The first Book he divided into
four chapters, and three of these are dev—oted
to the discursive Acts of the Saint the found
fourth chapter referring to traditionary miracles.
four chapters, and three of these are dev—oted
to the discursive Acts of the Saint the found
fourth chapter referring to traditionary miracles.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v9
, cap.
xii.
, p.
52.
HistoricCatholica-IberniivCompendium,*
2
that date, Art. iii.
See the First Volume of this work, at
In the —Volume of this Eighth work,
Seftrmbrr 2. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 35
2
In the General Church Calendars of Saints, we cannot find any other name, more closely resembling what has been attributed to her, than that of Theodora, wife of the Tribune, St. Paternus. Both of these endured martyrdom in Nicomedia, with many other companions. 3 This happened under the Emperor Julian, the Apostate, and during the fourth century.
Article X. —Reputed Festival of St. Mansuetus, Bishop of Toul, France. —In the additions to Usuard, edited by the Bollandists, a feast for the bishop, St. Mansuetus, is inserted at the and of September. This the
1
Bollandists notice, at the present date.
Vigil, as the chief festival occurs on the day succeeding, to which the reader is referred for his Acts.
Article XL—Reputed Feast of a St. Colman, Avignon, France.
been a virgin.
At the 2nd of September, according to a Florarium Manuscript, belonging to 1
their library, the Bollandists enter a Festival for Colmann and Agricolus,
2
stated to have been Bishops of Avignon, a celebrated city in the south of
France. WhilepresentingtheActsofthelatteratconsiderablelength,as
that such may not have been the case—as in so many other instances— where the Fasti of a Church are not quite complete. It seems likely enough, there had been some earlier authority or tradition for inserting such a Feast of St. Colmann in the Florarium. The name is Irish in form, and the list of our national saints bearing it is more numerous than that of any other denomination. Agricolus flourished in the seventh century, as is well known, while many Irish missionaries had entered France before and during that age. It is possible, St. Colmann may have been one of them, and connected, as stated, with the See of Avignon, and perhaps he was an assistant bishop. However this may be, it seems likely, that he must be distinguished from the Colman, noted at this day, in the ancient Martyrology of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin.
Article XII. —Reputed Festival of a St. Molotha. In the Felire
z
Bishop and Patron of thatcity,3 they state that, among the prelates of Avignon, no Colmann appears. However, it does not follow from this want of record,
of St. . ^Engus, at the 2nd of September, the Feast of St. Molotha is entered ;
2 See ibid. , p. cxli.
Acta Sanctorum," tomus
Zenone, Concordio, Theodoro, Filiis ejus,
Paterno Tribuno, Theodote Uxore ejus, Militibus lxviii. , Matre cum duobus Filiis, Serapione cum clxxii. Militibus. Item de SS. Cuscono, Monolappo, Josepho," pp.
360 to 365.
Article x. — See "Acta Sanctorum,"
Cavarum by the Romans. In it was a metropolitan church of great antiquity, and
From
to 1377, Avignon became a papal residence, and in 1348, it was bought from Joanna, Queen of Sicily and Countess of Provence, for 80,000 florins. The papal sovereignty
in
ii.
3 Their Acts are given by the Bollandists "
one was rebuilt by Charlemagne.
1307
i. ,
De Sanctis Martyribus Nicomedienstbus
tomus i. , Septembris ii. mitted Feasts, p. 338.
Articlk xi. — £ See tomus i. , Septembris ii. mitted Feasts, p. 338.
Among the preter-
" Acta Sanctorum," Among the preter-
world," vol. ii. , p. 487. 3See"ActaSanctorum,"tomusi. , Sep-
tembris ii. De Sancto Agricolo Episcopo et Patrono Avenionensi. A historic com- mentary precedes in three sections and 28 paragraphs, and then a Life by some anony- mous writer, in two chapters, containing 14 paragraphs, with illustrative notes, pp. 444 to 456.
Septembris
2 This is a place of great antiquity, on the
River Rhone, and formerly the capital of a
Gaulish tiibe, seated in the present Depart-
ment of Vaucluse. It was called Avenio the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript
It can only have been that of his
was retained until 1791, when it was re- "
united to France. See Gazetteer of the
'
Article xii. — See "Transactions of
36 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [September 3.
but, elsewhere, we cannot find mention of any saint so called. However, the scholiast makes Molotha a virgin, without further attempt at identification. 2
Article XIII. —Reputed Feasts for Gallan, Abbot, and Oronius,
surnamed Modestus, Bishop of Carpentras, France. In his Scottish
12 Menology, at the 2nd of September, Dempster has entered such a festival.
The Carpentoracte of Pliny is now known as Carpentras, a city of Provence, in France. Again, in his enumeration of Scottish writers, St. Oronius is mentioned as having been a bishop at the date cdxlv. In " Gallia Christiana," there is a notice of such an Oronius Modestus, with the title of saint, at the same year, where the Bishops of Carpentras are introduced. 3 The Bollandists have entered such particulars, at the 2nd of September. *
Cfttrtr JBap of September*
ARTICLE I. —ST. MANSUETUS, MANSUET, MANSUV, OR MAUNSEY, FIRST BISHOP OF TOUL, FRANCE.
[FOURTH CENTURY. ]
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—WRITERS OF ST. MANSUET's ACTS —THE PERIOD WHEN TIE FLOURISHED —THE COUNTRY OF HIS BIRTH—HIS PARENTAGE AND MISSION FROM ROME TO TOUL—THE LEUCI OR LEQUES—WANT OF SUCCESS AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF ST. MAUNSEY'S MISSION—COURTEOUSLY RECEIVED BY THE GOVERNOR'S WIPE - MIRACULOUS RESTORATION OF HER SON TO LIFE—THE GOVERNOR AM) MIS FAMILY.
WITH THE PEOPLE OF TOUL, EMBRACE CHRISTIANITY.
saints generally learn to serve God in the religious life under
celebrated masters. Thus are GREAT
reproduced
character, which survive for generations, and which serve to perpetuate
seminaries of sanctity. Popular tradition lias made the present holy man a
contemporary of the Apostles of Christ, or of their early disciples. However, the Diocese of Toul, in France, has always regarded St. Mansuy as the apostolic man, to whom it is indebted for the iight of the Gospel. With
many other places in Gaul, the original records of that city were probably destroyed or lost during the persecutions of the pagans, or afterwards in the invasions of the barbarians from beyond the Rhine. Nevertheless, the people of Toul still preserve with religious veneration the memory of their
holy patron.
Series, vol. i. , part- i. On the Calendar of Oengus, by Whitley Stokes, p. cxxxvi.
2
See ibid. , p. cxli.
Article xiil—* See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of Scottish Saints," Menologium
Scoticum, p. 210.
1 For the insertion of Gallan's name, he
quotes Breviarium Scoticum, maxime Aber- donense, and tor Oronius, Collectanea
Gilberti Bruni, Henrici Sinclari, &C We are unable to consult such works to verify Dempster's statements.
3 See tomus i. , col. 895. Yet the writers
remark, they know not on what authority his name has been there placed.
4 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Sep- tembris ii. Among the pretermitted Feasts, p. 337.
those virtuous traits of
September 3. ) LIVES OI< THE IRISH SAINTS. 37
As no contemporaneous documents regarding St. Maunsey remain, nor do any appear to have issued for some centuries after his death, his career is
involved in great obscurity. Those biographies we now possess seem to be founded chiefly on popular traditions. Certain Acts are referred to, as existing in the tenth century, and which are alluded to by the monk, Adso l
;
2
while Martene has published a short Life of St. Mansuetus, drawn probably
from some previously existing records,3 belonging to the Cathedral Church of Toul. Some doubts regarding the relative antiquity of the two latter sources for our saint's history have been expressed. * The short Life of St. Mansuetus, by an unknown writer, has first place, in the great Bollandist collection. ? A biography was written by an abbot named Adso6 who lived in the tenth
,
century. He was urged by St. Gerard,? Bishop of Toul, to gather all the traditions of that See, which he deemed to be most reliable, and to compose alifeofSt. Mansuyfromthem. ItwastobereadonthedayofhisFestival, in all the churches of that diocese. This biography has been composed in a diffuse and rhetorical manner : partly, we may suppose, for want of reliable materials, and partly, to serve the of a 8 Both of the
print,
12
he has carefully collated them.
In the Life by Adso is a preface or
after the death of St.
Articlei. —Chapter —' The
miracles Mansuetus.
—f Adso—also called
o Adson, Azon,
and of his writings, are very fully set forth
"
in the Histoire Literaire de la France,"
His term in the episcopacy lasted from
i.
history
or Asson
wrought long
purposes panegyric.
foregoing lives have been edited by Father John Limpen, S. J. , in the great
collectionoftheBollandists. 9 TotheseActshehasprefixedacommentary,10
and added notes ; while from different copies, both in manuscript" and in
tome vi. , pp. 471 to 492. 28
See Martene "Thesaurus Novus Anec- dotorum," tomus hi. , col. 991. This has been given, likewise, in Augustine Calmet's " Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lor- raine," tome i. , in Monumentis, col. 83. The Bollandists have published the text, found in the latter work ; and, in the margin, they have given some emendations from the text as published by Martene.
3 These are short memoirs of the
of Toul, and are to be found in different Codices. One of these ends in the eleventh century, with an account of St. Leo IX. , afterwards Pope. Another Camberonensis
In succeeding pages, it is quoted as the Vita Prolixior.
9 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Sep- tembrisiii. DeS. MansuetoEpisc. etConf. Tulli Levcorvm in Gallia," pp. 615 to 658.
10 In six Sections and 80 paragraphs.
" Three of these copies in manuscript are
taken from Ochsenhusan, Dilingen, and St. Maximinian Codices.
isextended to thetwelfth
and it ends with a notice of Bishop Pibon.
4 See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Septembris iii. De S. Mansueto Episc. et Conf. Tulli Levcorvm in Gallia. Commentarius Praevius, sect, i. , num. 12, 13, pp. 618, 619.
5 Henceforth it shall be quoted, as the Vita Brevior.
toriarum," pars, ii. , from p. 23 ; by Martene, in " Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum," tomus iii. , from col. 1013 ; and by Calmet, in " Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lor- raine," tome i. , in Historia Episcoporum Tullensium, from col. 86. All these copies were traced from two Codices, belonging to the Abbey of St. Mansuet, Toul, one of which had been written in the eleventh, and the other in the twelfth century. The Bollandist editor wishes to admonish his readers, that as none of those mentioned had given the Life by Adso complete, except the Codex Ochsenhusan, and as the latter most
Manuscript
century,
Bishops
published by Bosquet, in "Ecclesiae Gallicanae His-
6 Afterwards Abbot of Montier-en-Der.
This Vita S. Mansueti was written not later
than a. d. 969. It was originally divided abounded in errors, he rejected it, and into two books. From these, however, the adopted the Dilingen text, as least faulty,
Bollandist editor chose to make a new dis- tribution.
The first Book he divided into
four chapters, and three of these are dev—oted
to the discursive Acts of the Saint the found
fourth chapter referring to traditionary miracles. The second Book is divided into four chapters, and these chiefly relate to
in the more recent. Thence it was transcribed in the Ochsenhusan and Dilingen manuscripts. Martene drew his text from ft Codex in the Colbert Library.
7
a. d. 963, to a. d. 994. His festival is observed on the 23rd of April.
12 Those hadbeen printed copies
while he selected emendations from other copies. In the more ancient Mansuetian copy, the Preface was wanting, but it was
3 S LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [SEPTEMBER 3.
dedication to the most blessed prelate, Gerard. Again, two Latin poems are postfixed to the preface : the first of these contains twenty-two distichs, while the latter is an acrostic of eight hexameter lines, having the letters of the name Mansuete distributed in the usual order. The first of those poems follows the tradition of St. Maunsay having been a native of Ireland, and a disciple of the Apostle St. Peter. The latter is silent on both these points. The Bollandist editor concludes his Acts of this holy man, with an account of miracles wrought through his merits and intercession, as drawn from various sources.
Acts or notices of St. Mansuetus have been published by Francis
Bosquet,^ by
Edmund Martene and Ursin
Durand,
1 * as also
by Augustin
x5 in
miracles wrought through his intercession, in the History of the Bishops of
16
Toul. Colgan intended the publication of St. Mansuet's Acts, at this date. Archbishop Ussher has an account of St. Mansuetus, commonly called Saint Mansu, in the country around Toul. 1 ? Also, Thomas Dempster18 introduces notices of St. Mansuetus-at this day. Notices of St. Mansuetus are contained
x
in the Acts of Blessed Marianus and Murcheratus 9 the anonymous writer
;
having lived about the middle of the twelfth century. Aventinus,20 and the
author of a tract, De Fundatione Ecclesise extra Muros Civitatis Ratis- bonensis, have reference to St. Mansuetus. 21 Notices of this saint are to
Calmet,
twenty-two special chapters,
besides
many subsequent
recordsof
be foundin 22 inLeP. Mabillon,
Benoit,
2* in Harris'
Ware,
2* 2* by Baillet,
by
Rev. Alban 26 Butler, by
28 M. l'Abbe
Rev. Dr.
2? Ad.
Lanigan, by Thiery, by
21 Guillaume, 9 in the Les Petits Bollandistes,3° and in Rev. S. Baring-Gould's*
Lives.
The most ancient records of the Church of Toul, and the more general
accounts of his life, declare this saint to have been a Scot, or in other words, a native of Ireland. 32 The Vita Brevior, written by an anonymous author, states this to have been the tradition of those, who preceded himself in point of time. " Also, the Vita Prolixior, by the Abbot Adso, contains a like
13 See "EcclesireGallicanwHistoiiarum," lib. i. , pars, ii,, p. 23, Paris, A. D. 1633, 8vo. 14 See "Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum,"
tomus iii. , a col. 1013, published A,D. 1717. 15 See "Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lorraine," tome i. Preuves de l'Histoire
24 See vol. iii. , "Writers of Ireland. ''
book i. , p. 4.
2S See " Les Vies des Saints," tome iii. ,
pp. 28, 29, at the 3rd of September. Also, in the edition of 1701, tome ix. , pp. 60, 61.
"6 See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, de Lorraine. HistoriaEpiscoporumTullen- and other principal Saints," vol. ix. , Sep-
sium, col. 86 to 107.
tember iii.
*7 See"Ecclesiastical ofIreland," History
vol. i. , chap, i. , sect, ii. , pp. 3 to 5.
a8 See "Histoire de la Ville de Toul et
16See
MS. habentur, ordine Mensium et Dierum. "
17 See "Britannicarum Ecclesiarum An-
"Catalogus
ActuumSanctorum
quae
des ses Eveques," in two vols. Toul, 1841, See Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis 8vo.
tiquitates," cap. xvi. , pp. 389 to 392. 18 "
Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. xii. , num. 838, pp. 447, 448.
19 See an account of both in the Second Volume of this work, at the 9th of February, Art. i.
29 See "Histoire da Diocfese de Toul. "
This admirable work has been published in
five volumes, 8vo.
so •* Vies des Saints," tome x. , iii e jour de
20 In " Annalium
Boiorum,''
lib.
vi. , p.
September, pp. 431 to 435.
3' "Lives of the vol. ix. , Saints,"
Sep-
307.
21 See Ussher in "Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquiiates," p. 1038.
23 See " Histoire ecclesiastique et politique de la ville et du Diocese du Toul," 1707, 4l °-
tember 3, pp. 35, 36.
3' See D. Petro Lombardo, " De Regno
Hibernise, Sanctorum Insula, Comnien- tarius," cap. xiii. , p. 60, Dr. Moran's edition,
:
33 He writes " Fuit enim idem veneran-
dus Pater, sicut relatu majorum didicimus, nobili Scottorum sanguine oriundus. "— Num. 2.
** •' See
Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti," tomus iv. , lib. liii. , sect, xxv. , pp. 209, 210.
September 3. J LIVES OF THE 1RJSH SAINTS.
39
statement. 34 Frombothotthesesources,nearlyallthemoremodernlivesofour sainthavedrawntheiraccounts. 35 Inthemetricallinesprefixedtohislifeby Adso, he is said to have been descended from parents of gentle birth, and possibly, at a time when Christianity had been propagated in Ireland. 3° It is stated,37 also, in an edition of Mansuetus' Life, published by Bosquet, and written by the Abbot Adso, in the tenth century, that some verses are wanting, which Adso prefixed to his work, and of which, in order to make him a Scot of Albafiy, Dempster cites a passage. 38 But, he disingenuously suppresses the Tetrastich^ which demonstrates him to have been a Scot of Ireland, as the learned Archbishop Ussher takes care to remark/ In Harris's edition of Ware41 many mistakes occur, when narrating the particulars of our saint's life, as founded on the authority of Archbishop Ussher, and especially in assigning Maunsey to the first or second century. Also by Thomas Dempster, whose audacity and ignorance are found united in a similar statement. *2
It must be admitted, although an ancient tradition of Toul has been
followed by many writers, regarding his living in the time of the Apostles, that the days of the present holy bishop cannot date b—ack to that early
It seems most — that St. Mansuetus rendered period/3 probable, by
the French St. Mansey or Maunsey was born about the beginning of the fourth
:
34 In this we read " ut
fuerit adolescens, nomine Mansuetus, trans- marinis partibus nobilium quidem Scotorum
clara progenie genitus ; sed mentis egregiae nobilitate multo preciosius insignitus. "—lib. i. , cap. i. , num. 2.
35 The learned Uom Augustine Calmet, Abbot of St. Leopold, Nancy, in his admir-
able and very complete provincial history, follows their authority, when alluding to the time of St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, he introduces there a tract with the title, Incipit Catalogus Pontificum Ttdlcnsium, a B. Mansueto, et deinceps. In it is written : " Ea tempestate, ut scripturae documento percepimus, quidam sanctae indolis fuerat adolescens nomine Mansuetus transmarinis partibus, nobilium quidem Scothorum clara
land. He also states amusingly
scriptime mento percepimus, quidam sanctse indolis
gave 39 The following are the Latin lines :—
sed mentis nobili- egregiae
trace. "
Harris' Ware, vol. iii.
progenie genitus ;
tate multo pretiosius insignitus. Quo videli- cet tenere adhuc aetatis progressu consistente, cum praesagio nominis provehebatur culmine sanctitatis, moribus vocabulo consonantibus se semper sublimior studebat fieri augmento
"
Writers of Ireland,"
pietatis. "—"Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lorraine," tome i. Preuvesde 1' Histoire de Lorraine. Vitse et Actuum B. Mansueti, Primi Leuchorum Urbis Pontificis, lib. i. , cap. ii. , col. 87.
book i. , p. 4.
40 See " Britannicarum Ecclesiaruni Anti-
quitates," cap. xvi. , p. 391.
41 See vol. iii. " Writers of Ireland,"
book i. , p. 4.
42 In his " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentig
Scotorum," where he pretends, that the term Scotus applied to St. Mansuetus should class him among the Saints of Scot-
There, too, it is stated
:
Christi-
:
docu- is rendered into " Scotia English :
birth to her noble son, Mansuetus. "
"
Inclyta Mansueti claris natalibus orti
Progenies titulis fulget in orbe suis, Insula Christicolas gestabat Hibernia
gentes,
Unde genus traxit, et satus inde fuit. "
Thus rendered into English : —
"Though great by blood, Mansuetus bears his name,
Yet he on real worth supports his fame, Wide o'er the world Religion deigned
to smile,
And spread her Harvest through Hiber-
nia's Isle,
Hence the long series of his high-born
race,
And hence the glories of his birth we
""
Hiberni impudenter civem sutun faciunt, sed tabulae Ecclesiae Tullensis, Guil. Eisengrinus C. I. , part I. , dist. ill. , Franc. Roziers, torn. 11. , ofMaunsey'sbirth,atsomeperiodsubsequent StemmatisLotharingae,Hist. Capital. xxn. t
36
Insula
colas gestabat Hibernia gentes ;" although we cannot pronounce with certainty, that this line may not have referred to the Island
to his death, and before the verses in which et Constantinus Ghinius in Natalib, SS it is included had been composed. Canonic, pro nobis contra mendicorum im- 37 In Harris' Ware, vol. ii. " Writers of potentiam stant graviter ; et A—dso abbas, qui vitam ejus scripsit, cap. 11. " Lib. xii. ,
Ireland," book L, p. 4.
" Protulerat quendam generosum Scotia natum Mansuetuw. " It
num. 838, p.
HistoricCatholica-IberniivCompendium,*
2
that date, Art. iii.
See the First Volume of this work, at
In the —Volume of this Eighth work,
Seftrmbrr 2. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 35
2
In the General Church Calendars of Saints, we cannot find any other name, more closely resembling what has been attributed to her, than that of Theodora, wife of the Tribune, St. Paternus. Both of these endured martyrdom in Nicomedia, with many other companions. 3 This happened under the Emperor Julian, the Apostate, and during the fourth century.
Article X. —Reputed Festival of St. Mansuetus, Bishop of Toul, France. —In the additions to Usuard, edited by the Bollandists, a feast for the bishop, St. Mansuetus, is inserted at the and of September. This the
1
Bollandists notice, at the present date.
Vigil, as the chief festival occurs on the day succeeding, to which the reader is referred for his Acts.
Article XL—Reputed Feast of a St. Colman, Avignon, France.
been a virgin.
At the 2nd of September, according to a Florarium Manuscript, belonging to 1
their library, the Bollandists enter a Festival for Colmann and Agricolus,
2
stated to have been Bishops of Avignon, a celebrated city in the south of
France. WhilepresentingtheActsofthelatteratconsiderablelength,as
that such may not have been the case—as in so many other instances— where the Fasti of a Church are not quite complete. It seems likely enough, there had been some earlier authority or tradition for inserting such a Feast of St. Colmann in the Florarium. The name is Irish in form, and the list of our national saints bearing it is more numerous than that of any other denomination. Agricolus flourished in the seventh century, as is well known, while many Irish missionaries had entered France before and during that age. It is possible, St. Colmann may have been one of them, and connected, as stated, with the See of Avignon, and perhaps he was an assistant bishop. However this may be, it seems likely, that he must be distinguished from the Colman, noted at this day, in the ancient Martyrology of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin.
Article XII. —Reputed Festival of a St. Molotha. In the Felire
z
Bishop and Patron of thatcity,3 they state that, among the prelates of Avignon, no Colmann appears. However, it does not follow from this want of record,
of St. . ^Engus, at the 2nd of September, the Feast of St. Molotha is entered ;
2 See ibid. , p. cxli.
Acta Sanctorum," tomus
Zenone, Concordio, Theodoro, Filiis ejus,
Paterno Tribuno, Theodote Uxore ejus, Militibus lxviii. , Matre cum duobus Filiis, Serapione cum clxxii. Militibus. Item de SS. Cuscono, Monolappo, Josepho," pp.
360 to 365.
Article x. — See "Acta Sanctorum,"
Cavarum by the Romans. In it was a metropolitan church of great antiquity, and
From
to 1377, Avignon became a papal residence, and in 1348, it was bought from Joanna, Queen of Sicily and Countess of Provence, for 80,000 florins. The papal sovereignty
in
ii.
3 Their Acts are given by the Bollandists "
one was rebuilt by Charlemagne.
1307
i. ,
De Sanctis Martyribus Nicomedienstbus
tomus i. , Septembris ii. mitted Feasts, p. 338.
Articlk xi. — £ See tomus i. , Septembris ii. mitted Feasts, p. 338.
Among the preter-
" Acta Sanctorum," Among the preter-
world," vol. ii. , p. 487. 3See"ActaSanctorum,"tomusi. , Sep-
tembris ii. De Sancto Agricolo Episcopo et Patrono Avenionensi. A historic com- mentary precedes in three sections and 28 paragraphs, and then a Life by some anony- mous writer, in two chapters, containing 14 paragraphs, with illustrative notes, pp. 444 to 456.
Septembris
2 This is a place of great antiquity, on the
River Rhone, and formerly the capital of a
Gaulish tiibe, seated in the present Depart-
ment of Vaucluse. It was called Avenio the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript
It can only have been that of his
was retained until 1791, when it was re- "
united to France. See Gazetteer of the
'
Article xii. — See "Transactions of
36 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [September 3.
but, elsewhere, we cannot find mention of any saint so called. However, the scholiast makes Molotha a virgin, without further attempt at identification. 2
Article XIII. —Reputed Feasts for Gallan, Abbot, and Oronius,
surnamed Modestus, Bishop of Carpentras, France. In his Scottish
12 Menology, at the 2nd of September, Dempster has entered such a festival.
The Carpentoracte of Pliny is now known as Carpentras, a city of Provence, in France. Again, in his enumeration of Scottish writers, St. Oronius is mentioned as having been a bishop at the date cdxlv. In " Gallia Christiana," there is a notice of such an Oronius Modestus, with the title of saint, at the same year, where the Bishops of Carpentras are introduced. 3 The Bollandists have entered such particulars, at the 2nd of September. *
Cfttrtr JBap of September*
ARTICLE I. —ST. MANSUETUS, MANSUET, MANSUV, OR MAUNSEY, FIRST BISHOP OF TOUL, FRANCE.
[FOURTH CENTURY. ]
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—WRITERS OF ST. MANSUET's ACTS —THE PERIOD WHEN TIE FLOURISHED —THE COUNTRY OF HIS BIRTH—HIS PARENTAGE AND MISSION FROM ROME TO TOUL—THE LEUCI OR LEQUES—WANT OF SUCCESS AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF ST. MAUNSEY'S MISSION—COURTEOUSLY RECEIVED BY THE GOVERNOR'S WIPE - MIRACULOUS RESTORATION OF HER SON TO LIFE—THE GOVERNOR AM) MIS FAMILY.
WITH THE PEOPLE OF TOUL, EMBRACE CHRISTIANITY.
saints generally learn to serve God in the religious life under
celebrated masters. Thus are GREAT
reproduced
character, which survive for generations, and which serve to perpetuate
seminaries of sanctity. Popular tradition lias made the present holy man a
contemporary of the Apostles of Christ, or of their early disciples. However, the Diocese of Toul, in France, has always regarded St. Mansuy as the apostolic man, to whom it is indebted for the iight of the Gospel. With
many other places in Gaul, the original records of that city were probably destroyed or lost during the persecutions of the pagans, or afterwards in the invasions of the barbarians from beyond the Rhine. Nevertheless, the people of Toul still preserve with religious veneration the memory of their
holy patron.
Series, vol. i. , part- i. On the Calendar of Oengus, by Whitley Stokes, p. cxxxvi.
2
See ibid. , p. cxli.
Article xiil—* See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of Scottish Saints," Menologium
Scoticum, p. 210.
1 For the insertion of Gallan's name, he
quotes Breviarium Scoticum, maxime Aber- donense, and tor Oronius, Collectanea
Gilberti Bruni, Henrici Sinclari, &C We are unable to consult such works to verify Dempster's statements.
3 See tomus i. , col. 895. Yet the writers
remark, they know not on what authority his name has been there placed.
4 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Sep- tembris ii. Among the pretermitted Feasts, p. 337.
those virtuous traits of
September 3. ) LIVES OI< THE IRISH SAINTS. 37
As no contemporaneous documents regarding St. Maunsey remain, nor do any appear to have issued for some centuries after his death, his career is
involved in great obscurity. Those biographies we now possess seem to be founded chiefly on popular traditions. Certain Acts are referred to, as existing in the tenth century, and which are alluded to by the monk, Adso l
;
2
while Martene has published a short Life of St. Mansuetus, drawn probably
from some previously existing records,3 belonging to the Cathedral Church of Toul. Some doubts regarding the relative antiquity of the two latter sources for our saint's history have been expressed. * The short Life of St. Mansuetus, by an unknown writer, has first place, in the great Bollandist collection. ? A biography was written by an abbot named Adso6 who lived in the tenth
,
century. He was urged by St. Gerard,? Bishop of Toul, to gather all the traditions of that See, which he deemed to be most reliable, and to compose alifeofSt. Mansuyfromthem. ItwastobereadonthedayofhisFestival, in all the churches of that diocese. This biography has been composed in a diffuse and rhetorical manner : partly, we may suppose, for want of reliable materials, and partly, to serve the of a 8 Both of the
print,
12
he has carefully collated them.
In the Life by Adso is a preface or
after the death of St.
Articlei. —Chapter —' The
miracles Mansuetus.
—f Adso—also called
o Adson, Azon,
and of his writings, are very fully set forth
"
in the Histoire Literaire de la France,"
His term in the episcopacy lasted from
i.
history
or Asson
wrought long
purposes panegyric.
foregoing lives have been edited by Father John Limpen, S. J. , in the great
collectionoftheBollandists. 9 TotheseActshehasprefixedacommentary,10
and added notes ; while from different copies, both in manuscript" and in
tome vi. , pp. 471 to 492. 28
See Martene "Thesaurus Novus Anec- dotorum," tomus hi. , col. 991. This has been given, likewise, in Augustine Calmet's " Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lor- raine," tome i. , in Monumentis, col. 83. The Bollandists have published the text, found in the latter work ; and, in the margin, they have given some emendations from the text as published by Martene.
3 These are short memoirs of the
of Toul, and are to be found in different Codices. One of these ends in the eleventh century, with an account of St. Leo IX. , afterwards Pope. Another Camberonensis
In succeeding pages, it is quoted as the Vita Prolixior.
9 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Sep- tembrisiii. DeS. MansuetoEpisc. etConf. Tulli Levcorvm in Gallia," pp. 615 to 658.
10 In six Sections and 80 paragraphs.
" Three of these copies in manuscript are
taken from Ochsenhusan, Dilingen, and St. Maximinian Codices.
isextended to thetwelfth
and it ends with a notice of Bishop Pibon.
4 See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Septembris iii. De S. Mansueto Episc. et Conf. Tulli Levcorvm in Gallia. Commentarius Praevius, sect, i. , num. 12, 13, pp. 618, 619.
5 Henceforth it shall be quoted, as the Vita Brevior.
toriarum," pars, ii. , from p. 23 ; by Martene, in " Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum," tomus iii. , from col. 1013 ; and by Calmet, in " Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lor- raine," tome i. , in Historia Episcoporum Tullensium, from col. 86. All these copies were traced from two Codices, belonging to the Abbey of St. Mansuet, Toul, one of which had been written in the eleventh, and the other in the twelfth century. The Bollandist editor wishes to admonish his readers, that as none of those mentioned had given the Life by Adso complete, except the Codex Ochsenhusan, and as the latter most
Manuscript
century,
Bishops
published by Bosquet, in "Ecclesiae Gallicanae His-
6 Afterwards Abbot of Montier-en-Der.
This Vita S. Mansueti was written not later
than a. d. 969. It was originally divided abounded in errors, he rejected it, and into two books. From these, however, the adopted the Dilingen text, as least faulty,
Bollandist editor chose to make a new dis- tribution.
The first Book he divided into
four chapters, and three of these are dev—oted
to the discursive Acts of the Saint the found
fourth chapter referring to traditionary miracles. The second Book is divided into four chapters, and these chiefly relate to
in the more recent. Thence it was transcribed in the Ochsenhusan and Dilingen manuscripts. Martene drew his text from ft Codex in the Colbert Library.
7
a. d. 963, to a. d. 994. His festival is observed on the 23rd of April.
12 Those hadbeen printed copies
while he selected emendations from other copies. In the more ancient Mansuetian copy, the Preface was wanting, but it was
3 S LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [SEPTEMBER 3.
dedication to the most blessed prelate, Gerard. Again, two Latin poems are postfixed to the preface : the first of these contains twenty-two distichs, while the latter is an acrostic of eight hexameter lines, having the letters of the name Mansuete distributed in the usual order. The first of those poems follows the tradition of St. Maunsay having been a native of Ireland, and a disciple of the Apostle St. Peter. The latter is silent on both these points. The Bollandist editor concludes his Acts of this holy man, with an account of miracles wrought through his merits and intercession, as drawn from various sources.
Acts or notices of St. Mansuetus have been published by Francis
Bosquet,^ by
Edmund Martene and Ursin
Durand,
1 * as also
by Augustin
x5 in
miracles wrought through his intercession, in the History of the Bishops of
16
Toul. Colgan intended the publication of St. Mansuet's Acts, at this date. Archbishop Ussher has an account of St. Mansuetus, commonly called Saint Mansu, in the country around Toul. 1 ? Also, Thomas Dempster18 introduces notices of St. Mansuetus-at this day. Notices of St. Mansuetus are contained
x
in the Acts of Blessed Marianus and Murcheratus 9 the anonymous writer
;
having lived about the middle of the twelfth century. Aventinus,20 and the
author of a tract, De Fundatione Ecclesise extra Muros Civitatis Ratis- bonensis, have reference to St. Mansuetus. 21 Notices of this saint are to
Calmet,
twenty-two special chapters,
besides
many subsequent
recordsof
be foundin 22 inLeP. Mabillon,
Benoit,
2* in Harris'
Ware,
2* 2* by Baillet,
by
Rev. Alban 26 Butler, by
28 M. l'Abbe
Rev. Dr.
2? Ad.
Lanigan, by Thiery, by
21 Guillaume, 9 in the Les Petits Bollandistes,3° and in Rev. S. Baring-Gould's*
Lives.
The most ancient records of the Church of Toul, and the more general
accounts of his life, declare this saint to have been a Scot, or in other words, a native of Ireland. 32 The Vita Brevior, written by an anonymous author, states this to have been the tradition of those, who preceded himself in point of time. " Also, the Vita Prolixior, by the Abbot Adso, contains a like
13 See "EcclesireGallicanwHistoiiarum," lib. i. , pars, ii,, p. 23, Paris, A. D. 1633, 8vo. 14 See "Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum,"
tomus iii. , a col. 1013, published A,D. 1717. 15 See "Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lorraine," tome i. Preuves de l'Histoire
24 See vol. iii. , "Writers of Ireland. ''
book i. , p. 4.
2S See " Les Vies des Saints," tome iii. ,
pp. 28, 29, at the 3rd of September. Also, in the edition of 1701, tome ix. , pp. 60, 61.
"6 See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, de Lorraine. HistoriaEpiscoporumTullen- and other principal Saints," vol. ix. , Sep-
sium, col. 86 to 107.
tember iii.
*7 See"Ecclesiastical ofIreland," History
vol. i. , chap, i. , sect, ii. , pp. 3 to 5.
a8 See "Histoire de la Ville de Toul et
16See
MS. habentur, ordine Mensium et Dierum. "
17 See "Britannicarum Ecclesiarum An-
"Catalogus
ActuumSanctorum
quae
des ses Eveques," in two vols. Toul, 1841, See Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis 8vo.
tiquitates," cap. xvi. , pp. 389 to 392. 18 "
Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. xii. , num. 838, pp. 447, 448.
19 See an account of both in the Second Volume of this work, at the 9th of February, Art. i.
29 See "Histoire da Diocfese de Toul. "
This admirable work has been published in
five volumes, 8vo.
so •* Vies des Saints," tome x. , iii e jour de
20 In " Annalium
Boiorum,''
lib.
vi. , p.
September, pp. 431 to 435.
3' "Lives of the vol. ix. , Saints,"
Sep-
307.
21 See Ussher in "Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquiiates," p. 1038.
23 See " Histoire ecclesiastique et politique de la ville et du Diocese du Toul," 1707, 4l °-
tember 3, pp. 35, 36.
3' See D. Petro Lombardo, " De Regno
Hibernise, Sanctorum Insula, Comnien- tarius," cap. xiii. , p. 60, Dr. Moran's edition,
:
33 He writes " Fuit enim idem veneran-
dus Pater, sicut relatu majorum didicimus, nobili Scottorum sanguine oriundus. "— Num. 2.
** •' See
Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti," tomus iv. , lib. liii. , sect, xxv. , pp. 209, 210.
September 3. J LIVES OF THE 1RJSH SAINTS.
39
statement. 34 Frombothotthesesources,nearlyallthemoremodernlivesofour sainthavedrawntheiraccounts. 35 Inthemetricallinesprefixedtohislifeby Adso, he is said to have been descended from parents of gentle birth, and possibly, at a time when Christianity had been propagated in Ireland. 3° It is stated,37 also, in an edition of Mansuetus' Life, published by Bosquet, and written by the Abbot Adso, in the tenth century, that some verses are wanting, which Adso prefixed to his work, and of which, in order to make him a Scot of Albafiy, Dempster cites a passage. 38 But, he disingenuously suppresses the Tetrastich^ which demonstrates him to have been a Scot of Ireland, as the learned Archbishop Ussher takes care to remark/ In Harris's edition of Ware41 many mistakes occur, when narrating the particulars of our saint's life, as founded on the authority of Archbishop Ussher, and especially in assigning Maunsey to the first or second century. Also by Thomas Dempster, whose audacity and ignorance are found united in a similar statement. *2
It must be admitted, although an ancient tradition of Toul has been
followed by many writers, regarding his living in the time of the Apostles, that the days of the present holy bishop cannot date b—ack to that early
It seems most — that St. Mansuetus rendered period/3 probable, by
the French St. Mansey or Maunsey was born about the beginning of the fourth
:
34 In this we read " ut
fuerit adolescens, nomine Mansuetus, trans- marinis partibus nobilium quidem Scotorum
clara progenie genitus ; sed mentis egregiae nobilitate multo preciosius insignitus. "—lib. i. , cap. i. , num. 2.
35 The learned Uom Augustine Calmet, Abbot of St. Leopold, Nancy, in his admir-
able and very complete provincial history, follows their authority, when alluding to the time of St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, he introduces there a tract with the title, Incipit Catalogus Pontificum Ttdlcnsium, a B. Mansueto, et deinceps. In it is written : " Ea tempestate, ut scripturae documento percepimus, quidam sanctae indolis fuerat adolescens nomine Mansuetus transmarinis partibus, nobilium quidem Scothorum clara
land. He also states amusingly
scriptime mento percepimus, quidam sanctse indolis
gave 39 The following are the Latin lines :—
sed mentis nobili- egregiae
trace. "
Harris' Ware, vol. iii.
progenie genitus ;
tate multo pretiosius insignitus. Quo videli- cet tenere adhuc aetatis progressu consistente, cum praesagio nominis provehebatur culmine sanctitatis, moribus vocabulo consonantibus se semper sublimior studebat fieri augmento
"
Writers of Ireland,"
pietatis. "—"Histoire Ecclesiastique et Civile de Lorraine," tome i. Preuvesde 1' Histoire de Lorraine. Vitse et Actuum B. Mansueti, Primi Leuchorum Urbis Pontificis, lib. i. , cap. ii. , col. 87.
book i. , p. 4.
40 See " Britannicarum Ecclesiaruni Anti-
quitates," cap. xvi. , p. 391.
41 See vol. iii. " Writers of Ireland,"
book i. , p. 4.
42 In his " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentig
Scotorum," where he pretends, that the term Scotus applied to St. Mansuetus should class him among the Saints of Scot-
There, too, it is stated
:
Christi-
:
docu- is rendered into " Scotia English :
birth to her noble son, Mansuetus. "
"
Inclyta Mansueti claris natalibus orti
Progenies titulis fulget in orbe suis, Insula Christicolas gestabat Hibernia
gentes,
Unde genus traxit, et satus inde fuit. "
Thus rendered into English : —
"Though great by blood, Mansuetus bears his name,
Yet he on real worth supports his fame, Wide o'er the world Religion deigned
to smile,
And spread her Harvest through Hiber-
nia's Isle,
Hence the long series of his high-born
race,
And hence the glories of his birth we
""
Hiberni impudenter civem sutun faciunt, sed tabulae Ecclesiae Tullensis, Guil. Eisengrinus C. I. , part I. , dist. ill. , Franc. Roziers, torn. 11. , ofMaunsey'sbirth,atsomeperiodsubsequent StemmatisLotharingae,Hist. Capital. xxn. t
36
Insula
colas gestabat Hibernia gentes ;" although we cannot pronounce with certainty, that this line may not have referred to the Island
to his death, and before the verses in which et Constantinus Ghinius in Natalib, SS it is included had been composed. Canonic, pro nobis contra mendicorum im- 37 In Harris' Ware, vol. ii. " Writers of potentiam stant graviter ; et A—dso abbas, qui vitam ejus scripsit, cap. 11. " Lib. xii. ,
Ireland," book L, p. 4.
" Protulerat quendam generosum Scotia natum Mansuetuw. " It
num. 838, p.
