mr. Attorney hath moved you, that repent your offence,
not challenge any thing sithence my offence committed. have served her highness such sort and degree either could am
all the services have been in, there was never more desperate journey taken hand, and the end continued most desperately. And terms, when Mr. Cornwallis and were sent whereas was ask why queen's
true.
ed
unto you from the queen, you answered us, highness's Pardon unhappy man what
The Master the Horse's Question. Mr. Wyat, were not this your words, and these
That the queen should the Tower, and you have her person with the Tower keep ing, also the treasure, and such the coun
sellors you would require; for you said you had rather be trusted than trust.
shall say *—When was once entered that devilish desperateness, there was way but wade through with that had taken hand; for thought others had been forward
Solicitor. This shall Itebellion, the Rebellion called Wat Tiler's.
ever called Wyat's Wat Tiler was
myself; and following the enterprise, used
possible means that might endure the same, writing my lady Elizabeth, and making Proclamation Southwark. Well, there
Attorney. Mr. Wyat, were you not privy
resteth now the queen's highness, either how the queen should have been slain, she justice death, which justly have deserved
did walk not burden you consent
this: for thus much must say, you disliked It.
with Wat Tiler, make me the world's end else
open example her mercy
Then was the Letter shewed which he wrote the duke Suffolk, Mr. Wyat being then
Southwark, that should meet him King ston-Bridge, and London with him,
although
Wyat
but when
hand. —It was demanded
meant write my lady Elizabeth; and after his Pardon offered, refuse also the bountiful ness the queen my lady Elizabeth's grace, among other things besides recited.
the
save me, and use my service
Wyat. Mr. Attorney, first opened this, her highness thinks me meet and able do:
coming my remembrance when heard Wil liam Thomas would have slain himself, for was his devise; and brake this wise
Nicholas Arnold, the queen were killed,
quoth he, were well, and there not
man do John Fitzwilliams. Sir Ni
cholas Arnold told sir James Croftes, and he told John Fitzwilliams, and John Fitzwillians told me, and thus the 4th hand heard Then made cudgel with whole brent
and albeit that her grace bath this my request writing, yet most humbly beseech you
means the queen's highness for her mercy and pity, which my last hope and only refuge; and beseech God that the
queen may merciful unto me, mean serve her majesty faithfully and truly. God's will be done on me. If there be but two true
men, will the one die her grace's feet:—And ended. The Lords promised
be means for him: his countenance was
doleful, and tears gushed out continually. —He was afterwards executed.
yard
and sought John Fitzwilliams whole
with whole iron and half
day, and could not find him. The next day,
sent the cudgel my man, and bade him
bob him well, for knave but spy, and The following concise Account Tho
came with the fewer company.
the first remembered was shewed him,
such letter;
and heinous, for the which ask God mercy, and next him my sovereign lady and queen, whom most grievously have offended, appeal
for my part, wish you the same: but what able; for have uttered what know all
Account Wyat's Rebellion.
confessed his him, what
meant you first, when you rose, write my lady Elizabeth's grace, that she should remove
further from the queen, and after that my lord of Norfolk's men fled from him Rochester
things, whereby might deliver her highness from such after peril the concealment
bridge you, joyful news you sent my lady Elizabeth your good success, and skie again sent you thanks: not this true?
am bounden thereunto duty and truth, which truly have declared; for think and certainly
believe, she careful over this realm Wyat. What have written, confess, and that her chiefest jejwel,must confess that
traitors treason might prejudice hurt have done this for her highness security,
refused the
such sort
init, a sir it so
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-
365] STATE TRIALs, Mary, 1554. —for High Treason. [866
mas Wyat's Conspiracy is extracted from Rapin,
vol. vii. p. 129. * “After the treaty of the queen's marriage with
Wyat, and killed sixty his men. This success alarmed Wyat, that had now resolved consult his own safety (f), when
Philip was made public, complaints and mur unexpected accident inspired him with fresh murs were every where heard. The protestants courage. Sir George Harper, one Wyat's in particular believed themselves lost, and fear adherents, pretending desert him, went
ed to see erected in England a Spanish inquisi the duke Norfolk, and artfully managed tion. But they were not the only murmurers. the trained-bands, that they took part with the Independently of religion, the greatest part of rebels, and quitting the duke, joined Wyat (g). the nation was not frce from the fears of king —With this reinforcement and his other troops, Philip's introducing the Spanish tyranny into making together body 4,000 men, Wyat England, of which the Indies, the Low-Coun marched towards London. He met near tries, the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, and Deptford two messengers from the queen, who the dutchy of Milan, afforded recent instan her name asked what would content him. ces. In a word, few persons could believe He demanded the Tower and the queen's per that the emperor had agreed to the articles son put into his hands, and the council stipulated in the treaty, with any design to
observe them. At last, these murmurs grew
into a conspiracy against the queen, of which
the marriage was either the cause or pretence. The duke of Suffolk, Thomas Wyat (a),
Peter Carew, formed the design general but the advice her council. And, give insurrection. Carew was act Cornwall, them,a proof the confidence she reposed Wyat Kent, and the duke Suffolk them, she resolved stay the city, though Warwickshire, which the center the many advised her withdraw the Tower. — kingdom. Carew managed ill, that his plot
was discovered (b), and one his complices arrested before he had concerted his affairs.
This sent him into France, and Wyat, upon his flight, hastened the execution his enterprize, theugh was the design the conspirators
wait the arrival Philip for more plausible
Wyat the mean time continued his march, and reached the borough Southwark the 3d February, expecting enter the city without
any difficulty. But the bridge being strongly harricaded and guarded, was obliged Inarch along the Thames Kingston, ten miles from London. Here sound the bridge bro ken, and spent some hours repairing He then passed the other side with his army, increased now near 6,000 men. After that,
colour resolving
their insurrection. Wyat therefore
push point, though
was yet few
arms
unprepared,
followers, and gave out took
prevent England from being invaded. After
wards he marched Rochester, from whence carriages, reached Hyde-Park about nine the he writ the sheriff desire his assistance.
But the sheriff, instead espousing his cause,
rcquired him lay down his arms, and assem
bled forces oppose him. —This rebellion interval Harper, who had been serviceable alarmed the court (c), where nothing was ready bringing over the trained-bands, deserted,
went Maidstone
with
continued his march London, and after some time lost repairing one his broken
changed should think proper. This demand being rejected, the queen repaired Guildlall, and acquainted the magistrates with Wyat's answer. She then spoke her mar riage, and told them she had done nothing
morning, the 7th February. The time un seasonably spent repairing the carriage, ren dered his undertaking abortive. For that
allay the queen having dismissed her and posting court, discovered his intentions
march through Westminster, and enter the
city Ludgate. seasonably This advice came
Wyat $. ". Wherefore she sent herald with
forces, when she thought herself out
full pardon, would lay down his arms
24 hours. But refused the offer pardon. the head some troops, had resolved
Mean time, the court was unprepared, that
the duke Norfolk was sent with only 600
the city trained-bands (d), commanded
officer named Bret. Whilst this was doing, thought better let him pass, after orders the sheriff Kent, (e) was going join given shut the gate through which de
the duke Norfolk, met and defeated Knevet, who with some troops, was marching join
(a) This Thomas Wyat had been oftem ployed embassies, particularly Spain; where he had made such observations on the cruelty and subtilty the Spaniards, that
could not look, without just concern, the iniseries his country was like fall under. Burnet, tom. 224.
(b) seems was too hasty raising men and making other preparations. Godw. 340.
signed enter. —Wyat still prepossesed that (d) Five hundred, says Godwin, together
with the queen's guards. Ibid.
(e) Sir Rob. Southwell, Hollinsh. 1094. (f) He was seen weep, and called for
(c)The news came
London, January
(g) Thereupon the duke Norfolk fled, together with the earl Arundel, and sir Henry Jernegan, captain the guard. But Wyat coming that moment with party horse, intercepted the rest; and seized eight brass guns, and Norfolk's baggage. Godwin, 341.
25. Idem. 341. Stow, 618. WOL.
the earl Pembroke and lord Clinton, who,
engage him serving where
entered the city. But, ob was entangling himself the streets could not extend his troops, they
coat which stuffed with money, designing escape. Burnet, 285.
-
to
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soil STATE TRIALS, I MARy, 1554. —Arraignment of Sir Thomas Wyat. [865
the citizens would favour his undertaking, left entirely the ruin the reformed and the his cannon under a guard at Hyde-Park, and reformation. The duke Suffolk being con entering Westminster (h), pursued his march cerned the conspiracy, the court easily un through the Strand, in his way to Ludgate. As derstood his design was replace his daughter he advanced, care was taken to cut off his re the lady Jane the throne; and this deter treat by barricades and men placed at the mined the queen sacrifice her her own
avenues. He believed himself now the height his wishes, when found the gate into the
city shut against him. He then first discovered his danger, and, perceiving was impossible
retire, lost courage.
As was endeavour ing return, herald came him, and ex horting him not sacrifice the lives many followers, surrendered quietly, and was sent
prison. This unfortunate man, who doubt ing she desired some time
less had but slender capacity, foolishly ima obtained three days respite
gined, without having good assurances, that the But she let him know, was
city London would declare his favour, her. She was well assured, the jealousy the
and that proved his ruin. his measures had been better taken, the queen and her ministers would have been greatly embarrassed,
time when the government, weak was, had already created many enemies. But the
success this enterprise strengthened the queen's authority, that henceforward she found more resistance. After the taking Wyat, his men being dispersed, were taken pleasure, and filled the prisons.
government would not suffer her live, and therefore she had employed the whole time her confinement preparation for death. Some have believed, that without this last at tempt the duke Suffolk, the queen would have spared his daughter. But afterwards such numbers were put death for their reli gion, not likely that Jane, firmly at tached the protestant religion, would have been more mercifully used than the rest, even
While Wyat was acting Kent and London, though the queen could have prevailed with the duke Suffolk had made but small pro herself pardon her treason. Be this
gress the county Warwick. He would will, she was executed the 12th February, not have been much suspected, had not after seeing the headless body her hus
express been seized, sent him Wyat band, pass her, was brought back inform him the reasons which had obliged from execution interred the chapel of
him hasten undertaking, and pray him the Tower. She shewed the last moment expeditious possible. Upon this great constancy and piety, and immo advice, the earl Huntington had orders veable adherence the reformation, owning arrest him. The duke was informed, and being however herself guilty great sin accept
not yet secure fifty horse, chose conceal
himself the house one his domestics,
who basely betrayed him the earl Isun
tington, whom was conveyed the with great grief for having been the cause
safety.
“Two days after the taking Wyat mes
sage was sent Jane Grey and her husband bid them prepare for death. Jane, she had long expected received the message with
great resolution. Mean while, Dr. Heck nam who brought and had orders exhort her change her religion, preposterously imagin
ing crown which belonged not her. The duke of Suffolk her father was tried the 17th
determined,
her execution. satisfaction
his daughter's death.
“Next, Wyat was brought his trial, where
offered make great discoveries, his life
tended with great conscquences. But few men
reputation cared put themselves under Elizabeth and the earl of Devonshire as con
Tower the 11th February. Such was the success this conspiracy. Had been ma naged abler heads, might have been at
might saved. He accused even the princess
the conduct of such leaders. had caused only the death the principal actors, they might have been said meet the just reward
cerned the conspiracy. This did not prevent his sentence, but only gained him respite
two months, because the hopes drawing
their folly. But produced two consider from him considerable discoveries. Mean time
able effects, one fatal illustrious and in
nocent person, and the other protestants.
Not that religion had any share the con
spiracy, Wyat himself being Roman catholic,
and the queen her proclamation not accus ing the protestants, though since some histo
rians have been pleased brand them. But the queen's authority was strengthened
the earl of Devonshire was committed to the Tower, and the princess Elizabeth, though in disposed, was brought London and closely confined Whitehall, without liberty speak
any person. On the 11th March follow ing she was sent the Tower. --The 14th and 15th February, Bret, commander Wyat’s forces and more, were hanged. Some days
the success this undertaking, she turned after, 600 prisoners with halters about their
necks waited the queen, and received their (h) He advanced with five companies to pardon. But this was not capable eiface
wards Ludgate, whilst Cuthbert Vaughan, with the impression made men's minds
two companies more, marched towards West minster. Charing-cross, John Gage lord chamberlain, went oppose Wyat, but retired
disorder, Godwin,
many executions for conspiracy which was no effusion of blood. The fault was thrown on
Gardiner, who was accused leading the queen excessive jealousy her authority,
312.
the same month, and executed the 21st,
in
as of of
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Sø9] STATE TRIALS, 1 Many, 155 (. -Trial of Sir Nic. Throckmorton. [870
and the most extreme rigour. An affair hap ercised upon the jury was fatal to John
pened at the same time, which also greatly Throgmorton, who was found guilty upon the
alarmed and filled the people with fears of the same evidence which his brother had been queen's intending to rule with too extensive acquitted.
a power. Sir Nicholas Throgmorton being ac The respite granted Wyat had quite cused and tried as an accomplice in the con contrary effect what the court expected. spiracy, was acquitted by his Jury for want of This unhappy man, who had accused Elizabeth sufficient proof to condemn him. For this the and the earl Devonshire only hopes
jury were severely fined. So the juries were deprived of the liberty of judging according to
their consciences, and instead of being governed by proofs, they were to examine how the
court stood affected to the prisoners, and by that determine their verdict. This rigour ex
pardon, finding must die, fully cleared them his second examination: and for fear his last
declaration should suppressed, renewed the place execution. He was executed
the 11th April 1554.
THRockMoRTox, knight, the Guildhall London, for High Treason MARy, April 17, 1554: Together with the Proceedings against Sir Nicholas
52. The Trial Sir Nicho LAs **
Throckmorton's JURY. Hollingshead, 1104, 1121, 1126. ]
THE Commissioners appointed try him the matter, and then plead the Indict
were, Thomas White, knight, lord mayor London, the earl Shrewsbury, the earl
ment.
Bromley. No, the ordcr not so, you must
Derby,
England,
Rolls,
court wards and liberties; Southwell, Hare. You must first answer to the matter
Tho. Bromley, lord chief justice Nicholas Hare, master the Francis Englefield, master the
first plead whether you guilty no.
one the privy-council; the privy-council;
Win. Porteman, one
king's-bench Edw. Saunders, one
justices the common pleas; master Stanford
Edw. Walgrave, one Roger Cholmeley;
where with you are charged, and then you may talk your pleasure.
Throckmorton. But things spoken out place were good not spoken.
Bromley. These but delays spend and master Dyer, sergeants; master Edward time, therefore answer the law wiileth you.
Griffin, attorney general; master Sendall, and Throckmorton. My lords, pray you make Peter Tichborne, clerks the crown. not too much haste with me, neither think not First, after Proclamation made, and the long for your dinner, for my case requireth lei Commission read, the lieutenant the Tower, sure, and you have well dined when you have master Tho. Bridges, brought the prisoner done justice truely. Christ said, ‘Blessed are the bar: then silence was commanded, and they that hunger and thirst for righteous
the justices
the
the
Sendall said the prisoner followeth
Sendall. Nicholas Throckmorton, knight,
hold thy hand, Thou art before this time
indicted High-Treason, &c. that thou them
and there didst falsly and traiterously, &c. con Throckmorton we will not used, no, spire and imagine the death the queen's ma no, for my part have forborn my breakfast,
jesty, &c. and falsly and traiterously did levy diuner and supper, serve the queen.
evidently
lently the Tower London, &c. Of which Throckmorton. M. Southwell, you mistake Treasons and every them manner and me, meant not teach you, nor none you, form, &c. art thou Guilty Not guilty but remember you that trust you
war against the queen within her realm, &c.
and also thou was adherent the queen's ene
mies within her realm, giving them, aid and
comfort, &c. and also falsly and traiterously
did conspire and intend depose and deprive
the queen her royal estate, and finally not, we know what we have
destroy her, &c. and also thou didst falsly and would teach our duties; you hurt your traiterously devise and conclude take vio matter, tol
Throckmorton. May please you my lords well instructed and satisfy nyself, since and masters, which authorised the queen's shall not speak, thinking you know what
commission judges this day, give ine leave speak few words, which doth both concern you and me, before answer the Indictment, and uot altogether impertinent
you have do, ought know, will all swer the Indictment, and plead Not guily
the whole, and every part thereof. Sendall. How wilt thou tried
Throckmorton. that your order and law, indge accordingly
ness. '
Bromley. can forbear my dinner well you, and care little you peradventure.
Shrewsbury. Come you hither check us,
Throckmorton. Yea, my good lord, know right well: meant not touch your lord
ship, for your service and Pains known to all men. Throckmorton,
Southwell. Mr.
this talk need do, and you
*
as
to to
sir
of of of
[3
I
in by
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sir R.
to up of
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271] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1551. —The Trial of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, [s;2
Throckmorton. Shall tried would, master Serjeant, and the others my masters
or as I should the Queen's learned counsel, like was Bromley. You shall be tried as the law will, minded to have said few words to the Com
and therefore you- Inust say, by God and by the missioners, might have had leave, for their country. better remembrance their duties this place Throckmorton. Is that your law for me It justice, and concerning direct indifferency is not as I would ; but since you will have it so, used towards me this day; your
I am pleased with and desire tried patience think good say somewhat faithful just men, which more fear God you, and the rest the queen's learned than the world. council, appointed give evidence against
The Names the Jurors were, Lucas, Yong, me, and albeit you and the rest order
appointed give evidence ainst Ine,
and entertained set forth the Depositions and Matter against me, yet pray you re
member am not alienate from you, but that am your Christian brother? neither you
ing the corruptions and dexterities them
such cases, noted certain challenged for
the queen, rare case) and the same men God appointed you how you shall your being known be sufficient and indifferent, office, which you exceed, will grievously and that exceptions were taken required your hands. lawful for you them, but only for their upright homesties, not use your gifts, which know God hath largely withstanding the Attorney prompting serjeant given you, your learning, art and eloquence, I)ier; the said seljeant challengcd one Bacon, thereby you not seduce the minds and another citizen peremptorily for the queen. the simple and unlearned Jury, credit mat Then the prisoner demanded the cause the
challenge the serjeant answered, we need
Martyn, Beswicke, Bascafield, Rightley, Lowe, Whetston, Pointer, Bankes, Calthorp, Cater.
What time the Attorney went forthwith Mr. Cholmley, and shewed him the sheriffs return, who being acquainted with the citizens, know
charged, but you ought consider equity, nor
not shew you the cause the challenge for the queen. Then the inquest was furnished with other honest men, that say, Whet
presumptions, applying, implying, inferring, conjecturing, deducing arguinents, wresting and exceeding the law, the circumstances, the depositions and confessions, that unlearned men may enchanted think and judge those that things indifferent, the worst
ston and Lucas, words
the prisoner used these -
trust you have not pro
Throckmorton.
vided for me this day, times past knew but oversights, great Treasons; such
power orators have, and such ignorance the unlearned have. Almighty God the mouth his prophet, doth conclude such advocates
be cursed, speaking these words, Cursed that doth his office craftily, corruptly, and maliciously. ” And consider also, that my seem too pitiful and too charitable con blood shall required your hands, and punished you and yours, the third and fourth generation. Notwithstanding you and the Justices excuse always such erroneous do
another gentleman occupying this woful place
was provided for. chanced one the Jus tices upon jealousy the prisoner's acquittal,
for the goodness his cause, said another
his companions, justice, when the jury did ap pear, like not this jury for our purpose, they
demn the prisoner. No, no, said the other Judge (viz. Cholmley) warrant you, they
picked fellows for the nonce, shall drink the same cup his fellows have done. was
ings, when they after called question
the Verdict the twelve men but assure you, the purgation serveth you did Pilate, and you wash your hands the blood
Pilate did Christ's. And now
your matter.
Stanford. And please you, my lords,
doubt not prove evidently and manifestly, that Throckmorton worthily and rightly indicted and arraigned these Treasons, and that was principal deviser, procurer and contriver the late Rebellion, and that Wyat
then looker the pageant others now here, but now wo me, am player
that woful tragedy. Well, for these and such
other like the black ox hath of late trodden on shed,
some their feet, but my trust shall not used. --Whilst this talk was, Cholmley consulted with the Attorney about the Jury, which the prisoner espied, and then said here ensueth, Ah, ah, master Cholmley, will this
foul packing never left Cholmley. Why what
pray you, Mr.
Throckmorton did nothing, am sure you was but minister. How say you, Throck
do pick quarrels
me.
Well master Cholmley,
morton, did not you send Winter Wyat into Kent, and did devise that the Tower London should taken, with other Instruc
Throckmorton. you well,
better for you, God help you.
The Jury then was sworn, and Proclama tions concerning Wyat's stir and rebellion
tion made, that whosoever would give Evidence Throckmorton. May
against Nicholas Throckmorton, knight, shall answer particularly
should come and heard, for the prisoner jected against me,
stood upon his deliverance whereupon ser not good, and the same much decayed since
jeant Stanford presented himself speak. my grievous imprisonment, with want sleep, Throckmorton. And may please you and other disquietncss: confess did say
yet privileged, but that you have duty +
ters otherwise than they be. For master Ser jeant, know how persuasions, enforcements,
please you that
the matters ob much my memory
to
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is
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sis] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1554. —for High Treason. [874
Winter, that Wyat was desirous to speak with him, as I understood.
Bromley. Yea, say your mind.
Throckmorton. may truly deny some part this Confession; but because there no
Stanford, Yea sir, and you devised together of
the taking of the Tower of London, and of the thing material greatly, suppose the whole other great treasons. true, and what herein deposed, sufficient
Throckmorton. No, I did not so ; prove bring me within the compass the Indict Stanford. Yes sir, you met with Winter sun ment.
dry times, shall appear, and sundry places. Throckmorton. That granted, proveth
such matter supposed the indictment. Stanford read Winter's Confession, which was this effect; ‘That Throckmorton met
Stanford. appeareth that you were counsel with Wyat, inasmuch you sent Win ter down him, who uttered unto him divers
with Winter one day Tower-street, and told
Throckmorton. This since you will construe
him, that Thomas Wyat was desirous
pray you the Jury, judge better than master Serjeant doth. met chance servant master Wyat's, who demanded me for Win ter, and shewed me, that his master would gladly speak with him; and without any
speak with him, and Winter demanded where
Wyat was Throckmorton answered, his house Kent, not far from Gillingham,
heard say, where the ships lie. Then they
parted that time, and shortly after Throck
morton met with Winter, unto whom Winter further declaration, desired me, met Win said, Master Wyat doth much mislike the com ter, tell him master Wyat’s mind, and where ing the Spaniards into this realm, and fear was. Thus much for the sending down
daily Winter.
heareth thereof; doth see daily divers Attorney. Yea, sir, but how say you the
them arrive here, scattered like soldiers; and taking the Tower London, which trea
therefore thinketh good the Tower Lon son
eth their short arrival here much
traitorous devices.
-
but conjectural; yet maliciously, will recount how sent Winter Wyat and then
don should taken sleight, before the
prince came, lest that piece delivered
the Spaniards. How say you Throckmorton
it? Throckmorton answered, mislike for
Throckmorton. answer, though Wyat thought meet attempt dangerous en
terprize, and that Winter informed me
you cannot extend Wyat’s devices mine,
divers respects; even said Winter. and bring me within the compass Treason;
At another time Throckmorton met me the said Winter Paul's, when had sent one
my house seek me before; and said me, you are Admiral the Fleet that now goeth into Spain. answered, yea. Throck morton said, when will your ships ready?
said, within ten days. Throckmorton said,
understand you are appointed conduct and the better understand that did always not
carry the Lord Privy Seal into Spain; and considering the danger the Frenchmen,
think master Wyat would Englishman think well done, you put my said lord and his hurt, and this enterprize cannot done with
which you say arm them the sea apace, me
train land the West country avoid danger. Throckmorton said also, that Wyat changed his purpose, for taking the Tower
out the hurt and slaughter both parties; for
know him that hath the charge the peace, and his brother, both men good service; the
London: said was glad it; and for one had charge piece great importance, the Frenchmen, care not much for them, Boulogne mean, which was stoutly assailed, will handle the matter, that the queen's ships and notwithstanding made good account shall warrant you safeguard. Another for his time, that like am sure will do time met with Mr. Throckmorton when this his charge. Moreover, account the came from the emperor's ambassador's, unto taking the Tower very dangerous the whom declared, that the emperor had sent law. These were my words Winter. And me fair chain, and showed unto Throck besides, very unlike, that men morton, who said, For this chain you have would confederate such matter against the sold your country. said, neither French Lieutenant the Tower, whose daughter my king nor emperor that can make me sell my brother hath married, and his house and mine country, but will true Englishman: allied together marriage sundry times within then they parted. This the sum the talk these few years. - betwixt Throckmorton and Winter. ” Hare. But how say you this, that Wyat
Stanford. Now my masters the Jury, and you had conference together sundry times
have heard my sayings confirmed with
Warner's house, and other places? Throckmorton. This very general
charge, have conference; but why was
Winter's Confession morton, can you deny have Winter justify
how say you Throck you will, you shall
Throckmorton. My lords, shall that shall answer
your face.
not lawful for me confer with Wyat, please you with you, any other man then knew more Wyat, than any other; and
for what manner reasoning proof this, Wyat would have taken the Tower, ergo Throck
Traitor Winter doth make my his own Confession, even now
was master Serjeant, though say nothing; for Winter doth avow there, that
morton purgation
read
did much mislike And because you shall
allow these master Wyat’s devices, had these words Winter, when informed me it;
by
or to
it
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sts] STATE TRIALS, 1 May, 1551–Toe Trial of Sir icholas Throckmorton, [876
prove to talk with Wyat was lawful and in
different, the last day I did talk with Wyat, I
saw my lord of Arundel, with other noblemen
and gentlemen, talk with him familiarly in the hath reformed himself. And for knowing chamber of presence. devices, was well acquainted with them,
Hare. But they did not conspire nor talk that can name none them, nor you neither, of any stir against the Spaniards as you did as matter known me.
pretend, and meant it against the queen ; for you, Croftes, Rogers and Warner, did often
Attorney. But why did you advise Winter land my lord privy seal the west country? Throckmorton. He that told you that my
times devise in Warner's house about your
traitorous purposes, or else what - did you so mind was land him there, doth partly tell
often there * you
Throekmorton. I confess I did mislike the ber well the one the other; but because
reason why said so, you would reinem queen's Marriage with Spain, and also the you are forgetful, will recite wherefore
coming of the Spaniards hither; and then me
thought I had reason to do so, for I did learn
the reasons of my misliking of you master Hare,
master Southwell, and others in the parliament
house; there I did see the whole consent of
the realm against it; and I a hearer, but no on the west coast, heard, unto whom speaker, did learn my misliking of those mat said, that peradventure not only the queen's ters, confirmed by many sundry reasons ships under his charge might injeopardy, but amongst you : but as concerning any stir or also my lord privy seal, and his train, the
uproar against the Spaniards, I never made Frenchmen being well prepared meet with any, neither procured any to be made; and them; and therefore for events were good for my much resort to master Warner's house, you should put my said lord the west coun it was not to confer with master Wyat, but to try, case you espy any jeopardy. But what shew my friendship to my very good lord the doth this prove the treasons, were not
marquis of Northampton, who was lodged able give convenient reasons my talk there when he was enlarged. - Stanford. Marry, sir, now cometh the proofs Stanford. Did not you, Throckmorton, tell your Treasons: you shall hear what Cutbert
Winter that Wyat had changed his mind for Vaughan sayeth against you.
matter, neither hath been all this time? Will you know the truth?
