Translated by Helen
ZiMMERN, with Introduction by T.
ZiMMERN, with Introduction by T.
Nietzsche - v13 - Genealogy of Morals
(#236) ################################################
222 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
13-
The peasant is the commonest type of noblesse,
for he is dependent upon himself most of all.
Peasant blood is still the best blood in Germany
— for example, Luther, Niebuhr, Bismarck.
Bismarck a Slav. Let any one look upon the
face of Germans. Everything that had manly,
exuberant blood in it went abroad. Over the
smug populace remaining, the slave-souled people,
there came an improvement from abroad, especially
by a mixture of Slavonic blood.
The Brandenburg nobility and the Prussian
nobility in general (and the peasant of certain
North German districts), comprise at present the
most manly natures in Germany.
That the manliest men shall rule : this is only
the natural order of things.
14.
The future of German culture rests with the
sons of the Prussian officers.
15-
There has always been a want of wit in
Germany, and mediocre heads attain there to the
highest honours, because even they are rare.
What is most highly prized is diligence and per-
severance and a certain cold-blooded, critical out-
look, and, for the sake of such qualities, German
scholarship and the German military system have
become paramount in Europe.
## p. (#237) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 223
16.
Parliaments may be very useful to a strong and
versatile statesman : he has something there to
rely upon (every such thing must, however, be
able to resist ! ) — upon which he can throw a great
deal of responsibility. On the whole, however, I
could wish that the counting mania and the
superstitious belief in majorities were not estab-
lished in Germany, as with the Latin races, and
that one could finally invent something new even
in politics ! It is senseless and dangerous to let
the custom of universal suffrage — which is still
but a short time under cultivation, and could
easily be uprooted — take a deeper root : whilst,
of course, its introduction was merely an expedient
to steer clear of temporary diiificulties.
17-
Can any one interest himself in this German
Empire ? Where is the new thought ? Is it only
a new combination of power ? All the worse, if
it does not know its own mind. Peace and laisser
aller are not types of politics for which I have
any respect. Ruling, and helping the highest
thoughts to victory — the only things that can
make me interested in Germany. England's
small-mindedness is the great danger now on
earth. I observe more inclination towards great-
ness in the feelings of the Russian Nihilists than
in those of the English Utilitarians. We require
an intergrowth of the German and Slav races, and
## p. (#238) ################################################
224 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
we require, too, the cleverest financiers, the Jews,
for us to become masters of the world.
(a) The sense of reality.
(b) A giving-up of the English principle of the
people's right of representation. We require the
representation of the great interests.
(c) We require an unconditional union with
Russia, together with a mutual plan of action
which shall not permit any English schemata to
obtain the mastery in Russia. No American
future !
(d) A national system of politics is untenable,
and embarrassment by Christian views is a very
great evil. In Europe all sensible people are
sceptics, whether they say so or not.
i8.
I see over and beyond all these national wars,
new " empires," and whatever else lies in the fore-
ground. What I am concerned with — for I see it
preparing itself slowly and hesitatingly — is the
United Europe. It was the only real work, the
one impulse in the souls, of all the broad-minded
and deep-thinking men of this century — this
preparation of a new synthesis, and the tentative
effort to anticipate the future of " the European. "
Only in their weaker moments, or when they grew
old, did they fall back again into the national
narrowness of the " Fatherlanders " — then they
were once more "patriots. " I am thinking of
men like Napoleon, Heinrich Heine, Goethe,
Beethoven, Stendhal, Schopenhauer. Perhaps
## p. (#239) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 225
Richard Wagner likewise belongs to their number,
concerning whom, as a successful type of German
obscurity, nothing can be said without some such
" perhaps. "
But to the help of such minds as feel the need
of a new unity there comes a great explanatory
economic fact: the small States of Europe — I
refer to all our present kingdoms and " empires '' —
will in a short time become economically un-
tenable, owing to the mad, uncontrolled struggle
for the possession of local and international trade.
Money is even now compelling European nations
to amalgamate into one Power. In order, how-
ever, that Europe may enter into the battle for
the mastery of the world with good prospects of
victory (it is easy to perceive against whom this
battle will be waged), she must probably " come
to an understanding " with England. The English
colonies are needed for this struggle, just as much
as modern Germany, to play her new rdle of
broker and middleman, requires the colonial
possessions of Holland. For no one any longer
believes that England alone is strong enough to
continue to act her old part for fifty years more ;
the impossibility of shutting out homines novi
from the government will ruin her, and her con-
tinual change of political parties is a fatal obstacle
to the carrying out of any tasks which require to
be spread out over a long period of time. A man
must to-day be a soldier first and foremost that he
may not afterwards lose his credit as a merchant.
Enough; here, as in other matters, the coming
century will be found following in the footsteps of
P
## p. (#240) ################################################
226 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
Napoleon — the first man, and the man of greatest
initiative and advanced views, of modern times.
For the tasks of the next century, the methods of
popular representation and parliaments are the
most inappropriate imaginable.
19-
The condition of Europe in the next century
will once again lead to the breeding of manly
virtues, because men will live in continual danger.
Universal military service is already the curious
antidote which we possess for the effeminacy of
democratic ideas, and it has grown up out of the
struggle of the nations. (Nation — men who speak
one language and read the same newspapers.
These men now call themselves " nations,'' and
would far too readily trace their descent from the
same source and through the same history ; which,
however, even with the assistance of the most
malignant lying in the past, they have not suc-
ceeded in doing. )
20.
What quagmires and mendacity must there be
about if it is possible, in the modern European
hotch-potch, to raise questions of "race" ! (It being
premised that the origin of such writers is not in
Horneo and Borneo. )
21.
Maxim : To associate with no man who takes
any part in the mendacious race swindle.
## p. (#241) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 227
22.
With the freedom of travel now existing,
groups of men of the same kindred can join
together and establish communal habits and
customs. The overcoming of " nations. "
23-
To make Europe a centre of culture, national
stupidities should not make us blind to the fact
that in the higher regions there is already a con-
tinuous reciprocal dependence. France and Ger-
man philosophy. Richard Wagner and Paris
(1830-50). Goethe and Greece. All things
are impelled towards a synthesis of the European
past in the highest types of mind.
24.
Mankind has still much before it — how, gener-
ally speaking, could the ideal be taken from the
past? Perhaps merely in relation to the present,
which latter is possibly a lower region.
25-
This is our distrust, which recurs again and
again ; our care, which never lets us sleep ; our
question, which no one listens to or wishes to
listen to ; our Sphinx, near which there is more
than one precipice : we believe that the men of
present-day Europe are deceived in regard to the
things which we love best, and a pitiless demon
## p. (#242) ################################################
228 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
(no, not pitiless, only indifferent and puerile) —
plays with our hearts and their enthusiasm, as it
may perhaps have already played with everything
that lived and loved ; I believe that everything
which we Europeans of to-day are in the habit of
admiring as the values of all these respected
things called "humanity," "mankind," "sym-
pathy," "pity," may be of some value as the
debilitation and moderating of certain powerful
and dangerous primitive impulses. Nevertheless,
in the long run all these things are nothing else
than the belittlement of the entire type "man,"
his mediocrisation, if in such a desperate situation
I may make use of such a desperate expression.
I think that the commedia umana for an epicurean
spectator-god must consist in this : that the
Europeans, by virtue of their growing morality,
believe in all their innocence and vanity that they
are rising higher and higher, whereas the truth
is that they are sinking lower and lower — i. e.
through the cultivation of all the virtues which
are useful to a herd, and through the repression
of the other and contrary virtues which give rise
to a new, higher, stronger, masterful race of men
— the first-named virtues merely develop the herd-
animal in man and stabilitate the animal " man,"
for until now man has been " the animal as yet
unstabilitated. "
26.
Genius and Epoch. — Heroism is no form of
selfishness, for one is shipwrecked by it. . . . The
## p. (#243) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 229
direction of power is often conditioned by the
state of the period in which the great man happens
to be born ; and this fact brings about the super-
stition that he is the expression of his time. But
this same power could be applied in several
different ways ; and between him and his time
there is always this difference : that public opinion
always worships the herd instinct, — i. e. the instinct
of the weak, — while he, the strong man, fights for
strong ideals.
27.
The fate now overhanging Europe is simply
this: that it is exactly her strongest sons that
come rarely and late to the spring-time of their
existence ; that, as a rule, when they are already
in their early youth they perish, saddened, dis-
gusted, darkened in mind, just because they have
already, with the entire passion of their strength,
drained to the dregs the cup of disillusionment,
which in our days means the cup of knowledge,
and they would not have been the strongest had
they not also been the most disillusionised. For
that is the test of their power — they must first of all
rise out of the illness of their epoch to reach their
own health. A late spring-time is their mark of
distinction ; also, let us add, late merriment, late
folly, the late exuberance of joy ! For this is the
danger of to-day : everything that we loved when
we were young has betrayed us. Our last love —
th & love which makes us acknowledge he r^_our
lo ve for T ruth — let us take care that she, too,
does not betray~u sT~~
## p. (#244) ################################################
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Morrison & Gibb Limited
Edinburgh
## p. (#245) ################################################
THE WORKS OF
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
First Complete and Authorised English Translation, in i8 Volumes
Edited by Dr, OSCAR LEVY
I. THE BIRTH OFTRAGEDY. Translated by William
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III. THE FUTURE OF OUR EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS. Translated by J. M. Kennedy. 2s. 6d. net.
Second Edition.
IV. THOUGHTS OUT OF SEASON, Vol. I. Trans-
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V. THOUGHTS OUT OF SEASON, Vol. II. Trans-
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VI. HUMAN, ALL-TOO-HUMAN, Vol. I. Translated by
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VII. HUMAN, ALL-TOO-HUMAN, Vol. II. Translated,
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VIII. THE CASE OF WAGNER : We Philologists, &c.
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IX. THE DAWN OF DAY. Translated, with Intro-
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X. THE JOYFUL WISDOM. Translated, with Intro-
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XI, THUS SPAKE ZARATHUSTRA. Revised Trans-
lation by T. Common, with Introduction by Mrs, Foerster-Niet-
zscHE, and Commentary by A- M. Ludovici. 6s. net. Second Ed.
XII. BEYOND GOOD AND EVIL.
Translated by Helen
ZiMMERN, with Introduction by T. Common. 3s. 6d. net. Third Ed.
Xni. THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS. Translated by
Horace B. Samuel, M. A,, with Introductory Note. 3s. 6d. net.
XIV. THE WILL TO POWER, Vol. I. Translated, with
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XVLTHE TWILIGHT OF IDOLS, THE ANTI-
CHRIST, &c. Translated by A. M. Ludovici. Cr. 8vo, 5s. net.
XVII. ECCE HOMO AND POETRY. Translated by A. M.
Ludovici. Crown 8vo, 6s. net.
XVIII. INDEX TO WORKS, by Robert Guppy ; and
Vocabulary of all Foreign Words and Phrases, by Paul V. Cohn ;
prefaced by an Essay on the Nietzsche Movement in England, by
Dr. Oscar Levy. 450 pp. Crown 8vo, 6s. net
T. N. FOULIS, PUBLISHER
91 GT. RUSSELL ST. , LONDON, &" 15 FREDERICK ST. . EDINBURGH
## p. (#246) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
THE RENAISSANCE
By COUNT ARTHUR DE GOBINEAU
Translated by Paul V. Cohn, with an Introductory
Essay by Dr. Oscar Levy
"js. dd.
(Heinemann)
(/« the Press)
These five historical dramas cover the flowering-time of the Italian
Renaissance from the rise to prominence of Savonarola (1492) to the
last days of Michaelangelo (about 1560). While grouped round the
leading figures who provide the titles — Savonarola, Cesare Borgia,
Julius II. , Leo X. , and Michaelangelo — the plays introduce almosi
every interesting character of the period. Nor are we only con-
cerned with the great names : the author aims at catching the spiril
of the people, and the thoughts and feelings of soldier, artisan,
trader, and their womenfolk find ample voice in his pages.
The Italian Renaissance is an epoch of peculiar interest to English
readers, not least because of its profound influence on our own
Elizabethan age. It is perhaps the most many-sided period in
history : even fifth-century Greece scarcely contributed so much—
or at any rate so much that has survived — to the world of politics,
art, and thought. Now while this interest is amply reflected in
contemporary literature, from the monumental work of Symonds
down to the flotsam and jetsam of everyday fiction, there is one kind
of man who more than an historian would show insight into this
age, and that is a poet.
It is as a poet's work that Gobineau's " Historical Scenes" recom-
mend themselves to the public. But there are many kinds of poets :
there is the religious and moral kind, there is the irreligious and
submoral kind, and there is the super-religious and super-moral
kind. Only the last-named can understand, can feel, can sympathise
with such mighty figures as Cesare Borgia and JuUus II. — the
religious poet being inclined to paint them as monsters, the sub-
religious as freaks and neurotics. Similia similibus: equals can
only be recognised by their equals, and Gobineau was himself a type
of the Renaissance flung by destiny into an age of low bourgeois and
socialist ideals. In a century swayed by romanticism and democracy,
Gobineau was a classic and an aristocrat. He is a forerunner of
Nietzsche (" the only European spirit I should care to converse with,"
said Nietzsche of him in a letter), and as such is peculiarly fitted
## p. (#247) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
to deal with one of the few periods that was not dominated by the
moral law. For this reason Gobineau cannot fail to attract the large
and ever-growing circle of students of Nietzsche in this country and
America.
Although Gobineau, especially in his masterly touches of irony,
is a thorough Frenchman, he has not attracted in his own country,
even since his death in 1881, the attention he deserves. This is
mainly due to his anti-republican and anti-patriotic bias. In Ger-
many, on the other hand, his work has created great stir : of " La
Renaissance" alone there are no fewer than four different trans-
lations, and acting versions have been and still are produced with
success. We may hope that England — of late years not behindhand
in welcoming continental authors — will to some extent follow the
example of her Teutonic sister-nation. At any rate, the work of
Gobineau does not lack a distinguished English sponsor — one who
was no less a discerning critic than a great creative artist. George
Meredith writes (in a letter to Mrs. J. G. Butcher, Feb. 27th,
1906, : " I return the book of the Comte de Gobineau, I have not
for long read anything so good. The Renaissance in its chief ruler
and the ideas and character of the time is made alive. So much
has the writer impressed me that I sent for ' Histoire des Perses,' an
expose of his political notions. "
NIETZSCHE : HIS LIFE AND
WORKS
By ANTHONY M. LUDOVICI
Preface by Dr. Oscar Levy
103 pages, \s. net
(Constable & Co)
In this short monograph on Nietzsche, the latest addition
to Messrs. Constable's Shilling " Philosophies, Ancient and
Modem" series, Mr. Ludovici not only gives the reader a
succinct account of the philosophy of the " Will to Power " in
all its main features ; but he also sketches in bold strokes the
groundwork of an attack on Darwin, Spencer, English Materi-
alism, and English Utilitarianism, which is perhaps the first
criticism of the kind ever attempted from a Nietzschean
standpoint.
Q
## p. (#248) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
NIETZSCHE AND ART
BY
ANTHONY M. LUDOVICI
4^. bd.
(Constable & Co)
Not only to the Nietzsche enthusiast, but also to th
art student, this book ought to be of particular value am
interest, seeing that it is the first attempt that has eve
been made, either in English or any Continental language
to apply Nietzsche's Esthetic to one of the branches o
Art.
In this work the reader will find all the matter includei
in Mr. Ludovici's stimulating course of lectures recentl;
delivered at University College, Gower Street, and a goo(
deal more besides. " I have done two things," says th(
author in his preface ; " I have given a detailed accoun
of Nietzsche's general art doctrine, and I have alsi
applied this doctrine to the graphic arts of to-day an(
of antiquity. "
To quote the Daily TelegrapKs report of the lectures
Mr. Ludovici's thesis is simply this : " The finest art
or the ruler art, as he calls it, is that in which thi
aristocratic principles of culture, selection, precision, anc
simplicity are upheld, and this art can be the flowe
and product only of a society in which an aristocratii
order is observed.
## p. (#249) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
THE MASTERY OF LIFE
By G. T. WRENCH
x^s. net
(Stephen Swift)
This book is a review of the history of civilisation with the
object of discovering, in the phrase of Nietzsche, "under
what conditions and where the plant man flourished best. "
The review shows that the patriarchal family has always
been the foundation of peoples who have been distinguished
for their joy in and power over life, and have expressed their
joy and power in art works which have been their peculiar
glory and the object of admiration and wonder of other
peoples. On the other hand, peoples who have not based
themselves on the larger humanity of patriarchalism, and
who have not cultivated a masterful aristocracy, have been
distinguished by a weaker and often miserable attitude
towards life, and by an expression, not of power, joy, and
quality, but of exhaustion, pessimism, and doubts about the
objects of existence.
The author contrasts the two types of peoples, the orderly
and artistic, and the dehumanised or mechanical, and shows
how the latter may hope to attain to the mastery of life, both
social and individual. But to carry out the change of social
basis and values, a new kind of men is needed, and this need
leads the author in the last pages to advocate as an essential
preliminary the self-culture of power and will which Nietzsche
taught so brilliantly through the mouth of Zarathustra.
## p. (#250) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
RELIGIONS AND
PHILOSOPHIES OF THE EAST
J. M. KENNEDY
Author of " The Quintessence of Nietzsche "
Crown %vo, 6s. net
" All wisdom came from the East," and all the wisdom oi
the East is bound up in its religions and philosophies, the
earliest forms of which can be traced back 3000 years B. C.
Mr. J. M. Kennedy has now aimed at giving in a single
volume a concise history of the religions and philosophies
which have influenced the thought of the great eastern
nations, special emphasis, of course, being laid upon the
different religions which have swayed the vast empire of
India. A feature of the book is a section dealing with the
influence of the philosophies of the East upon those of
the West, so far as materials are now available for our
guidance in this respect. It may be remembered, for ex-
ample, that Schopenhauer was greatly influenced by Indian
thought, and that he exercised much influence on Nietzsche,
who, in his turn, as shown in Mr. Kennedy's " Quintessence
of Nietzsche," has not only swayed modem thought, but is
in addition likely to affect the whole trend of philosophy
for many generations to come.
T. WERNER LAURIE, CLIFFORD'S INN, LONDON
## p. (#251) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
THE PHILOSOPHY
OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
By H. L. MENCKEN
Demy 8vo, ys. 6d. net
(Fisher Unwin)
A popular exposition of Nietzsche's ideas, showing their
application to current problems, together with an account of
his life, and chapters upon his origins and influence.
"An admirable manual. "—Dr. W. L. Courtney, in the Daily
Telegraph.
" One of the most interesting and instructive books that has come
from the American press in many a long day. Mr. Mencken can
write. In addition, he has something to write about. " — Educational
Review.
" A clear exposition, in vigorous, straightforward language, and a
really interesting and thoughtful biographical memoir. "— 0«</«oi.
"A very readable and clear account of the philosophy and the
philosopher. " — New York Sun.
MEN 1^5. THE MAN
By ROBERT RIVES LAMONTE and
H. L. MENCKEN
\2mo, 251 pages, $1. 35 net
(Henry Holt & Co. , New York)
A series of actual letters between a prominent American
Socialist and a Nietzschean Individualist. An earnest and
lively debate.
"No more brilliant and entertaining work has appeared in many
years. " — Wilshir^s Magazine.
" An epistolary duel between two well-equipped champions. " —
International Socialist Review.
"Mencken's thinking and Mencken's writing delight me. I like
to see him hammer the dunces, the scholiasts, the hired bombasticos
of the pulpit and the lecture-room. "— Percival Pollard, in Town
Topics,
## p. (#252) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
ON THE TRACKS OF LIFE
THE IMMORALITY OF MORALITY
Translated from the Italian of Leo G. Sera by
J. M. Kennedy
With an Introduction by Dr. Oscar Levy
7^. 6d. net
(John Lane)
Dr. Sera is a physician who has deeply studied literature
and historical science, and the object of his book is, in the
opening words of the preface : " To establish our conception
of social life on its original basis. " The author adduces
many new and startling theories in regard to the questions he
treats of in support of his views. He holds that the diffusion
of democratic principles is vulgarising science and art, and
that present social conditions, especially work and Christian
teaching, are leading to the intellectual and moral degen-
eration of the race. Stimulating chapters on Stendhal,
Nietzsche, Goethe, The Origin of Society, Work, and the
Aristocratic Ideal, show current opinions of Genius, Aristo-
cracy, Democracy, Sport, and Sexuality in a new light.
Scientific thought is put upon a new basis more in conformity
with modem Continental views. The audacity of Dr.
Sera's theories has evoked much discussion in England and
on the Continent ; and his work is certain to appeal to all
serious thinkers, and to students of modern moral problems.
" There are a host of points which Dr. Sera makes which it would
be well if our social conventionalists would consider. For one
thing, his philosophy is based on what men really do and think, as
apart from their professions. " — Sunday Times.
" Written with a vigour and freshness rarely met with in works of
this character, few readers could peruse the volume without intel-
lectual quickening and expansion. — Western Morning News,
"A vigorously written bit of work, packed full of shrewd
thinking, " — Birmingham Post.
" The volume contains many obiter dicta of great shrewdness,
and of particular value to our own race. " — Globe.
## p. (#253) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
HIS LIFE AND WORK
By M. A. MtJGGE, Ph. D.
10^. 6d. (Third Edition)
(Fisher Unwin)
To those who have already perused Dr. Miigge's valuable
book the advent of a third edition will be more than welcome.
The detailed and fascinating story of Nietzsche's life forms a
fitting prelude to the scholarly sketch of the brilliant poet-
philosopher's works comprising the second part of the volume.
The author's keen critique, combined with his absolutely just
and unbiassed appreciation of Nietzsche's contribution to
philosophical thought, furnishes delightful reading in the third
part, which portrays the lonely genius as philosopher, poet
and prophet.
Almost invaluable to the student of Nietzsche is the com-
plete and accurate bibliography, at present the most reliable
compendium of English and foreign literature on this subject
obtainable.
The book supplies a long-felt want, and fulfils most admir-
ably the author's aims, as stated in his preface, viz. , " the
introduction of the philosopher and his philosophy to those
unacquainted with either"; and, "to gain for Nietzsche some
appreciation and justice in the English-speaking world,
where he is so little known, and, when not unknown, so often
misunderstood. "
PRESS CRITICISMS.
222 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
13-
The peasant is the commonest type of noblesse,
for he is dependent upon himself most of all.
Peasant blood is still the best blood in Germany
— for example, Luther, Niebuhr, Bismarck.
Bismarck a Slav. Let any one look upon the
face of Germans. Everything that had manly,
exuberant blood in it went abroad. Over the
smug populace remaining, the slave-souled people,
there came an improvement from abroad, especially
by a mixture of Slavonic blood.
The Brandenburg nobility and the Prussian
nobility in general (and the peasant of certain
North German districts), comprise at present the
most manly natures in Germany.
That the manliest men shall rule : this is only
the natural order of things.
14.
The future of German culture rests with the
sons of the Prussian officers.
15-
There has always been a want of wit in
Germany, and mediocre heads attain there to the
highest honours, because even they are rare.
What is most highly prized is diligence and per-
severance and a certain cold-blooded, critical out-
look, and, for the sake of such qualities, German
scholarship and the German military system have
become paramount in Europe.
## p. (#237) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 223
16.
Parliaments may be very useful to a strong and
versatile statesman : he has something there to
rely upon (every such thing must, however, be
able to resist ! ) — upon which he can throw a great
deal of responsibility. On the whole, however, I
could wish that the counting mania and the
superstitious belief in majorities were not estab-
lished in Germany, as with the Latin races, and
that one could finally invent something new even
in politics ! It is senseless and dangerous to let
the custom of universal suffrage — which is still
but a short time under cultivation, and could
easily be uprooted — take a deeper root : whilst,
of course, its introduction was merely an expedient
to steer clear of temporary diiificulties.
17-
Can any one interest himself in this German
Empire ? Where is the new thought ? Is it only
a new combination of power ? All the worse, if
it does not know its own mind. Peace and laisser
aller are not types of politics for which I have
any respect. Ruling, and helping the highest
thoughts to victory — the only things that can
make me interested in Germany. England's
small-mindedness is the great danger now on
earth. I observe more inclination towards great-
ness in the feelings of the Russian Nihilists than
in those of the English Utilitarians. We require
an intergrowth of the German and Slav races, and
## p. (#238) ################################################
224 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
we require, too, the cleverest financiers, the Jews,
for us to become masters of the world.
(a) The sense of reality.
(b) A giving-up of the English principle of the
people's right of representation. We require the
representation of the great interests.
(c) We require an unconditional union with
Russia, together with a mutual plan of action
which shall not permit any English schemata to
obtain the mastery in Russia. No American
future !
(d) A national system of politics is untenable,
and embarrassment by Christian views is a very
great evil. In Europe all sensible people are
sceptics, whether they say so or not.
i8.
I see over and beyond all these national wars,
new " empires," and whatever else lies in the fore-
ground. What I am concerned with — for I see it
preparing itself slowly and hesitatingly — is the
United Europe. It was the only real work, the
one impulse in the souls, of all the broad-minded
and deep-thinking men of this century — this
preparation of a new synthesis, and the tentative
effort to anticipate the future of " the European. "
Only in their weaker moments, or when they grew
old, did they fall back again into the national
narrowness of the " Fatherlanders " — then they
were once more "patriots. " I am thinking of
men like Napoleon, Heinrich Heine, Goethe,
Beethoven, Stendhal, Schopenhauer. Perhaps
## p. (#239) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 225
Richard Wagner likewise belongs to their number,
concerning whom, as a successful type of German
obscurity, nothing can be said without some such
" perhaps. "
But to the help of such minds as feel the need
of a new unity there comes a great explanatory
economic fact: the small States of Europe — I
refer to all our present kingdoms and " empires '' —
will in a short time become economically un-
tenable, owing to the mad, uncontrolled struggle
for the possession of local and international trade.
Money is even now compelling European nations
to amalgamate into one Power. In order, how-
ever, that Europe may enter into the battle for
the mastery of the world with good prospects of
victory (it is easy to perceive against whom this
battle will be waged), she must probably " come
to an understanding " with England. The English
colonies are needed for this struggle, just as much
as modern Germany, to play her new rdle of
broker and middleman, requires the colonial
possessions of Holland. For no one any longer
believes that England alone is strong enough to
continue to act her old part for fifty years more ;
the impossibility of shutting out homines novi
from the government will ruin her, and her con-
tinual change of political parties is a fatal obstacle
to the carrying out of any tasks which require to
be spread out over a long period of time. A man
must to-day be a soldier first and foremost that he
may not afterwards lose his credit as a merchant.
Enough; here, as in other matters, the coming
century will be found following in the footsteps of
P
## p. (#240) ################################################
226 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
Napoleon — the first man, and the man of greatest
initiative and advanced views, of modern times.
For the tasks of the next century, the methods of
popular representation and parliaments are the
most inappropriate imaginable.
19-
The condition of Europe in the next century
will once again lead to the breeding of manly
virtues, because men will live in continual danger.
Universal military service is already the curious
antidote which we possess for the effeminacy of
democratic ideas, and it has grown up out of the
struggle of the nations. (Nation — men who speak
one language and read the same newspapers.
These men now call themselves " nations,'' and
would far too readily trace their descent from the
same source and through the same history ; which,
however, even with the assistance of the most
malignant lying in the past, they have not suc-
ceeded in doing. )
20.
What quagmires and mendacity must there be
about if it is possible, in the modern European
hotch-potch, to raise questions of "race" ! (It being
premised that the origin of such writers is not in
Horneo and Borneo. )
21.
Maxim : To associate with no man who takes
any part in the mendacious race swindle.
## p. (#241) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 227
22.
With the freedom of travel now existing,
groups of men of the same kindred can join
together and establish communal habits and
customs. The overcoming of " nations. "
23-
To make Europe a centre of culture, national
stupidities should not make us blind to the fact
that in the higher regions there is already a con-
tinuous reciprocal dependence. France and Ger-
man philosophy. Richard Wagner and Paris
(1830-50). Goethe and Greece. All things
are impelled towards a synthesis of the European
past in the highest types of mind.
24.
Mankind has still much before it — how, gener-
ally speaking, could the ideal be taken from the
past? Perhaps merely in relation to the present,
which latter is possibly a lower region.
25-
This is our distrust, which recurs again and
again ; our care, which never lets us sleep ; our
question, which no one listens to or wishes to
listen to ; our Sphinx, near which there is more
than one precipice : we believe that the men of
present-day Europe are deceived in regard to the
things which we love best, and a pitiless demon
## p. (#242) ################################################
228 THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS.
(no, not pitiless, only indifferent and puerile) —
plays with our hearts and their enthusiasm, as it
may perhaps have already played with everything
that lived and loved ; I believe that everything
which we Europeans of to-day are in the habit of
admiring as the values of all these respected
things called "humanity," "mankind," "sym-
pathy," "pity," may be of some value as the
debilitation and moderating of certain powerful
and dangerous primitive impulses. Nevertheless,
in the long run all these things are nothing else
than the belittlement of the entire type "man,"
his mediocrisation, if in such a desperate situation
I may make use of such a desperate expression.
I think that the commedia umana for an epicurean
spectator-god must consist in this : that the
Europeans, by virtue of their growing morality,
believe in all their innocence and vanity that they
are rising higher and higher, whereas the truth
is that they are sinking lower and lower — i. e.
through the cultivation of all the virtues which
are useful to a herd, and through the repression
of the other and contrary virtues which give rise
to a new, higher, stronger, masterful race of men
— the first-named virtues merely develop the herd-
animal in man and stabilitate the animal " man,"
for until now man has been " the animal as yet
unstabilitated. "
26.
Genius and Epoch. — Heroism is no form of
selfishness, for one is shipwrecked by it. . . . The
## p. (#243) ################################################
PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. 229
direction of power is often conditioned by the
state of the period in which the great man happens
to be born ; and this fact brings about the super-
stition that he is the expression of his time. But
this same power could be applied in several
different ways ; and between him and his time
there is always this difference : that public opinion
always worships the herd instinct, — i. e. the instinct
of the weak, — while he, the strong man, fights for
strong ideals.
27.
The fate now overhanging Europe is simply
this: that it is exactly her strongest sons that
come rarely and late to the spring-time of their
existence ; that, as a rule, when they are already
in their early youth they perish, saddened, dis-
gusted, darkened in mind, just because they have
already, with the entire passion of their strength,
drained to the dregs the cup of disillusionment,
which in our days means the cup of knowledge,
and they would not have been the strongest had
they not also been the most disillusionised. For
that is the test of their power — they must first of all
rise out of the illness of their epoch to reach their
own health. A late spring-time is their mark of
distinction ; also, let us add, late merriment, late
folly, the late exuberance of joy ! For this is the
danger of to-day : everything that we loved when
we were young has betrayed us. Our last love —
th & love which makes us acknowledge he r^_our
lo ve for T ruth — let us take care that she, too,
does not betray~u sT~~
## p. (#244) ################################################
Printed by
Morrison & Gibb Limited
Edinburgh
## p. (#245) ################################################
THE WORKS OF
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
First Complete and Authorised English Translation, in i8 Volumes
Edited by Dr, OSCAR LEVY
I. THE BIRTH OFTRAGEDY. Translated by William
A. Haussmann, B. A. ,Ph. D. , with Biographical Introduction by
the Author's Sister, Portrait and Facsimile. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. net.
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IV. THOUGHTS OUT OF SEASON, Vol. I. Trans-
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V. THOUGHTS OUT OF SEASON, Vol. II. Trans-
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VI. HUMAN, ALL-TOO-HUMAN, Vol. I. Translated by
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VII. HUMAN, ALL-TOO-HUMAN, Vol. II. Translated,
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VIII. THE CASE OF WAGNER : We Philologists, &c.
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IX. THE DAWN OF DAY. Translated, with Intro-
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X. THE JOYFUL WISDOM. Translated, with Intro-
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XI, THUS SPAKE ZARATHUSTRA. Revised Trans-
lation by T. Common, with Introduction by Mrs, Foerster-Niet-
zscHE, and Commentary by A- M. Ludovici. 6s. net. Second Ed.
XII. BEYOND GOOD AND EVIL.
Translated by Helen
ZiMMERN, with Introduction by T. Common. 3s. 6d. net. Third Ed.
Xni. THE GENEALOGY OF MORALS. Translated by
Horace B. Samuel, M. A,, with Introductory Note. 3s. 6d. net.
XIV. THE WILL TO POWER, Vol. I. Translated, with
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XVII. ECCE HOMO AND POETRY. Translated by A. M.
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XVIII. INDEX TO WORKS, by Robert Guppy ; and
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prefaced by an Essay on the Nietzsche Movement in England, by
Dr. Oscar Levy. 450 pp. Crown 8vo, 6s. net
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91 GT. RUSSELL ST. , LONDON, &" 15 FREDERICK ST. . EDINBURGH
## p. (#246) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
THE RENAISSANCE
By COUNT ARTHUR DE GOBINEAU
Translated by Paul V. Cohn, with an Introductory
Essay by Dr. Oscar Levy
"js. dd.
(Heinemann)
(/« the Press)
These five historical dramas cover the flowering-time of the Italian
Renaissance from the rise to prominence of Savonarola (1492) to the
last days of Michaelangelo (about 1560). While grouped round the
leading figures who provide the titles — Savonarola, Cesare Borgia,
Julius II. , Leo X. , and Michaelangelo — the plays introduce almosi
every interesting character of the period. Nor are we only con-
cerned with the great names : the author aims at catching the spiril
of the people, and the thoughts and feelings of soldier, artisan,
trader, and their womenfolk find ample voice in his pages.
The Italian Renaissance is an epoch of peculiar interest to English
readers, not least because of its profound influence on our own
Elizabethan age. It is perhaps the most many-sided period in
history : even fifth-century Greece scarcely contributed so much—
or at any rate so much that has survived — to the world of politics,
art, and thought. Now while this interest is amply reflected in
contemporary literature, from the monumental work of Symonds
down to the flotsam and jetsam of everyday fiction, there is one kind
of man who more than an historian would show insight into this
age, and that is a poet.
It is as a poet's work that Gobineau's " Historical Scenes" recom-
mend themselves to the public. But there are many kinds of poets :
there is the religious and moral kind, there is the irreligious and
submoral kind, and there is the super-religious and super-moral
kind. Only the last-named can understand, can feel, can sympathise
with such mighty figures as Cesare Borgia and JuUus II. — the
religious poet being inclined to paint them as monsters, the sub-
religious as freaks and neurotics. Similia similibus: equals can
only be recognised by their equals, and Gobineau was himself a type
of the Renaissance flung by destiny into an age of low bourgeois and
socialist ideals. In a century swayed by romanticism and democracy,
Gobineau was a classic and an aristocrat. He is a forerunner of
Nietzsche (" the only European spirit I should care to converse with,"
said Nietzsche of him in a letter), and as such is peculiarly fitted
## p. (#247) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
to deal with one of the few periods that was not dominated by the
moral law. For this reason Gobineau cannot fail to attract the large
and ever-growing circle of students of Nietzsche in this country and
America.
Although Gobineau, especially in his masterly touches of irony,
is a thorough Frenchman, he has not attracted in his own country,
even since his death in 1881, the attention he deserves. This is
mainly due to his anti-republican and anti-patriotic bias. In Ger-
many, on the other hand, his work has created great stir : of " La
Renaissance" alone there are no fewer than four different trans-
lations, and acting versions have been and still are produced with
success. We may hope that England — of late years not behindhand
in welcoming continental authors — will to some extent follow the
example of her Teutonic sister-nation. At any rate, the work of
Gobineau does not lack a distinguished English sponsor — one who
was no less a discerning critic than a great creative artist. George
Meredith writes (in a letter to Mrs. J. G. Butcher, Feb. 27th,
1906, : " I return the book of the Comte de Gobineau, I have not
for long read anything so good. The Renaissance in its chief ruler
and the ideas and character of the time is made alive. So much
has the writer impressed me that I sent for ' Histoire des Perses,' an
expose of his political notions. "
NIETZSCHE : HIS LIFE AND
WORKS
By ANTHONY M. LUDOVICI
Preface by Dr. Oscar Levy
103 pages, \s. net
(Constable & Co)
In this short monograph on Nietzsche, the latest addition
to Messrs. Constable's Shilling " Philosophies, Ancient and
Modem" series, Mr. Ludovici not only gives the reader a
succinct account of the philosophy of the " Will to Power " in
all its main features ; but he also sketches in bold strokes the
groundwork of an attack on Darwin, Spencer, English Materi-
alism, and English Utilitarianism, which is perhaps the first
criticism of the kind ever attempted from a Nietzschean
standpoint.
Q
## p. (#248) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
NIETZSCHE AND ART
BY
ANTHONY M. LUDOVICI
4^. bd.
(Constable & Co)
Not only to the Nietzsche enthusiast, but also to th
art student, this book ought to be of particular value am
interest, seeing that it is the first attempt that has eve
been made, either in English or any Continental language
to apply Nietzsche's Esthetic to one of the branches o
Art.
In this work the reader will find all the matter includei
in Mr. Ludovici's stimulating course of lectures recentl;
delivered at University College, Gower Street, and a goo(
deal more besides. " I have done two things," says th(
author in his preface ; " I have given a detailed accoun
of Nietzsche's general art doctrine, and I have alsi
applied this doctrine to the graphic arts of to-day an(
of antiquity. "
To quote the Daily TelegrapKs report of the lectures
Mr. Ludovici's thesis is simply this : " The finest art
or the ruler art, as he calls it, is that in which thi
aristocratic principles of culture, selection, precision, anc
simplicity are upheld, and this art can be the flowe
and product only of a society in which an aristocratii
order is observed.
## p. (#249) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
THE MASTERY OF LIFE
By G. T. WRENCH
x^s. net
(Stephen Swift)
This book is a review of the history of civilisation with the
object of discovering, in the phrase of Nietzsche, "under
what conditions and where the plant man flourished best. "
The review shows that the patriarchal family has always
been the foundation of peoples who have been distinguished
for their joy in and power over life, and have expressed their
joy and power in art works which have been their peculiar
glory and the object of admiration and wonder of other
peoples. On the other hand, peoples who have not based
themselves on the larger humanity of patriarchalism, and
who have not cultivated a masterful aristocracy, have been
distinguished by a weaker and often miserable attitude
towards life, and by an expression, not of power, joy, and
quality, but of exhaustion, pessimism, and doubts about the
objects of existence.
The author contrasts the two types of peoples, the orderly
and artistic, and the dehumanised or mechanical, and shows
how the latter may hope to attain to the mastery of life, both
social and individual. But to carry out the change of social
basis and values, a new kind of men is needed, and this need
leads the author in the last pages to advocate as an essential
preliminary the self-culture of power and will which Nietzsche
taught so brilliantly through the mouth of Zarathustra.
## p. (#250) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
RELIGIONS AND
PHILOSOPHIES OF THE EAST
J. M. KENNEDY
Author of " The Quintessence of Nietzsche "
Crown %vo, 6s. net
" All wisdom came from the East," and all the wisdom oi
the East is bound up in its religions and philosophies, the
earliest forms of which can be traced back 3000 years B. C.
Mr. J. M. Kennedy has now aimed at giving in a single
volume a concise history of the religions and philosophies
which have influenced the thought of the great eastern
nations, special emphasis, of course, being laid upon the
different religions which have swayed the vast empire of
India. A feature of the book is a section dealing with the
influence of the philosophies of the East upon those of
the West, so far as materials are now available for our
guidance in this respect. It may be remembered, for ex-
ample, that Schopenhauer was greatly influenced by Indian
thought, and that he exercised much influence on Nietzsche,
who, in his turn, as shown in Mr. Kennedy's " Quintessence
of Nietzsche," has not only swayed modem thought, but is
in addition likely to affect the whole trend of philosophy
for many generations to come.
T. WERNER LAURIE, CLIFFORD'S INN, LONDON
## p. (#251) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
THE PHILOSOPHY
OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
By H. L. MENCKEN
Demy 8vo, ys. 6d. net
(Fisher Unwin)
A popular exposition of Nietzsche's ideas, showing their
application to current problems, together with an account of
his life, and chapters upon his origins and influence.
"An admirable manual. "—Dr. W. L. Courtney, in the Daily
Telegraph.
" One of the most interesting and instructive books that has come
from the American press in many a long day. Mr. Mencken can
write. In addition, he has something to write about. " — Educational
Review.
" A clear exposition, in vigorous, straightforward language, and a
really interesting and thoughtful biographical memoir. "— 0«</«oi.
"A very readable and clear account of the philosophy and the
philosopher. " — New York Sun.
MEN 1^5. THE MAN
By ROBERT RIVES LAMONTE and
H. L. MENCKEN
\2mo, 251 pages, $1. 35 net
(Henry Holt & Co. , New York)
A series of actual letters between a prominent American
Socialist and a Nietzschean Individualist. An earnest and
lively debate.
"No more brilliant and entertaining work has appeared in many
years. " — Wilshir^s Magazine.
" An epistolary duel between two well-equipped champions. " —
International Socialist Review.
"Mencken's thinking and Mencken's writing delight me. I like
to see him hammer the dunces, the scholiasts, the hired bombasticos
of the pulpit and the lecture-room. "— Percival Pollard, in Town
Topics,
## p. (#252) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
ON THE TRACKS OF LIFE
THE IMMORALITY OF MORALITY
Translated from the Italian of Leo G. Sera by
J. M. Kennedy
With an Introduction by Dr. Oscar Levy
7^. 6d. net
(John Lane)
Dr. Sera is a physician who has deeply studied literature
and historical science, and the object of his book is, in the
opening words of the preface : " To establish our conception
of social life on its original basis. " The author adduces
many new and startling theories in regard to the questions he
treats of in support of his views. He holds that the diffusion
of democratic principles is vulgarising science and art, and
that present social conditions, especially work and Christian
teaching, are leading to the intellectual and moral degen-
eration of the race. Stimulating chapters on Stendhal,
Nietzsche, Goethe, The Origin of Society, Work, and the
Aristocratic Ideal, show current opinions of Genius, Aristo-
cracy, Democracy, Sport, and Sexuality in a new light.
Scientific thought is put upon a new basis more in conformity
with modem Continental views. The audacity of Dr.
Sera's theories has evoked much discussion in England and
on the Continent ; and his work is certain to appeal to all
serious thinkers, and to students of modern moral problems.
" There are a host of points which Dr. Sera makes which it would
be well if our social conventionalists would consider. For one
thing, his philosophy is based on what men really do and think, as
apart from their professions. " — Sunday Times.
" Written with a vigour and freshness rarely met with in works of
this character, few readers could peruse the volume without intel-
lectual quickening and expansion. — Western Morning News,
"A vigorously written bit of work, packed full of shrewd
thinking, " — Birmingham Post.
" The volume contains many obiter dicta of great shrewdness,
and of particular value to our own race. " — Globe.
## p. (#253) ################################################
OTHER NIETZSCHEAN LITERATURE
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
HIS LIFE AND WORK
By M. A. MtJGGE, Ph. D.
10^. 6d. (Third Edition)
(Fisher Unwin)
To those who have already perused Dr. Miigge's valuable
book the advent of a third edition will be more than welcome.
The detailed and fascinating story of Nietzsche's life forms a
fitting prelude to the scholarly sketch of the brilliant poet-
philosopher's works comprising the second part of the volume.
The author's keen critique, combined with his absolutely just
and unbiassed appreciation of Nietzsche's contribution to
philosophical thought, furnishes delightful reading in the third
part, which portrays the lonely genius as philosopher, poet
and prophet.
Almost invaluable to the student of Nietzsche is the com-
plete and accurate bibliography, at present the most reliable
compendium of English and foreign literature on this subject
obtainable.
The book supplies a long-felt want, and fulfils most admir-
ably the author's aims, as stated in his preface, viz. , " the
introduction of the philosopher and his philosophy to those
unacquainted with either"; and, "to gain for Nietzsche some
appreciation and justice in the English-speaking world,
where he is so little known, and, when not unknown, so often
misunderstood. "
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