No More Learning

23. Does Congress provide any protection to the buyer of
perishable goods from a distant market in the United States?
Explain.
Questions and Problems for Further Study and
Discussion
1. Should the tariff policy of the government mean protec-
tion of certain industries or the equal protection of all indus-
tries?
2. What part, if any, should the President play in the process
of fixing tariff rates?
3. Is a flexible tariff a partisan tariff?
4. How true is the statement that "this country will not
be a good place for any of us to live in if it is not a reasonably
good place for all of us to live in "?
5. If a tariff is economically unsound, why should it play
such an important role in American political campaigns?
6. Is not the fixing of tariff rates a matter to be handled by
economic experts rather than by politicians?
7. What serious objections, if any, are there to a flexible
tariff? What arguments are there for a flexible tariff?
8. Was Calvin Coolidge right when he said that a "change
in the tariff would eliminate the farmer's home market. . . .
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? BUSINESS ENTERPRISE AND AGRICULTURE 41
It would mean a general shrinkage of values, a deflation of
prices, a reduction of wages, a general depression carrying our
people down to the low standard of living in our competing
countries"?
9. Would it be possible to secure agricultural relief through
a protective tariff?
10. Is the time coming when tariff protection will mean
more to agriculture than to industry in the United States, for
the reason that agriculture is becoming less, and industry more
dependent on foreign markets?
11. Since patents and copyrights are monopolistic in character,
do you think they are morally justifiable? Explain.
12. What is a caveat? Of what value is it to an inventor?
13. By whom are trade-marks registered?
14. Why should the terms of copyrights and patents be lim-
ited? Discuss.
15. Should the granting of copyrights and patents be a func-
tion of the State Governments as well as that of the National
Government?
16. Would it be a wise policy for the Federal Government to
pay inventors and authors outright for their contributions and
thereby remove the restrictions on their manufacture and
sale?
17. Should the National Government attempt to stabilize the
prices of farm products in order to guarantee the farmer a fair
return on his investment?
18. Point out the chief features of the McNary-Haugen Farm
Relief Act passed by Congress in 1927 and vetoed by President
Coolidge.
19. What changes are taking place in the character of the
urban and rural populations of the United States?
20. What may be said concerning the future of agriculture in
America?
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? 42 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
References
Munro's The Government of the United States, Third Edition, Chap.
XXIV.
Ogg and Ray's Introduction to American Government, Fourth Edition,
Chap. XXVII.
Beard and Beard's The American Leviathan (1930), Chaps. XII-
XVIII.
Young's The New American Government and Its Work (1923),
Chaps. VI-X.
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? CHAPTER XIV
(pp. 316-336)
LABOR AND IMMIGRATION
1. What causes led to the need for federal legislation in re-
gard to labor?
2. Under what constitutional grants does the Federal Gov-
ernment get the authority to legislate in behalf of labor?
3. Why has organized labor sponsored the restriction of
immigration?
4. What classes of immigrants are now entirely excluded
from the United States?
5. Explain the present policy of the United States in regard
to immigration. What nationalities are allotted the largest
quotas?
6. What two classes of immigrants are admitted to the
United States without reference to the numerical restriction?
7. From what countries may aliens enter the United States
without regard to quota restrictions?
8. Who has general supervision over immigration in the
United States? In what department is the Bureau of Immigra-
tion located?
9. For what purpose was the border patrol chiefly created?
10. What may Congress do in the event that aliens gain illegal
admission to the United States?
11. Has the restriction of immigration solved the problem of
unemployment in the United States? Explain.
12. Which government in our federal system has the power
to enact child labor legislation? Is there good reason for national
legislation on this subject?
43
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? 44 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
13. How has the National Government attempted to adjust
the supply of labor to the demand for labor?
14. How has Congress improved the conditions under which
the daily tasks of labor are performed?
15. What has the government done to improve working con-
ditions for government employees?
16. What has Congress done to rehabilitate those laborers
who have become physically handicapped? Do you approve of
this policy? Explain.
17. Does the Federal Government have an interest in the
disputes that arise between labor and capital? Discuss.
18. For what purpose was the Board of Mediation estab-
lished? Of how many members is this board composed and
by whom are they chosen?
19. What is the business of the Division of Conciliation in the
Department of Labor?
20. What part, if any, may the President play in the settle-
ment of labor disputes?
21. How have the courts been concerned with the settlement
of industrial controversies?
22. What is the writ of injunction, and how may it be
used?
23. What law was known as the "Magna Charta of Labor"?
Why?
24. How extensive is the power of the courts in the use of the
injunction, and the settlement of strikes?
25. Is there any possibility of handling labor problems in an
intelligent way? Explain.
Questions and Problems for Further Study and
Discussion
1. Should Congress impose greater restrictions on immigra-
tion than it now imposes? Explain.
2. Is it within the province of a State to prevent immigrants
from landing at its seaports?
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? LABOR AND IMMIGRATION
3. What are some of the desirable and the undesirable effects
of foreign immigration to the United States?
4. Has the Federal Government experienced difficulty in as-
similating its foreign-born population?
5. Is it true that foreigners tend to congregate in American
cities? Would this tend to create a governmental problem?
6. How are immigration laws enforced? With what degree
of success are they enforced?
7. How large is the foreign-born population in your State
according to the 1930 census? Give a reasonable explanation for
this number.
8. Suggest some means of obtaining a better distribution of
our foreign-born residents.
9. What social conditions influenced the early immigration
policy of the United States?
10. What influence, if any, did the World War have upon our
immigration policy? Explain.
11. Explain what is meant by the "Melting Pot. "
12. Will intermarriage help solve the problem of assimilating
our foreign-born population?
13. What is the American race problem and what is its prob-
able solution?
14. What part has the Federal Office of Education 1 played
in the education of immigrants?
15. Have immigrants encountered opposition from American
labor unions? Explain.
16. Has the invention of labor-saving machinery helped
labor? Explain.
17.
What are the chief advantages and disadvantages of
labor unions?
18. Point out the causes of industrial warfare. How might
they be eliminated?
19. How is the community affected by industrial warfare?
Should the public be the final judge in industrial controversies?
1 Formerly the Federal Bureau of Education.
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? 46 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
20. What are some possible solutions of the problems of
labor and capital? Explain each.
si. Should the management and control of an industry be
divided equally between the employees and the owners?
22. Point out what you consider to be the strong and weak
points in the program of the American Federation of Labor.
23. Are there some employments, public or private, in which
strikes should be outlawed? Explain.
24. What are the arguments for and against unemployment
insurance?
25. Who pays for unemployment? Is unemployment a serious
problem in the United States? How might the number of un-
employed be reduced?
References
Munro's The Government of the United States, Third Edition, pp. 250,
407-409.
Ogg and Ray's Introduction to American Government, Fourth Edition,
PP- 360-371, 5QI-594-
Mathews and Berdahl's Documents and Readings in American Govern-
ment, PP- 374-384, 437-442-
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? CHAPTER XV
(PP- 337-359)
PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND MORALS
1. Is it a function of the government to provide for public
health, safety, and morals? Does the Constitution make any
provision in this regard?
2. How has the Federal Government attempted to promote
public health by keeping disease out of the country?
3. What special agencies have developed for the purpose of
preventing the spread of disease among the countries of the
world?
4. What additional precautions are taken at ports of entry
to prevent the admission of immigrants with disease? How are
disease cases handled at these ports?
5. To what extent is one liable to detention by health au-
thorities of the States when traveling from one State to an-
other? Explain.
6. Of what importance is the special agency for Food and
Drug Administration in the Department of Agriculture? How
difficult is the work of the government in this respect?
7. Point out the chief objectives of the government in
placing scientific checks on foods and drugs.
8. How does the government protect the public against
"quack medicines"?
9. What is the purpose of the National Institute of Health?
10. To what extent has the Federal Government provided
hospital services to private citizens and public servants?
11. Do local communities sometimes find it necessary to
47
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? 48 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
appeal to Congress for aid in times when terrible calamities are
suddenly visited upon them?
12. What does the term "public safety" include?
13. May the Federal Government require common carriers
to provide special standards of safety for its patrons? Is this
desirable?
14. Of what value are coroner's inquests in common carrier
accidents?
15. What are some common regulations applying to vessels
for the promotion of public safety? To airplanes?
16. Has Congress attempted to eliminate physical hazards in
manufacturing establishments and in mines? How has this been
done?
17. What has Congress done to prevent floods and to relieve
the suffering and losses of those who have been the victims of
terrible calamities?
18. Is there a divergence of opinion in regard to the advisabil-
ity of the Federal Government legislating in the interests of
public morals?
19. Under what constitutional authority has Congress at-
tempted to legislate in the interest of public morals?
20. What was the purpose of the Mann Act of 1910? The
eighteenth amendment? The Volstead Act?
21. In what department of national administration is the
Prohibition Bureau located?
22. How has the Federal Government sought to enforce pro-
hibition in the United States? With what degree of success
has it met?
23. To what extent, if any, are the State Governments re-
sponsible for the enforcement of prohibition?
24. Does public sentiment favor the return of the liquor
saloon? Explain.
25. How has the Federal Government controlled the manu-
facture, sale, and use of narcotics in the United States?
26. How extensive is the drug habit in the United States?
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? PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND MORALS 49
Questions and Problems for Further Study and
Discussion
1. Are there outstanding social factors affecting public
health? Explain.
2. Of what value are vital statistics in carrying out an
effective health program? How are these statistics kept in your
home community?
3. What are some important factors affecting infant mor-
tality rates? What is an ideal mortality rate?
4. Other than vital statistics, what sources of information
do we have regarding health conditions in the United States?
5. Has the Federal Children's Bureau made any contribu-
tions to our knowledge of health conditions?
6. What are the shortcomings of municipal public health
work in the United States?
7. Are there special hazards to health in the rural areas?
8. Of what value are epidemics in public health education?
9. Outline the public health organization and its activities
in your State.
10. Point out the objectives of the Public Health Service in
the United States.
11. Should medical attendance, when needed, be provided at
public expense for everybody or only for those who are unable
to pay for it?
12. What are some laws passed by your State regulating
working conditions and hours of labor? Are others needed?
Explain.
13. Who should bear the burden of compensating injuries suf-
fered while under employment?
14. What are some steps that have been taken to safeguard
the persons and health of those employed in large industrial
establishments?
15. What is morality? What, in general, has been the direction
of moral progress?
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? So PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
16. Point out the dangers of conventional morality?
17. What sort of conduct may be considered good? Are
people generally agreed on this point?
18. Discuss the evils of undue self-indulgence. Of undue self-
repression.
19. Do moral acts always bring happiness somewhere?
20. Is it wrong to smoke? Is smoking justifiable for men but
not for women? Discuss.
21. What should be one's attitude toward alcoholic liquors?
22. What general duties does one owe his fellow-man?
References
Munro's The Government of the United States, Third Edition, pp. 601,
720-721.
Mathews and Berdahl's Documents and Readings in American Govern-
ment, pp. 856-865.
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? CHAPTER XVI
(pp. 360-382)
NATURAL RESOURCES
1. What is the present status of the natural resources of the
United States? How seriously are the American people con-
cerned about this?
2. Is there a need for government control of petroleum and
natural gas deposits?