Holmes was by
profession
a physician, and in
1847 was made professor of anatomy and phys-
iology in the medical school of Harvard.
1847 was made professor of anatomy and phys-
iology in the medical school of Harvard.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
A German writer of
juvenile stories; born in Bernburg, Feb. 21,
1814; died in Dresden, July II, 1882. He was
partner with his brother Karl in the book
business, but subsequently traveled about and
supported himself by writing stories for child-
His many books have attained wide pop-
ularity, and not a few have been translated
into all civilized tongues. He founded a pop-
ular periodical for children, Neuer Deutsche
Jugendfreund.
Hoffmann, Hans. A German novelist and
poet; born in Stettin, July 27, 1848. He studied
philology at Bonn and in Italy, and became a
professor at the Stettin Academy after the
publication in 1871 of his noteworthy disser-
tation on the Nibelungen. After a brilliant
career as an educator, he began, in 1878, the
writing of novels and lyrics which rapidly won
him reputation. His first fiction was on
Italian theme, (Under Blue Skies) (1881).
Among others, Brigitta von Wisby, Ivan
the Terrible and his Dog,' and a humorous
romance, (The Iron Captain of the Horse,'
met with favor. (Landsturm) is a tragic tale.
His 'In Life's Path) and other volumes of
lyrics and narrative poems won instant appre-
ciation.
Hoffmann, Heinrich. A German physician
and humorist; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main,
June 21, 1809; died there, Sept. 20, 1894. He
made a practice of drawing comical pictures
to amuse children while treating their com-
plaints. These were published in 1845 under
the title of (Struwwelpeter,' which has gone
through 140 editions and was reproduced in
nearly every country of Europe, with transla-
tions of the humorous letterpress. He also
published several volumes of drama and verse
under the assumed name of Donner. ”
Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau, Christian
(hof'män fon hof'mäns-väld'ou). A German
poet; born in Breslau, Dec. 25, 1617; died there,
April 18, 1679. After traveling through Eng-
land, France, and Italy, he returned to Breslau,
and although not of legal age was chosen to
the legislative chamber, of which he afterwards
became the presiding officer. He was in the
diplomatic service for a time. His literary
work comprises odes, epigrams, wedding songs,
and the like. His Occasional Poems) and
(Hero Letters) are admirable, although be-
traying English influence. He was the great
reformer of what is known as the Silesian
school of poetic art, and may be said to have
founded a distinct movement in German liter-
ature.
Hofmann, Friedrich (hof'män). A Ger-
man editor and miscellaneous writer; born in
Coburg, April 18, 1813; died at Ilmenau, Aug.
14, 1888. After graduating at Jena he formed
a connection with the editorial staff of Meyer's
(Konversations-Lexikon, and subsequently
with other important educational undertakings.
He wrote (The Battle of Focksan,' a drama;
(Childhood Joys,' poems; (The Harp in the
Storm,' a work of a historical nature; (The
Rat Catcher of Hameln); and many other
productions.
Hogan, James Francis. An Irish journal.
ist, statesman, and author. He was born at
Nenagh, Tipperary, in 1855, and while still an
infant was taken by his parents to Australia.
He was educated at St. Patrick's College, Mel-
bourne, and in 1881 joined the staff of the
Melbourne Argus, besides contributing to other
journals and colonial periodicals. In 1893 he
was elected a Member of Parliament for the
Mid Division of Tipperary, and organized the
Colonial Party. He is the author of (An Aus-
tralian Christmas Collection (1886); History
of the Irish in Australia) (1887); ( The Austral-
ian in London) (1888); (The Lost Explorer
(1890); (The Convict King' (1891), the last
two being romantic stories of Australian ad.
venture.
.
ren.
an
## p. 269 (#285) ############################################
HOGG-HOLINSHED
269
a
Hogg, James. A Scotch pastoral poet; born
in Ettrick, Dec. 1 (or Nov. I, not Jan. 25, 1772),
1770; died at Eltrive Lake, Nov. 21, 1835.
He was an “Ettrick shepherd » from his sev-
enth year, and so remained, notwithstanding
various ineffectual efforts to become an Ettrick
farmer. In (Scottish Pastorals, Poems and
Songs,' and (The Mountain Bard' his essen-
tially Caledonian and pastoral quality finds
happy expression, but “The Queen's Wake) is
his masterpiece. *
Hohenhausen, Baroness Elizabeth Philip-
pine Amalie (ho''en-hous'en). A German poet,
dramatist, and romancer; born in Waldau, near
Cassel, Nov. 4, 1789; died at Frankfort-on-the-
Oder, Dec. 2, 1857. Her father was General
Adam Ludwig von Ochs, and in 1809 she mar-
ried Baron Leopold von Hohenhausen, who
left her a widow in 1848. Her poetry was pub-
lished in 1817, under the title (Flowers of
Spring. Nature, Art, and Life) is a volume
of her recollections, and John and Cornelius
de Witt) is a historical play of merit.
Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron
von (G. pron. holbäch; F. pron. Õl-bäk'). A
French philosopher and writer; born at Hei-
delsheim, in the Palatinate, in 1723; died June
21, 1789. He inherited great wealth from his
father, and entertained in his elegant house a
number of eminent writers and thinkers of the
day, among them Rousseau, Diderot, and Buf-
fon. He was himself a man of no ordinary
talent, and held materialistic and atheistic views
characteristic of the period preceding the French
Revolution, which are expounded in Christian.
ity Unveiled” (1767); (Spirit of the Clergy)
(1767); (Sacerdotal Imposture (1767); (The
System of Nature (1770); (The Social System)
(1773).
Holberg, Ludwig (hol'berg). A Danish poet,
and father of Danish comedy”; born in Ber-
gen, Norway, Dec. 3, 1684; died at Copenhagen,
Jan. 28, 1754. He wrote: Peder Paars) ( 1719-
20), a mock-epic poem ; (Plutus); «Ulysses von
Ithacia); Melampe); (The Arabian Powder);
(Without Head or Tail); (Witchcraft); (The
Busy Man); “The Fickle-Minded Woman;
(Jean de France, directed against the aping
of French fashions; (The Proper Ambition);
Henrich og Pernille); (The Political Pew-
terer, a satire on labor politics )); “Erasmus
Montanus); “The Fortunate Shipwreck); etc.
He also published "History of the Kingdom
of Denmark); (Hero Stories); etc. *
Holcroft, Thomas. An English dramatic
author and adapter ; born in London, Dec. 10,
1745; died there, March 23, 1809. By turn stable
boy, school usher, journalist, and strolling actor,
he began to write for the stage about 1778.
( The Road to Ruin, the best of his many
plays, was staged in 1792. At its last London
revival in 1873 it ran nearly four consecutive
months. His Tale of Mystery) (1802) brought
into favor the melodrama, which has kept the
stage ever since. He translated the (Mariage
de Figaro) and other French and German
plays. He left (Memoirs) pronounced by
Thomas Moore the most interesting in the
language.
Holden, Edward Singleton. A prominent
American educator, and writer on scientific and
Oriental topics; born at St. Louis, Mo. , Nov. 5,
1846. He became president of the University
of California in 1886. Until 1897 he was as-
tronomer in charge of the Lick Observatory
at Mount Hamilton, connected with the Uni-
versity of California. He has published : Life
of Sir William Herschel); (The Mogul Em-
perors of Hindustan); and numerous mono-
graphs on his varied studies.
Holder, Charles Frederick. An American
popular writer and lecturer on natural history;
born at Lynn, Mass. , 1851. He was assistant
at the American Museum of Natural History,
New York, from 1870 to 1877. He has written:
(Marvels of Animal Life) (1886); Wonder
Wings) (1887); (A Frozen Dragon, and Other
Tales) (1888), a natural-history story-book for
young people; Life of Agassiz); etc.
Hölderlin, Friedrich (hel'der-lin). A Ger-
man poet; born in Lauffen-am-Necker, March
20, 1770; died at Tübingen, June 7, 1843. He
was a profound Greek scholar, and an instructor
at Jena, afterwards private tutor. He was inti-
mate with Goethe, Herder, and Schiller, the lat-
ter of whom influenced him strongly. Later he
traveled in Holland, Switzerland, and France,
showing upon his return symptoms of mental
decay which necessitated his being placed
under restraint. (Hyperion, or the Hermit in
Greece) (1797) is a brilliant story in epistolary
form ; (Empedocles) an unfinished drama; and
(Emily before her Bridal Day) a prose idyl.
His translations of the (Antigone) and (Edi-
pus) are powerful, and faithful to the Hellenic
spirit. Other works are: (German Men and
Women, a series of studies; and several vol-
umes of (Poems. )
Hole, Samuel Reynolds. An English cler-
gyman, lecturer, and author; born Dec. 5, 1819.
He was ordained a curate in his native parish
in 1844, became canon of Lincoln 1875, and
in 1887 was appointed to the deanery of Roches-
ter. He has done much to promote the influ-
ence of the Church of England as the church
of the poor, and has advocated the principles
of the Free and Open Church Association.
As a lecturer he is well known to American
audiences. Among his works are: A Little
Tour in Ireland) (1858), illustrated by John
Leech; (A Book About Roses) (1809; 8th ed.
1884), an authority on the subject and trans-
lated into several languages; (Nice and her
Neighbors) (1881); Memories of Dean Hole)
(1892).
Holinshed, Raphael (hol'inz-hed). An Eng.
lish chronicler; born at Bosley, Cheshire (? ),
about 1520 (? ); died at Bramcote (? ), 1580 (? ).
Nothing is known of his personality. The
famous Chronicles ) --- not wholly his, however
- reveal an accomplished historical student,
## p. 270 (#286) ############################################
HOLLAND- HOLMES
270
1
specially versed in Scotch affairs, which knowl- Hollingshead, John. An English journalist,
edge, however, may have been drawn from theatrical manager, and author; born in Lon-
previous workers. The Elizabethan dramatists, don, Sept. 9, 1827. He was a constant con-
especially Shakespeare, drew largely on this tributor to Household Words, All the Year
work for material. *
Round, etc. In 1808 he became lessee and
Holland, Frederick May. An American
manager of the Gaiety Theatre, and now con-
Unitarian divine and miscellaneous writer;
trols many theatrical enterprises in London
born at Boston, 1836. He has written : (The
and the provinces. Besides several original
and adapted plays, his works include: "Under
Reign of the Stoics) (1879), giving their his-
tory, religion, maxims,
Bow Bells) (1859); Rubbing the Gilt Off!
etc. ; "Stories from
(1860); Ragged London) (1861); Miscella-
Browning (1882); Life of Frederick Doug-
lass); “Rise of Intellectual Liberty from Thales
nies: Stories and Essays) (1874); (Footlights)
to Copernicus); etc.
(1883).
Hollister, Gideon Hiram.
Holland, Henry Scott. An English clergy-
An American
man and religious writer ; born at Ledbury,
lawyer and miscellaneous writer; born at Wash-
Herefordshire, in 1847. He was a theological
ington, Conn. , 1817; died 1881. His home was
in Litchfield, Conn. He was minister to Hayti
tutor at Christ Church, Oxford (1872-85); be-
1868-00.
came canon of Truro in 1882, and in 1884 canon,
He wrote: Mount Hope) (1851), a
historical romance; History of Connecticut' (2
afterwards precentor, of St. Paul's. His pub-
lished sermons and addresses include: (Logic
vols. , 1855); (Thomas à Becket, a Tragedy;
and Life) (1882); Creed and Character) (1886);
and Other Poems) (1866); and (Kinley Hol-
(Christ and Ecclesiastes) (1887); (On Behalf
low) (1882), a novel, published posthumously.
of Belief) (1888); (Pleas and Claims) (1893). Holloway, Mrs. Laura (Carter). An Amer-
ican editor and miscellaneous writer; born at
V Holland, Josiah Gilbert. A noted Amer-
Nashville, Tenn. , 1848. She was for twelve
ican poet, novelist, and editor; born at Belcher-
years associate editor of the Brooklyn Daily
town, Mass. , July 24, 1819; died in New York,
Eagle. She has written : (Ladies of the White
Oct. 12, 1881. He left the practice of medicine
House) (new ed. 1880); (The Mothers of Great
to become editor of the Springfield Republican,
Men and Women, and Some Wives of Great
which position he held from 1849 to 1866. lle
Men (1883); (The Home in Poetry) (1884);
was editor of Scribner's Monthly, later the
Chinese Gordon (1885); (An Hour with
Century Magazine, 1870-81. Among his prose
Charlotte Bronté); (The Buddhist Diet Book);
works are : "Life of Abraham Lincoln); Let-
ters to the Young); (Plain Talks on Familiar
Subjects ); (Gold Foil); and the novels (Arthur Holmes, Abiel. An American Congrega-
Bonnicastle, (Sevenoaks, and Nicholas Min- tional divine and historical writer; father of
turn. His poems are published under the Oliver Wendell Holmes; born at Woodstock,
titles: "Bitter-Sweet); (Kathrina); (The Mis- Conn. , Dec. 24, 1763; died at Cambridge, Mass. ,
tress of the Manse); (Garnered Sheaves); and June 4, 1837. He was pastor of the First Church,
(The Puritan's Guest. Part of his poems were Cambridge, Mass. He wrote: Life of Ezra
written under the pseudonym “Timothy Tit- Stiles) (1798); (Annals of America) (enlarged
comb. ) *
ed. 1829), a work of enduring value ; (Memoir
of the French Protestants'; etc.
Holland, Thomas Erskine. An English ju-
rist; born at Brighton, July 17, 1835. He was Holmes, Mrs. Mary Jane (Hawes). An
educated at Oxford; was called to the bar in American novelist; born at Brooktield, Mass. ,
1803; and in 1874 was elected Chichele pro- 18— A voluminous writer, her works are
fessor of international law, which post he still mostly domestic in character, and moral in tend-
holds. He is a member of several foreign ency. Some of them are said to have had a
societies, and the recipient of honorary degrees circulation of over 50,000 copies. Among them
from Oxford, Bologna, and Dublin. His mon- are: (Tempest and Sunshine) (1854); "Lena
umental work is (The Elements of Jurispru- Rivers) (1856); Marian Gray) (1863); (Mil-
dence) (1880), now in its sixth edition, which bank) (1871); Queenie Hetherton' (1883);
has become a text-book in most English and etc. She was for a number of years a resident
American universities. Among his other pub- of Kentucky; her present home is at Brock-
lications the most notable are: (An Essay on
Composition Deeds) (1864); (The Institutes of V Holmes, Oliver Wendell.
Justinian) (1873); (The European Concert in
An American
the Eastern Question (1885); (A Manual of
man of letters; born at Cambridge, Mass. , Aug.
Naval Prize Law) (1888), issued by authority
29, 1809; died at Boston, Oct. 7, 1894. His
of the Lords of the Admiralty.
poetical works include : Poems) (1836); (l'ra-
nia! (1840); (Astræa: the Balance of Illu-
Holley, Marietta. An American writer of sions) (1850); “Songs in Many Keys) (1861);
humorous stories; born in Ellisburg, N. Y. , 1844. (Songs of Many Seasons) (1875); (The Iron
The most noted of her works are: (My Opin- Gate) (1880). In prose he wrote: (The Auto-
jons and Betsey Bobbet's) (1872), and "Josiah crat of the Breakfast Table) (1859); (The
Allen's Wife) (1878), both of which had an Professor at the Breakfast Table) (1860); (The
extensive sale.
Poet at the Breakfast Table) (1872); which had
etc.
(
port, N. Y.
## p. 271 (#287) ############################################
HOLST - HOMES
271
all previously appeared serially in the Atlantic
Monthly. He wrote, also, the novels (Elsie
Venner) (1861) and (The Guardian Angel
(1868). His other prose works, exclusive of his
numerous writings on medical science, are :
(Soundings from the Atlantic) (1864); (Mech-
anism in Thought and Morals) (1871); John
Lothrop Motley) (1879); (Ralph Waldo Emer-
son (1884); (A Mortal Antipathy) (1885); “Our
Hundred Days in Europe) (1887); (Over the
Teacups) (1891); numerous prefaces and intro-
ductions to special volumes; etc. His works
on medicine are likewise important, for Dr.
Holmes was by profession a physician, and in
1847 was made professor of anatomy and phys-
iology in the medical school of Harvard. *
Holst, Hans Peter (hölst). A Danish poet
and novelist; born in Copenhagen, Oct. 22,
1811; died near that city, June 2, 1893. He was
made professor of language and literature at
the Copenhagen Academy, 1836, and traveled
through Europe later at government expense.
His writings are exceedingly varied, elegant,
and tasteful. The Poem in Memory of Fred-
eric IV. , (Recollections of Travel, Poems,
and National Legends, represent his early
work. (Gioacchino,' a drama of merit; (Sicil.
ian Types and Characters,' a sketch of scenery
and manners; and Eros,' a collection of lyrics,
have also spread his fame.
Holst, Hermann Eduard von. A German-
American historian ; born at Fellin, Livonia,
Russia, June 19, 1841. Coming to the United
States in 1866, he engaged in literary work and
lecturing; he returned to Europe, becoming
professor in the universities of Strasburg (1872)
and Freiburg (1874); appointed professor in
the University of Chicago (1892), he came to
this country again. He has written : (Con-
stitutional and Political History of the United
States) (5 vols. , 1876-85); "Lives) of John C.
Calhoun (1882) and John Brown (1888); (Con.
stitutional Law of the United States) (1887). *
Holt, John Saunders. An American novel-
ist; born in Alabama, 1826; died 1886. He was
a lawyer at New Orleans. He wrote : "Life of
Abraham Page,' a novel; (What I know about
Ben Eccles); (The Quines); etc.
Holtei, Karl von (hol'ti). A German dram-
atist, poet, and novelist; born in Breslau,
Jan. 24, 1798; died there, Feb. 12, 1880. After
serving in the campaign of 1815, and going
through the university, he became an actor at
Breslau, and married the noted actress Louise
Rogée. He then essayed dramatic authorship,
his (Viennese in Berlin) and Berliners in
Vienna) meeting with great success. Not long
after appeared the dramas: (The Old Com-
mander); Lenore); (The Tragedy at Berlin);
Poor Peter); and plays founded on Shakes-
peare's life. His wife dying, he married an-
other actress, and continued his work in
connection with the stage; and also began
reading in public. Two volumes of poems,
also 'Silesian Poems, German Songs, Voice
of the Forest, and others, extended his re.
nown. His popular novels include : (The Vaga-
bonds); (Christian Lammfell); and Noblesse
Oblige.
Hölty, Hermann (hėl'ty). A German poet ;
born in Ülzen, Hanover, Nov. 4, 1828 ; died at
Rehburg, Aug. 16, 1887. He became a clergy.
man, and held various pastorates in Hanover.
His (Songs and Ballads, Alpine Charms,
From the German Olympus,' and various other
volumes, have given him his place in literature.
He is a pleasing minor poet.
Hölty, Ludwig Heinrich Christoph. A
German elegiac poet ; born in Mariensee, near
Hanover, Dec. 21, 1748; died at Hanover,
Sept. I, 1776. He was always physically deli-
cate. (The Fall of the Leaves) shows his at-
tractive if slightly effeminate Muse perfec-
tion. Faith and Candor Ever, an elegy to a
country maiden, is a spiritual expression of
love. The consciousness that he was destined
to an early death infused into his song a rarely
pensive note. *
Holyoake, George Jacob. An English social
and religious reformer, journalist, and author;
born at Birmingham, April 13, 1817. He was
educated at the Mechanics' Institute in his
native city, and has figured as teacher, jour.
nalist, and lecturer. He is chiefly known for
his advocacy of secularism. Ilis works include :
(Secularism (1854); Life of Robert Owen)
(1859); (The Limits of Atheism) (1861); (His-
tory of Co-operation (1875-79); Among the
Americans) (1881); (A Hundred Days in New
Mexico and Canada.
Home, John. A Scotch dramatist; born in
Leith, near Edinburgh, Sept. 21, 1722; died at
Marchiston, near Edinburgh, Sept. 5, 1808. He
took part against Charles Edward in the war of
1745, was taken prisoner at Falkirk, but freed
after Culloden. He subsequently became a
clergyman. His great tragedy Douglas,' pro-
duced in Edinburgh in 1756, aroused hostility
among the Scotch clergy, and he abandoned
the church. Douglas) met with great success
in London, and was followed by (Agis, (The
Fatal Discovery,' and Alfred. He aided Mac-
pherson financially in the production of the
Ossian poetry, and also wrote a History of
the Rebellion in Scotland in 1755-56.
Homer (ho-mer). The greatest of epic poets,
author of the Iliad and Odyssey. The date of
his birth is generally set at the eighth or ninth
century B. C. , but has been the subject of dis-
cussion among scholars, with various results,
now inclining to a much earlier period, -as
early as 1300 B. C. , - in accordance with the gen-
eral results of archæological investigations. *
Homes, Mrs. Mary Sophie (Shaw) (Rogers).
An American novelist and writer of verse
(pseudonym Millie Mayfield "); born at Fred-
erick, Md. , about 1830. Her home is in New
Orleans. She has written : (Carrie Harring.
ton, or Scenes in New Orleans) (1857); “Pro-
gression, or the South Defended) (1868), verse ;
A Wreath of Rhymes) (1869); etc.
(
## p. 272 (#288) ############################################
272
HONE - HOOKER
Hone, William. An English clergyman and
author; born at Bath, June 3, 1780; died at
Tottenham, London, Nov. 6, 1842. He was for
some years a publisher and bookseller. During
the latter part of his life he preached to a con-
gregation of Dissenters. Of his works : (The
Everyday Book) (1826); (The Table Book )
(1827-28); (The Year Book (1829), containing
much curious information, descriptions of old
customs, etc. , were popular in their day, and
were more than once imitated. (The Politi.
cal House that Jack Built,' a satire, appeared
in 1819, and went through nearly fifty editions.
Hood, Edwin Paxton. An English clergyman
and author; born in Westminster, 1820; died
in 1885. For many years pastor of a Congre-
gational church in London, editor of the Eclec-
tic Review, and a popular lecturer, he has writ-
ten, compiled, and edited nearly fifty volumes,
among which are : John Milton) (1851); “The
Uses of Biography) (1852); Biography of Will-
iam Wordsworth) (1856); Lamps, Pitchers,
and Trumpets) (1867), lectures delivered to the-
ological students; (The World of Anecdote)
(1869); (The Romance of Biography) (1876);
(Oliver Cromwell, his Life, Times, Battle-Fields,
etc. (1884); ( The Throne of Eloquence) (1885).
Hood, Thomas. An English poet, master of
humor and pathos; born in Lo don, May 23,
1799; died there, May 3, 1845. He had few early
advantages, his genius first asserting itself in
his early twenties in Whims and Oddities, a
collection of verse. The most playful and hu-
morous of poets, there is yet a melancholy in
all his numbers that now and then dominates
his song entirely,—(The Hostler's Lament and
(The Haunted House) constituting examples.
(The Plea of the Midsummer Fairies) is worthy
of the hand that wrote (The Song of the Shirt. ?
He has had more imitators than any other
modern poet. *
Hood, Thomas, the younger. An English
poet, humorist, and novelist, son of Thomas;
born in Lake House, Essex, Jan. 19, 1835;
died at Peckham Rye, Surrey, Nov. 20, 1874.
He studied at Oxford, and began his literary
career there with (Pen and Pencil Pictures. )
(Quips and Cranks) was his best production
in verse. His successful novels include : (A
Disputed Inheritance); (A Golden Heart); and
1 The Lost Link. His talent for droll stories
and sketches was considerable.
Hooft, Pieter Corneliszoon (höft). A Dutch
poet and historian; born in Amsterdam, March
16, 1581 ; died at The Hague, May 25 (or 21),
1647. He was burgomaster of Minden for nearly
forty years. His works give him high rank,
especially his volume of collected Poems. In
prose, the History of Henry IV. ! ; (History of
the House of Medici); and History of the Low
Countries, display a talent worthy of a great
annalist and investigator. *
Hook, James. Dean of Worcester; born in
London, June 1771; died at Worcester, 1828.
Educated at Oxford, he took holy orders, rose
rapidly in the church, and in 1825 was ap-
pointed dean of Worcester. He wrote politi.
cal pamphlets, sermons, etc. Two of his
novels, Pen Owen) (1822) and Percy Mal.
lory) (1823) attracted much attention.
Hook, Theodore (Edward). An English
humorist, story-writer, and dramatist; born in
London, Sept. 22, 1788; died in Fulham, Aug.
24, 1841. His peculiar wit was well adapted to
the fashion of his day, and the "Sayings and
Doings) were once much in vogue. The plots
of his dramas are mere pegs to hang witticisms
on; but "Gilbert Gurney) and Jack Brag' are
good stories. *
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, Sir. An English
botanist, son of Sir William Jackson; born at
Halesworth, Suffolk, June 30, 1817. He took
his M. D. at Glasgow University in 1839. He
was assistant surgeon and naturalist of the
famous expedition of Sir James Clark Ross;
visited India in 1847; and in 1871 with John
Ball ascended the Great Atlas in Morocco.
From 1855 to 1885 he was on the directorate
of Kew Gardens. Among his works are :
(Botany of the Antarctic Voyage) (1847–60);
(Himalayan Journals) (1854); "Student's Flora
of the British Islands (1870); ' Botany' (Science
Primers), in 1876; Journal of a Tour in Mo-
rocco and the Great Atlas) (1878), with John
Ball.
Hooker, Richard. A famous English divine
and theological writer; born at Heavitree,
Exeter, about 1553; died at Bishopsbourne,
near Canterbury, Nov. 2, 1600. He has been
called “the judicious Hooker. )
work, the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity) (1592-
1648), supporting the ministry, ritual, and cere-
monies of the Church of England, is one of the
masterpieces of English eloquence. Hallam
compares it to Cicero's (De Legibus,' and
Pope Clement VIII. had part of it translated
into Latin, that it might be read to him. The
best edition is John Keble's third (3 vols. , 1845).
Hooker, Thomas. An English nonconform-
ist clergyman; born at Markfield, Leicester-
shire, in 1586; died at Hartford, Conn. , July
7, 1647. He came to America in 1633; in 1636
removed from Newtown (Cambridge, Mass. )
to Hartford, and founded that colony, be-
coming minister of the First Church there.
He won eminence as a theological writer and
a preacher, and has a permanent historical
importance for his instrumentality in drawing
up the first written constitution in America -
that of the Hartford Colony. His chief work
is (A Survey of the Summe of Church Disci-
pline, in collaboration with John Cotton.
Hooker, William Jackson, Sir. An Eng-
lish botanist; born at Norwich, in 1785; died
at Kew, Aug. 12, 1865. A zealous botanist, he
traveled much in his favorite pursuit. He was
Regius professor of botany in Glasgow Uni-
versity in 1820-41, when he became director
of the Kew Gardens. He was knighted in
1836 on account of his high scientific attain.
His great
## p. 273 (#289) ############################################
HOOPER
HOPKINS
273
ments. His best-known botanical works are:
Journal of a Tour in Iceland' (1809); (Mus-
cologia Britannica (1818), containing the
mosses of Great Britain and Ireland ; (The
British Flora) (1830), which has gone through
several editions ; (British Ferns) (1862); "Gar-
den Ferns) (1862).
Hooper, Johnson. An American writer of
stories; born in North Carolina about 1815;
died 1863. He was a lawyer in Alabama. He
wrote: (Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs);
“Widow Rugby's Husband, and Other Ala-
bama Tales.
Hooper, Lucy. An American sketch-writer
and poet; born in Massachusetts, 1816; died
1841. Her home was in Brooklyn, N. Y. She
wrote (Scenes from Real Life,' a volume of
prose sketches. Her complete poems appeared
in 1848.
Hooper, Mrs. Lucy Hamilton (Jones). An
American poet, novelist, and journalist; born
in Philadelphia, 1835; died 1893. She was for
some time assistant editor of Lippincott's Mag-
azine. Her husband being United States vice-
consul-general in France, she resided after 1874
in Paris, where she was correspondent for several
American newspapers. She wrote: Poems)
(1864 and 1871); and the novels (Under the
Tricolor) (1880) and (The Tsar's Window)
(1881).
Hope, Anthony. See Hawkins.
Hope, James Barron. An American lawyer,
journalist, and poet; born at Norfolk, Va. ,
1827; died 1887. He served in the Confederate
army in the Civil War. Among his poems
are : Leoni di Monti (1857); “Under the Em-
pire, or the Story of Madelon) (1878); and
(Arms and the Man (1882).
Hope, Thomas. An English novelist ; born
about 1770; died Feb. 3, 1831. He was one of
three brothers, wealthy merchants in Amster-
dam. Among his works are: Household
Furniture and Decorations) (1805); “The Cos-
tume of the Ancients) (1809); Designs of
Modern Costumes) (1812). (Anastasius) (1819)
was his best-known work. Byron told the
Countess of Blessington that he wept bitterly
on reading (Anastasius, for two reasons - one
that he had not written it, and the other that
Hope had.
Hopfen, Hans von (hop'fen). A German poet
and novelist; born in Munich, Jan. 3, 1835, win-
ning note at the university there. His Neces-
sity, and other poems of equal merit, are char-
acterized by originality and picturesqueness,
while his novels - notably (The Old Practi-
tioner) - show him a graceful and graphic de-
lineator of character and customs. He ranks
among the best contemporary German writers,
his versatility not having impaired his quality.
Hopkins, Alphonso Alvah. An American
educator, lecturer, journalist, and miscellaneous
writer; born in New York State, 1843. He has
written in verse: (Asleep in the Sanctum);
"Geraldine, a metrical romance modeled after
Lucile); the novels, (His Prison Bars) (1874);
(Sinner and Saint' (1881); Life of General
Clinton Fisk) (1888); etc.
Hopkins, Edward Washburn. An Ameri-
can educator and writer; born in Massachu-
setts, 1857. He is professor of Sanskrit at Yale,
successor of Professor Whitney. He has writ-
ten : Mutual Relations of the Four Castes in
Manu); ( Translation of Laws in Manu; “Social
and Military Position of the Ruling Caste in
Ancient India); (The Religions of India'; etc.
juvenile stories; born in Bernburg, Feb. 21,
1814; died in Dresden, July II, 1882. He was
partner with his brother Karl in the book
business, but subsequently traveled about and
supported himself by writing stories for child-
His many books have attained wide pop-
ularity, and not a few have been translated
into all civilized tongues. He founded a pop-
ular periodical for children, Neuer Deutsche
Jugendfreund.
Hoffmann, Hans. A German novelist and
poet; born in Stettin, July 27, 1848. He studied
philology at Bonn and in Italy, and became a
professor at the Stettin Academy after the
publication in 1871 of his noteworthy disser-
tation on the Nibelungen. After a brilliant
career as an educator, he began, in 1878, the
writing of novels and lyrics which rapidly won
him reputation. His first fiction was on
Italian theme, (Under Blue Skies) (1881).
Among others, Brigitta von Wisby, Ivan
the Terrible and his Dog,' and a humorous
romance, (The Iron Captain of the Horse,'
met with favor. (Landsturm) is a tragic tale.
His 'In Life's Path) and other volumes of
lyrics and narrative poems won instant appre-
ciation.
Hoffmann, Heinrich. A German physician
and humorist; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main,
June 21, 1809; died there, Sept. 20, 1894. He
made a practice of drawing comical pictures
to amuse children while treating their com-
plaints. These were published in 1845 under
the title of (Struwwelpeter,' which has gone
through 140 editions and was reproduced in
nearly every country of Europe, with transla-
tions of the humorous letterpress. He also
published several volumes of drama and verse
under the assumed name of Donner. ”
Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau, Christian
(hof'män fon hof'mäns-väld'ou). A German
poet; born in Breslau, Dec. 25, 1617; died there,
April 18, 1679. After traveling through Eng-
land, France, and Italy, he returned to Breslau,
and although not of legal age was chosen to
the legislative chamber, of which he afterwards
became the presiding officer. He was in the
diplomatic service for a time. His literary
work comprises odes, epigrams, wedding songs,
and the like. His Occasional Poems) and
(Hero Letters) are admirable, although be-
traying English influence. He was the great
reformer of what is known as the Silesian
school of poetic art, and may be said to have
founded a distinct movement in German liter-
ature.
Hofmann, Friedrich (hof'män). A Ger-
man editor and miscellaneous writer; born in
Coburg, April 18, 1813; died at Ilmenau, Aug.
14, 1888. After graduating at Jena he formed
a connection with the editorial staff of Meyer's
(Konversations-Lexikon, and subsequently
with other important educational undertakings.
He wrote (The Battle of Focksan,' a drama;
(Childhood Joys,' poems; (The Harp in the
Storm,' a work of a historical nature; (The
Rat Catcher of Hameln); and many other
productions.
Hogan, James Francis. An Irish journal.
ist, statesman, and author. He was born at
Nenagh, Tipperary, in 1855, and while still an
infant was taken by his parents to Australia.
He was educated at St. Patrick's College, Mel-
bourne, and in 1881 joined the staff of the
Melbourne Argus, besides contributing to other
journals and colonial periodicals. In 1893 he
was elected a Member of Parliament for the
Mid Division of Tipperary, and organized the
Colonial Party. He is the author of (An Aus-
tralian Christmas Collection (1886); History
of the Irish in Australia) (1887); ( The Austral-
ian in London) (1888); (The Lost Explorer
(1890); (The Convict King' (1891), the last
two being romantic stories of Australian ad.
venture.
.
ren.
an
## p. 269 (#285) ############################################
HOGG-HOLINSHED
269
a
Hogg, James. A Scotch pastoral poet; born
in Ettrick, Dec. 1 (or Nov. I, not Jan. 25, 1772),
1770; died at Eltrive Lake, Nov. 21, 1835.
He was an “Ettrick shepherd » from his sev-
enth year, and so remained, notwithstanding
various ineffectual efforts to become an Ettrick
farmer. In (Scottish Pastorals, Poems and
Songs,' and (The Mountain Bard' his essen-
tially Caledonian and pastoral quality finds
happy expression, but “The Queen's Wake) is
his masterpiece. *
Hohenhausen, Baroness Elizabeth Philip-
pine Amalie (ho''en-hous'en). A German poet,
dramatist, and romancer; born in Waldau, near
Cassel, Nov. 4, 1789; died at Frankfort-on-the-
Oder, Dec. 2, 1857. Her father was General
Adam Ludwig von Ochs, and in 1809 she mar-
ried Baron Leopold von Hohenhausen, who
left her a widow in 1848. Her poetry was pub-
lished in 1817, under the title (Flowers of
Spring. Nature, Art, and Life) is a volume
of her recollections, and John and Cornelius
de Witt) is a historical play of merit.
Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron
von (G. pron. holbäch; F. pron. Õl-bäk'). A
French philosopher and writer; born at Hei-
delsheim, in the Palatinate, in 1723; died June
21, 1789. He inherited great wealth from his
father, and entertained in his elegant house a
number of eminent writers and thinkers of the
day, among them Rousseau, Diderot, and Buf-
fon. He was himself a man of no ordinary
talent, and held materialistic and atheistic views
characteristic of the period preceding the French
Revolution, which are expounded in Christian.
ity Unveiled” (1767); (Spirit of the Clergy)
(1767); (Sacerdotal Imposture (1767); (The
System of Nature (1770); (The Social System)
(1773).
Holberg, Ludwig (hol'berg). A Danish poet,
and father of Danish comedy”; born in Ber-
gen, Norway, Dec. 3, 1684; died at Copenhagen,
Jan. 28, 1754. He wrote: Peder Paars) ( 1719-
20), a mock-epic poem ; (Plutus); «Ulysses von
Ithacia); Melampe); (The Arabian Powder);
(Without Head or Tail); (Witchcraft); (The
Busy Man); “The Fickle-Minded Woman;
(Jean de France, directed against the aping
of French fashions; (The Proper Ambition);
Henrich og Pernille); (The Political Pew-
terer, a satire on labor politics )); “Erasmus
Montanus); “The Fortunate Shipwreck); etc.
He also published "History of the Kingdom
of Denmark); (Hero Stories); etc. *
Holcroft, Thomas. An English dramatic
author and adapter ; born in London, Dec. 10,
1745; died there, March 23, 1809. By turn stable
boy, school usher, journalist, and strolling actor,
he began to write for the stage about 1778.
( The Road to Ruin, the best of his many
plays, was staged in 1792. At its last London
revival in 1873 it ran nearly four consecutive
months. His Tale of Mystery) (1802) brought
into favor the melodrama, which has kept the
stage ever since. He translated the (Mariage
de Figaro) and other French and German
plays. He left (Memoirs) pronounced by
Thomas Moore the most interesting in the
language.
Holden, Edward Singleton. A prominent
American educator, and writer on scientific and
Oriental topics; born at St. Louis, Mo. , Nov. 5,
1846. He became president of the University
of California in 1886. Until 1897 he was as-
tronomer in charge of the Lick Observatory
at Mount Hamilton, connected with the Uni-
versity of California. He has published : Life
of Sir William Herschel); (The Mogul Em-
perors of Hindustan); and numerous mono-
graphs on his varied studies.
Holder, Charles Frederick. An American
popular writer and lecturer on natural history;
born at Lynn, Mass. , 1851. He was assistant
at the American Museum of Natural History,
New York, from 1870 to 1877. He has written:
(Marvels of Animal Life) (1886); Wonder
Wings) (1887); (A Frozen Dragon, and Other
Tales) (1888), a natural-history story-book for
young people; Life of Agassiz); etc.
Hölderlin, Friedrich (hel'der-lin). A Ger-
man poet; born in Lauffen-am-Necker, March
20, 1770; died at Tübingen, June 7, 1843. He
was a profound Greek scholar, and an instructor
at Jena, afterwards private tutor. He was inti-
mate with Goethe, Herder, and Schiller, the lat-
ter of whom influenced him strongly. Later he
traveled in Holland, Switzerland, and France,
showing upon his return symptoms of mental
decay which necessitated his being placed
under restraint. (Hyperion, or the Hermit in
Greece) (1797) is a brilliant story in epistolary
form ; (Empedocles) an unfinished drama; and
(Emily before her Bridal Day) a prose idyl.
His translations of the (Antigone) and (Edi-
pus) are powerful, and faithful to the Hellenic
spirit. Other works are: (German Men and
Women, a series of studies; and several vol-
umes of (Poems. )
Hole, Samuel Reynolds. An English cler-
gyman, lecturer, and author; born Dec. 5, 1819.
He was ordained a curate in his native parish
in 1844, became canon of Lincoln 1875, and
in 1887 was appointed to the deanery of Roches-
ter. He has done much to promote the influ-
ence of the Church of England as the church
of the poor, and has advocated the principles
of the Free and Open Church Association.
As a lecturer he is well known to American
audiences. Among his works are: A Little
Tour in Ireland) (1858), illustrated by John
Leech; (A Book About Roses) (1809; 8th ed.
1884), an authority on the subject and trans-
lated into several languages; (Nice and her
Neighbors) (1881); Memories of Dean Hole)
(1892).
Holinshed, Raphael (hol'inz-hed). An Eng.
lish chronicler; born at Bosley, Cheshire (? ),
about 1520 (? ); died at Bramcote (? ), 1580 (? ).
Nothing is known of his personality. The
famous Chronicles ) --- not wholly his, however
- reveal an accomplished historical student,
## p. 270 (#286) ############################################
HOLLAND- HOLMES
270
1
specially versed in Scotch affairs, which knowl- Hollingshead, John. An English journalist,
edge, however, may have been drawn from theatrical manager, and author; born in Lon-
previous workers. The Elizabethan dramatists, don, Sept. 9, 1827. He was a constant con-
especially Shakespeare, drew largely on this tributor to Household Words, All the Year
work for material. *
Round, etc. In 1808 he became lessee and
Holland, Frederick May. An American
manager of the Gaiety Theatre, and now con-
Unitarian divine and miscellaneous writer;
trols many theatrical enterprises in London
born at Boston, 1836. He has written : (The
and the provinces. Besides several original
and adapted plays, his works include: "Under
Reign of the Stoics) (1879), giving their his-
tory, religion, maxims,
Bow Bells) (1859); Rubbing the Gilt Off!
etc. ; "Stories from
(1860); Ragged London) (1861); Miscella-
Browning (1882); Life of Frederick Doug-
lass); “Rise of Intellectual Liberty from Thales
nies: Stories and Essays) (1874); (Footlights)
to Copernicus); etc.
(1883).
Hollister, Gideon Hiram.
Holland, Henry Scott. An English clergy-
An American
man and religious writer ; born at Ledbury,
lawyer and miscellaneous writer; born at Wash-
Herefordshire, in 1847. He was a theological
ington, Conn. , 1817; died 1881. His home was
in Litchfield, Conn. He was minister to Hayti
tutor at Christ Church, Oxford (1872-85); be-
1868-00.
came canon of Truro in 1882, and in 1884 canon,
He wrote: Mount Hope) (1851), a
historical romance; History of Connecticut' (2
afterwards precentor, of St. Paul's. His pub-
lished sermons and addresses include: (Logic
vols. , 1855); (Thomas à Becket, a Tragedy;
and Life) (1882); Creed and Character) (1886);
and Other Poems) (1866); and (Kinley Hol-
(Christ and Ecclesiastes) (1887); (On Behalf
low) (1882), a novel, published posthumously.
of Belief) (1888); (Pleas and Claims) (1893). Holloway, Mrs. Laura (Carter). An Amer-
ican editor and miscellaneous writer; born at
V Holland, Josiah Gilbert. A noted Amer-
Nashville, Tenn. , 1848. She was for twelve
ican poet, novelist, and editor; born at Belcher-
years associate editor of the Brooklyn Daily
town, Mass. , July 24, 1819; died in New York,
Eagle. She has written : (Ladies of the White
Oct. 12, 1881. He left the practice of medicine
House) (new ed. 1880); (The Mothers of Great
to become editor of the Springfield Republican,
Men and Women, and Some Wives of Great
which position he held from 1849 to 1866. lle
Men (1883); (The Home in Poetry) (1884);
was editor of Scribner's Monthly, later the
Chinese Gordon (1885); (An Hour with
Century Magazine, 1870-81. Among his prose
Charlotte Bronté); (The Buddhist Diet Book);
works are : "Life of Abraham Lincoln); Let-
ters to the Young); (Plain Talks on Familiar
Subjects ); (Gold Foil); and the novels (Arthur Holmes, Abiel. An American Congrega-
Bonnicastle, (Sevenoaks, and Nicholas Min- tional divine and historical writer; father of
turn. His poems are published under the Oliver Wendell Holmes; born at Woodstock,
titles: "Bitter-Sweet); (Kathrina); (The Mis- Conn. , Dec. 24, 1763; died at Cambridge, Mass. ,
tress of the Manse); (Garnered Sheaves); and June 4, 1837. He was pastor of the First Church,
(The Puritan's Guest. Part of his poems were Cambridge, Mass. He wrote: Life of Ezra
written under the pseudonym “Timothy Tit- Stiles) (1798); (Annals of America) (enlarged
comb. ) *
ed. 1829), a work of enduring value ; (Memoir
of the French Protestants'; etc.
Holland, Thomas Erskine. An English ju-
rist; born at Brighton, July 17, 1835. He was Holmes, Mrs. Mary Jane (Hawes). An
educated at Oxford; was called to the bar in American novelist; born at Brooktield, Mass. ,
1803; and in 1874 was elected Chichele pro- 18— A voluminous writer, her works are
fessor of international law, which post he still mostly domestic in character, and moral in tend-
holds. He is a member of several foreign ency. Some of them are said to have had a
societies, and the recipient of honorary degrees circulation of over 50,000 copies. Among them
from Oxford, Bologna, and Dublin. His mon- are: (Tempest and Sunshine) (1854); "Lena
umental work is (The Elements of Jurispru- Rivers) (1856); Marian Gray) (1863); (Mil-
dence) (1880), now in its sixth edition, which bank) (1871); Queenie Hetherton' (1883);
has become a text-book in most English and etc. She was for a number of years a resident
American universities. Among his other pub- of Kentucky; her present home is at Brock-
lications the most notable are: (An Essay on
Composition Deeds) (1864); (The Institutes of V Holmes, Oliver Wendell.
Justinian) (1873); (The European Concert in
An American
the Eastern Question (1885); (A Manual of
man of letters; born at Cambridge, Mass. , Aug.
Naval Prize Law) (1888), issued by authority
29, 1809; died at Boston, Oct. 7, 1894. His
of the Lords of the Admiralty.
poetical works include : Poems) (1836); (l'ra-
nia! (1840); (Astræa: the Balance of Illu-
Holley, Marietta. An American writer of sions) (1850); “Songs in Many Keys) (1861);
humorous stories; born in Ellisburg, N. Y. , 1844. (Songs of Many Seasons) (1875); (The Iron
The most noted of her works are: (My Opin- Gate) (1880). In prose he wrote: (The Auto-
jons and Betsey Bobbet's) (1872), and "Josiah crat of the Breakfast Table) (1859); (The
Allen's Wife) (1878), both of which had an Professor at the Breakfast Table) (1860); (The
extensive sale.
Poet at the Breakfast Table) (1872); which had
etc.
(
port, N. Y.
## p. 271 (#287) ############################################
HOLST - HOMES
271
all previously appeared serially in the Atlantic
Monthly. He wrote, also, the novels (Elsie
Venner) (1861) and (The Guardian Angel
(1868). His other prose works, exclusive of his
numerous writings on medical science, are :
(Soundings from the Atlantic) (1864); (Mech-
anism in Thought and Morals) (1871); John
Lothrop Motley) (1879); (Ralph Waldo Emer-
son (1884); (A Mortal Antipathy) (1885); “Our
Hundred Days in Europe) (1887); (Over the
Teacups) (1891); numerous prefaces and intro-
ductions to special volumes; etc. His works
on medicine are likewise important, for Dr.
Holmes was by profession a physician, and in
1847 was made professor of anatomy and phys-
iology in the medical school of Harvard. *
Holst, Hans Peter (hölst). A Danish poet
and novelist; born in Copenhagen, Oct. 22,
1811; died near that city, June 2, 1893. He was
made professor of language and literature at
the Copenhagen Academy, 1836, and traveled
through Europe later at government expense.
His writings are exceedingly varied, elegant,
and tasteful. The Poem in Memory of Fred-
eric IV. , (Recollections of Travel, Poems,
and National Legends, represent his early
work. (Gioacchino,' a drama of merit; (Sicil.
ian Types and Characters,' a sketch of scenery
and manners; and Eros,' a collection of lyrics,
have also spread his fame.
Holst, Hermann Eduard von. A German-
American historian ; born at Fellin, Livonia,
Russia, June 19, 1841. Coming to the United
States in 1866, he engaged in literary work and
lecturing; he returned to Europe, becoming
professor in the universities of Strasburg (1872)
and Freiburg (1874); appointed professor in
the University of Chicago (1892), he came to
this country again. He has written : (Con-
stitutional and Political History of the United
States) (5 vols. , 1876-85); "Lives) of John C.
Calhoun (1882) and John Brown (1888); (Con.
stitutional Law of the United States) (1887). *
Holt, John Saunders. An American novel-
ist; born in Alabama, 1826; died 1886. He was
a lawyer at New Orleans. He wrote : "Life of
Abraham Page,' a novel; (What I know about
Ben Eccles); (The Quines); etc.
Holtei, Karl von (hol'ti). A German dram-
atist, poet, and novelist; born in Breslau,
Jan. 24, 1798; died there, Feb. 12, 1880. After
serving in the campaign of 1815, and going
through the university, he became an actor at
Breslau, and married the noted actress Louise
Rogée. He then essayed dramatic authorship,
his (Viennese in Berlin) and Berliners in
Vienna) meeting with great success. Not long
after appeared the dramas: (The Old Com-
mander); Lenore); (The Tragedy at Berlin);
Poor Peter); and plays founded on Shakes-
peare's life. His wife dying, he married an-
other actress, and continued his work in
connection with the stage; and also began
reading in public. Two volumes of poems,
also 'Silesian Poems, German Songs, Voice
of the Forest, and others, extended his re.
nown. His popular novels include : (The Vaga-
bonds); (Christian Lammfell); and Noblesse
Oblige.
Hölty, Hermann (hėl'ty). A German poet ;
born in Ülzen, Hanover, Nov. 4, 1828 ; died at
Rehburg, Aug. 16, 1887. He became a clergy.
man, and held various pastorates in Hanover.
His (Songs and Ballads, Alpine Charms,
From the German Olympus,' and various other
volumes, have given him his place in literature.
He is a pleasing minor poet.
Hölty, Ludwig Heinrich Christoph. A
German elegiac poet ; born in Mariensee, near
Hanover, Dec. 21, 1748; died at Hanover,
Sept. I, 1776. He was always physically deli-
cate. (The Fall of the Leaves) shows his at-
tractive if slightly effeminate Muse perfec-
tion. Faith and Candor Ever, an elegy to a
country maiden, is a spiritual expression of
love. The consciousness that he was destined
to an early death infused into his song a rarely
pensive note. *
Holyoake, George Jacob. An English social
and religious reformer, journalist, and author;
born at Birmingham, April 13, 1817. He was
educated at the Mechanics' Institute in his
native city, and has figured as teacher, jour.
nalist, and lecturer. He is chiefly known for
his advocacy of secularism. Ilis works include :
(Secularism (1854); Life of Robert Owen)
(1859); (The Limits of Atheism) (1861); (His-
tory of Co-operation (1875-79); Among the
Americans) (1881); (A Hundred Days in New
Mexico and Canada.
Home, John. A Scotch dramatist; born in
Leith, near Edinburgh, Sept. 21, 1722; died at
Marchiston, near Edinburgh, Sept. 5, 1808. He
took part against Charles Edward in the war of
1745, was taken prisoner at Falkirk, but freed
after Culloden. He subsequently became a
clergyman. His great tragedy Douglas,' pro-
duced in Edinburgh in 1756, aroused hostility
among the Scotch clergy, and he abandoned
the church. Douglas) met with great success
in London, and was followed by (Agis, (The
Fatal Discovery,' and Alfred. He aided Mac-
pherson financially in the production of the
Ossian poetry, and also wrote a History of
the Rebellion in Scotland in 1755-56.
Homer (ho-mer). The greatest of epic poets,
author of the Iliad and Odyssey. The date of
his birth is generally set at the eighth or ninth
century B. C. , but has been the subject of dis-
cussion among scholars, with various results,
now inclining to a much earlier period, -as
early as 1300 B. C. , - in accordance with the gen-
eral results of archæological investigations. *
Homes, Mrs. Mary Sophie (Shaw) (Rogers).
An American novelist and writer of verse
(pseudonym Millie Mayfield "); born at Fred-
erick, Md. , about 1830. Her home is in New
Orleans. She has written : (Carrie Harring.
ton, or Scenes in New Orleans) (1857); “Pro-
gression, or the South Defended) (1868), verse ;
A Wreath of Rhymes) (1869); etc.
(
## p. 272 (#288) ############################################
272
HONE - HOOKER
Hone, William. An English clergyman and
author; born at Bath, June 3, 1780; died at
Tottenham, London, Nov. 6, 1842. He was for
some years a publisher and bookseller. During
the latter part of his life he preached to a con-
gregation of Dissenters. Of his works : (The
Everyday Book) (1826); (The Table Book )
(1827-28); (The Year Book (1829), containing
much curious information, descriptions of old
customs, etc. , were popular in their day, and
were more than once imitated. (The Politi.
cal House that Jack Built,' a satire, appeared
in 1819, and went through nearly fifty editions.
Hood, Edwin Paxton. An English clergyman
and author; born in Westminster, 1820; died
in 1885. For many years pastor of a Congre-
gational church in London, editor of the Eclec-
tic Review, and a popular lecturer, he has writ-
ten, compiled, and edited nearly fifty volumes,
among which are : John Milton) (1851); “The
Uses of Biography) (1852); Biography of Will-
iam Wordsworth) (1856); Lamps, Pitchers,
and Trumpets) (1867), lectures delivered to the-
ological students; (The World of Anecdote)
(1869); (The Romance of Biography) (1876);
(Oliver Cromwell, his Life, Times, Battle-Fields,
etc. (1884); ( The Throne of Eloquence) (1885).
Hood, Thomas. An English poet, master of
humor and pathos; born in Lo don, May 23,
1799; died there, May 3, 1845. He had few early
advantages, his genius first asserting itself in
his early twenties in Whims and Oddities, a
collection of verse. The most playful and hu-
morous of poets, there is yet a melancholy in
all his numbers that now and then dominates
his song entirely,—(The Hostler's Lament and
(The Haunted House) constituting examples.
(The Plea of the Midsummer Fairies) is worthy
of the hand that wrote (The Song of the Shirt. ?
He has had more imitators than any other
modern poet. *
Hood, Thomas, the younger. An English
poet, humorist, and novelist, son of Thomas;
born in Lake House, Essex, Jan. 19, 1835;
died at Peckham Rye, Surrey, Nov. 20, 1874.
He studied at Oxford, and began his literary
career there with (Pen and Pencil Pictures. )
(Quips and Cranks) was his best production
in verse. His successful novels include : (A
Disputed Inheritance); (A Golden Heart); and
1 The Lost Link. His talent for droll stories
and sketches was considerable.
Hooft, Pieter Corneliszoon (höft). A Dutch
poet and historian; born in Amsterdam, March
16, 1581 ; died at The Hague, May 25 (or 21),
1647. He was burgomaster of Minden for nearly
forty years. His works give him high rank,
especially his volume of collected Poems. In
prose, the History of Henry IV. ! ; (History of
the House of Medici); and History of the Low
Countries, display a talent worthy of a great
annalist and investigator. *
Hook, James. Dean of Worcester; born in
London, June 1771; died at Worcester, 1828.
Educated at Oxford, he took holy orders, rose
rapidly in the church, and in 1825 was ap-
pointed dean of Worcester. He wrote politi.
cal pamphlets, sermons, etc. Two of his
novels, Pen Owen) (1822) and Percy Mal.
lory) (1823) attracted much attention.
Hook, Theodore (Edward). An English
humorist, story-writer, and dramatist; born in
London, Sept. 22, 1788; died in Fulham, Aug.
24, 1841. His peculiar wit was well adapted to
the fashion of his day, and the "Sayings and
Doings) were once much in vogue. The plots
of his dramas are mere pegs to hang witticisms
on; but "Gilbert Gurney) and Jack Brag' are
good stories. *
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, Sir. An English
botanist, son of Sir William Jackson; born at
Halesworth, Suffolk, June 30, 1817. He took
his M. D. at Glasgow University in 1839. He
was assistant surgeon and naturalist of the
famous expedition of Sir James Clark Ross;
visited India in 1847; and in 1871 with John
Ball ascended the Great Atlas in Morocco.
From 1855 to 1885 he was on the directorate
of Kew Gardens. Among his works are :
(Botany of the Antarctic Voyage) (1847–60);
(Himalayan Journals) (1854); "Student's Flora
of the British Islands (1870); ' Botany' (Science
Primers), in 1876; Journal of a Tour in Mo-
rocco and the Great Atlas) (1878), with John
Ball.
Hooker, Richard. A famous English divine
and theological writer; born at Heavitree,
Exeter, about 1553; died at Bishopsbourne,
near Canterbury, Nov. 2, 1600. He has been
called “the judicious Hooker. )
work, the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity) (1592-
1648), supporting the ministry, ritual, and cere-
monies of the Church of England, is one of the
masterpieces of English eloquence. Hallam
compares it to Cicero's (De Legibus,' and
Pope Clement VIII. had part of it translated
into Latin, that it might be read to him. The
best edition is John Keble's third (3 vols. , 1845).
Hooker, Thomas. An English nonconform-
ist clergyman; born at Markfield, Leicester-
shire, in 1586; died at Hartford, Conn. , July
7, 1647. He came to America in 1633; in 1636
removed from Newtown (Cambridge, Mass. )
to Hartford, and founded that colony, be-
coming minister of the First Church there.
He won eminence as a theological writer and
a preacher, and has a permanent historical
importance for his instrumentality in drawing
up the first written constitution in America -
that of the Hartford Colony. His chief work
is (A Survey of the Summe of Church Disci-
pline, in collaboration with John Cotton.
Hooker, William Jackson, Sir. An Eng-
lish botanist; born at Norwich, in 1785; died
at Kew, Aug. 12, 1865. A zealous botanist, he
traveled much in his favorite pursuit. He was
Regius professor of botany in Glasgow Uni-
versity in 1820-41, when he became director
of the Kew Gardens. He was knighted in
1836 on account of his high scientific attain.
His great
## p. 273 (#289) ############################################
HOOPER
HOPKINS
273
ments. His best-known botanical works are:
Journal of a Tour in Iceland' (1809); (Mus-
cologia Britannica (1818), containing the
mosses of Great Britain and Ireland ; (The
British Flora) (1830), which has gone through
several editions ; (British Ferns) (1862); "Gar-
den Ferns) (1862).
Hooper, Johnson. An American writer of
stories; born in North Carolina about 1815;
died 1863. He was a lawyer in Alabama. He
wrote: (Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs);
“Widow Rugby's Husband, and Other Ala-
bama Tales.
Hooper, Lucy. An American sketch-writer
and poet; born in Massachusetts, 1816; died
1841. Her home was in Brooklyn, N. Y. She
wrote (Scenes from Real Life,' a volume of
prose sketches. Her complete poems appeared
in 1848.
Hooper, Mrs. Lucy Hamilton (Jones). An
American poet, novelist, and journalist; born
in Philadelphia, 1835; died 1893. She was for
some time assistant editor of Lippincott's Mag-
azine. Her husband being United States vice-
consul-general in France, she resided after 1874
in Paris, where she was correspondent for several
American newspapers. She wrote: Poems)
(1864 and 1871); and the novels (Under the
Tricolor) (1880) and (The Tsar's Window)
(1881).
Hope, Anthony. See Hawkins.
Hope, James Barron. An American lawyer,
journalist, and poet; born at Norfolk, Va. ,
1827; died 1887. He served in the Confederate
army in the Civil War. Among his poems
are : Leoni di Monti (1857); “Under the Em-
pire, or the Story of Madelon) (1878); and
(Arms and the Man (1882).
Hope, Thomas. An English novelist ; born
about 1770; died Feb. 3, 1831. He was one of
three brothers, wealthy merchants in Amster-
dam. Among his works are: Household
Furniture and Decorations) (1805); “The Cos-
tume of the Ancients) (1809); Designs of
Modern Costumes) (1812). (Anastasius) (1819)
was his best-known work. Byron told the
Countess of Blessington that he wept bitterly
on reading (Anastasius, for two reasons - one
that he had not written it, and the other that
Hope had.
Hopfen, Hans von (hop'fen). A German poet
and novelist; born in Munich, Jan. 3, 1835, win-
ning note at the university there. His Neces-
sity, and other poems of equal merit, are char-
acterized by originality and picturesqueness,
while his novels - notably (The Old Practi-
tioner) - show him a graceful and graphic de-
lineator of character and customs. He ranks
among the best contemporary German writers,
his versatility not having impaired his quality.
Hopkins, Alphonso Alvah. An American
educator, lecturer, journalist, and miscellaneous
writer; born in New York State, 1843. He has
written in verse: (Asleep in the Sanctum);
"Geraldine, a metrical romance modeled after
Lucile); the novels, (His Prison Bars) (1874);
(Sinner and Saint' (1881); Life of General
Clinton Fisk) (1888); etc.
Hopkins, Edward Washburn. An Ameri-
can educator and writer; born in Massachu-
setts, 1857. He is professor of Sanskrit at Yale,
successor of Professor Whitney. He has writ-
ten : Mutual Relations of the Four Castes in
Manu); ( Translation of Laws in Manu; “Social
and Military Position of the Ruling Caste in
Ancient India); (The Religions of India'; etc.
