A king of Maure Mauretania, which some writers
describe
as if
tania, who acted a prominent part in the war of Caesar had then raised them to this dignity.
tania, who acted a prominent part in the war of Caesar had then raised them to this dignity.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
The
in his Synodicon, vol. ii. part. 2. The "matrimonial most distinguished among the Iceni were deprived
questions” of Blastares, printed in Leunclar. Jur. of their property, and the relatives of the late king
Graeco-Rom. , are often enumerated as a distinct treated as slaves. These outrages were com-
work from the Syntagma, but in reality they come mitted by Roman soldiers and veterans under the
under the head rámos. At the end of the Pèrc connivance of their officers, who not only took no
Goar's edition of Codinus is a treatise, written in measures to stop their proceedings, but Catus De-
popular verses ( FOMITIKOL orixou), concerning cianus was the most notorious of all by his extor-
the offices of the Palace of Constantinople, by tion and avarice. At last, in A. D 62, Boadicca, a
Matthaeus, monk, fúrns, and physician. The woman of manly spirit and undaunted courage,
author may possibly be no other than Blastares. was roused to revenge. She induced the Iceni to
(Biener, Gesch. der Novv. pp. 218–222 ; Walter, take up arms against their oppressors, and also
Kirchenrecht. $ 79. )
(J. T. G. ] prevailed upon the Trinobantes and other neigh-
BLEMMIDAS. [NICEPHORUS BLEMMIVAS. ) bouring tribes to join them. While the legate
BLEPAEUS (BAeraios ), a rich banker at Paulinus Suetonius was absent on an expedition
Athens in the time of Demosthenes, who was also to the island of Mona, Camalodunum, a recently
mentioned in one of the comedies of Alexis. (Dem. established colony of veterans, was attacked by
c. Meid.
583. 17, c. Boeot. de Dot. p. 1023. 19; the Britons. The colony solicited the aid of Catus
Athen. vi. p. 241, b. )
Decianus, who however was unable to send them
BLESAMIUS, & Galatian, a friend and more than 200 men, and these had not even regular
minister of Deiotarus, by whom he was sent as arms. Camalodunum was taken and destroyed by
ambassador to Rome, where he was when Cicero fire, and the soldiers, who took refuge in a temple
defended his master, B. C. 45. (Cic. pro Deiot. 12, which formed the arx of the place, were besieged
14, 15. ) Blesamius was also in Rome in the fol- for two days, and then made prisoners. Petilius
lowing year, 44. (Cic. ad Att. xvi. 3. )
Cerealis, the legate of the ninth legion, who was
BLITOR (BAITWp), satrap of Mesopotamia, was advancing to relieve Camalodunum, was met by
deprived of his satrapy by Antigonus in B. c. 316, the Britons, and, after the loss of his infantry,
because he had allowed Seleucus to escape from escaped with the cavalry to his fortified camp.
Babylon to Egypt in that year. (Appian, Syr. Catus Decianus, who in reality bore all the guilt,
53. )
made bis escape to Gaul; but Suetonius Paulinus,
BLO'SIUS or BLO'SSIUS, the name of a who had been informed of what was going on, had
noble family in Campania.
returned by this time, and forced his way through
1. F. Marius BLosius, was Campanian praetor the midst of the enemies as far as the colony of
when Capua revolted from the Romans and joined Londinium. As soon as he had left it, it was
Hannibal in B. c. 216. (Liv. xxiii. 7. )
taken by the Britons, and the municipium of Ve
2. Blosii, two brothers in Capua, were the rulamium soon after experienced the same fate : in
ringleaders in an attempted revolt of Capua from these places nearly 70,000 Romans and Roman
the Romans in B. c. 210 ; but the design was dis- allies were slain with cruel tortures. Suetonius
covered, and the Blosii and their associates put to saw that a battle could no longer be deferred. His
death. (Liv. xxvii. 3. )
forces consisted of only about 10,000 men, while
3. C. BLosius, of Cumae, a hospes of Scaerola's those of the Britons under Boadicea are said to
family, was an intimate friend of Ti. Gracchus, have amounted to 230,000. On the day of the
whom he is said to have urged on to bring forward battle, the queen rode in a chariot with her two
his agrarian law. After the death of Ti. Gracchus daughters before her, and commanded her army in
he was accused before the consuls in B. C. 132, on person. She harangued her soldiers, reminded
account of his participation in the schemes of them of the wrongs inflicted upon Britain by the
Gracchus, and fearing the issue he fled to Aristo- Romans, and roused their courage against the com-
nicus, king of Pergamus, who was then at war mon enemy.
But the Britons were conquered by
with the Romans. When Aristonicus was con- the greater military skill and the favourable posi-
quered shortly afterwards, Blosius put an end to tion of the Romans. About 80,000 Bri:ons are
his own life for fear of falling into the hands of the said to have fallen on that day, and the Romans
Romans. Blosius had paid considerable attention to have lost no more than 400. Boadicca would
to the study of philosophy, and was a disciple of not survive this irreparable loss, and put an end ic
## p. 494 (#514) ############################################
494
BOCCITUS.
BOEDROMIUS.
her life by poison. Her body was interred with they proceeded to Rome, where hopes of an alli-
great soleninity by the Britons, who then dispersed. ance and the friendship of the Roman people were
This victory, which Tacitus declares equal to the held out to them. When Bocchus was informed
great victories of ancient times, finally established of this, he requested an interview with Sulla.
the Roman dominion in Britain. (Tac. Ann. xiv. This being granted, Sulla tried to persuade Boc-
31-37, Agric. 15, 16; Dion Cass. lxii. 1-12. ) [L. S. ) chus to deliver up Jugurtha into the hands of
BOCCHAR. 1. A king of the Mauri in the the Romans. At the same time, however, Ju-
time of MASINISSA, B. C. 204. (Liv. xxix. 30. ) gurtha also endcavoured to induce him to betray
2. A general of Syphax, who sent him against Sulla, and these clashing proposals made Bocchus
Masinissa, B. c. 204. (Liv. xxix. 32. ) [P. S. ] hesitate for a while ; but he at last determined to
BO'CCHORIS (Bók xopus), an Egyptian king comply with the wish of Sulin. Jugurtha was ac-
and legislator, who was distinguished for his wiscordingly invited to negotiate for peace, and when
dom, avarice, and bodily weakness. His laws he arrived, was treacherously taken prisoner, and
related chiefly to the prerogatives of the king and delivered up to Sulla, B. C. 106. According to
to pecuniary obligations. (Diod. i. 94. ) From his some accounts, Jugurtha had come as a fugitive to
not being mentioned by Herodotus, it has been Bocchus, and was then handed over to the Romans.
conjectured that he was identical with Asychis. Bocchus was rewarded for his treachery by an alli-
(Herod. ii. 136. ) Eusebius places him alone in the ance with Rome, and he was even allowed to dedi-
twenty-fourth dynasty, calls him a Saïte, and says cate in the Capitol statues of Victory and golden
that, after reigning forty-four years, he was taken images of Jugurtha representing him in the act of
prisoner and burnt by Sabacon. (Chron. Arm. pp. being delivered up to Sulla. (Sall. Jug. 19, 80-
104, 318, Mai and Zohrab; compare Syncellus, 120; Appian, Numid. 3, 4; Liv. Epil. 66; Dion
pp. 74, b. , 184, c. ) According to Wilkinson, he Cass. Fragm. Reimar. n. 168, 169; Eutrop. ir.
began to reign B. C. 812; he was the son and suc- 27 ; Florus, iii. l; Oros. v. 15; Vell. Pat. ii. 12;
cessor of Turphachthus ; and his name on the mo Plut. Mar. 10, 32, Sull. 3. )
numents is Pehor, Bakhor, or Amun-se-Pehor. 2. Probably a son of the preceding, and a bro-
(Ancient Egyptians, i. pp. 130, 138. ) In the Ar- ther of Bogud, who is expressly called a son of
menian copy of Eusebius his name is spelt Boccha- Bocchus I. (Oros. v. 21. ) These two brothers for
ris, in Syncellus Bóxxwpis. (See also Aelian, Hist. a time possessed the kingdom of Mauretania in
An. xii. 3; Tac. Hist. v. 3 ; Athen. x. p. 418, f. , common, and, being hostile to the Pompeian party,
where his father is called Neochabis. ) [P. S. ) J. Caesar confirmed them, in B. C. 49, as kings of
BOCCHUS (Bókxos). 1.
A king of Maure Mauretania, which some writers describe as if
tania, who acted a prominent part in the war of Caesar had then raised them to this dignity. In
the Romans against Jugurtha. He was a barba- Caesar's African war, Bocchus was of great service,
rian without any principles, assuming alternately by taking Cirta, the capital of Juba, king of Nu-
the appearance of a friend of Jugurtha and of the midia, and thus compelling him to abandon the
Romans, as his momentary inclination or avarice cause of Scipio. Caesar rewarded him with a por-
dictated; but he ended his prevarication by be- tion of the dominions of Masinissa, the ally of
traying Jugurtha to the Romans. In B. c. 108, Juba, which however was taken from him, after
Jugurtha, who was then hard pressed by the pro- the death of Caesar, by Arabion, the son of Masi-
consul Q. Metellus, applied for assistance to Boc- nissa. There is a statement in Dion Cassius (xliii.
chus, whose daughter was his wife. Bocchus com- | 36), that, in B. C. 45, Bocchus sent his sons to
plied the more readily with this request, since at Spain to join Cn. Pompey. If this is true, it can
the beginning of the war he had made offers of only be accounted for by the supposition, that
alliance and friendship to the Romans, which had Bocchus was induced by jealousy of his brother
been rejected. But when Q. Metellus also sent an Bogud to desert the cause of Caesar and join the
embassy to him at the same time, Bocchus entered enemy; for all we know of the two brothers
into negotiations with him likewise, and in conse- shews that the good understanding between them
quence of this the war against Jugurtha was al had ceased. During the civil war between Antony
most suspended so long as Q. Metellus had the and Octavianus, Bocchus sided with the latter,
command. When in B. c. 107, C. Marius caine to while Bogud was in alliance with Antony. When
Africa as the successor of Metellus, Bocchus sent Bogud was in Spain, B. c. 38, Bocchus usurped the
several embassies to him, expressing his desire to sole gorernment of Mauretanin, in which he was
enter into friendly relations with Rome; but when afterwards confirmed by Octavianus. He died
at the same time Jugurtha promised Bocchus the about B. C. 33, whereupon his kingdom became a
third part of Numidia, and C. Marius ravaged the Roman prorince. (Dion Cass. xli. 42, xliii. 3, 36,
portion of Bocchus's dominion which he had for- xlviii. 45, xlix. 43; Appian, B. c. ii. 96, iv. 54,
merly taken from Jugurtha, Bocchus accepted the v. 26; Hirt. B. Afr. 25 ; Strab. xvii. p. 828. ) [L. S. )
proposal of Jugurtha, and joined him with a large BODON (Bbwv), an ancient hero, from whom
force. The two kings thus united made an attack the Thessalian town of Bodone derived its name.
upon the Romans, but were defeated in two suc- (Steph. Byz. 8. v. Bwduvn. )
(L. S. ]
cessive engagements. Hereupon, Bocchus again BODUOGNA'TUS, á leader of the Nerrii
sent an embassy to Marius, requesting him to des- in their war against Caesar, B. c. 57. (Caes. B. G.
patch two of his most trustworthy officers to him, i. 23. )
that he might negotiate with them. Marius ac- BOEBUS (Bolbos), a son of Glaphyrus, from
cordingly sent his quaestor, Sulla, and A. Manlius, whom the Thessalian town of Boebe derived its
who succeded in effecting a decided change in the name. (Steph. Byz. 8. v. Bo167. ) (L. S. ]
king's mind. Soon after, Bocchus despatched ambas- BOEDROMIUS (Bonopóuios), the helper in
sadors to Rome, but they fell into the hands of the distress, a surname of Apollo at Athens, the origin
Gaetuli, and having made their escape into the of which is explained in different ways. Accord-
camp of Sulla, who received the very hospitably, | ing to some, the god was thus called because he
## p. 495 (#515) ############################################
BOETHIUS.
4. 95
BOETHIUS.
hnd assisted the Athenians in the war with the | (Cassiod. Ep. i. 10), for a sun-dial and water-
Amazons, who were defcated on the seventh of clock for Gundebald, king of the Burgundians (ib.
Boëdromion, the day on which the Boëdromia were i. 45), and for the recommendation of a good mu-
afterwards celebrated. (Plut. Thes. 27. ) According sician to Clovis, king of the Franks. (10. ii. 40. )
to others, the name arose from the circumstance, And he reached the height of his prosperity when,
that in the war of Erechthens and lon against on the inauguration of his two sons in the consu-
Euniolpus, Apollo had advised the Athenians to late, A. D. 522, after pronouncing a panegyric on
rushi upon the enemy with a war-shout (Bon), if | Theodoric, he distributed a largess to the Roman
they would conquer. (Harpocrat. , Suid. , Etym. M. populace in the games of the circus. (Consol. Phil.
s. v. Bondpóulos; Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 69. ) (L. S. ) . 3. )
BOEO (Boiw), an ancient poctess of Delphi, This happiness was suddenly orercast. He bad
composed a hymn of which Pausanias (x. 5. $ 4) resolved, on his entrance into public life, to carry
has preserved four lines. Athenaeus (ix. p. 393, out the saying of Plato, “that the world would
e. ) cites a work, apparently a poem, entitled only be happy when kings became philosophers, or
'OpviBoyovla, which seems to have contained an philosophers became kings. ” He protected and
account of the myths of men who had been turned relieved the provincials from the public and private
into birds, but he was doubtful whether it was rapine to which they were exposed, defended the
written by a poetess Boco or a poet Boeus (Boios): Campanians against the praefect of the praetorium,
Antoninus Liberalis, however, quotes it (cc. 3, saved Paulinus from the dogs of the palace," and
7, and ll, &c. ) as the work of Boeus. The restrained the oppressions of the barbarian officers,
name of Boeo occurs in a list of seers given by Triguilla and Conigastus. (Consol. Phil, i. 4. ) This
Clemens Alexandrinus. (Strom. i. p. 333, d. , ed. unflinching integrity naturally provoked enmity in
Paris, 1629. )
the court of Theodoric; and the boldness with
BOEOʻTÚS (Bowtós), a son of Poseidon or which he pleaded the cause of Albinus, when ac-
Itonus and Arne (Antiope or Melanippe), and cused of treason by the informer Cyprianus, seems
brother of Aeolus. [AEOLUS, No. 3. ) He was to have been the plea on which Gaudentius, Opilio,
the ancestral hero of the Bocotians, who derived and Basilius charged him and Symmachus with
their name from him. (Paus. ix. 1. $ 1. ) (L. S. ] the intention of delivering Rome from the barba-
BOE'THIUS, whose full name was ANICIUS rian yoke,—to which was added the charge of
Manlius SEVERINUS Boethius (to which a few sacrilege or magic. A sentence of confiscation and
MSS. of his works add the name of Torquatus, and death was passed against him unheard (Consol.
commentators prefix by conjecture the praenomen Phil. i. 4), and he was imprisoned at Ticinum in
Flavius from his father's consulship in A. D. 487), the baptistry of the church, which was to be seen at
a Roman statesman and author, and remarkable as Pavia till 1584 (Tiraboschi, vol. iii. lib. i. c. 4), dur-
standing at the close of the classical and the com- ing which time he wrote his book “ De Consolatione
mencement of scholastic philosophy. He was Philosophiae. ” He was executed at Calvenzano (in
born between A. D. 470 and 475 (as is inferred agro Calventiano) (Anonym. Vales. p. 36), or ac-
from Consol. Phil. i. 1). The Anician family bad cording to the general belief, at Ticinum, by behead-
for the two preceding centuries been the most il- ing (Anast. Vit. Pontif. in Juanne I. ; Aimoin. Hist.
lustrious in Rome (see Gibbon, c. 31), and several Franc. ii. 1), or (according to Anonym. Vales. p. 36)
of its members have been reckoned amongst the by the torture of a cord drawn round his head tilí
direct ancestors of Boëthius. But the only con- the eyes were forced from their sockets, and then by
jecture worth notice is that which makes his grand-beating with clubs till he expired. Symmachus
father to have been the Flavius Boëthius murdered was also beheaded, and Rusticiana reduced to po-
by Valentinian III. A. D. 455. His father was verty, till Amalasontha, widow of Theodoric and
probably the consul of A. D. 487, and died in the regent during her son's minority, replaced his sta-
childhood of his son, who was then brought up by tues and restored to her bis confiscated property.
some of the chief men at Rome, amongst whom (Procop. Goth. i. 2, Anec. 10; Jornand. Rel. Gel. 89. )
were probably Festus and Symmachus.
in his Synodicon, vol. ii. part. 2. The "matrimonial most distinguished among the Iceni were deprived
questions” of Blastares, printed in Leunclar. Jur. of their property, and the relatives of the late king
Graeco-Rom. , are often enumerated as a distinct treated as slaves. These outrages were com-
work from the Syntagma, but in reality they come mitted by Roman soldiers and veterans under the
under the head rámos. At the end of the Pèrc connivance of their officers, who not only took no
Goar's edition of Codinus is a treatise, written in measures to stop their proceedings, but Catus De-
popular verses ( FOMITIKOL orixou), concerning cianus was the most notorious of all by his extor-
the offices of the Palace of Constantinople, by tion and avarice. At last, in A. D 62, Boadicca, a
Matthaeus, monk, fúrns, and physician. The woman of manly spirit and undaunted courage,
author may possibly be no other than Blastares. was roused to revenge. She induced the Iceni to
(Biener, Gesch. der Novv. pp. 218–222 ; Walter, take up arms against their oppressors, and also
Kirchenrecht. $ 79. )
(J. T. G. ] prevailed upon the Trinobantes and other neigh-
BLEMMIDAS. [NICEPHORUS BLEMMIVAS. ) bouring tribes to join them. While the legate
BLEPAEUS (BAeraios ), a rich banker at Paulinus Suetonius was absent on an expedition
Athens in the time of Demosthenes, who was also to the island of Mona, Camalodunum, a recently
mentioned in one of the comedies of Alexis. (Dem. established colony of veterans, was attacked by
c. Meid.
583. 17, c. Boeot. de Dot. p. 1023. 19; the Britons. The colony solicited the aid of Catus
Athen. vi. p. 241, b. )
Decianus, who however was unable to send them
BLESAMIUS, & Galatian, a friend and more than 200 men, and these had not even regular
minister of Deiotarus, by whom he was sent as arms. Camalodunum was taken and destroyed by
ambassador to Rome, where he was when Cicero fire, and the soldiers, who took refuge in a temple
defended his master, B. C. 45. (Cic. pro Deiot. 12, which formed the arx of the place, were besieged
14, 15. ) Blesamius was also in Rome in the fol- for two days, and then made prisoners. Petilius
lowing year, 44. (Cic. ad Att. xvi. 3. )
Cerealis, the legate of the ninth legion, who was
BLITOR (BAITWp), satrap of Mesopotamia, was advancing to relieve Camalodunum, was met by
deprived of his satrapy by Antigonus in B. c. 316, the Britons, and, after the loss of his infantry,
because he had allowed Seleucus to escape from escaped with the cavalry to his fortified camp.
Babylon to Egypt in that year. (Appian, Syr. Catus Decianus, who in reality bore all the guilt,
53. )
made bis escape to Gaul; but Suetonius Paulinus,
BLO'SIUS or BLO'SSIUS, the name of a who had been informed of what was going on, had
noble family in Campania.
returned by this time, and forced his way through
1. F. Marius BLosius, was Campanian praetor the midst of the enemies as far as the colony of
when Capua revolted from the Romans and joined Londinium. As soon as he had left it, it was
Hannibal in B. c. 216. (Liv. xxiii. 7. )
taken by the Britons, and the municipium of Ve
2. Blosii, two brothers in Capua, were the rulamium soon after experienced the same fate : in
ringleaders in an attempted revolt of Capua from these places nearly 70,000 Romans and Roman
the Romans in B. c. 210 ; but the design was dis- allies were slain with cruel tortures. Suetonius
covered, and the Blosii and their associates put to saw that a battle could no longer be deferred. His
death. (Liv. xxvii. 3. )
forces consisted of only about 10,000 men, while
3. C. BLosius, of Cumae, a hospes of Scaerola's those of the Britons under Boadicea are said to
family, was an intimate friend of Ti. Gracchus, have amounted to 230,000. On the day of the
whom he is said to have urged on to bring forward battle, the queen rode in a chariot with her two
his agrarian law. After the death of Ti. Gracchus daughters before her, and commanded her army in
he was accused before the consuls in B. C. 132, on person. She harangued her soldiers, reminded
account of his participation in the schemes of them of the wrongs inflicted upon Britain by the
Gracchus, and fearing the issue he fled to Aristo- Romans, and roused their courage against the com-
nicus, king of Pergamus, who was then at war mon enemy.
But the Britons were conquered by
with the Romans. When Aristonicus was con- the greater military skill and the favourable posi-
quered shortly afterwards, Blosius put an end to tion of the Romans. About 80,000 Bri:ons are
his own life for fear of falling into the hands of the said to have fallen on that day, and the Romans
Romans. Blosius had paid considerable attention to have lost no more than 400. Boadicca would
to the study of philosophy, and was a disciple of not survive this irreparable loss, and put an end ic
## p. 494 (#514) ############################################
494
BOCCITUS.
BOEDROMIUS.
her life by poison. Her body was interred with they proceeded to Rome, where hopes of an alli-
great soleninity by the Britons, who then dispersed. ance and the friendship of the Roman people were
This victory, which Tacitus declares equal to the held out to them. When Bocchus was informed
great victories of ancient times, finally established of this, he requested an interview with Sulla.
the Roman dominion in Britain. (Tac. Ann. xiv. This being granted, Sulla tried to persuade Boc-
31-37, Agric. 15, 16; Dion Cass. lxii. 1-12. ) [L. S. ) chus to deliver up Jugurtha into the hands of
BOCCHAR. 1. A king of the Mauri in the the Romans. At the same time, however, Ju-
time of MASINISSA, B. C. 204. (Liv. xxix. 30. ) gurtha also endcavoured to induce him to betray
2. A general of Syphax, who sent him against Sulla, and these clashing proposals made Bocchus
Masinissa, B. c. 204. (Liv. xxix. 32. ) [P. S. ] hesitate for a while ; but he at last determined to
BO'CCHORIS (Bók xopus), an Egyptian king comply with the wish of Sulin. Jugurtha was ac-
and legislator, who was distinguished for his wiscordingly invited to negotiate for peace, and when
dom, avarice, and bodily weakness. His laws he arrived, was treacherously taken prisoner, and
related chiefly to the prerogatives of the king and delivered up to Sulla, B. C. 106. According to
to pecuniary obligations. (Diod. i. 94. ) From his some accounts, Jugurtha had come as a fugitive to
not being mentioned by Herodotus, it has been Bocchus, and was then handed over to the Romans.
conjectured that he was identical with Asychis. Bocchus was rewarded for his treachery by an alli-
(Herod. ii. 136. ) Eusebius places him alone in the ance with Rome, and he was even allowed to dedi-
twenty-fourth dynasty, calls him a Saïte, and says cate in the Capitol statues of Victory and golden
that, after reigning forty-four years, he was taken images of Jugurtha representing him in the act of
prisoner and burnt by Sabacon. (Chron. Arm. pp. being delivered up to Sulla. (Sall. Jug. 19, 80-
104, 318, Mai and Zohrab; compare Syncellus, 120; Appian, Numid. 3, 4; Liv. Epil. 66; Dion
pp. 74, b. , 184, c. ) According to Wilkinson, he Cass. Fragm. Reimar. n. 168, 169; Eutrop. ir.
began to reign B. C. 812; he was the son and suc- 27 ; Florus, iii. l; Oros. v. 15; Vell. Pat. ii. 12;
cessor of Turphachthus ; and his name on the mo Plut. Mar. 10, 32, Sull. 3. )
numents is Pehor, Bakhor, or Amun-se-Pehor. 2. Probably a son of the preceding, and a bro-
(Ancient Egyptians, i. pp. 130, 138. ) In the Ar- ther of Bogud, who is expressly called a son of
menian copy of Eusebius his name is spelt Boccha- Bocchus I. (Oros. v. 21. ) These two brothers for
ris, in Syncellus Bóxxwpis. (See also Aelian, Hist. a time possessed the kingdom of Mauretania in
An. xii. 3; Tac. Hist. v. 3 ; Athen. x. p. 418, f. , common, and, being hostile to the Pompeian party,
where his father is called Neochabis. ) [P. S. ) J. Caesar confirmed them, in B. C. 49, as kings of
BOCCHUS (Bókxos). 1.
A king of Maure Mauretania, which some writers describe as if
tania, who acted a prominent part in the war of Caesar had then raised them to this dignity. In
the Romans against Jugurtha. He was a barba- Caesar's African war, Bocchus was of great service,
rian without any principles, assuming alternately by taking Cirta, the capital of Juba, king of Nu-
the appearance of a friend of Jugurtha and of the midia, and thus compelling him to abandon the
Romans, as his momentary inclination or avarice cause of Scipio. Caesar rewarded him with a por-
dictated; but he ended his prevarication by be- tion of the dominions of Masinissa, the ally of
traying Jugurtha to the Romans. In B. c. 108, Juba, which however was taken from him, after
Jugurtha, who was then hard pressed by the pro- the death of Caesar, by Arabion, the son of Masi-
consul Q. Metellus, applied for assistance to Boc- nissa. There is a statement in Dion Cassius (xliii.
chus, whose daughter was his wife. Bocchus com- | 36), that, in B. C. 45, Bocchus sent his sons to
plied the more readily with this request, since at Spain to join Cn. Pompey. If this is true, it can
the beginning of the war he had made offers of only be accounted for by the supposition, that
alliance and friendship to the Romans, which had Bocchus was induced by jealousy of his brother
been rejected. But when Q. Metellus also sent an Bogud to desert the cause of Caesar and join the
embassy to him at the same time, Bocchus entered enemy; for all we know of the two brothers
into negotiations with him likewise, and in conse- shews that the good understanding between them
quence of this the war against Jugurtha was al had ceased. During the civil war between Antony
most suspended so long as Q. Metellus had the and Octavianus, Bocchus sided with the latter,
command. When in B. c. 107, C. Marius caine to while Bogud was in alliance with Antony. When
Africa as the successor of Metellus, Bocchus sent Bogud was in Spain, B. c. 38, Bocchus usurped the
several embassies to him, expressing his desire to sole gorernment of Mauretanin, in which he was
enter into friendly relations with Rome; but when afterwards confirmed by Octavianus. He died
at the same time Jugurtha promised Bocchus the about B. C. 33, whereupon his kingdom became a
third part of Numidia, and C. Marius ravaged the Roman prorince. (Dion Cass. xli. 42, xliii. 3, 36,
portion of Bocchus's dominion which he had for- xlviii. 45, xlix. 43; Appian, B. c. ii. 96, iv. 54,
merly taken from Jugurtha, Bocchus accepted the v. 26; Hirt. B. Afr. 25 ; Strab. xvii. p. 828. ) [L. S. )
proposal of Jugurtha, and joined him with a large BODON (Bbwv), an ancient hero, from whom
force. The two kings thus united made an attack the Thessalian town of Bodone derived its name.
upon the Romans, but were defeated in two suc- (Steph. Byz. 8. v. Bwduvn. )
(L. S. ]
cessive engagements. Hereupon, Bocchus again BODUOGNA'TUS, á leader of the Nerrii
sent an embassy to Marius, requesting him to des- in their war against Caesar, B. c. 57. (Caes. B. G.
patch two of his most trustworthy officers to him, i. 23. )
that he might negotiate with them. Marius ac- BOEBUS (Bolbos), a son of Glaphyrus, from
cordingly sent his quaestor, Sulla, and A. Manlius, whom the Thessalian town of Boebe derived its
who succeded in effecting a decided change in the name. (Steph. Byz. 8. v. Bo167. ) (L. S. ]
king's mind. Soon after, Bocchus despatched ambas- BOEDROMIUS (Bonopóuios), the helper in
sadors to Rome, but they fell into the hands of the distress, a surname of Apollo at Athens, the origin
Gaetuli, and having made their escape into the of which is explained in different ways. Accord-
camp of Sulla, who received the very hospitably, | ing to some, the god was thus called because he
## p. 495 (#515) ############################################
BOETHIUS.
4. 95
BOETHIUS.
hnd assisted the Athenians in the war with the | (Cassiod. Ep. i. 10), for a sun-dial and water-
Amazons, who were defcated on the seventh of clock for Gundebald, king of the Burgundians (ib.
Boëdromion, the day on which the Boëdromia were i. 45), and for the recommendation of a good mu-
afterwards celebrated. (Plut. Thes. 27. ) According sician to Clovis, king of the Franks. (10. ii. 40. )
to others, the name arose from the circumstance, And he reached the height of his prosperity when,
that in the war of Erechthens and lon against on the inauguration of his two sons in the consu-
Euniolpus, Apollo had advised the Athenians to late, A. D. 522, after pronouncing a panegyric on
rushi upon the enemy with a war-shout (Bon), if | Theodoric, he distributed a largess to the Roman
they would conquer. (Harpocrat. , Suid. , Etym. M. populace in the games of the circus. (Consol. Phil.
s. v. Bondpóulos; Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 69. ) (L. S. ) . 3. )
BOEO (Boiw), an ancient poctess of Delphi, This happiness was suddenly orercast. He bad
composed a hymn of which Pausanias (x. 5. $ 4) resolved, on his entrance into public life, to carry
has preserved four lines. Athenaeus (ix. p. 393, out the saying of Plato, “that the world would
e. ) cites a work, apparently a poem, entitled only be happy when kings became philosophers, or
'OpviBoyovla, which seems to have contained an philosophers became kings. ” He protected and
account of the myths of men who had been turned relieved the provincials from the public and private
into birds, but he was doubtful whether it was rapine to which they were exposed, defended the
written by a poetess Boco or a poet Boeus (Boios): Campanians against the praefect of the praetorium,
Antoninus Liberalis, however, quotes it (cc. 3, saved Paulinus from the dogs of the palace," and
7, and ll, &c. ) as the work of Boeus. The restrained the oppressions of the barbarian officers,
name of Boeo occurs in a list of seers given by Triguilla and Conigastus. (Consol. Phil, i. 4. ) This
Clemens Alexandrinus. (Strom. i. p. 333, d. , ed. unflinching integrity naturally provoked enmity in
Paris, 1629. )
the court of Theodoric; and the boldness with
BOEOʻTÚS (Bowtós), a son of Poseidon or which he pleaded the cause of Albinus, when ac-
Itonus and Arne (Antiope or Melanippe), and cused of treason by the informer Cyprianus, seems
brother of Aeolus. [AEOLUS, No. 3. ) He was to have been the plea on which Gaudentius, Opilio,
the ancestral hero of the Bocotians, who derived and Basilius charged him and Symmachus with
their name from him. (Paus. ix. 1. $ 1. ) (L. S. ] the intention of delivering Rome from the barba-
BOE'THIUS, whose full name was ANICIUS rian yoke,—to which was added the charge of
Manlius SEVERINUS Boethius (to which a few sacrilege or magic. A sentence of confiscation and
MSS. of his works add the name of Torquatus, and death was passed against him unheard (Consol.
commentators prefix by conjecture the praenomen Phil. i. 4), and he was imprisoned at Ticinum in
Flavius from his father's consulship in A. D. 487), the baptistry of the church, which was to be seen at
a Roman statesman and author, and remarkable as Pavia till 1584 (Tiraboschi, vol. iii. lib. i. c. 4), dur-
standing at the close of the classical and the com- ing which time he wrote his book “ De Consolatione
mencement of scholastic philosophy. He was Philosophiae. ” He was executed at Calvenzano (in
born between A. D. 470 and 475 (as is inferred agro Calventiano) (Anonym. Vales. p. 36), or ac-
from Consol. Phil. i. 1). The Anician family bad cording to the general belief, at Ticinum, by behead-
for the two preceding centuries been the most il- ing (Anast. Vit. Pontif. in Juanne I. ; Aimoin. Hist.
lustrious in Rome (see Gibbon, c. 31), and several Franc. ii. 1), or (according to Anonym. Vales. p. 36)
of its members have been reckoned amongst the by the torture of a cord drawn round his head tilí
direct ancestors of Boëthius. But the only con- the eyes were forced from their sockets, and then by
jecture worth notice is that which makes his grand-beating with clubs till he expired. Symmachus
father to have been the Flavius Boëthius murdered was also beheaded, and Rusticiana reduced to po-
by Valentinian III. A. D. 455. His father was verty, till Amalasontha, widow of Theodoric and
probably the consul of A. D. 487, and died in the regent during her son's minority, replaced his sta-
childhood of his son, who was then brought up by tues and restored to her bis confiscated property.
some of the chief men at Rome, amongst whom (Procop. Goth. i. 2, Anec. 10; Jornand. Rel. Gel. 89. )
were probably Festus and Symmachus.
