No More Learning

Cyprus, 669; Byzantine sailors drawn Bābak, rebel against the Caliphate, 38, 128
from, 742; bay of, 125; governor of, see sq.
Philocales
Bāb-al-Abwāb, see Darband
Attaliates, Michael, see Michael
Bābī, modern Persian Shi'ite sect, 301
Attica, 441; exports corn to Venice, 447; Babuna mountains, in Bulgaria, 238
Latin rule in, 451, 473; 455; Navarrese Babuni, name of Bulgarian Bogomiles, 238
in, 456; 462; Turks in, 692; 769
Bābur, conqueror of India, 651 sq.
Attila, King of the Huns, 184; 385
Babylon, culture at, 629; 747
Augusta, title of, bestowed on Zoë, tbird wife Babylonia, Saracen capital moved to, 119;.
of Emperor Leo VI, 57; on mistresses of 310
Constantine IX, 108, 115
Bachu, Mongol general, and Armenians,
Augustus, Roman Emperor, 24
175


## p. 918 (#960) ############################################

918
Index
Badi -uz-Zaman Hamadhāni, Persian
author, 294
Bagaran, town of Armenia, 158 sq.
Bagarat, founder of the Bagratuni family of
Armenia, 157
Bagarat, King of Georgia and Abasgia, 165
Bagatur, hero, title in old Bulgaria, 231
Baghdad, Chap. x passim; buildings of, 39,
152; 124; feeling against Turks in, 131,
276, 285; revolution in, 147; taken by
Tīmūr, 181, 651, 680; by Hūlāgū, 279,
628, 642, 654; made capital by Abbasids,
274, 281; again by Mu'tamid, 276; siege
of, by Tāhir, 276; Russian traders at,
201; 218; 277; Manichaeans at, 287 ;
Nestorian Patriarchs of, 289; culture in,
294, 296 sq. ; 298; 300; Buwaihids in,
277, 301; Tugbril Beg in, 304; University
at, 305 sq. ; 309 sq. ; 317; 653; 656; com-
pared with Constantinople, 745; traders
from, 750; see also Caliphate
Bagbras, fortress of, 146; 343
Bagratid (Bagratuni), Kings of Armenia, 111;
140; 154 sq. ; 157; wealth and power of,
158; 159; extinction of, 166 sq. ; 182;.
see Abas, Ashot, Gagik, John-Smbat,
Smbat
Bahā-ad-Din, biographer of Saladin, 306
Babrām, Seljūg prince of Kirmān, 314
Bahrām Shāh, made ruler of Ghaznah by
Sanjar, 311
Baiane, see Eudocia
Baibars, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, general
of Sultan Qutuz, 643; slays Qutuz, 644;
captures Antioch, 175; defeated and slain,
176; 642
Baiņāwi, commentator on the Koran, 291
Baidu, Mongol rebel, 178
Bajnak, Arab name for Patzinaks, q. v.
Bakjūr, emir of Aleppo, and Emperor Nice-
phorus II, 146
Balādhuri, Arab historian and biographer,
293
Balanea (Bulunyās), taken by Emperor John
I, 148; 339; 343
Balanjar, town of the Chazars, 191 sq.
Balat, near Antioch, taken by Emperor
John II, 359
Balāta, Armenian general of the Byzantines
in Sicily, 135
Balaton, Lake, see Blatno
Baldwin I, count of Flanders, Latin Emperor
of the East, 421; weakness of, 422; defeat
and death, 424, 520; 427; 478 note; 480
sq.
Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, minority of,
427 sq. ; appeals to Europe, 429; driven
from Constantinople, 431, 443, 512; 488;
and Michael VIII, 509; 511; 527; sur-
renders his rights to Charles of Anjou, 610
Baldwin I of Edessa, King of Jerusalem,
317; 335; at Tarsus, 338; and Venetians,
411
Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, and Vene-
tians, 411
Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem, mediates
between Emperor Manuel I and Armeno.
Cilicia, 171; marries Byzantine princess,
374, 381
Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem, and Em-
peror Manuel I, 377
Baldwin, count of Germanicea, and Leo I
of Armeno-Cilicia, 169
Baldwin, marshal of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Balitza, ceded to Bohemond of Antioch, 343
Balkan peninsula, Chap. VII, Chap. XVII,
Chap. XVIII; Slav tribes in, 4; 13; eccle-
siastical provinces of, 58; Avars in, 186;
Bulgars migrate to, 200; Russians and,
207 sq. ; Magyars in, 212; 213; 330; 432;
Ottomans in, Chap. XXI passim; passes,
Emperor Nicephorus I killed in, 37, 233;
676; medievalism of, 550, 586; themes
of, 733
Balkash, Lake, 631, 652
Balkh, conquered by Seljūgs, 304; 312; des-
troyed by Mongols, 633; Tīmūr at, 650
Balša family, in the Zeta (Montenegro),
553, 559, 564, 583, 585 sq. ; 592; see
George II Balša
Balša I, ruler of Montenegro, 592
Balša II, ruler of Montenegro, 592
Balša III, ruler of Montenegro, 592
Balša, last duke of Herzegovina, 582
Balsamon, see Theodore
Balta-oghlu, admiral of Mahomet II, at siege
of Constantinople, 699
Baltic Sea, 202
Balukli, outside Constantinople, 512
Banda, subdivision of a Byzantine army
corps or theme, 734, 739
Banjaluka, residence of Turkish viceroy in
Bosnia, 582
Baphaeum (Qoyun-Hisār), Ottoman victory
at, 657
Barbaro, Nicold, Venetian surgeon at siege
of Constantinople, 695 sqq. , 700 note; 702
sq.
Barbarossa, see Frederick I, Khair-ad-Din
Barcelona, “Customs of," Athens governed
by, 451; 456
Bardanes Turcus, see Turcus
Bardas, the Caesar, brother of the Regent
Theodora, 40; plots of, 42; made Caesar,
43; administration, 43; patronage of
learning, 44, 710 sq. ; 763; 45; 66; Bar-
das and Photian schism, 46, 248; 47;
murdered, 48, 50, 250; 53; and Saracens,
120, 133 sq. , 137; 251
Bardas Sclerus, see Sclerus
Bardsrberd (the High Fortress), in Armeno-
Cilicia, 168, 177
Bari, 94; taken by Emperor Louis II, 139;
attacked by Saracens, 149, 406; captured
by Normans, 325, 356, 408, 597; arch-
bishop of, and Pope John XIX, 263, 267;
council of, 599 sq. ; 601; church of St
Nicholas at, 537
Barkiyrāuq, Great Seljūq Sultan, 308; reign
of, 309 sq. ; 311; 314; 343


## p. 919 (#961) ############################################

Index
919
Basileus (Eastern Emperor), titles and at-
tributes of, 726 sq.
Basilian monks in South Italy, 259
Basilics (Tà Baơ thoá), code of Leo VI, 52,
58, 66; 706 sqq. ; 713 sqq. ; _720 sqq.
Βασιλικoπλόϊμον, τo, division of Byzantine
navy, 743
Barlaam, Abbot, Byzantine theologian, 595;
at Avignon, 615
Barmecides (Barmakids), family, 274, see
Yahya
Barozzi family, at Santorin, 435
Barsuls, the, Bulgarian tribe, 192
Bartletus, 691 note
Barzūyah (Borzo), taken by Emperor John I,
148
Basaraba, see Ivanko, Larote, Nicholas
Basāsiri, the Isfahsālār, and the Caliph of
Baghdad, 304
Bashi-bazuks, Turkish irregular troops,
665; 696; failure before Constantinople,
702
Bashkirs (Bashgurt), Caspian tribes, 195
Basil I, the Macedonian, Emperor, 43 sqq. ;
intrigues against Bardas, 47; gains the
throne, 48, 50; early life, 49, 234; family,
50; financial reforms, 51; legislation, 52,
706, 710 sqq. , 717, 722; encouragement
of art, 52, 67; Photian schism and, 53,
250 sq. ; death of, 54; 55 sq. ; 58 sq. ; 61;
63; life of, by Constantine VII, 67, 69;
100; foreign policy, 138 sq. ; losses in
Sicily, 140; relations with Armenia, 138,
140, 158; and St Methodius, 228; 753 sq.
Basil II Bulgaroctonus, Emperor, 67;
crowned, 68; 79; 81 sq. ; character, 83;
early years, 84; seizes power, 86; war
with Bulgarians, 87, 240 sqq. ; organizes
government of Bulgaria, 243, 735; and
Bulgarian Church, 94, 243 sq. ; defeats
Phocas, 88; legislation of, 89, 92 sq. , 715,
718; alliance with Russians, 90, 209;
Papacy and, 91, 94, 259, 262 sqq. ; and Wes-
tern Empire, 94; and Venice, 94, 405 sq. ;
travels, 95; death of, 96, 150; 97; 144;
Saracen campaigns, 148 sq. ; and Armenia,
164; 239; 318; 425; 484; 492; and feudal
nobility, 92, 771; discovery of body of,
509
Basil, the Scamandrian, Patriarch of Con-
stantinople, disgrace and exile of, 80, 260
Basil, archbishop of Ochrida, correspond-
ence of with Pope Hadrian IV, 601
Basil, archbishop of Thessalonica, on
Photius, 255
Basil, metropolitan of Caesarea, 65
Basil “the Bird,” favourite of Emperor
Constantine VII, 64; conspires against
Romanus II, 68
Basil, the Parakoimomenos, natural son of
Emperor Romanus I, 64; supporter of
Nicephorus II, 72; minister of John I,
79; 82; of Basil II, 84 sq. ; downfall and
death, 86 sq. ; estates of, 93
Basilaces, heretical priest, condemned by
Emperor Manuel, 363
Basilaces, rebel against Emperor Nice-
phorus III, 327
Basilacius, plotter against Emperor Al-
exius I, 342
Basileopator, title of Zaützes, 57; assumed
by Romanus Leca penus, 61
Basiliscianus, favourite of Emperor Michael
III, 50
Basle, Council of, and Reunion of the
Churches, 620 sq.
Başrah, sacked by marauders, 276; com-
mercial importance of, 286; school of
grammarians at, 291
Batbayan, Bulgarian chieftain, and Chazars,
188
Batnae (Sarūj), see Sarūj
Battāl, Saracen general, 120 sq.
Bātu, grandson of Jenghiz Khan, invades
Europe, 637 sq. ; 643; rule of, 652
Baux, house of, 553, see Jacques
Bavaria, colonists from, in Pannonia, 211;
Magyars in, 212; duke of, see Welf
Bayan, Khan of Bulgaria, and Emperor
Constantine V, 232
Bāyazid I, Ottoman Sultan, descent of, 360
note; at Kossovo, 558; 559; and Bul-
garia, 560; victory at Nicopolis, 561; de.
feated at Angora, 562, 619, 651, 682;
593; 671; 673; character of, 674; his
attempt to capture Constantinople, 675
sqq. ; Tīmūr and, 679 sqq. ; captivity and
death, 683 sq. ; 685 sq. ; 694; supposed
son of, 567
Bāyazid II, Ottoman Sultan, annexes Her
zegovina, 582; 593
Bāyazid, grand vizier of Mahomet I, 688
Bayber, Seljūq victory at, 166; 167
Bazaars, at Constantinople, 761
Beatus, doge-consort of Venice, and Byzan
tium, 393 sqq.
Beauvais, bishop of, see Odo; see also Vin
cent
Beccus, see John
Bedouins, 294
Beglerbey (Beglerbeg) among Ottomans,
664; of Rumelia, 555, 571
Béla Í, King of Hungary, and Emperor
Manuel I, 372 sq.
Béla II, the Blind, King of Hungary, 356
Béla III, King of Hungary, and Mary of
Antioch, 380; invades Byzantium, 383
Béla IV, King of Hungary, and Emperor
John III, 608; defeated by Mongols, 637
Béla, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Béla, son of Uroš of Rascia, 356; and Em.
peror Manuel, 373
Bêla vezha, Russian name of Sarkel, q. v.
Belgrade, 234, 238; governed by Stephen
Dragutin, 532; lost to Serbia, 535; taken
by Stephen Dušan, 545; 562 sq. ; 569; be-
sieged by Murād II, 570; 571; 573 sq. ;
besieged by Mahomet V, 576; held by
Hungary, 577 sq. ; 688; 705; bishopric of,
243


## p. 920 (#962) ############################################

920
Index
Belisarius, general of Justinian, and Venetia,
385; 739
Bella Paise, Latin monastery in Greece,
473
Bellini, Gentile, Venetian painter, and
Sultan Mahomet II, 705
Belluno, bishop of, see John
Beluchistan, see Mukrān
Bender-Eregli, inscription of Emperor Theo-
dore I at, 487
Benedict III, Pope, and the Patriarch
Ignatius, 247
Benedict VIII, Pope, and Emperor Basil II,
92, 262
Benedict XI, Pope, and Roman Church in
Serbia, 537
Benedict XII, Pope, and Emperor Andro.
nicus III, 614 sq.
Benedict XIII, Pope, and Emperor Manuel
II, 619
Benedict of Como, Dominican friar, sent
to Emperor Andronicus II, 614
Benedict, cardinal of Santa Susanna, signs
treaty with Henry of Flanders, 606
Benedict the Pole, missionary to the Mon.
gols, 640
Benedictine monastery, founded in Hungary,
213; in Greece, 438
Benevento, ceded to Franks, 24; submits
to the Pope, 266; council of, 341; duke
of, 136, 390, see Arichis; battle of, 496,
610
Benjamin of Tudela, on Ghuzz Turkomans,
303, 313, 631 note; on Constantinople,
745, 763
Benzo, Piedmontese bishop (of Alba), and
Papal election, 597
Ber, King of the Abasgians, defeated by
Armenians, 161
Berat, in Albania (Balkans), 242
Berdas, capital of Albania (Shirvan), cap-
tured by Russian raiders, 206
Bereke, Mongol chief, raids Poland and
Silesia, 652
Berengar I, Western Emperor, King of
Italy, and Magyars, 211; and Venice,
400
Berengar II, King of Italy, 66; 402; 405
Bernard, St, and Byzantine Church, 596,
601
Berrhoea, see Veria
Bertha, of Sulzbach, wife of Emperor
Manuel I, 360, 365
Bertha, wife of Emperor Romanus II, 64
Berthold, margrave of Hohenburg, and Em-
peror John III, 496, 499
Bertrand, Prince of Tripolis, natural son of
Raymond of Toulouse, 342 sq.
Bertrandon de la Brocquière, French travel-
ler in Serbia, 569; on Bashi-bazuks,
696
Berūni, Arab astronomer, and writer,
298
Berytus, see Beyrout
Beshir, ostikan of Armenia, 161
Bessarabia, Magyars in, 198; Bulgars
migrate to, 230
Bessarion, Cardinal, archbishop of Nicaea,
and Constantine Palaeologus, 462; 480
note; and Roman Church, 595, 620; at
Ferrara, 623; 624; birth-place of, 620
Bessi, see Patzinaks
Bestes, Theodore, Byzantine canonist, 718,
723
Béthune, see Conon
Beuthen, in Poland, captured by Mongols,
652
Beyrout (Berytus), taken by Emperor
John I, 148; law professors in, 707
Bezant, gold coin of Byzantium, 39, see
Coinage
Bhatnir, in India, captured by Timūr, 651
Biandrate, see Hubert
Bibiones, Venetian township, 386
Bilarghu, Mongol leader, 178 sq.
Bilijik, captured by Ertughril, 655; 656
Biliktu, Mongol ruler, and Chinese, 649
Bisseni, see Patzinaks
Bithynia, 21; 24; 33; 67; 119; 131 note;
Russians in, 205; 216 sq. ; 256; assigned
to Latin Emperor, 421, 424; 426; Theo-
dore I in, 479; Michael Palaeologus in,
503 sq. , 509; 513; 656; Turks in, 657,
662 sq. ; 667; 675; 753
Bitlis, commercial town of Armenia, 162,
167
Bizā‘a, in Syria, 359
Bizou, in Cappadocia, 112; given to Gagik
II, 166
Blachernae, quarter of Constantinople, 41,
749; palace of, see Constantinople
“Black George
(Karageorge), founder of
modern Serbia, 578
“Black Prince, ," the (Edward, Prince of
Wales), 454
Black Sea, the (Euxine), 38 sq. ; Greek
colonies on, 183 sqq. , 201; 192; 194; 203;
230; 232; 238; 331; 344; 353; 381; 421 ;
Genoese in, 431, 511, 549; 478 sqq. ; 487;
527; 535; 554; 572; 631; 653; 655; 660;
Venetian feet in, 666; 668; 672; 680;
692; 695 sq. ; 733; 763
Black Stone, the, at Mecca, 276
Blagaj, capital of the duchy of Herzegovina,
580
Blastares, Matthew, Byzantine writeron law,
715 ; Syntagma of, 724
Blatno (Mosaburch, urbs paludum), town of,
211; lake of (Balaton), 211
Blemmýdes, Nicephorus, abbot of St
Gregory's, 486 note; 488 note; 494 note ;
and Emperor John III, 495 sq. ; and Latin
theologians, 497; 498 sq. ; refuses Patri.
archate, 500; 505; and Theodore II, 506;
513
Blois, see Louis, Stephen
“Blue Fortress,” in Armenia, Smbat I
besieged in, 160
Blues, circus faction of Constantinople, 758
sq.


## p. 921 (#963) ############################################

Index
921
Blum, see Roger de Flor
Bobovac, Bosnian castle, besieged by Stephen
Dušan, 545; 556; 565 sq. ; surrendered
to Turks, 580
Boccaccio, and “Duke of Athens,” 442
Bodin, see Constantine
Boeotia, Latin rule in, 440 sq. ; 450 sq. ;
Albanians settle in, 456; Constantine
Palaeologus in, 462; given to Franco
Acciajuoli, 464; Turkish, 465, 692
Bogdan I, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Bogdan II, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Bogdan III, Prince of Moldavia, 593;
tributary to Turks, 588
Bogdan, Bulgarian commander, and
Emperor Basil II, 242
Bogdan, Serbian chief, 553
Bogislav, Serbian leader, 110
Bogomile, heresy in Bulgaria, 238, 243, 518,
520, 523, 548, 550; in Bosnia, 518, 526,
545, 559, 574 sq. , 580; 245; and Em-
peror Alexius I, 350; 363; persecuted
by Stephen Dragutin, 532; Stephen Uroš
II and, 535; 551; Islām and, 582 sq. ;
737; see also Babuni, Manichaeans
Bohemia, 209, 214; ruler of, see Bořivoi
Bohemians, and conversion of Hungary,
214 ; at battle of Kossovo, 693
Bohemond I, of Taranto, Prince of Antioch,
leader in First Crusade, captured by Sel-
jūgs, 315, 340; invades Empire, 329, 600;
Emperor Alexius Iand, 335 sqq. ; takes pos-
session of Antioch, 338; 339; war with
Alexius I, 341 sqq. ; death of, 343; 347;
352
Bohemond II, Prince of Antioch, captures
Leo I of Armeno-Cilicia, 169; 359
Bohemond III, Prince of Antioch, and
Ruben II of Armeno-Cilicia, 171; 172 ;
and Emperor Manuel, 376
Bohemond IV, the One-Eyed, count of
Tripolis, seizes government of Antioch,
Crusade, 416, 604; and diversion of the
Crusade, 417; 418 sq. ; passed over for
the Empire, 421; King of Thessalonica,
422 sqq. ; 432 sq. ; 435; death, 425, 520;
426 sq. ; 436
Boniface of Verona, Euboean nobleman, and
Guy II of Athens, 447; and Catalans, 451
Bordi (Gordi), in Armenia, 56
Borić, ban of Bosnia, 591
Boril, Tsar of Bulgaria, and Latin Empire,
425; deposed 521 ; 550; 591
Borilus, minister of Emperor Nicephorus III,
327
Boris, Khan of Bulgaria, becomes a Christian,
45, 235 sqq. ; and Pope Nicholas I, 252
Boris II, Tsar of Bulgaria, 239 sq.
Boris of Hungary, son of Koloman, at Con.
stantinople, 356
Bořivoi, Bohemian prince, baptized, 227
Borsa, see Roger
Borzo, see Barzūyah
Bosna, river of Bosnia, 518, 545, 560, 566,
573
Bosnia, 238; “banat” of, 432; rule of Kulin
in, 517 sq. ; Hungary and, 519 sq. , 523,
526 sq. ; Dragutin in, 532; lost to Serbia,
535; 541, 543; Stephen Dušan and, 544
sq. ; and Ragusa, 549; hegemony of, 555
sqq. , 559; Bosniaks at Kossovo, 558; and
Turks, 557, 562, 566; and Cattaro, 564;
565; 567; 573 sq. ; last years of kingdom,
578 sqq. ; Upper Bosnia conquered by
Turks, 580 sq. ; 582; 687; Mahomet I
and, 694; Manichaeans in, 498; Bogo-
miles in, 518; Chronicles, 546 note; Table
of rulers, 591
Bosphorus (Panticapaeum, Kerch), 86, 183
submits to Utigurs, 185; 189
Bosphorus, the, 14, 86, 165, 316; Russians
in, 46, 205; 320, 331, 336 sq. ; Manuel's
monastery on, 364; 367 sq. , 382, 427,
486, 513, 546, 572, 660; Genoese and
Venetians in, 666; 670, 677 sq. ; Mahomet
II in, 694, 696; 699, 701, 705, 755
Botaniates, see Nicephorus III, Emperor
Boua, Albanian clan, 552
Boua Spata, see Paul
Boucicaut, Marshal, at Constantinople, 618,
676 sq. ; 678
Boudonitza, in Greece, marquesses of, 422;
433; castle of, 437; Zorzi family at, 458;
conquered by Turks, 459
Bouillon, see Godfrey
Boyana, near Sofia, church of, 514; frescoes
at, 550
Brabant, duke of, and Mongols, 639
Bracheuil, see Pierre de
Bragadino, defends Famagosta against
Turks, 472
Branas, Theodore, adheres to Latin Empire,
423; 425
Branichevo, taken by Hungarians, 355
Branković, estates in Hungary, 573;
ancestral territory, 576; see George, Vuk
Braslav, Croatian prince, 211
173 sq.
Bohemond of Lusignan, brother of Guy,
King of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Boiannes, Basil, catapan, reorganizes
Southern Italy, 263
Boiditzes, surrenders Amorium to the
Saracens, 130
Bojana, river of Albania, 527; 534
Boleslav the Mighty, King of Poland, and
Vladimir of Russia, 209 sq.
Boljarin, pobility of old Bulgaria, 231
Bolkan, Župan of Rascia, makes himself
independent of Byzantium, 330; Serbia
and, 356
Bologna, friars of, at Negropont, 438; see
Gozzadini
Boniface VI, Pope, and Photian schism, 256
Boniface VII, anti-Pope, in exile at Con-
stantinople, 80
Boniface lĂ, Pope, and the Turks, 618 sq. ,
675
Boniface, marquess of Montferrat, King of
Thessalonica, chosen to lead Fourth


## p. 922 (#964) ############################################

922
Index
119;
Brenta, Italian river, 211, 397
Breslau, 637
Breviarium, law treatise of Theodore, 714
Brevis Historia, work of St Cyril, 220
Břevnov, abbot of, becomes archbishop of
Gran; see Anastasius
Brienne family, 449; see John, Walter
Bringas, Joseph, favourite of Theophano, 68
sqq. ; defeated and imprisoned by Emperor
Nicephorus II, 72; 116; 145
Brondolo, Venetian fortress, 391; captured
by Pepin, 394
Browne, Professor E. G. , on Avicenna's
Qānūn, 297
Brumalia, Byzantine court fête, 26, 755
Brunelleschi, 622
Brunswick, see Otto of
Brūsa (Prusa), 542; Turkish capital, 543;
560; 562; 656; threatened by Osmān,
657 sq. ; captured by Orkhān, 660; 661
sqq. ; death of Orkhān at, 667; 674; 676;
678; captured by Tīmūr, 683; Bāyazid I
buried at, 684; 685; buildings of Maho-
met I at, 688; 690; bishop of, see Joakim;
see also Prusa
Bryennii, family, 771
Bryennius, Nicephorus, general, dismissed
by Empress Theodora, 116; conspires
against Michael VI, 117; executed, 320
Bryennius, Nicephorus, the Caesar, husband
of Anna Comnena, plots against John II,
346, 351; work on Alexius I, 363, 765
Bryennius, Theoctistus, general of the regent
Theodora, 42
Bryennius, revolts against Nicephorus III,
327
Bucellarian theme, 3, 733; (troops), 123 sq. ;
see Tadjat
Buda-Pesth, 546; 566; captured by Mongols,
638; 690
Buddhism among Mongols, 640, 646 sq. ,
649, 651
Budrun (Halicarnassus), taken by Hospi-
tallers, '677
Budua, Adriatic town, Statutes of, 547;
553; occupied by Venice, 564, 570
Bug, river, 198, 200
Bugha, Saracen leader, 133
Bukaia, the, battle of, 375
Bukhārā, conquered by Ala-ud-Dīn of Khwā-
razm, 278; destroyed by Mongols, 279,
633; 303; 304; captured by Uzbeg Mon.
gols, 651
Bukhārī, compiler of Arab traditions,
291
Bukhtyishū“, Nestorian Christian, 297
Bulgar, Bulgary, capital of the White
Bulgars, 193; destroyed by Mongols, 637
Bulgaria, Bulgarians, Chaps. VIII, XVII, XVIII;
3; 11; and Emperor Constantine V, 12,
231 sq. ; 15; defeat Irene, 22; and
Michael I, 29; besiege Constantinople, 30,
233 sq. ; defeat Byzantines, 35, 37; 39;
. 42; conversion of, 45, 235 sq. ; 47; 49;
Romanus I and, 62; 70; Nicephorus II
and, 76; Basil II and, 85, 148 sq. , 241
89. , 263; 85 sq. ; cost of war with, 93; and
Michael IV, 104, 244; defeat Saracens,
122 sq. ; 126 sq. ; and Basil I, 138;
and Leo VI, 140; and Constantine VII,
142 sq. ; 145; Armenian contingent sent
to, 159; Slavonic liturgy in, 229; and
Roman Church, 249, 252; see also Church,
Bulgarian; Bulgaro-Roumanian frontier,
235; Byzantine government of, 243 sqq. ,
734 sqq. ; risings in, 244 sq. , 325; 257;
Bulgarians in Byzantine army, 347; and
Latin Empire, 423 sqq. , 427 sqq. , 481,
483; and John III, 430, 489 sq. , 492;
432; victory of Klokonitsa, 428, 440;
478; 491; Manichaeans in, 498; and
Theodore II, 501 sq. ; and Michael VIII,
510; 511; defeat at Velbužd, 538; over-
run by Turks, 555, 557; 571; finally con-
quered, 560 sq. ; 617; 624; 659; and
John V, 666; 669 sq. ; 672 sq. ; and Bāya-
zid I, 674; 678; and Mūsà, 685; 687;
689; and Murad II, 691; 733 sq. ; Bul-
garian officials of Byzantium, 736; 746;
Bulgarians at Constantinople, 750; trade
with Constantinople, 762; influence of
Byzantium on, 776; Table of rulers, 590;
khans of, see Bayan, Boris, Isparich,
Kardam, Kormisosh, Kovrat, Krum,
Omurtag, Presiam, Sabin, Telerig, Telets,
Tervel, Toktu; tsars of, see Boril, Boris,
Constantine, Gabriel, George, John, Kali.
man, Kalojan, Michael, Peter, Samuel,
Shishman, Simeon, Theodore; arch-
bishop of, see John Camaterus, Theophy-
lact; see also Bulgars
Bulgarian Chronicle, 544 note
• Bulgaroctonus,” epithet of Basil II, q. v.
Bulgarópbygos, Bulgarian victory at, 237
Bulgars, Chap. VII A, original home of, 184;
and Justinian II, 185; trade and coinage,
193; political organization, 194; and
Magyars, 198 sq. ; migrate to Balkans,
200; and Svyatoslav of Kiev, 208, 213;
and Vladimir, 202 sqq. ; and St Cyril, 221,
223; Black Bulgars, 185; White (Silver)
· Bulgars, 192 sq. ; 637
Bulotes, Manuel, ambassador of Emperor
John VIII to the Pope, 621
Bulunyās, see Balanea
Bundārī, on date of Sultan Sanjar's birth,
311
Buondelmonti, see Esau
Burdas (Burtas), Chazar tribe, 192 sqg.
Burdas river, see Samara
Burgas, town of Thrace, 212; 667 note
Burgundy, see La Roche family; duke of,
at La Crémonie, 441; at battle of Nicopo-
lis, 675 sq. ; fleet of, 571; see Louis
Būrī, Atābeg of Duqāq, 315
Būrid dynasty of Syria, 314 sq.
Burkan Khaldun, burial-place of Mangu
Khan, 645
Burma, Mongols in, 646
Burtas, see Burdas


## p. 923 (#965) ############################################

Index
923
Burtasians (foxhides), export of, by the
Burdas, 192
Burtzes, Constantine, disgraced by Emperor
Constantine VIII, 97
Burtzes, Michael, 84; takes Antioch, 146;
147; defeated by Egyptians, 149
Burtzes, Michael, conspires against Emperor
Michael VI, 320
Bury, Professor, on Emperor Michael IV,
105
Busta Gallorum, Byzantine victory of, 386
Butera, in Sicily, surrenders to Saracens,
137
Butrinto, Venetian naval victory at, 409;
castle of, 448; Bulgarian bishopric of,
243
Butumites, general of Emperor Alexius I,
341, 343
Buwaih, founder of Persian dynasty, 301
Buwaibids, Persian dynasty, 276 sq. ; 300;
302; 304; founded, 301
Buyur, lake, Chinese defeat Mongols at,
649
Būzhān, general of Malik Shāh, and Em.
peror Alexius I, 331
Byblus, see Jiblab
Byzantium, see Constantinople
Byzantius, Nicetas, teaches in University
under Emperor Constantine IX, 114
Cabasilas, the, Byzantine mystical writers,
766
Cadalus, bishop of Parma, chosen anti-
Pope (Honorius II), 597
Cadi (Muslim judge), 284; among Chazars,
191; at Constantinople, 675
Cadmea, castle of, at Thebes, 443; 446
Caesar, title, 730; see Alexius, Andronicus I,
Bardas, Bryennius, Ducas, John-Roger;
uncles of Emperor Constantine VI, 19, 23
sq. ; title bestowed on Bulgarian prince,
213; in Serbia, 542 sq. ; assumed by Gabalas
of Rhodes, 488; 13; 61; 104; 118; 321 ;
Caesars of Rome, 261, 626, 726; see also
Tsar
Caesarea in Cappadocia (Qaisarīyah), Nice-
phorus II proclaimed at, 71, 145; Bardas
Phocas proclaimed at, 81; 85 sq. ; in
Saracen wars, 120, 122, 167; 177; ruled
by Dānishmandites, 315, 365; Crusaders
at, 338; metropolitan of, see Basil, Mark
Caesarea in Palestine, taken by Emperor
John I, 148
Caesaropapism, doctrines of, in Byzantine
Church, 246
Cairo, 181; founded by Fātimids, 302; cul.
ture at, 629, 642; Abbasid Caliphate of,
279; 644
Calabria, province of, 4; remains Eastern,
36; 135; 141; diocese of, placed under
Patriarch of Constantinople, 10; 259;
hellenization of, 266; Norman, 597; theme
of, 733; Byzantine monks in, 737
Calabrian admiral of Theodore I, 482 ;
origin of Barlaam, 615
Calamus, Turks at, 657
Calaphates, see Michael V, Emperor
Calicadnus, river, Frederick Barbarossa
drowned in, 172
Caliphate, of Baghdad, Chap. x (A); see
Caliphs; and Armenia, 156, 158, 160 sq. ;
disintegration and decay of, 131, 139, 151,
300 sq. ; 642; decline in revenue of, 151
note; frontier system of, 132; war with
rulers of Aleppo, 143; 188; theory of the
Caliphate, 275, 281 sq. , 641; destroyed by
Mongols, 642, 654; Ottoman Sultans
heirs of, 642; Egyptian Caliphate, decay
of, 376; see Khalifah
Caliphs, see 'Ali, Omar I, Othman
Caliphs, Abbasids of Baghdad, see Amin,
Hārūn-ar-Rashid, Mahdi, Ma'mūn, Man.
şūr, Muhtadi, Muqtadi, Muqtadir, Mus.
takfī, Musta şim, Mustazhir, Mu'tadid,
Mu'tamid, Mu'tasim, Mutawakkil, Muti',
Qādir, Qa'im, Řādi, Saffāḥ, Wathiq;
10; 86
Caliphs, Fātimids, see Đākim, Mahdi,
Mu'izz, 'Ubaid-Allāh, Zāhir
Caliphs, Umayyads of Damascus, see His-
hām, Marwān II, Omar II, Sulaiman,
Walid II, Yazid II
Calixtus II, Pope, and Emperor John II,
354 sq. , 596, 600
Calixtus III, Pope, and Hunyadi, 576
Callimachus, 691 note
Callinicus, inventor of Greek fire, 743
Callistus, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
Pope Innocent VI, 617
Calocyrus, the patrician, and Russians, 208
Caloprini, Stefano, and Emperor Otto II, 404
Caloprini, Venetian faction, 403 sq.
Caltabellotta, in Sicily, tributary to Saracens,
136; revolts, 137
Caltagirone, in Sicily, sacked by Saracens,
136
Caltavuturo, in Sicily, and Saracens, 137
Camacha, fortress of, in Saracen wars, 120,
122 sq. , 125, 127, 131 sq.
Camaterus, Gregory, logothete under Em-
peror John II, 352
Camaterus, John, Patriarch, see John
Camaterus, John, prefect of Constantinople,
conspires against Mary of Antioch, 380
Cambalu (Pekin, Daitu, Taitu, Tatu, Khan
Balig), founded by Kublai Khan, 647; cap-
tured by Chinese, 649; university of, 629
Cambini, on siege of Constantinople, 702
Cameniates, John, on siege of Salonica, 142
Camerino, battle of, 379
Campagna, the, revolts against Emperor
Leo III, 9; Roman barons of, 258
Campofregoso, Pietro di, Genoese admiral,
in Cyprus, 470
Campulung, Wallachian colony at, 540
Canale, Venetian admiral, 466
Candia (Chandax), Saracen stronghold in
Crete, 36; captured by Nicephorus II, 69
sq. ; seat of Venetian governor, 433; cap-
tured by Turks, 472


## p. 924 (#966) ############################################

924
Index
Candiani, Venetian noble family, 399; ab.
solutism of, 407; see Peter
Canicleum, convent of, 68
Canina, occupied by Normans, 329; 342;
bishopric of, 243
Canon Law (Nomocanones), Byzantine col-
lections of, 229; 711; 715; 718; 723 sq. ;
in Serbia, 547
Cantacuzene family, 711
Cantacuzene, admiral of Emperor Alexius I,
341
Cantacuzene, John, see John VI, Emperor
Cantacuzene, Manuel, see Manuel
Cantacuzene, Matthew, and Turks, 553;
666 sq.
Cantacuzene, Theodore, sent by Manuel II
to Paris, 618
Cantemir, 667 note; on exploits of Mahomet
II, 704
Caopena, Catalan family in Aegina, 465
Caorle, settlement of, 386; bishopric of, 387;
412
Capella Palatina, at Palermo, mosaics at,
777
Capello Zen, at Venice, 397
Capistrano, Franciscan friar, at siege of Bel.
grade, 576
Capitol, the, at Constantinople, 748
Capo d'Istria, and Venice, 412
Cappadocia, clisura of, 39; 69; 85; 95; in
Saracen wars, 121 sq. , 125 sq. , 128, 145;
153; 166; ruled by Seljūgs, 315; 320;
374; overrun by Mongols, 175, 177, 689;
670; 740; monks in, 753; emir of, see
Hasan, Pulchas, also Dānishmand
Cappello, Victor, Venetian admiral, in Tur.
kish war, 466
Captains, Serbian title, 542
Capua, Prince of, see Robert
Carabisiani, the, theme of, 732, 742
Carantenus, Theodore, admiral of Basil II,
85
Carbeas, Paulician chief, 42, 133
Carbonupsina, see Zoë
Carceri, dalle, see Giberto, Niccold, Ravano
Cardicon, Greek stronghold, taken by Turks,
690
Caria, emir of, allied with Byzantines, 662;
670; independent of Ottomans, 684; 753
Carlo I, Tocco, Count of Cephalonia, disputes
for Corinth, 458; conquers Epirus and
Joannina, 461; 475
Carlo II, Tocco, ruler of Epirus, dethroned
by Turks, 461; 475
Carlo Thopia, Albanian chief, 553, 583
Carmathians, attack Egyptians at Antioch,
147; revolt against Caliphate, 276
Carniola, 578
Carolingian Empire, 213; renaissance, 777
Carosus, Venetian tribune, conspires against
doge, 397
Carpathian mountains, 200, 210; Turkish
defeats on, 571; 637
Carpathos, held by Turkish pirates, 657
Casis, captured by Saracens, 123
Caspax, admiral of Alexius I, 339
Caspian Gate, 187
Caspian Sea, boundary of Armenia, 153;
186; 188; trade on, 193; 198; 201; Rus-
sian raids on, 206; 274; 277; 295; 490;
630 sq. ; 633; 636; 651 sq. ; 762
Cassandria, Genoese privileges at, 511
Cassiodorus,letter of, concerning Venetia,385
Cassiopo, victory of Venetian feet at, 409
Cassiteras, see Theodotus
Castamon (Castamona), Comnenian lands
near, 318; captured by John II, 357
Castamunites, plots against Emperor Alexius
I, 342
Castel dell'Uovo, at Naples, 452, 567
Castello, Venetian island (Olivolo), 392, 400
Castelnuovo (Novi), founded by Tvrtko I of
Bosnia, 557; 564; 582
Castel Tornese, see Chloumoutsi
Castoria, occupied by Normans, 329; ceded
to Emperor John III, 494
Castriota, George, see Skanderbeg
Castrogiovanni, see Enna
Catacalon Cecaumenus, see Cecaumenus
Catalan, Grand Company, in Asia, 449,
657 sqq. ; win battle of Cephisus, and seize
duchy of Athens, 431, 450 sqq. ; 453;
degeneration of, 455; 456; in Monem.
vasia, 464; in Greece, 474, 614; Catalan
trade with Constantinople, 762; see Mun.
taner, Roger de Flor
Catania, Byzantines defeated at, 135; raided
by Saracens, 137
Catapan, office of, 733 sq. ; in Attalia, 742;
see Argyrus, Boiannes
Cataphracts, Byzantine heavy cavalry, 740
Caterina Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus, cedes
it to Venice, 466, 471, 477
Catherine of Bulgaria, wife of Isaac I, 322;324
Catherine of Valois, titular Latin Empress,
marries Philip of Taranto, 452 sq. ; Accia-
juolo and, 454; 534 sq. ; 474, 476
Catherine Vukčić, marries Stephen Thomas
of Bosnia, 575; escapes to Rome, 581;
death of, 581
Cattaro, 535; 537; 542; 545; 547; Serbian
mint at, 550; captured by Tvrtko I, 557;
559; Venetian, 564 sq. , 567; 574; cathe-
dral at, 527; Bocche di, the, 517,556 sq.
Cauca, ceded to Bohemond of Antioch, 343
Caucasian languages, 195; Caucasians in
Byzantine Empire, 773
Caucasus, boundary of Empire under Basil II,
96; Goths in, 184; 187 sq. ; 190; 638
Cauleas, see Anthony
Cavalry, Byzantine, 739 sq.
Cavarzere, revolts against Venice, 404 sq.
Cavazuccherina (Equilio Jesolo), settlement
of, 386
Cayeux, see Anseau de
Cayster, river, 684
Cecaumenus, Catacalon, dismissed by Michael
VI, 117; at battle of Petroë, 118; crown
offered to, 320; plots against Alexius I,
333


## p. 925 (#967) ############################################

Index
925
Cecaumenus, treatise of, 773; on Byzantine
fleet, 742; 774
Cedrenus, the chronicler, on Constantine
VII, 66; on foundation of Sarkel, 192; 233
note; 239 note; on waterfall of Vodena,
241; 765
Cefalù in Sicily, 136; captured by Saracens,
137; 138; mosaics at, 777
Celestine III, Pope, sends crown to Leo the
Great of Armeno-Cilicia, 172
“Celts from beyond the Alps,” trade of, with
Constantinople, 762; with Salonica, 770
Ceneda, bishop of, opposes Venice, 404
Centarch of the Spatharii, assistant of the
strategus, 734
Centurione, Zaccaria, becomes Prince of
Achaia, 459; defeated by Thomas Palaeo.
logus, 460; 474
Ceos, 484
Cephalonia, and Normans, 330; occupied by
Venetians, 354, 467; Orsini family in, 432,
473; Franciscans in, 438; 446; held by
John of Gravina, 453; 455; 457; taken by
Turks, 466; counts of, see Table, 475 sq. ;
theme of, 39, 733, 742; praetor of, see
Paul
Cephisus, the, battle of, 431; 450 sqq. , 455
Cerasus, Turkish defeat at, 656; trade with
Constantinople, 762
Cerdagne, count of, see William-Jordan
Ceremonies, Book of, by Constantine VII, 58;
67; 142; 144; 746; 754
Cerigo, ravaged by Sicilian fleet, 368; be-
comes Venetian seigniory, 421, 436; re-
covered for Michael VIII, 445; Venetian
colony, 457, 465 sq.
; Byzantine fleet de-
stroyed off, 488; 475
Cerigotto, island of, becomes Venetian seig-
niory, 436; becomes Byzantine, 445
Cerines, Cypriote fortress, 471
Certosa, the, at Florence, 454
Cerularius, see Michael
Cesarini, Cardinal Julian, killed at Vama,
572; at Council of Ferrara, 622; and
Treaty of Szegedin, 571, 624, 691
Cetina, the, ceded to Bosnia, 556; 587
Cetinje, made capital of Montenegro, 587
Ceylon, trade with Constantinople, 762
Chagri Beg, ruler of the Seljūgs, 304 sq. ;
314
Chalandritza in Greece, 460
Chalcedon, 78; 667; Council of, 155; metro-
politan of; see Léo
Chalcidice, peninsula of, 141
Chalcis (Negropont), see Negropont
Chalcocondyles, kinsman of Duchess of
Athens, 462
Chalcocondyles (Chalcondyles), Demetrius,
Athenian scholar, 462
Chalcocondyles (Chalcondyles), Laonikos,
Athenian historian, 461 sq. , 474; 558
note; 579 note; 659; 671 note; 677 note;
685 note; 688 note; 692 note; 695 note; 700
note, 765
Chalcondyles, see Chalcocondyles
Chalcutzes, Nicetas, conquers Cyprus, 145
Chaldaïsm, Michael Cerularius accused of,
323
Chaldeans, the, and Pope Eugenius IV, 623;
see Nestorian
Chaldia, theme of, 39, 733; trade with Con.
stantinople, 762
Chamáretos, John, in Laconia, 434
Chamber of Loans (Camera degli imprestidi)
at Venice, 413
Chamorlu, battle of, 563
Champagne, see Theobald; marshal of, see
Villebardouin
Champlitte, see Robert, William
Chandax, see Candia
Chapar Khan, Mongol ruler, 641
Charices, rebels against Alexius I, 331
Charisius, gate of, see Hadrianople Gate
Charistikarioi, beneficiaries of monastic re-
venues, 349
Charlemagne, Emperor of the West, and the
Lombards 18 sq. ; and Empress Irene, 20,
22, 24; crowned Emperor, 24; and Nice.
phorus I, 36; 226; 385; and Venice, 392
sqq. ; embassy to Constantinople, 393;
signs treaty of Aix, 395; 396
Charles Martel, victory of, at Poitiers, 2; and
Pope Gregory III, 10; 391 sq.
Charles III the Fat, Emperor of the West,
and Venice, 399 sq.
Charles I (of Anjou), King of Naples, and
Achaia, 444; becomes Prince of Achaia,
446, 448; 496; and Emperor John IV, 513
note; plans to recover the Latin Empire,
527, 596; and Emperor Michael VIII, 610
sqq. ; 474 ; 476
Charles II, King of Naples, 446; and suze.
rainty of Greece, 448, 474, 476
Charles III, King of Naples, Lord of Corfù,
476
Charles IV the Fair, King of France, and
Andronicus II, 614
Charles V, King of France, and John V,
618
Charles VI, King of France, and Theodore
Cantacuzene, 618, 678
Charles of Valois, and the Latin Empire,
534, 614
Charlotte, titular Queen of Cyprus, 466, 471;
477
Charsianum, theme of, 39, 733 sq. ; troops
of, 137; victory of Sclerus at, 86; fortress
of, taken by Saracens, 120; Saracens de-
feated at, 129; 134
Chartularii, office of, 730
Chartulary of the Sakellion, office of, 731
Chartulary of the Theme, assistant of the
strategus, 734
Chatalar, inscription at, 235
Chatalja, near Constantinople, 234
Chateaumorant, defends Constantinople,
Chatillon, see Reginald
Chaucer, and dukes of Athens, 442
Chazars, Turkish tribe, 38; 42; Cyril's mis.
677 sq.


## p. 926 (#968) ############################################

926
Index
sion to, 44, 219 sq. ; 122; invade Armenia,
126; 187; Chazar Empire, 187 sqq. ; re-
ligious tolerance of, 191; 192 sqq. ; 199;
and Russian trade, 201; 203; decline of,
207; 210; in Byzantine army, 738, 750;
Leo the Chazar, see Leo IV, Emperor
Cheimarra, Bulgarian bishopric, 243
Xelávdia, Chelandia (Zalandria) (Byzantine
bireme), 398 note, 743
Chelebi, “gentleman,” epithet applied to
Mahomet 1, 688
Chelidonia in Lycia, Saracen fleet destroyed
off, 131
Chemishgadzak (Hierapolis), birthplace of
John I, 78
Chemshkik, Chemishgig, real name of Tzi-
misces, 78
Chena, Turkish defeat at, 656
Chêpina, Bulgarian fortress, ceded to Theo.
dore II, 502, 525
Cheremises, Ugrian tribe, 194
Cherkesses, see Kasogs
Chernigov, destroyed by Mongols, 637; see
Rostislav
Cherson (Korsun), 19; and Justinian II, 189;
192; 208; ceded to Vladimir the Great,
209; St Cyril at, 220; 264; beld by Turks,
659; theme of, 39, 733; bishop of, 32;
ancient Greek colony (Chersonesus), 183
Chidmas (Chingylus), river, in Magyar terri-
tory, 195
Chiftliks, Turkish military lands, 674
Chiliandarion, death of Stephen Nemanja
at, 518
China, Chinese Empire, 185; 198; and
Mongols, 279, 628 sq. , 632 sqq. , 636, 644
sqq. ; Kublai Khan's government of, 647
sq. ; Mongols expelled from, 649; and
Tīmūr, 651, 686; Mongol massacres in,
634; Chinese derivation of us Mongol,”
630; Chinese annals, 187, 632; Keraits in,
650; Muslim trade with, 286; 631; trade
with Constantinople, 762; see Kin, Ming,
Sung
Chinardo, lord of Corfù, 476
Chingylus, see Chidmas
Chioggia (Clugies major), settlement of, 386;
captured by Pepin, 394
Chios (Scio), 81, 110; and Venetians, 354,
371, 411; Venetian disaster at, 413; in
Latin Empire, 421; taken by Emperor
John III, 428, 487; Genoese in, 431, 465,
467, 511, 616, 672, 684; Zaccaria family
in, 455; Turks in, 468, 654, 657; 672;
675; archbishop of, see Leonard
Chirmen, near Hadrianople, 555; see Maritza
Chliara, 344; fortified by Emperor Manuel,
378; conferred on Hospitallers, 480
Chloumoûtsi (Clermont, Castel Tornese),
castle of, built by Geoffrey II, 439, 441,
473; Constantine Palaeologus at, 460;
bishop of, see Stephen
Choirokoitia, victory of, 470
Choisy, on Byzantine art, 768
Choki, Tartar chief, and Bulgaria, 530 sq.
Chonae, given to Mavrozómes, 482; ceded
by Seljūgs to Theodore II, 504
Chonarium, defeat of Michael III by Sara-
cens at, 46, 133
Choniates, see Nicetas
Chora, abbot of, 32; see Constantinople,
churches of
Chorene, see Moses of
Chorlu (Tzurulum), 327; 421; 429 sq. ; cap-
tured by Latins, 490; by John III, 493;
by Turks, 667
Chosroes I Nūshirwan, Sasanid King of
Persia, builds the Caspian Gate against
the Chazars, 187
Chosroes II, Sasanid King of Persia, 280
Chozan, theme of, 733
Chrabr, monk, on Slav script, 222
Chresianus, Bardas Phocas proclaimed Em-
peror at, 87
Christian of Mayence, arch-chancellor of
Frederick I, 379
Christianity and image worship, 6; the
Eastern Empire its champion against Is-
lām, 25; Leo III on Christianity and pa-
ganism, 30; brought to the Slavs, 44;
215 sqq. ; Bulgarians, 235 sqq. , 45; Vla-
dimir of Russia converted, 90, 207 sqq. ;
conversion of the Magyars, 213 sqq. ; the
Chazars and, 190 sq. , 219 sqq. ; character
of Byzantine Christianity, 774; under
Islām, 287 sqq. ; 316; see Crusades; Mon.
gols and, 493, 640; under Mahomet II,
625; under early Sultans, 661, 663
Christodulus of Patmos, St, monastic re-
former, and Alexius I, 349; 754
Christopher, son of Romanus I, crowned by
his father, 61; death, 63
Christopher, son-in-law of Basil I, 51
Christopher, Patriarch of Antioch, 80
Christopher, bishop of Olivolo, 393
Christópolis (Kavala), Lombards in, 426 sq. ;
pass of, 541; see also Kavala
Christos Philanthropos, monastery of,
Alexius I buried at, 347
“ Chronicle of the Morea,” found at Thebes,
454; quoted on prosperity of Achaia, 445;
473 sq. ; 509 note
Chrysoberges, see Nicholas
Chrysochir, Paulician leader, 139
Chrysopolis, 20; 55; 72; victory of Basil II
at, 88; 124; 322; abbot of, 32
Chrysostom, St John, speeches of, 237; and
Byzantine learning, 758
Chrysotriclinium, Imperial throne-room,
see under Constantinople
Chudes, Slavonic tribe, 209
Chumnus, Michael, nomophylax of the
School at Constantinople, 720, 724
Church, Armenian, its solidarity, 153, 155
sq. , 182; 163; 167; see Messalians; at.
tempts to unite it with Roman Church,
172; 178; 180; and Byzantine Church,
259; 737; Alexius I and, 350; Manuel
and, 363, 376; Patriarch accepts Union of
Florence, 623; see Councils, Katholikos


## p. 927 (#969) ############################################

Index
927
Church, Bulgarian; foundation of, 235 sq. ;
45; and the Papacy, 47, 236, 252 sq. ,
520, 612; obtains Patriarchate, 238, 523;
and Romanus I, 62, 238; and John I, 240;
and Basil II, 94, 243, 259; under Tsar
John Alexander, 548; subordinate to Pa-
triarch of Constantinople, 53, 560; auto-
cephalia of, 595; 736; see Councils
Church, Byzantine (Orthodox), 26; church
property and taxation, 27; Church and
State, 25, 31; Photian schism, 248 sqq. ,
47, 53 sq. , 56; and Leo V's marriages,
57, 62, 256 sq. ; and Nicephorus II, 73 sqq. ,
91; Schism with Rome, 112 sqq. , Chaps.
IX, XIX; and Armenian Church, 156, 363;
and Russian Church, 207; and Isaac I,
323; and Alexius I, 332, 349; and Manuel
I, 363 sq. ; and Roman Church, 333, 345,
497; Latin oppression of, 423, 437, 446,
451; Theodore I and, 486 sqq. ; schism
with Epirus, 496; John II and, 498;
Theodore II and, 505; and Bulgarian
Church, 236, 523, 560; in Cyprus, 471;
in Crete, 472; Serbian Patriarchate and,
548, 551, 554; and Moldavia, 568; and
unification of Empire, 737; power of,
751 sqq. ; preachers and theologians of,
766; relations with Papacy, Chaps. Ix,
XIX; see also Canon Law, Christianity,
Councils, Iconoclasm, Moechian, Monas-
ticism, Patriarchate, Studion
Church, Serbian, sees of, 90; use of Slavonic
liturgy, 229; autocephalous, 487, 498,
521 sq. , 528, 537, 595; its Patriarch at
Ipek, 542; 554; 578; and Council of Lyons,
. 612
Church, Latin, see Latin, Roman
Cibyrrhaeots, theme of, 3, 35, 733, 742, 744;
123, 125; strategus of, see Craterus
Cilicia, campaigns of Nicephorus II in, 70,
74, 78, 145 sqq. ; fighting in, 120, 123, 126;
128 sqq. ; 140, 142; Saracen province of,
132; 153; 187; John II's campaign in,
348, 353, 359 sq. ; Crusaders in, 338, 341,
343; 360; 365; 367; 374; 376; Androni.
cus Comnenus in, 373, 375, 381; Cyprus
and, 470; Turkish tribes in, 653; finally
annexed by Turks, 182; Mamlūks invade,
669; see Armeno-Cilicia
Cilician Gates, frontier fighting at, 120, 124
sqq. , 131; 140; 653
Cimmerian Bosphorus, 185; Jews of, 190;
205; see Bosphorus
Cinnamus, Byzantine chronicler, 351; 362 ;
602; 765
Circassian Mamlūks at Damascus, 680
Cistercians, in Greece, 438
Civitate, Leo IX made prisoner at, 268
Civita Vecchia, bishop of, see Orbevieto
Civitot (Gemlik), fortress of, built by Alex-
ius I, 331 ; 336; disaster of Crusaders at,
337; and Theodore I, 483; taken by
Orkhān, 665; sacked by Timūr, 683
Clans, in ancient Bulgaria and modern Al-
bania, 231
Clari, see Robert of
Claudias, taken by Constantine V from the
Saracens, 122
Claudiopolis, bishop of, see Thomas
Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, ambassador to
Timūr, 640; 650
Clazomenae, 488
ClementIV, Pope, and Michael VIII, 610, 612
Clement V, Pope, and Stephen Uroš II, 534;
638
Clement VI, Pope, and Armenia, 180; and
union with Byzantine Church, 615 sq.
Clement, St, relics of discovered by St Cyril,
220, 224, 250
Clement the Slav, supposed author of “Pan.
nonian” Legends of SS. Methodius and
Cyril, 217 note
Clermont, Council of, 410, 599
Clermont, see Chloumoûtsi
Clisurae (military governments), 39, 734
Clisurarchs, 734
Clugies major, see Chioggia
Clugies minor, see Sottomarina
Cluny, abbey of and Pope John XIX, 262
sq. ; see Bernard, Peter
Cobidas, commentator on the Digest, 707
Coco, James, attempts to destroy Turkish
fleet in Golden Horn, 700
Code of Justinian, Chap. xxn passim; 5,
52, 58 sq. , 369
Coela, port of, 376
Coinage of Byzantium, 39; of Isaac I, 322;
debasement of, 348; Theodore I and, 487;
of Nicene Emperors, 514; of Trebizond,
516; of Bulgars, 193; Arab coins in Rus-
sia, 201, 206; Persian coins in Russia,
193; coinage expedients of Latin Emper-
ors, 420, 429; of Neopatras, 449; of Latin
princes of Greece, 439, 441, 451 sq. ; of
Lesbos, 465; counterfeit coinage of Stephen
Uroš II, 535; Serbian mint, 550; Bosnian
coinage, 550, 556; of Duke of Spalato,
566; coins of Semendria, 569; currency of
Kublai Khan, 630, 640, 647; of Orkhān,
663; copper currency in India, 651; Ven.
etian right to coin, 400, 514; in Cyprus,
469; see Bezant, Keration, Nomisma,
Solidus
Colbigni, foreign mercenaries in Byzantine
army, 347
Collectio Canonum, part of Syntagma, 723
Collectio Constitutionum Ecclesiasticarum
Tripertita, 711
Collectio XXV Capitulorum, 711
Collectio LXXXVII Capitulorum, 711
Cologne, archbishop of, and Photius, 249;
see Gero; 336; marks of, 414
Colonea, military government of, 39; 733;
381; see Theodore
Colonies, Byzantine, 736
Comacchio, defeat of Byzantine fleet at, 394;
salt trade at, 396, 399; coveted by Venice,
399; sacked and taken, 400
Comana, conquered by Ghāzi, 357
Comania (Kūmistān), in Persia, 631


## p. 928 (#970) ############################################

928
Index
Comitatus, comites, in Hungary, 215
Comitopouloi, “Young Counts,” the sons of
Shishman of Bulgaria, 240
Commagene, 2
Comne, original home of the Comneni, 318
Comnena, see Anna
Comneni, dynasty, Chaps. XI, XO; 82 sq. ;
118; 318, 378; end of, 384; 421; found
Empire of Trebizond and despotat of
Epirus, 423; 424; 428; 479 sq. ; and Bul.
garia, 245; and the Church, 603; 724;
726, 728, 733, 737 sqq. ; court of, 756;
churches built by, 753, 770; renaissance
under, 769; see Alexius, Andronicus,
Epirus, Isaac, John, Manuel, Michael
Angelus, Trebizond
Comnenus, Alexius, eldest son of John II,
death of, 361
Comnenus, Alexius, natural son of Manuel,
380
Comnenus, Alexius, Protosebastos, nephew
of Manuel, and favourite of Mary of An.
tioch, 380
Comnenus, Andronicus, son of Alexius I,
346
Comnenus, Andronicus, son of John II, 361,
363, 376, 380
Comnenus, Arianites, see Arianites
Comnenus, David, brother of Alexius I of
Trebizond, successes of, 425, 480; de.
feated by Theodore I, 482; Latin Empire
and, 483; death of, 485
Comnenus, Isaac, see Isaac I Comnenus,
Emperor
Comnenus, Isaac, brother of Alexius I, 326
Concordia, on Venetian mainland, 386
Conon of Béthune, governs Latin Empire,
427
Conrad II, the Salic, Emperor of the West,
embassy of to Constantine VIII, 97; and
Venice, 407 sq.
Conrad III, King of the Romans, and John II,
360 sq. , 365; at Second Crusade, 366 sqq. ;
369
Conrad, Moravian prince, 356
Conrad of Montferrat, 379
Conrad of Wittelsbach, archbishop of May.
ence, at coronation of Leo the Great of
Armeno-Cilicia, 172
Conradin, last of the Hohenstaufen, 444
Constance, Council of, Byzantine embassy
at, 619; canon of, see John of Ragusa
Constance of Aragon, wife of Leo V of
Armeno-Cilicia, 179
Constance of Hohenstaufen (Anna), wife of
Emperor John III, 429, 495; her varied
career,
496
Constance, Princess of Antioch, daughter of
Bohemond, 359; and Manuel, 373; 381
Constans II, Emperor, 230 note
Constantine the Great, Emperor, 24; sup-
posed ancestor of Basil I, 49; 318; 489;
542; 679; 729; 754
Constantine III, Emperor, visits Armenia,
156
Constantine IV (Pogonatus), Emperor, de-
feated by the Bulgarians, 230
Constantine V Copronymus, Emperor, birth
and coronation, 3; succeeds his father,
11; character, 12; internal administra-
tion, 13, 4; organizes army, 4; military
exploits, 12, 121 sg. ; war against Bulgars,
13, 231 sq. ; struggle with image worship,
13 sqq. ; Novels, 708, 710; loses Italy, 18;
death of, 19; 20; 29; 73; his leniency to
Arab prisoners, 122; marriage to Chazar
princess, 189
Constantine VI, Emperor, 19; proposal for
his marriage, 20; struggle with his mother,
22 sq. ; marriage with Maria, 22; marries
Theodote, 23, 28; his character, 22; con-
quered and blinded by Irene, 24; im.
personated, 35; campaigns against Arabs,
125, and Bulgarians, 232, 256; Novels,
710
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Emperor,
birth and baptism, 57, 256; crowned, 257;
character, 59, 66; marriage to Helena,
61; personal government, 63; family
circle, 64; poisoned, 65; and religious
affairs, 65; and Papacy, 260; administra-
tion, 66; literary works, 67; death, 67;
Saracen campaigns, 142 sq. ; on Romanus I,
61 note; 51; 53; 58; 68; 70 sq. ; rela-
tionship to Romanus III, 98 note; op
foundation of Sarkel, 192; on Magyars,
195 sq. ; on the Patzinaks, 197 sq. ; on
Russians, 204, 206; 237; on Torcello,
391; on Pepin's repulse from Venice, 394;
714; Novels of, 715 sq. , 721, 725; on
sq. ; 332
Comnenus, Isaac, the Sebastocrator, son of
Alexius I, father of Andronicus I, 346,
352; plots against John II, 357; 360;
365; 381
Comnenus, Isaac, Sebastocrator, son of Em.
peror John II, at siege of Anazarbus, 169;
364 sq. , 374
Comnenus, Isaac, rebel Emperor in Cyprus,
384
Comnenus, John, brother of Isaac I, 318;
declines the crown, 324; family of, 326
Comnenus, John, nephew of Alexius I, plots
against him, 332
Comnenus, John, nephew of John II, deserts
to the Turks, 360
Comnenus, John, nephew of Manuel I,
376
Comnenus, John, son of Emperor Androni.
cus, 380
Comnenus, Manuel (Eroticus), defends Ni-
caea against Sclerus, 85; father of Emperor
Isaac I, 318
Comnenus, Manuel, brother of Alexius I,
326
Comnenus, Manuel, son of Emperor Andro-
nicus, 380
Comnenus, Nicephorus, disgraced by Con.
stantine VIII, 97; 318
Como, 405; see Benedict of


## p. 929 (#971) ############################################

Index
929
Constantine II, Katholikos of Armenia, 179
Constantine, Patriarch of the Armenians,
accepts the Union of Florence, 623
Constantine, bishop of Nacolea, Icono-
clast, 8
Constantine, bishop of Nicomedia, Icono-
clast, 8
Constantine the Philosopher, Bulgarian
scholar, at Serbian court, 561; biographer
of Stephen Lazarević, 565; 465 note
Constantine the Rhodian, poem of, on Con.
stantinople, 746, 749
Constantine, see Cyril, St
Constantine, pupil of St Methodius, 237
Constantine Nicaeus, Byzantine juriscon-
sult, 714, 722
Constantinople, passim; besieged by Sara-
cens, 2, 119, 151; earthquake at, 4, 95;
anti-iconoclast riots at, 9; stormed by Con.
stantine V,12; Charlemagne's embassy in,
393; besieged by Krum Khan, 29, 37, 233;
by Thomas the Slavonian, 35, 235; Russian
ambassadors at, 38, 90; attacked by Rus-
sians, 46, 140,203,205, 743; Russian mer-
chants at, 205 sq. ; Olga at, 207; walls, 40,
269, 696 sqq. ; foreign embassies at, under
Constantine VII, 66; risings in, against
Bringas, 72; against Nicephorus II, 76;
embassy of Gero at, 81; threatened by
Sclerus, 85 sq. ; Venetians at, 94, 391, 396,
407, 411, 413, 606; embassy of Conrad II
at, 97; Saracen embassy at, 100; insurrec-
tion against Michael V, 106; threatened
by Tornicius, 111; rising in favour of
Cerularius, 113, 271; revolt against
Michael VI, 118, 321; threatened by
Saracen fleet, 141; Armenian kings at,
62, 159 sq. , 165; Armenian colony at,
182; besieged by Avars, 186; Turkish
embassies at, 187; threatened by Magyars,
212; SS. Cyril and Methodius at, 217
sq. , 228; Moravian embassy at, 221 sg. ;
besieged by Simeon of Bulgaria, 238; cap-
tured by Alexius I, 327; Crusaders at,
316, 336 sq. ; threatened by Normans, 325,
408; massacre of Latins at, 382, 414;
Qilij Arslan at, 377; Fourth Crusade at,
Chap. XIV; sack of, 420, 605, 777; par-
tition of, 421; influence of, 777; attacked
by Theodore I, 484; by John III, 429,
489, 493, 523; by Michael VIII, 509;
taken, 429, 431, 443, 511 sqq. , 526;
threatened by Bulgarians, 537; attacked
by Mahomet I, 619; Boucicaut at, 618,
676 sq. ; attacked by Bāyazid, 675 sqq.
by Mūsa, 686; by Murad II, 689; siege of,
and capture, by Mahomet II, 693 sqq. ,
463, 575; Western pilgrims at, 258, 264,
266; Papal legates at, 256, 261, 269 sqq. ;
intellectual activity of, 66 sq. , 114, 763 sqq. ;
Pisan quarter at, 344; Italians at, 362;
Manuel's buildings at, 364; Andronicus I's
buildings at, 383; description of, 744 sqq. ;
fortifications of, 40, 697; population, 750,
758 sqq. ; included in theme of Thrace, 733
59
ceremonial, 727 sq. , 746, 754; on nation.
ality, 735; 765
Constantine VIII, Emperor, birth of and
coronation, 68, 83; 79; his character, 83,
97; 88; personal government, 96 sq. , 318;
and Arabs, 97; death, 98; 107; 148;
and
Armenia, 164
Constantine IX Monomachus, Emperor,
marriage and coronation, 108; character,
109; revolts against, 110 sq. , 271 ; and
the Schism, 112 sq. , 269 sqq. ; literary
renaissance under, 114; death, 115; 117;
and Seljūq Turks, 150; and Armenia, 111,
165; 259, 265; 319; 364; and Papacy,
595; and School of Law, 706, 716, 718 sqq. ,
734; 715; 721
Constantine X Ducas, Emperor, plots against
Michael VI, 320, 325; nominated by Isaac
I to succeed him, 324; and Papal election,
597; Novel of, 720
Constantine XI Palaeologus (Dragases),
Emperor, conquests in Morea, 460 sq. ;
crowned at Mistra, 462; and Union of the
Churches, 624 sq. ; and Mūrād II, 692;
694; defends Constantinople, 695 sqq. ;
698, 700, 703; death, 463, 704; 593
Constantine I, Prince of Armeno-Cilicia,
consolidates his kingdom, 168; 169
Constantine, regent of Armeno-Cilicia, 173
sqq.
Constantine III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 177
Constantine IV, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Constantine V, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Constantine, King of Serbia, natural son of
Stephen Uroš II, 536, 590
Constantine Bodin of Dioclea, Serbian
prince, proclaimed Tsar of Bulgaria, 244;
245; deserts Alexius I, 330; 356
Constantine Asên, Tsar of Bulgaria, 510;
525 sqq. ; death, 528; 531; 590
Constantine, son of Emperor Basil I, 50;
death, 51, 253; 54 sq. ; 708; 712; 717
Constantine, son of Emperor Romanus I,
crowned by his father, 61; death of, 64
Constantine, the Paphlagonian, brother of
Michael IV, made Domestic of the Oriental
Scholae, 102; favourite of Michael V, 105;
intrigues against Zoë and the Patriarch,
106; fall and punishment, 107; 110
Constantine Ducas, see Ducas
Constantine Lascaris, brother of Theodore I,
defeated by Latins, 481
Constantine, the patrician, commander in
Sicily, 134; defeated and slain, 135
Constantine, King of the Ethiopians, accepts
the Council of Florence, 623
Constantine, Duke of Neopatras, 475
Constantine, the Serbian, friend of Marko,
555; rules at Köstendil, 557; killed,
561
Constantine, Patriarch of Constantinople,
15; executed by Constantine V, 16
Constantine Lichudes, made Patriarch of
Constantinople, 324; 106; 110; learning
of, 114
C. MED. H. VOL. IV.


## p. 930 (#972) ############################################

930
Index
churches of, 769: see St Sophia; St Constitutional History, Muslim political
George of Mangana, 114 sq. , 346, 719; theory, 280 sq. ; constitution of Venice,
St Irene, 753; St Mary, 511; St Mary of 397, 407, 409, 413; Serbian, 547; Byzan.
the Amalfitans, 264; St Mary Peribleptos, tine political theory, 727 sqq.
100; St Mocius, 256; SS. Sergius and Contarini, Bartolomeo, and Duchess of
Bacchus (Little St Sophia), 753, 768; St Athens, 463 sq.
Stephen, 264; St Theodosius (Gul-jāmi“), Contarini, Domenico, doge of Venice,
704; Chora(Qahriye-jāmi“), 749, 753, 408
769, 770; Forty Martyrs, 383; Holy Contomytes, Constantine, strategus of the
Apostles, 21, 30, 47, 55, 69, 77, 248, 746, Thracesians, defeats Arabs, 131; defeated
748, 753, 764, 768, 776; New Church in Sicily, 137
(véa), 53, 100, 753, 769; Pammakaristos Contostephanus, Alexius, commander under
(Fethiye-jāmi'), 749, 753; Pantokrator Emperor Manuel I, 368, 376
(Kilīsa-jāmi“), 352, 365, 625, 749, 753; Copronymus, nickname of Emperor Con.
of the Theotokos (Vefa-jāmi“), 753; Latin stantine V, 11
churches at, see Latin Church; convent Coquerel, Mahiot de, Navarrese leader,
of Nine Orders, 323; icon of Path-find- conquers Attica, 456, 474
ing Virgin, 513; Pantepoptes monastery Cordova, emirs of, and Theophilus, 38
(Eski-Imaret-jāmi'), 346, 749; Petrion, Corfù, see Table, 476; reduced by Guiscard,
convent of, 100, 107; St John monastery, 329; 330; 354; taken by Normans, 368; 371;
509; St Paul hospital, 349; Soter monas- Venetiansat, 409,411; 412, 414; Crusaders
tery, 615
at, 414; becomes Venetian seigniory, 421;
palaces at: Blachernae, 756; Bucoleon, 428; 432; 434 sqq. ; 440; 453; 456; Vene-
76, 754; Caenurgium, 53, 754; Chalce, tian, 457, 464 sqq. ,583; besieged by Turks,
52. (vestibule), 754; Chrysotriclinium, 467; Latin culture in, 472; 493; sect of
754; Dolma Bagcha (modern), 696, 699; "Naked” at, 760
Eleutherian, 25; Hieria, 14; Magnaura Coriatović, see Juga
(and School of Law), 21, 39, 42, 52, 711, Corinth, taken by Normans, 368; 424; 434;
764; Petrion, 73; Porphyrogenitus, 698, taken by Geoffrey Villehardouin, 438;
700; Sacred Palace, 9, 41, 68, 79, 107, 441; 447; 456; 458; Hospitallers at, 459,
118, 321, 346, 727, 748, 750, 753 sqq. ; St 677; becomes Turkish, 463; tournament
Mamas, 48, 50 sq. , 234; of the Springs, at, 473; silk manufacture at, 770; Gulf
269 sqq. ; Sigma terrace, 39, 107; Tricon- of, 436, 439, 459, 465; Isthmus of, 690;
chus, 39, 754; 748
made archbishopric, 438; archbishop of,
Amastrianon Square, 749, 761; Ātmey- and Aristotle, 474; see Acrocorinth, Hexa-
dān, see Hippodrome; Augusteum, 748, milion
754, 761; Bous (Taurus) Square, 748 sq. , Corleone, tributary to Arabs, 136
761; Capitol, 748; Cyclobium fortress, Coron, in Messenia, held by Venice, 421,
666; Forum, 51, 748, 761; ancient, 759; 431, 434, 438, 453; 457; 461, 465; cap-
of Arcadius, 749; Golden Milestone, 748; tured by Turks, 467; 476
Hebdomon quarter at, 509; Hippodrome Coronation of Emperors in St Sophia, 728;
(Circus, Atmeydān), 758 sqq. ; 12, 16, 52, 752; at Nicaea, 488; coronation oath of
65, 68 sq. , 87, 384, 699, 750 sq. , 754, 757 ; Venetian doge, 413
Lausiacus Arcade, 754; Law Courts, 719; Coronea, Turks at, 675
Long Portico, 761; Maḥmūdiye mosque, Coronello, Francesco, Spanish Jew, governs
698; Mese, street, 748 sq. , 761; district, Naxos, 468
749; Philadelphion cross-roads, 748; Corpus Iuris civilis, 714, see Code of
Praetorium, 778; Senate House, 748; Justinian
Strategion, 761; Gates, see Golden, Corpus Legum, 722
Hadrianople, Holy Angels, Pege, St Ro- Corum, besieged by Arabs, 126; destroyed,
manus
128, 130
Constantinople, Patriarchs of, see Alexius, Corvinus, see Matthias
Anastasius, Anthony Cauleas, Anthony of Cos, 128; plundered by Venetians, 411;
the Studion, Arsenius, Athanasius, Basil, assigned to Latin Empire, 491; taken by
Callistus, Constantine, Constantine Li- Emperor John III, 428
chudes, Cosmas, Eustatbius, Euthymius, Cosmas, Byzantine illustrated MS. of, at
Gennadius, Germanus, Gregory, Ignatius, Vatican, 768
John Beccus, John Hylilas, Joseph, Cosmas, Patriarch of Constantinople, crowns
Methodius, Metrophanes, Michael Anchia- Alexius I and Irene, 328
lus, Michael Cerularius, Nicephorus, Ni. Cosmas, Patriarch of Constantinople, de-
cholas Chrysoberges, Nicholas Mysticus, posed by Manuel, 362
Paul, Philotheus, Photius, Polyeuctes, Cosmas, the presbyter, opponent of the
Sergius, Sisinnius, Stephen, Tarasius, Bogomile heresy, 238
Theodotus Cassiteras, Theophylact, Try- Cossacks, and Mongols, 650
phon; (Latin) Thomas Morosini.
Cotyaeum, 85


## p. 931 (#973) ############################################

Index
931
two
Council of Regency, in minority of Emperor
Constantine VII, 59 sq.
Council of Ten, Venetian, created, 409
Councils (and Synods), see especially Chaps.
IX, XIX; Ecumenical Councils and Jus.
tinian's Code, 711; Fourth Ecumenical
Council, at Chalcedon (451), 155
Armenian Church: at Sis (1307), con.
forms to Latin uses, 178
Bulgarian Church:
Councils
against Bogomiles, 548
Byzantine Church: at Constantinople,
in the palace of Hieria (753), against
image worship, 14; at Nicaea (787, Seventh
Ecumenical Council), restores images, 1,
21, 246; at Constantinople (807), starts
Moechian troversy, 28; (809), against
Studites, 28; (815), in St Sophia, renews
decrees against image worship, 31, 246;
(843), finally restores images, 41, 246 sq. ;
(861), in church of Holy Apostles, de.
clares for Photius, 47, 248; (867), con-
demns Latin uses and declares independ.
ence of Byzantine Church, 249 sqq. ; (869-
870, Eighth Ecumenical Council), in St
Sophia, deposes Photius, 53, 251 sq. ;
(879), re-instates Photius, 253 sq. ; (920),
condemns fourth marriages, 62; (1009),
re-asserts independence of Byzantine
Church, 91, 261; (1054), in St Sophia,
schism with Rome, 113 sq. , 595; (1450),
in St Sophia, refuses union with Rome,
624
Roman Church: in the Lateran (732),
389; (769), condemns iconoclasts, 18; at
Mantua (827), 407; in the Lateran (863),
condemns Photius, 47, 249; in St Peter's
(868), condemns Council of Constanti.
nople (867), 251; at Ravenna (877), 399;
at Clermont (1095), proclamation of First
Crusade, 410, 599; at Bari (1098), 599
sq. ; in St Peter's (1099), 599; at Bene-
vento (1102), 341; in the Lateran (1215,
Fourth Lateran Council), 607; at Lyons
(1245), 495, 608; at Lyons (1274), union
with Byzantine Church, 527, 611 sqq. ,
615, 623; at Pisa (1409), 619; at Con-
stance (1414–18), 619; at Basle (1431),
620 sq. ; at Ferrara (1438), 621 sq. ; at
Florence (1439), union with Byzantine
Church, 182, 595 sq. , 622 sq. , 690
Count of the Hetairia, assistant of the
strategus, 734
Count of the Tent (kóptn), assistant of the
strategus, 734
Counts, Byzantine officials, 734, 739; Serbian
title, 542
Court, Byzantine, splendour of, 13; 24; 40,
727, 754 sqq.
Courtenay, see Peter, Philip, Robert
Cracow, captured by Mongols, 652
Craina, the, on Dalmatian coast, metropoli-
tan see of the Zeta, transferred from, 587
Craiova, “little Wallachia," held by Hun.
Crasus in Phrygia, 121; Emperor Nice-
phorus I defeated at, 126
Craterus, father of the Empress Theophano,
67
Craterus, strategus of the Cibyrrhaeots,
defeated by Arabs, 128
Cremona, subsidized by Manuel I, 370; bishop
of, see Liud prand
Crescentius II, patrician of Rome, and the
Papacy, 91; 259; 263
Crete, province of, 4; seized by Spanish
Arabs, 36, 119, 128 sq. ; raids by pirates
of, 45, 131 sq. , 134, 141 sq. ; captured
by Nicephorus II, 69, 144, 239; 70; diocese
of, placed under Patriarch of Constanti-
nople, 10; revolt in, against Alexius I, 331;
becomes Venetian, 421, 431; Venetian
government of, 434 sqq. , 457; 465 sqq. ;
native aristocracy in, 473; rebellion
against Venetians in, 488, 494, 616;
Genoese in, 511; Latin Church in, 606,
616, 621; 737; Muslim conquest of, 472;
476
Crimea, the, 39; attacked by the Russians,
90, 209; Goths in, 184; Turks and Chazars
in, 188 sq. ; 190; Patzinaks and, 199;
207 sq. , 220; Justinian II in, 189, 231;
tributary to empire of Trebizond, 487, 514
Crispo, dynasty in Archipelago, 467, 473
sq. ; see Francesco, Giovanni; dukes of,
see Table, 475 sq.
Critobulus, Imbrian historian, 474; des.
cription of Serbia, 576; on siege of Con-
stantinople, 695 note, 696 note, 698, 700
note, 702; 703 sq. ; 765
Crnagora (Montenegro), derivation of, 586
Crnojević, family in Montenegro, 586
Croatia, Slavonic liturgy in, 229; 234; and
Bulgarians, 235, 238; independent of
Byzantium, 325; 545; “King of Croatia,
559, 575, 579; 580 sq. ; influence of By-
zantium on, 776; Croats, 399; 406; 545;
559; 565; Bogomiles among, 583; prince
of, see Braslav
Crusades, the, First Crusade, 333 sqq. , 410,
599; Second Crusade, 366 sqq. , 600 sq. ;
Third Crusade, 384, 414, 519, 603; Fourth
Crusade, 414, Chap. XIV; and Armenia,
153 sq. , 167 sq. , 172, 180; and Seljūgs, 278,
299, 302, 314 sqq. ; Alexius I and, 315 sq. ,
333 sqq. , 352, 599; Manuel and, 366 sqq. ,
600 sg. ; Pisan Crusades, 344, 407; Venice
and, 409 sq. , 414, Chap. XIV; Popes and,
Chap. Xix passim, see Eugenius, Innocent,
Urban ; John I's plans for, 148; Peter of
Cyprus and, 470; Crusade of the Archi.
pelago, 616; Eighth Crusade, 610; and
Mongols, 628; 638 sq.