An
American
journalist and
novelist; born in Baltimore, Md.
novelist; born in Baltimore, Md.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He was
a missionary to Tripoli and Syria from 1856
to 1860, and is at present stationed at Beyrout.
His works include (The Women of the Arabs)
(1873), and (The Mohammedan Missionary
Problem (1879).
Jewett, Sarah Orne. An American short-
story writer; born in Maine, 1849. Her works
include : (Old Friends and New); (Play Days);
"Country By-Ways'; 'Deephaven'; (The Mate
of the Daylight, and Friends Ashore); (A
Country Doctor); (A Marsh Island); (A White
Heron and Other Stories ); (The Story of the
Normans,' a historical work; (The King of
Folly Island, and Other People); (Betty Lei-
cester); “Strangers and Wayfarers); (A Native
of Winby, and Other Tales); (The Life of
Nancy); (The Country of the Pointed Firs);
etc. *
Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor. An English
novelist; born at Measham, Derbyshire, 1812;
died in London, Sept. 23, 1880. Her novels,
(Zoë, the History of Two Lives) (1845), “The
Half-Sisters) (1848), (Right or Wrong) (1859),
and others of like charm and interest, met
with success.
Jewsbury, Maria Jane. An English poet
and prose-writer, sister of Geraldine; born in
Measham, Derbyshire, Oct. 25, 1800; died of
cholera at Poonah, India, Oct. 4, 1833. She
wrote Phantasmagoria, or Sketches of Life
and Character,' (1824 ? ) and the fascinating
(Letters to the Young) (1828) during a severe
illness. Her Lays of Leisure Hours) (1829)
attracted general admiration, and her (Three
Histories : the History of an Enthusiast, the
History of a Nonchalant, the History of a
Realist) (1830) ran through four editions. She
married Rev. W. K Fletcher, an Indian mis-
sionary.
Jirásek, Aloys (yê-räs'ek). A Czech novel-
ist; born in Hronov, Bohemia, 1851. His talent
is for the production of faithful and effective
word-paintings of Czech life and character;
( Between the Streams' (Against All, and (In
Foreign Service,' being typical examples.
Joachim, Joseph (yö-ä'kēm). A Swiss story-
writer; born at Kestenholz, near Solothurn,
Jobez, Alphonse (zho-bez'). A French his-
torian and writer on social science; born in
Lons-le-Saulnier, Aug. 1, 1813. His literary rep-
utation dates from the appearance of A Pref-
ace to Socialism, Democracy Is the Unknown,'
and "Woman and the Child, or Poverty En-
tails Oppression. His history of France un-
der Louis XV? is an authority.
Jodelle, Étienne (zho-del). A French dra-
matic poet; born in Paris about 1532; died
there (? ), 1573. At twenty his tragedy of
(Captive Cleopatra) met with almost unpar-
alleled success. It was an imitation of the later
classical models, confused with some of the
methods of Seneca. His later plays, Dido)
and (The Meeting,' were comparative failures.
Jodrell, Richard Paul. An English dram-
atist and scholar; born in Derbyshire (? ), Nov.
13, 1745; died in London, Jan. 26, 1831. He
wrote: (Seeing Is Believing (1786), a good
comedy ; (The Persian Heroine) (1786), a good
tragedy; and Philology of the English Lan-
guage) (1820), a good manual.
John, Eugènie (yön). See Marlitt.
Johnson, Charles Frederick. An American
scholar and author; born in New York city in
1836. He graduated from Yale in 1855; and
is at present a professor of English literature
at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. His works
include (Three Americans and Three English-
men) (1886), and (English Words.
Johnson, Emily Pauline (Tekahionwake).
A Canadian poet; born in the Six Nations
Reserve, Canada. She is of Indian descent.
Her first volume of verse was (The White
Wampum) (1894). Her first sketch, (A Red
Girl's Reasoning,' took a prize in the Cana-
dian Magazine.
Johnson, Helen Kendrick. An American
author; born 1843; is the author of "The Roddy
Books) (3 vols. , 1874-76), and (Raleigh West-
gate) (1889). She edited (Tears for the Little
Ones : Poems and Passages Inspired by the Loss
of Children) (1878); Poems and Songs for
Young People) (1884); and (The Nutshell
Series) (6 vols. , 1885).
Johnson, Oliver. An American editor and
author; born in Peacham, Vt. , Dec. 27, 1809;
died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Dec. 10, 1889. He
was editor of the Independent from 1865 to
1870; became editor of the Christian Union in
1872; was one of the founders of the New
England Anti-Slavery Society in 1832 ; and pub-
lished "William Lloyd Garrison and his Times)
(1880).
Johnson, Robert Underwood. An Ameri-
can poet and editor; born in Washington, D. C. ,
## p. 291 (#307) ############################################
JOHNSON - JOLIN
291
(
Jan. 12, 1853. He is associate editor of the
Century Magazine. His efforts in behalf of
the establishment of international copyright
were recognized by the degree of M. A. , con-
ferred by Yale University in 1891. He edited,
with C. C. Buel, the notable (Battles and Lead-
ers of the Civil War' (1887-88), and has pub-
lished two volumes of poems: (The Winter
Hour and Other Poems (1892); and (Songs of
Liberty) (1897), which volume includes para-
phrases from the Servian after translations by
Nikola Tesla, with a prefatory note by him
on Servian poetry.
Johnson, Rossiter. A distinguished Ameri-
can editor; born in Rochester, N. Y. , Jan.
27, 1840. He was educated there, and edited
the Rochester Democrat jointly with Robert
Carter. From 1869 to 1872 he edited the Con-
cord (N. H. ) Statesman; in 1873-77 was asso-
ciated with George Ripley and Charles A.
Dana in editing the American Cyclopædia';
in 1879-80 aided Sydney Howard Gay in his
History of the United States. In 1883 he be-
came editor of the Annual Cyclopædia. He
devised and edited the series of Little Clas-
sics) (16 vols. , 1874-75; two additional vols. ,
1880; 25th ed. 1887).
Johnson, Samuel. An English critic, essay-
ist, poet, and lexicographer, the most pictur-
esque figure in British literature ; born in Lich-
field, Sept. 18, 1709; died in London, Dec. 13,
1784. His works include : «Voyage to Abys-
sinia) (1735), a translation; (London) (1738);
(Marmor Norfolciense) (1739), an essay; 'Life
of Richard Savage) (1744); (Macbeth) (1745),
an essay; (Plan for a Dictionary) (1747); (Van-
ity of Human Wishes) (1749); "Irene) (1749);
The Rambler (1750-52); The Adventurer pa-
pers (1753); the English Dictionary (1755);
The Idler (1758-60);(Rasselas) (1759); (Shakes-
peare with Notes) (1765); (The False Alarm
(1770); A Journey to the Western Isles of
Scotland! (1775); (Taxation No Tyranny)
(1775); (English Poets) (1779-81). (Collected
Works, il vols. , 1787. ) *
Johnson, Virginia Wales. An American
prose-writer ; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Dec. 28,
1849. Her publications include: (Kettle Club
Series) (1870); (Travels of an American Owl)
(1870); Joseph the Jew) (1873); (A Sack of
Gold) (1874); (The Catskill Fairies) (1875);
(The Calderwood Secret! (1875); (A Foreign
Marriage) (1880); “Tulip Place) (1886); (Miss
Nancy's Pilgrimage) (1887); (The House of
the Musician) (1887).
Johnston, Richard Malcolm. An American
story-writer and essayist; born in Hancock
County, Ga. , March 8, 1822. He studied for
the bar and practiced with distinction, but it
was as an educator that he first attracted at-
tention. His studies of character and manners
in Georgia began to appear shortly after the
Noted for humor and realism are his
Dukesborough Tales, (Old Mark Langston,
and "Ogeechee Cross-Firings. *
Johnston, William Preston. An American
educator and author; born in Louisville, Ky. ,
Jan. 5, 1831. He was a colonel in the Con-
federate army; became a professor in Wash-
ington and Lee Cniversity (1867-77); president
of Louisiana State University (1880-83); and
president of Tulane University (1884). His
works include "Life of General Albert Sid-
ney Johnston) (1878), and (The Prototype of
Hamlet (1890).
Johnstone, Charles. An Irish novelist;
born at Carrigogunnel, Limerick, about 1719 ;
died at Calcutta, India, about 1800. He had
wit and imagination, which he exploited in
(Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea)
(1760–65), «the best scandalous chronicle of
its day; and in History of John Juniper, Esq. ,
alias Juniper Jack) (1781). He emigrated to
India, where he succeeded in journalism.
Johnstone, Christian Isobel. [“Margaret
Dods. ”] A Scottish novelist; born in Fifeshire,
1781; died in Edinburgh, Aug. 26, 1857. She
edited, in association with her husband as pub-
lisher, many periodicals and papers, and wrote
popular tales, notably: (Clan Albin : a National
Tale) (1815), (Elizabeth de Bruce) (1827), “The
Edinburgh Tales) (1845-46), and others, de.
scribed as forceful, brilliant, and entertaining.
She also compiled (The Cook and Housewife's
Manual (1826).
Joinville, Jean, Sieur de (zhwan-vēl). A
noted French chronicler; born in Champagne
in 1224; died there (? ) in 1317 or 1318. He
took part in Louis IX. 's crusade, and on his
return spent his leisure composing his invalu-
able Memoirs,' which embody the important
History of Saint Louis,' sometimes treated as
a separate work.
Jokai, Maurice ( yö'ko-i). A Hungarian
novelist, journalist, and publicist; born in
Komorn, Feb. 19, 1825. Few lives have been
so busy, and few have been enriched with the
accomplishment of so much that is good in
the domain of letters. (The White Rose,
(The Gold Man,' (The Man with the Iron
Heart, (Mine, Thine, His, (Pater Pater,) (The
Poor Rich, and Peter the Priest) (1897), must
be named among his numerous fictions. *
Joliet, Charles (zho-lyā'). A French jour-
nalist, essayist, and miscellaneous writer; born
St. Hippolyte-on-the-Doubs, Aug. 8, 1832.
He has contributed to every periodical of note
in Paris, producing likewise countless volumes,
such as: “The Athenians,' poems; (The Ladies'
Doctor,' a humorous narrative; (The Viper,
a study of woman; (The Story of Two Young
Wives,' a novel; and others, all evincing the
happiest versatility and felicity of style.
Jolin, Johan Kristofer (yo'lin). A Swed-
ish dramatist, novelist, and poet; born in
Stockholm, Dec. 28, 1818; died there, Nov. 13,
1884. His work, which is popular and origi-
nal, includes (Master Smith,' a drama, and
(Vinglaren,' a novel, besides pleasing verse.
(
war.
## p. 292 (#308) ############################################
292
JOLY - JORDAN
chant) (1848); “Wild Western Scenes) (1849);
(The Rival Belles) (1852); Freaks of Fortune)
(1854); A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the
Confederate States Capital (1806).
Jones, Joseph Stevens. An American play-
writer; born in 1811; died in Boston, 1877.
He wrote many plays, some of the best known
being (Solon Shingle); (Eugene Aram); (The
Liberty Tree); Moll Pitcher); (The Silver
Spoon.
Jones, Justin. An American novelist, writ-
ing under the pseudonym Harry Hazel. ”
Among his works are: (The Flying Artillerist)
(1853); “The Yankee Middy) (1865); "Virginia
Graham, the Spy of the Grand Army) (1869);
((
etc.
Joly, Guy (zhô-lē'). A seventeenth-century
French writer of memoirs, who came into some
prominence during the Fronde, and compiled
Memoirs to explain and continue those of the
Cardinal de Retz) (1718),- a curious, readable,
and accurate, yet partisan work.
Jonckbloet, Willem Jozef Andreas (yonk'.
blėt''). A Dutch historian of literature, also
essayist and critic; born at The Hague, July 6,
1817; died in Wiesbaden, Oct. 19, 1885. He is
a conceded authority on Dutch letters, his mas-
terpieces on (The Middle Dutch Epic) (1849),
The History of Middle Dutch Literature)
(1851-54), and (Study of the Romance of Ren-
ard’ (1863), exhausting those subjects; and his
editions of Dutch classics are the standard.
Jones, Amanda Theodosia. An American
poet; born in East Bloomfield, Ontario County,
N. Y. , Oct. 19, 1835. Some of her war songs
were very popular. She published: "Ulah and
Other Poems) (1860); (Atlantis and Other
Poems) (1866); and (A Prairie Idyl, and Other
Poems) (1882).
Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. An American
lawyer and author; born in Savannah, Ga. ,
Oct. 28, 1831 ; died July 19, 1893. He was lieu-
tenant-colonel in the Confederate service dur-
ing the War, afterward removing to New York,
where he practiced law. Among his works
are : Antiquities of the Southern Indians)
(1873); (Siege of Savannah in 1779) (1874);
History of Georgia' (1883).
Jones, Ebenezer. An English poet; born in
Islington, Jan. 20, 1820; died in London (? ),
Sept. 14, 1860. His genius was of the erratic
sort, as ( Studies of Sensation and Event (1843),
a collection of miscellaneous poems, showed.
(Winter Hymn to the Snow, When the World
Is Burning, and (To Death,' are his best-
known pieces. Since his death there has been
a revival of interest in his poetry.
Jones, Ernest Charles. An English poet,
novelist, and agitator; born in Berlin, Jan. 25,
1819; died at Manchester, Jan. 26, 1868.
He
became a leader in the Chartist agitation, to
which he sacrificed a large fortune. His prose
and poetry were inspired by his political opin-
ions; (The Lass and the Lady) (1854) and
"Lord Lindsay) being his best fictions, and
{The Battle Day and Other Poems) (1855) con-
taining his most popular songs.
Jones, Evan. A Welsh poet; born at Bryn-
tynoriad, Sept. 5, 1820; died near Cardiff, Feb.
23, 1852. He was a clergyman, and best known
as leuan Gwynedd, over which name he pro-
duced in his native tongue poems on (The
Huts of Wales, Moses on Mount Pisgah,
(Peace,' and other themes; in addition to
which he edited many periodicals, including Yr
Adolygydd, or National Review.
Jones, John B.
An American journalist and
novelist; born in Baltimore, Md. , in 1810; died
1866. He spent many years in journalism, and
is author of Books of Visions) (1847); Rural
Sports: a Poem (1848); "The Western Mer-
Jonge, Johan Karel Jacob đe (yống'ẻ). A
Dutch historian, son of Johannes; born at The
Hague, June 17, 1827; died there, March 15,
1880. He has studied the colonial history of
his country with effect, as (The Rise of Nether.
land Dominion in the East Indies) (1862-78),
and other works, demonstrate.
Jonge, Johannes Cornelis de. A Dutch
historian; born in Zierikzee, May 9, 1793; died
near Ryswick, June 12, 1853. He has quarried
indefatigably and with rich results in the Neth-
erland vein; "Studies in the History of the
Low Countries) (1825-27) and (The History of
the Dutch Navy) (1833-48) being the best
specimens.
Jonson, Ben A celebrated English dram-
atist; born in London in 1572 or 1573; died
there (? ), Aug. 6, 1637. He was about twenty-
three when he tried dramatic authorship, and
seems to have been only moderately successful
until “Every Man in his Humour) was written,
followed by (Every Man Out of his Humour,
both comedies being the fruit of a wit so clear
and fine that his epitaph “O Rare Ben Jon-
son » fits him well. His poetry is "excellently
bright, and impregnated with the Elizabethan
atmosphere and spirit. *
Jordan, Cornelia Jane Matthews. An Amer-
ican poet; born in Lynchburg, Va. , 1830. She
wrote her poem Corinth) in 1863; it was pub-
lished in 1865; by order of Gen. Alfred H.
Terry, it was seized and burned in the court-
house yard at Lynchburg as objectionable and
incendiary. Her publications include : Flowers
of Hope and Memory) (1861); (Corinth and
Other Poems of the War' (1865); "A Christ.
mas Poem for Children (1865); Richmond:
Her Glory and Her Graves) (1867); Useful
Maxims for a Noble Life (1884).
Jordan, David Starr. An eminent Ameri-
can naturalist; born in Gainesville, N. Y. , Jan.
19, 1851. He graduated from Cornell Univer-
sity in 1872, and has held professorships in
several universities in the West ; was president
of Indiana University from 1885 to 1891; was
elected the first president of Leland Stanford
University (California) in 1891, and is still at
its head. He wrote voluminously on ichthy-
ology. Among his works are: A Manual of
## p. 293 (#309) ############################################
JORDAN — JUAN MANUEL
293
the Vertebrates of the Northern United States)
(1876); A Synoposis of the Fishes of North
America) (1883); (Science Sketches) (1887).
Jordan, Wilhelm (yor'dän). A German poet
and story-writer, and an eminent publicist; born
in Insterburg, Feb. 8, 1819. His early poems
and sketches brought him into trouble with
the authorities; but he managed, notwithstand-
ing, to rise to a position of power in public
life, while as a literary man his eminence has
long been unquestioned. As a poet he voices
his liberal political aspirations through the
medium of a chaste but not severe Muse, Bells
and Cannon' and (Earthly Fantasies) being
characteristic. In fiction he strives to make
propaganda and to demonstrate the necessity
of a higher social state by exposing the evils
of the existing one, and yet he is neither a
revolutionist nor a socialist, as (The Sebalds)
and (Two Cradles) amply prove. Demiurgos,'
a philosophical poem, "The False Prince, a
comedy, and “The Widow of Agis,' a tragedy,
are also his.
Josephus, Flavius (jõ-se'fus). A Jewish his-
torian; born in Jerusalem, 37 A. D. ; died at
Rome about 100 A. D. He was of noble birth,
and bore a conspicuous part in the contests
of his people with the Romans and the imperial
government of Rome, rising finally to great
favor with the Emperor Vespasian and his two
immediate successors. He passed the years of
his literary activity at Rome, living in dignified
ease upon a royal pension and in a luxurious
residence, enjoying also the rights of citizenship.
The products of these favoring circumstances
are the History of the War of the Jews
against the Romans, and of the Fall of Jeru-
salem, the "Judaic Antiquities, and an (Auto-
biography. As an eye-witness of much that
he records, his work merits attention; but it is
the subject of much controversy and doubt. *
Jósika, Baron Nikolaus (yo'she-ko). A Hun-
garian novelist; born in Torda, Transylvania,
April 28, 1794; died at Dresden, Feb. 27, 1865.
The scion of a rich and noble family, he re-
ceived a finished education, entered the army,
and at last became a man of letters. His first
efforts were collected into a volume of Sketches,
and were greatly admired. As a writer of real-
istic and historic fiction he achieved fame with
( The Poet Zrinyi, (The Last of the Bathory,
(Abafi,' and 'A Hungarian Family during the
Period of the Revolution. A profound student
of the life, manners, legends, and antiquities of
his countrymen, gifted with a bewitching style,
rich in invention and perennially enticing in
his plots, he well merits the praises he has won
as the Sir Walter Scott) of the land that
gave him birth.
Joubert, Joseph (zhö-bâr'). A French mor-
alist and writer of aphorisms; born in Mon-
tignac, Périgord, 1754; died at Paris, 1824. The
bulk of his epigrammatic work was published
posthumously under the critical supervision of
Châteaubriand and Raynal, the titles of the
volumes being (Thoughts) and “Thoughts, Es-
says, Maxims, and Correspondence. *
Joubert, Léo. A French biographer and
historical writer; born in Bourdeilles, Dordogne,
Dec. 13, 1826. He is skillful, accurate, and read-
able, as a miscellaneous biographical writer;
and his best studies, Washington and the
Formation of the Republic of the United States
of America) (1888), Alexander the Great)
(1889), and (The Battle of Sedan) (1873), are
popular.
Jouy, Victor Joseph Étienne, called de
(zhö-e'). A French librettist, dramatist, and
descriptive writer; born in Jouy, near Versailles,
1764; died at Paris, Sept. 4, 1846. He entered
upon a military career in connection with the
Revolution and the restoration, and wrote an
opera libretto, (The Vestal,' which won him a
reputation. Ferdinand Cortez) and (William
Tell) came next, followed by "Sylla,' a tragedy.
(The Hermit of the Chaussée d'Antin) is his
best thing in prose. This, and other writings
in similar vein, had once a tremendous vogue
as witty and faithful portraiture of contempo-
rary folly.
Jovanovic, Jovan (yö-vän'-ā-vitch), surnamed
Zmaj. A Servian poet, journalist, humorist,
and dramatist; born in Neusatz, Nov. 24, 1833.
He qualified as a lawyer, but went into jour-
nalism, winning fame throughout Austria and
Hungary as editor and founder of influential
political and satirical sheets. He is called
« Zmaj" or the Dragon," from the name of his
most successful paper. The volume (Withered
Roses) contains the finest verse, and his farce
(Saran) is perennially popular on the Servian
stage.
Jovellanos (Jove-Llanos), Gaspar Melchor
de (HO-vel-ya’nôs). A Spanish dramatist,
prose-writer, and statesman; born in Gijon,
Asturia, Jan. 5, 1744; died at Viloga, Nov. 27,
1811. His political and official career was not
fortunate, although he filled high posts with dis-
tinction. As a writer he was happy; applause
greeting his tragedy of (Pelagius,' founded upon
the fortunes of the famed Asturian king. His
(Orations and Discourses) are the productions
of a finished and talented rhetorician.
Joyce, Robert Dwyer. An Irish poet ; born
in County Limerick, 1836; died in Dublin,
Oct. 23, 1883. In 1866 he came to the United
States. He was a versatile writer of ballads,
songs, and sketches; and contributed to the
Pilot and other Irish journals. His best-known
published works are: (Ballads, Romances, and
Songs) (1872); “Deirdré, an epic poem, which
appeared anonymously as one of the No
Name Series) (1876); Legends of the Wars
in Ireland (1868); (Fireside Stories of Ireland)
(1871); Blanid, a poem (1879); “The Squire
of Castleton.
Juana Inez de la Cruz (kröth). (See Mexi-
can Nun. See also *
Juan Manuel, Don (Hö-än'), Infant of Cas-
tile. A Spanish romancer and poet; born in
## p. 294 (#310) ############################################
294
JUDD- JUVENAL DES URSINS
Escalona, 1282; died 1347. He was a gallant
knight who lived for love and fought against
the Moors, varying these activities by the
gratification of his literary tastes. His best
work, (Count Lucanor,' is a collection of an-
ecdotes, apologues, and apostrophes to the
gods of love and war, all set down in flowery
style, the Oriental influence being readily dis-
cernible.
Judd, Sylvester. An American novelist,
poet, and theologian; born in Westhampton,
Mass. , July 23, 1813; died at Augusta, Me. ,
Jan. 20, 1853. His remarkable romance (Mar-
garet) will always be remembered. (Richard
Edney) is another romance; “Philo) is a strik-
ing poem; and his discourses on (The Church
were esteemed. *
Judson, Emily Chubbuck. [Fanny For-
rester. ”] An American missionary and writer
of prose and verse; born in Eaton, Madison
County, N. Y. , Aug. 22, 1817; died in Hamil-
ton, N. Y. , June 1, 1854. She wrote : "Charles
Linn) (1841); (The Great Secret! (1842); (Al-
len Lucas) (1843); Alderbrook' (2 vols. , 1846);
(The Kathayan Slave) (1853). Her poems ap-
peared as An Olio of Domestic Verses) (1852).
Among her other works are: (Trippings in
Author Land (1846); “My Two Sisters) (1854);
and a memoir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson
(1850). She married Adoniram Judson, the mis-
sionary, in 1846.
Judson, Harry Pratt. An American scholar
and author; born in New York State in 1849.
He is a professor of political science in the
University of Chicago. His works include:
"Cæsar's Army, a Study of the Military Art of
the Romans) (1888); “Europe in the Nineteenth
Century); (The Growth of the American Na-
tion.
June, Jennie. See Croly.
Junghans, Sophie (yöng'häns). A German
novelist; born in Cassel, Dec. 3, 1845. Her
literary career began with the production of
short stories and verses; with the appearance
of "Käthe, the Story of a Modern Maid,' and
(The House of Eckberg,' a study of life dur-
ing the Thirty Years' War, she attracted at-
tention. Her novels, while analytical, and per-
spicuous where plot is concerned, are strong in
style and interesting in incident; (The Amer-
ican [Woman ], (A Riddle, (An Heiress
Against her Will,' and others, exemplifying
these qualities pre-eminently.
Jung-Stilling (yöng-stil'ing), called Johann
Heinrich Jung. A German writer of fiction
and autobiography; born in Grund, near Nas-
sau, Sept. 12, 1740; died at Karlsruhe, April 2,
1817. He was of very humble origin, reared
in a narrow and simply pious environment,
and sent out into the world for a livelihood;
but his eager mind turned thirstily to study,
and he worked his way to learning. The nov-
els with which he began his literary career,
(The Story of Florentin von Fahlendorn,' «The
Story of the Lord of Morgenthau,' and oth-
ers, are chronicles of his career at various
stages; but he worked the field at its richest
in the series of “Stilling ” autobiographies,
(Heinrich Stilling's Youth, Heinrich Stilling's
Wanderings, and the prolific cycle of their
successors. The author recounts the incidents
and the experiences of his life in these nomi-
nal fictions with a realistic power that has sel-
dom been surpassed.
Junius. See Francis.
Junot, Madame (zhö-no'), pseudonym of
Laurette de St. Martin-Permon, Duchess of
Abrantes; born in Montpellier, 1784; died at
Paris, June 6(? ), 1838. She married one of
Napoleon's generals, and after his death was
compelled, by tinancial embarrassments, to take
up literature. Recollections of Napoleon, the
Revolution, the Directory, the Consulate, the
Empire, and the Restoration,' is her most per-
manent work.
Junqueira Freire, Luiz José (Hön-kāyörä
frāy'rā). A Brazilian poet; born in Bahia,
Dec. 31, 1832; died there (? ), June 24, 1855.
He manifested a spiritual purity of mind and
heart that drew the attention of his religious
instructors while he was yet a boy; and at
nineteen years of age he took religious vows,
but almost immediately learned that he had
mistaken his vocation. He obtained a release
from his vows in three years' time, after a
period of such agony of soul that we owe to
it the most profoundly moving verses in which
the breaking of a human heart is recorded, -
his (Inspirations of the Cloister. ' He died at
twenty-three, the regret and the delight of his
country.
Jusserand, Jean Jules (zhüs-rän). A
French historian of literature, and diplomat;
born in Lyons, Feb. 18, 1855. He has made a
specialty of the Elizabethan age, and of the liter-
ature of England in the Middle Ages; his most
brilliant studies being "The English Theatre,
from the Conquest to the Immediate Predecessors
of Shakespeare, (The Novel in the Time of
Shakespeare,' and (The English Novel! !
Juvenal (jö'ven-al). (Decimus Junius Ju-
venalis. ) A Latin poet; born at Aquinum
about 60 A. D. ; died about 140 A. D. Sixteen
of his satires, in fi e books, are extant. *
Juvenal des Ursins, Jean See Ursins.
## p. 295 (#311) ############################################
KAALUND- KĀLIDÅSA
295
K
woman.
Kaalund, Hans Vilhelm (käʼlönd). A Dan.
ish poet ; born at Copenhagen, 1818; died 1885.
After making futile attempts at sculpture and
painting, a fortunate poem in honor of Thor-
waldsen (1838) turned him to literature. Though
he had published before, ' Et Foraar' (A Spring-
tide), a collection of his best poems old and
new, which, while not of great scope, were grace-
ful and musical, brought him his first success.
Fulvia) (1875), a fine drama depicting the
struggles of the early Christians, contained many
lyrics,- a fault in a play intended for the stage ;
though, altered, it was successfully acted in 1880.
"En Eftervaar) (Return of Spring : 1877) de-
serves mention. He excelled in satirical fables,
his being the best Denmark has produced.
Ka'b ibn Zahir (käb ibn zä'hér). A noted
Arabic poet ; contemporaneous with Mahomet.
His father was author of one of the famous
seven (Mu 'allakát' (prize poems). After lam-
pooning his own brother and Mahomet, and
being outlawed by the latter, Ka'b composed a
eulogy on him, (The Poem of the Mantle, his
best-known work. It was translated into Eng-
lish by Redhouse in 1880.
Kacic-Miogic, Andrija (kä-chich-me-o-shich).
A Croatian poet; born at Brist, Dalmatia, 1690 ;
died at Zaostrog, 1760. He performed for his
country a service similar to that of Percy in
his ‘Reliques) to England, or of Allan Ramsay
in his Evergreen' or (Tea-Table Miscellany)
to Scotland, in publishing Recreations of the
Slavonic People' (1756). This was an anthol-
ogy of popular songs which he collected or
adapted, celebrating the exploits of South-Slavic
heroes from the earliest times. Many editions
have appeared, and it is popular to-day with the
Southern Slavs.
Kaden, Woldemar (kä'den). A German au-
thor and translator; born at Dresden, Feb. 9,
1838. He filled the chair of German language
and literature in the University of Naples, but
resigned in 1882. He has traveled extensively
in Italy, and his writings treat almost exclus-
ively of that country. Prominent among them
are : (Wanderings in Italy) (1874); (Under the
Olives) (1880); 'Pompeiian Tales) (1882); (Ital-
ian Sketches and Pictures of Civilization)
(1889); "Italian Plaster Casts) (1891).
Kaempfen, Albert (kem'pfen). A French
novelist and journalist; born at Versailles, April
15. 1826.
He wrote under the pseudonyms
"Feyrnet," (Henrys," "Henri Este. His ro-
mance (The Cup of Tea) (1866), and the humor-
ous work (Paris, the Capital of the World
(1877), may be mentioned.
Kaempfer, Engelbert. A German physician
and historian; born at Lemgo, Westphalia, in
1651; died there, Nov. 2, 1716. As secretary of
legation in the Swedish diplomatic service he
visited Russia and Tartary; and later, having
joined the Dutch East India Company, visited
Arabia, Siam, and Japan. In the latter country
he remained two years exploring it. The re-
sults of his investigations are given in his
accurate and reliable History of Japan and
Siam, published in English (1727), and after-
wards in Latin, Dutch, French, and German.
Kaiser, Friedrich (ki'zer). A German hu-
morous writer; born at Biberach, April 3, 1814;
died at Vienna, Nov. 7, 1874.
a missionary to Tripoli and Syria from 1856
to 1860, and is at present stationed at Beyrout.
His works include (The Women of the Arabs)
(1873), and (The Mohammedan Missionary
Problem (1879).
Jewett, Sarah Orne. An American short-
story writer; born in Maine, 1849. Her works
include : (Old Friends and New); (Play Days);
"Country By-Ways'; 'Deephaven'; (The Mate
of the Daylight, and Friends Ashore); (A
Country Doctor); (A Marsh Island); (A White
Heron and Other Stories ); (The Story of the
Normans,' a historical work; (The King of
Folly Island, and Other People); (Betty Lei-
cester); “Strangers and Wayfarers); (A Native
of Winby, and Other Tales); (The Life of
Nancy); (The Country of the Pointed Firs);
etc. *
Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor. An English
novelist; born at Measham, Derbyshire, 1812;
died in London, Sept. 23, 1880. Her novels,
(Zoë, the History of Two Lives) (1845), “The
Half-Sisters) (1848), (Right or Wrong) (1859),
and others of like charm and interest, met
with success.
Jewsbury, Maria Jane. An English poet
and prose-writer, sister of Geraldine; born in
Measham, Derbyshire, Oct. 25, 1800; died of
cholera at Poonah, India, Oct. 4, 1833. She
wrote Phantasmagoria, or Sketches of Life
and Character,' (1824 ? ) and the fascinating
(Letters to the Young) (1828) during a severe
illness. Her Lays of Leisure Hours) (1829)
attracted general admiration, and her (Three
Histories : the History of an Enthusiast, the
History of a Nonchalant, the History of a
Realist) (1830) ran through four editions. She
married Rev. W. K Fletcher, an Indian mis-
sionary.
Jirásek, Aloys (yê-räs'ek). A Czech novel-
ist; born in Hronov, Bohemia, 1851. His talent
is for the production of faithful and effective
word-paintings of Czech life and character;
( Between the Streams' (Against All, and (In
Foreign Service,' being typical examples.
Joachim, Joseph (yö-ä'kēm). A Swiss story-
writer; born at Kestenholz, near Solothurn,
Jobez, Alphonse (zho-bez'). A French his-
torian and writer on social science; born in
Lons-le-Saulnier, Aug. 1, 1813. His literary rep-
utation dates from the appearance of A Pref-
ace to Socialism, Democracy Is the Unknown,'
and "Woman and the Child, or Poverty En-
tails Oppression. His history of France un-
der Louis XV? is an authority.
Jodelle, Étienne (zho-del). A French dra-
matic poet; born in Paris about 1532; died
there (? ), 1573. At twenty his tragedy of
(Captive Cleopatra) met with almost unpar-
alleled success. It was an imitation of the later
classical models, confused with some of the
methods of Seneca. His later plays, Dido)
and (The Meeting,' were comparative failures.
Jodrell, Richard Paul. An English dram-
atist and scholar; born in Derbyshire (? ), Nov.
13, 1745; died in London, Jan. 26, 1831. He
wrote: (Seeing Is Believing (1786), a good
comedy ; (The Persian Heroine) (1786), a good
tragedy; and Philology of the English Lan-
guage) (1820), a good manual.
John, Eugènie (yön). See Marlitt.
Johnson, Charles Frederick. An American
scholar and author; born in New York city in
1836. He graduated from Yale in 1855; and
is at present a professor of English literature
at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. His works
include (Three Americans and Three English-
men) (1886), and (English Words.
Johnson, Emily Pauline (Tekahionwake).
A Canadian poet; born in the Six Nations
Reserve, Canada. She is of Indian descent.
Her first volume of verse was (The White
Wampum) (1894). Her first sketch, (A Red
Girl's Reasoning,' took a prize in the Cana-
dian Magazine.
Johnson, Helen Kendrick. An American
author; born 1843; is the author of "The Roddy
Books) (3 vols. , 1874-76), and (Raleigh West-
gate) (1889). She edited (Tears for the Little
Ones : Poems and Passages Inspired by the Loss
of Children) (1878); Poems and Songs for
Young People) (1884); and (The Nutshell
Series) (6 vols. , 1885).
Johnson, Oliver. An American editor and
author; born in Peacham, Vt. , Dec. 27, 1809;
died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Dec. 10, 1889. He
was editor of the Independent from 1865 to
1870; became editor of the Christian Union in
1872; was one of the founders of the New
England Anti-Slavery Society in 1832 ; and pub-
lished "William Lloyd Garrison and his Times)
(1880).
Johnson, Robert Underwood. An Ameri-
can poet and editor; born in Washington, D. C. ,
## p. 291 (#307) ############################################
JOHNSON - JOLIN
291
(
Jan. 12, 1853. He is associate editor of the
Century Magazine. His efforts in behalf of
the establishment of international copyright
were recognized by the degree of M. A. , con-
ferred by Yale University in 1891. He edited,
with C. C. Buel, the notable (Battles and Lead-
ers of the Civil War' (1887-88), and has pub-
lished two volumes of poems: (The Winter
Hour and Other Poems (1892); and (Songs of
Liberty) (1897), which volume includes para-
phrases from the Servian after translations by
Nikola Tesla, with a prefatory note by him
on Servian poetry.
Johnson, Rossiter. A distinguished Ameri-
can editor; born in Rochester, N. Y. , Jan.
27, 1840. He was educated there, and edited
the Rochester Democrat jointly with Robert
Carter. From 1869 to 1872 he edited the Con-
cord (N. H. ) Statesman; in 1873-77 was asso-
ciated with George Ripley and Charles A.
Dana in editing the American Cyclopædia';
in 1879-80 aided Sydney Howard Gay in his
History of the United States. In 1883 he be-
came editor of the Annual Cyclopædia. He
devised and edited the series of Little Clas-
sics) (16 vols. , 1874-75; two additional vols. ,
1880; 25th ed. 1887).
Johnson, Samuel. An English critic, essay-
ist, poet, and lexicographer, the most pictur-
esque figure in British literature ; born in Lich-
field, Sept. 18, 1709; died in London, Dec. 13,
1784. His works include : «Voyage to Abys-
sinia) (1735), a translation; (London) (1738);
(Marmor Norfolciense) (1739), an essay; 'Life
of Richard Savage) (1744); (Macbeth) (1745),
an essay; (Plan for a Dictionary) (1747); (Van-
ity of Human Wishes) (1749); "Irene) (1749);
The Rambler (1750-52); The Adventurer pa-
pers (1753); the English Dictionary (1755);
The Idler (1758-60);(Rasselas) (1759); (Shakes-
peare with Notes) (1765); (The False Alarm
(1770); A Journey to the Western Isles of
Scotland! (1775); (Taxation No Tyranny)
(1775); (English Poets) (1779-81). (Collected
Works, il vols. , 1787. ) *
Johnson, Virginia Wales. An American
prose-writer ; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Dec. 28,
1849. Her publications include: (Kettle Club
Series) (1870); (Travels of an American Owl)
(1870); Joseph the Jew) (1873); (A Sack of
Gold) (1874); (The Catskill Fairies) (1875);
(The Calderwood Secret! (1875); (A Foreign
Marriage) (1880); “Tulip Place) (1886); (Miss
Nancy's Pilgrimage) (1887); (The House of
the Musician) (1887).
Johnston, Richard Malcolm. An American
story-writer and essayist; born in Hancock
County, Ga. , March 8, 1822. He studied for
the bar and practiced with distinction, but it
was as an educator that he first attracted at-
tention. His studies of character and manners
in Georgia began to appear shortly after the
Noted for humor and realism are his
Dukesborough Tales, (Old Mark Langston,
and "Ogeechee Cross-Firings. *
Johnston, William Preston. An American
educator and author; born in Louisville, Ky. ,
Jan. 5, 1831. He was a colonel in the Con-
federate army; became a professor in Wash-
ington and Lee Cniversity (1867-77); president
of Louisiana State University (1880-83); and
president of Tulane University (1884). His
works include "Life of General Albert Sid-
ney Johnston) (1878), and (The Prototype of
Hamlet (1890).
Johnstone, Charles. An Irish novelist;
born at Carrigogunnel, Limerick, about 1719 ;
died at Calcutta, India, about 1800. He had
wit and imagination, which he exploited in
(Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea)
(1760–65), «the best scandalous chronicle of
its day; and in History of John Juniper, Esq. ,
alias Juniper Jack) (1781). He emigrated to
India, where he succeeded in journalism.
Johnstone, Christian Isobel. [“Margaret
Dods. ”] A Scottish novelist; born in Fifeshire,
1781; died in Edinburgh, Aug. 26, 1857. She
edited, in association with her husband as pub-
lisher, many periodicals and papers, and wrote
popular tales, notably: (Clan Albin : a National
Tale) (1815), (Elizabeth de Bruce) (1827), “The
Edinburgh Tales) (1845-46), and others, de.
scribed as forceful, brilliant, and entertaining.
She also compiled (The Cook and Housewife's
Manual (1826).
Joinville, Jean, Sieur de (zhwan-vēl). A
noted French chronicler; born in Champagne
in 1224; died there (? ) in 1317 or 1318. He
took part in Louis IX. 's crusade, and on his
return spent his leisure composing his invalu-
able Memoirs,' which embody the important
History of Saint Louis,' sometimes treated as
a separate work.
Jokai, Maurice ( yö'ko-i). A Hungarian
novelist, journalist, and publicist; born in
Komorn, Feb. 19, 1825. Few lives have been
so busy, and few have been enriched with the
accomplishment of so much that is good in
the domain of letters. (The White Rose,
(The Gold Man,' (The Man with the Iron
Heart, (Mine, Thine, His, (Pater Pater,) (The
Poor Rich, and Peter the Priest) (1897), must
be named among his numerous fictions. *
Joliet, Charles (zho-lyā'). A French jour-
nalist, essayist, and miscellaneous writer; born
St. Hippolyte-on-the-Doubs, Aug. 8, 1832.
He has contributed to every periodical of note
in Paris, producing likewise countless volumes,
such as: “The Athenians,' poems; (The Ladies'
Doctor,' a humorous narrative; (The Viper,
a study of woman; (The Story of Two Young
Wives,' a novel; and others, all evincing the
happiest versatility and felicity of style.
Jolin, Johan Kristofer (yo'lin). A Swed-
ish dramatist, novelist, and poet; born in
Stockholm, Dec. 28, 1818; died there, Nov. 13,
1884. His work, which is popular and origi-
nal, includes (Master Smith,' a drama, and
(Vinglaren,' a novel, besides pleasing verse.
(
war.
## p. 292 (#308) ############################################
292
JOLY - JORDAN
chant) (1848); “Wild Western Scenes) (1849);
(The Rival Belles) (1852); Freaks of Fortune)
(1854); A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the
Confederate States Capital (1806).
Jones, Joseph Stevens. An American play-
writer; born in 1811; died in Boston, 1877.
He wrote many plays, some of the best known
being (Solon Shingle); (Eugene Aram); (The
Liberty Tree); Moll Pitcher); (The Silver
Spoon.
Jones, Justin. An American novelist, writ-
ing under the pseudonym Harry Hazel. ”
Among his works are: (The Flying Artillerist)
(1853); “The Yankee Middy) (1865); "Virginia
Graham, the Spy of the Grand Army) (1869);
((
etc.
Joly, Guy (zhô-lē'). A seventeenth-century
French writer of memoirs, who came into some
prominence during the Fronde, and compiled
Memoirs to explain and continue those of the
Cardinal de Retz) (1718),- a curious, readable,
and accurate, yet partisan work.
Jonckbloet, Willem Jozef Andreas (yonk'.
blėt''). A Dutch historian of literature, also
essayist and critic; born at The Hague, July 6,
1817; died in Wiesbaden, Oct. 19, 1885. He is
a conceded authority on Dutch letters, his mas-
terpieces on (The Middle Dutch Epic) (1849),
The History of Middle Dutch Literature)
(1851-54), and (Study of the Romance of Ren-
ard’ (1863), exhausting those subjects; and his
editions of Dutch classics are the standard.
Jones, Amanda Theodosia. An American
poet; born in East Bloomfield, Ontario County,
N. Y. , Oct. 19, 1835. Some of her war songs
were very popular. She published: "Ulah and
Other Poems) (1860); (Atlantis and Other
Poems) (1866); and (A Prairie Idyl, and Other
Poems) (1882).
Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. An American
lawyer and author; born in Savannah, Ga. ,
Oct. 28, 1831 ; died July 19, 1893. He was lieu-
tenant-colonel in the Confederate service dur-
ing the War, afterward removing to New York,
where he practiced law. Among his works
are : Antiquities of the Southern Indians)
(1873); (Siege of Savannah in 1779) (1874);
History of Georgia' (1883).
Jones, Ebenezer. An English poet; born in
Islington, Jan. 20, 1820; died in London (? ),
Sept. 14, 1860. His genius was of the erratic
sort, as ( Studies of Sensation and Event (1843),
a collection of miscellaneous poems, showed.
(Winter Hymn to the Snow, When the World
Is Burning, and (To Death,' are his best-
known pieces. Since his death there has been
a revival of interest in his poetry.
Jones, Ernest Charles. An English poet,
novelist, and agitator; born in Berlin, Jan. 25,
1819; died at Manchester, Jan. 26, 1868.
He
became a leader in the Chartist agitation, to
which he sacrificed a large fortune. His prose
and poetry were inspired by his political opin-
ions; (The Lass and the Lady) (1854) and
"Lord Lindsay) being his best fictions, and
{The Battle Day and Other Poems) (1855) con-
taining his most popular songs.
Jones, Evan. A Welsh poet; born at Bryn-
tynoriad, Sept. 5, 1820; died near Cardiff, Feb.
23, 1852. He was a clergyman, and best known
as leuan Gwynedd, over which name he pro-
duced in his native tongue poems on (The
Huts of Wales, Moses on Mount Pisgah,
(Peace,' and other themes; in addition to
which he edited many periodicals, including Yr
Adolygydd, or National Review.
Jones, John B.
An American journalist and
novelist; born in Baltimore, Md. , in 1810; died
1866. He spent many years in journalism, and
is author of Books of Visions) (1847); Rural
Sports: a Poem (1848); "The Western Mer-
Jonge, Johan Karel Jacob đe (yống'ẻ). A
Dutch historian, son of Johannes; born at The
Hague, June 17, 1827; died there, March 15,
1880. He has studied the colonial history of
his country with effect, as (The Rise of Nether.
land Dominion in the East Indies) (1862-78),
and other works, demonstrate.
Jonge, Johannes Cornelis de. A Dutch
historian; born in Zierikzee, May 9, 1793; died
near Ryswick, June 12, 1853. He has quarried
indefatigably and with rich results in the Neth-
erland vein; "Studies in the History of the
Low Countries) (1825-27) and (The History of
the Dutch Navy) (1833-48) being the best
specimens.
Jonson, Ben A celebrated English dram-
atist; born in London in 1572 or 1573; died
there (? ), Aug. 6, 1637. He was about twenty-
three when he tried dramatic authorship, and
seems to have been only moderately successful
until “Every Man in his Humour) was written,
followed by (Every Man Out of his Humour,
both comedies being the fruit of a wit so clear
and fine that his epitaph “O Rare Ben Jon-
son » fits him well. His poetry is "excellently
bright, and impregnated with the Elizabethan
atmosphere and spirit. *
Jordan, Cornelia Jane Matthews. An Amer-
ican poet; born in Lynchburg, Va. , 1830. She
wrote her poem Corinth) in 1863; it was pub-
lished in 1865; by order of Gen. Alfred H.
Terry, it was seized and burned in the court-
house yard at Lynchburg as objectionable and
incendiary. Her publications include : Flowers
of Hope and Memory) (1861); (Corinth and
Other Poems of the War' (1865); "A Christ.
mas Poem for Children (1865); Richmond:
Her Glory and Her Graves) (1867); Useful
Maxims for a Noble Life (1884).
Jordan, David Starr. An eminent Ameri-
can naturalist; born in Gainesville, N. Y. , Jan.
19, 1851. He graduated from Cornell Univer-
sity in 1872, and has held professorships in
several universities in the West ; was president
of Indiana University from 1885 to 1891; was
elected the first president of Leland Stanford
University (California) in 1891, and is still at
its head. He wrote voluminously on ichthy-
ology. Among his works are: A Manual of
## p. 293 (#309) ############################################
JORDAN — JUAN MANUEL
293
the Vertebrates of the Northern United States)
(1876); A Synoposis of the Fishes of North
America) (1883); (Science Sketches) (1887).
Jordan, Wilhelm (yor'dän). A German poet
and story-writer, and an eminent publicist; born
in Insterburg, Feb. 8, 1819. His early poems
and sketches brought him into trouble with
the authorities; but he managed, notwithstand-
ing, to rise to a position of power in public
life, while as a literary man his eminence has
long been unquestioned. As a poet he voices
his liberal political aspirations through the
medium of a chaste but not severe Muse, Bells
and Cannon' and (Earthly Fantasies) being
characteristic. In fiction he strives to make
propaganda and to demonstrate the necessity
of a higher social state by exposing the evils
of the existing one, and yet he is neither a
revolutionist nor a socialist, as (The Sebalds)
and (Two Cradles) amply prove. Demiurgos,'
a philosophical poem, "The False Prince, a
comedy, and “The Widow of Agis,' a tragedy,
are also his.
Josephus, Flavius (jõ-se'fus). A Jewish his-
torian; born in Jerusalem, 37 A. D. ; died at
Rome about 100 A. D. He was of noble birth,
and bore a conspicuous part in the contests
of his people with the Romans and the imperial
government of Rome, rising finally to great
favor with the Emperor Vespasian and his two
immediate successors. He passed the years of
his literary activity at Rome, living in dignified
ease upon a royal pension and in a luxurious
residence, enjoying also the rights of citizenship.
The products of these favoring circumstances
are the History of the War of the Jews
against the Romans, and of the Fall of Jeru-
salem, the "Judaic Antiquities, and an (Auto-
biography. As an eye-witness of much that
he records, his work merits attention; but it is
the subject of much controversy and doubt. *
Jósika, Baron Nikolaus (yo'she-ko). A Hun-
garian novelist; born in Torda, Transylvania,
April 28, 1794; died at Dresden, Feb. 27, 1865.
The scion of a rich and noble family, he re-
ceived a finished education, entered the army,
and at last became a man of letters. His first
efforts were collected into a volume of Sketches,
and were greatly admired. As a writer of real-
istic and historic fiction he achieved fame with
( The Poet Zrinyi, (The Last of the Bathory,
(Abafi,' and 'A Hungarian Family during the
Period of the Revolution. A profound student
of the life, manners, legends, and antiquities of
his countrymen, gifted with a bewitching style,
rich in invention and perennially enticing in
his plots, he well merits the praises he has won
as the Sir Walter Scott) of the land that
gave him birth.
Joubert, Joseph (zhö-bâr'). A French mor-
alist and writer of aphorisms; born in Mon-
tignac, Périgord, 1754; died at Paris, 1824. The
bulk of his epigrammatic work was published
posthumously under the critical supervision of
Châteaubriand and Raynal, the titles of the
volumes being (Thoughts) and “Thoughts, Es-
says, Maxims, and Correspondence. *
Joubert, Léo. A French biographer and
historical writer; born in Bourdeilles, Dordogne,
Dec. 13, 1826. He is skillful, accurate, and read-
able, as a miscellaneous biographical writer;
and his best studies, Washington and the
Formation of the Republic of the United States
of America) (1888), Alexander the Great)
(1889), and (The Battle of Sedan) (1873), are
popular.
Jouy, Victor Joseph Étienne, called de
(zhö-e'). A French librettist, dramatist, and
descriptive writer; born in Jouy, near Versailles,
1764; died at Paris, Sept. 4, 1846. He entered
upon a military career in connection with the
Revolution and the restoration, and wrote an
opera libretto, (The Vestal,' which won him a
reputation. Ferdinand Cortez) and (William
Tell) came next, followed by "Sylla,' a tragedy.
(The Hermit of the Chaussée d'Antin) is his
best thing in prose. This, and other writings
in similar vein, had once a tremendous vogue
as witty and faithful portraiture of contempo-
rary folly.
Jovanovic, Jovan (yö-vän'-ā-vitch), surnamed
Zmaj. A Servian poet, journalist, humorist,
and dramatist; born in Neusatz, Nov. 24, 1833.
He qualified as a lawyer, but went into jour-
nalism, winning fame throughout Austria and
Hungary as editor and founder of influential
political and satirical sheets. He is called
« Zmaj" or the Dragon," from the name of his
most successful paper. The volume (Withered
Roses) contains the finest verse, and his farce
(Saran) is perennially popular on the Servian
stage.
Jovellanos (Jove-Llanos), Gaspar Melchor
de (HO-vel-ya’nôs). A Spanish dramatist,
prose-writer, and statesman; born in Gijon,
Asturia, Jan. 5, 1744; died at Viloga, Nov. 27,
1811. His political and official career was not
fortunate, although he filled high posts with dis-
tinction. As a writer he was happy; applause
greeting his tragedy of (Pelagius,' founded upon
the fortunes of the famed Asturian king. His
(Orations and Discourses) are the productions
of a finished and talented rhetorician.
Joyce, Robert Dwyer. An Irish poet ; born
in County Limerick, 1836; died in Dublin,
Oct. 23, 1883. In 1866 he came to the United
States. He was a versatile writer of ballads,
songs, and sketches; and contributed to the
Pilot and other Irish journals. His best-known
published works are: (Ballads, Romances, and
Songs) (1872); “Deirdré, an epic poem, which
appeared anonymously as one of the No
Name Series) (1876); Legends of the Wars
in Ireland (1868); (Fireside Stories of Ireland)
(1871); Blanid, a poem (1879); “The Squire
of Castleton.
Juana Inez de la Cruz (kröth). (See Mexi-
can Nun. See also *
Juan Manuel, Don (Hö-än'), Infant of Cas-
tile. A Spanish romancer and poet; born in
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294
JUDD- JUVENAL DES URSINS
Escalona, 1282; died 1347. He was a gallant
knight who lived for love and fought against
the Moors, varying these activities by the
gratification of his literary tastes. His best
work, (Count Lucanor,' is a collection of an-
ecdotes, apologues, and apostrophes to the
gods of love and war, all set down in flowery
style, the Oriental influence being readily dis-
cernible.
Judd, Sylvester. An American novelist,
poet, and theologian; born in Westhampton,
Mass. , July 23, 1813; died at Augusta, Me. ,
Jan. 20, 1853. His remarkable romance (Mar-
garet) will always be remembered. (Richard
Edney) is another romance; “Philo) is a strik-
ing poem; and his discourses on (The Church
were esteemed. *
Judson, Emily Chubbuck. [Fanny For-
rester. ”] An American missionary and writer
of prose and verse; born in Eaton, Madison
County, N. Y. , Aug. 22, 1817; died in Hamil-
ton, N. Y. , June 1, 1854. She wrote : "Charles
Linn) (1841); (The Great Secret! (1842); (Al-
len Lucas) (1843); Alderbrook' (2 vols. , 1846);
(The Kathayan Slave) (1853). Her poems ap-
peared as An Olio of Domestic Verses) (1852).
Among her other works are: (Trippings in
Author Land (1846); “My Two Sisters) (1854);
and a memoir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson
(1850). She married Adoniram Judson, the mis-
sionary, in 1846.
Judson, Harry Pratt. An American scholar
and author; born in New York State in 1849.
He is a professor of political science in the
University of Chicago. His works include:
"Cæsar's Army, a Study of the Military Art of
the Romans) (1888); “Europe in the Nineteenth
Century); (The Growth of the American Na-
tion.
June, Jennie. See Croly.
Junghans, Sophie (yöng'häns). A German
novelist; born in Cassel, Dec. 3, 1845. Her
literary career began with the production of
short stories and verses; with the appearance
of "Käthe, the Story of a Modern Maid,' and
(The House of Eckberg,' a study of life dur-
ing the Thirty Years' War, she attracted at-
tention. Her novels, while analytical, and per-
spicuous where plot is concerned, are strong in
style and interesting in incident; (The Amer-
ican [Woman ], (A Riddle, (An Heiress
Against her Will,' and others, exemplifying
these qualities pre-eminently.
Jung-Stilling (yöng-stil'ing), called Johann
Heinrich Jung. A German writer of fiction
and autobiography; born in Grund, near Nas-
sau, Sept. 12, 1740; died at Karlsruhe, April 2,
1817. He was of very humble origin, reared
in a narrow and simply pious environment,
and sent out into the world for a livelihood;
but his eager mind turned thirstily to study,
and he worked his way to learning. The nov-
els with which he began his literary career,
(The Story of Florentin von Fahlendorn,' «The
Story of the Lord of Morgenthau,' and oth-
ers, are chronicles of his career at various
stages; but he worked the field at its richest
in the series of “Stilling ” autobiographies,
(Heinrich Stilling's Youth, Heinrich Stilling's
Wanderings, and the prolific cycle of their
successors. The author recounts the incidents
and the experiences of his life in these nomi-
nal fictions with a realistic power that has sel-
dom been surpassed.
Junius. See Francis.
Junot, Madame (zhö-no'), pseudonym of
Laurette de St. Martin-Permon, Duchess of
Abrantes; born in Montpellier, 1784; died at
Paris, June 6(? ), 1838. She married one of
Napoleon's generals, and after his death was
compelled, by tinancial embarrassments, to take
up literature. Recollections of Napoleon, the
Revolution, the Directory, the Consulate, the
Empire, and the Restoration,' is her most per-
manent work.
Junqueira Freire, Luiz José (Hön-kāyörä
frāy'rā). A Brazilian poet; born in Bahia,
Dec. 31, 1832; died there (? ), June 24, 1855.
He manifested a spiritual purity of mind and
heart that drew the attention of his religious
instructors while he was yet a boy; and at
nineteen years of age he took religious vows,
but almost immediately learned that he had
mistaken his vocation. He obtained a release
from his vows in three years' time, after a
period of such agony of soul that we owe to
it the most profoundly moving verses in which
the breaking of a human heart is recorded, -
his (Inspirations of the Cloister. ' He died at
twenty-three, the regret and the delight of his
country.
Jusserand, Jean Jules (zhüs-rän). A
French historian of literature, and diplomat;
born in Lyons, Feb. 18, 1855. He has made a
specialty of the Elizabethan age, and of the liter-
ature of England in the Middle Ages; his most
brilliant studies being "The English Theatre,
from the Conquest to the Immediate Predecessors
of Shakespeare, (The Novel in the Time of
Shakespeare,' and (The English Novel! !
Juvenal (jö'ven-al). (Decimus Junius Ju-
venalis. ) A Latin poet; born at Aquinum
about 60 A. D. ; died about 140 A. D. Sixteen
of his satires, in fi e books, are extant. *
Juvenal des Ursins, Jean See Ursins.
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KAALUND- KĀLIDÅSA
295
K
woman.
Kaalund, Hans Vilhelm (käʼlönd). A Dan.
ish poet ; born at Copenhagen, 1818; died 1885.
After making futile attempts at sculpture and
painting, a fortunate poem in honor of Thor-
waldsen (1838) turned him to literature. Though
he had published before, ' Et Foraar' (A Spring-
tide), a collection of his best poems old and
new, which, while not of great scope, were grace-
ful and musical, brought him his first success.
Fulvia) (1875), a fine drama depicting the
struggles of the early Christians, contained many
lyrics,- a fault in a play intended for the stage ;
though, altered, it was successfully acted in 1880.
"En Eftervaar) (Return of Spring : 1877) de-
serves mention. He excelled in satirical fables,
his being the best Denmark has produced.
Ka'b ibn Zahir (käb ibn zä'hér). A noted
Arabic poet ; contemporaneous with Mahomet.
His father was author of one of the famous
seven (Mu 'allakát' (prize poems). After lam-
pooning his own brother and Mahomet, and
being outlawed by the latter, Ka'b composed a
eulogy on him, (The Poem of the Mantle, his
best-known work. It was translated into Eng-
lish by Redhouse in 1880.
Kacic-Miogic, Andrija (kä-chich-me-o-shich).
A Croatian poet; born at Brist, Dalmatia, 1690 ;
died at Zaostrog, 1760. He performed for his
country a service similar to that of Percy in
his ‘Reliques) to England, or of Allan Ramsay
in his Evergreen' or (Tea-Table Miscellany)
to Scotland, in publishing Recreations of the
Slavonic People' (1756). This was an anthol-
ogy of popular songs which he collected or
adapted, celebrating the exploits of South-Slavic
heroes from the earliest times. Many editions
have appeared, and it is popular to-day with the
Southern Slavs.
Kaden, Woldemar (kä'den). A German au-
thor and translator; born at Dresden, Feb. 9,
1838. He filled the chair of German language
and literature in the University of Naples, but
resigned in 1882. He has traveled extensively
in Italy, and his writings treat almost exclus-
ively of that country. Prominent among them
are : (Wanderings in Italy) (1874); (Under the
Olives) (1880); 'Pompeiian Tales) (1882); (Ital-
ian Sketches and Pictures of Civilization)
(1889); "Italian Plaster Casts) (1891).
Kaempfen, Albert (kem'pfen). A French
novelist and journalist; born at Versailles, April
15. 1826.
He wrote under the pseudonyms
"Feyrnet," (Henrys," "Henri Este. His ro-
mance (The Cup of Tea) (1866), and the humor-
ous work (Paris, the Capital of the World
(1877), may be mentioned.
Kaempfer, Engelbert. A German physician
and historian; born at Lemgo, Westphalia, in
1651; died there, Nov. 2, 1716. As secretary of
legation in the Swedish diplomatic service he
visited Russia and Tartary; and later, having
joined the Dutch East India Company, visited
Arabia, Siam, and Japan. In the latter country
he remained two years exploring it. The re-
sults of his investigations are given in his
accurate and reliable History of Japan and
Siam, published in English (1727), and after-
wards in Latin, Dutch, French, and German.
Kaiser, Friedrich (ki'zer). A German hu-
morous writer; born at Biberach, April 3, 1814;
died at Vienna, Nov. 7, 1874.
