No More Learning

honour the Blessed Virgin Mary, according there was also priory the Culdees the island. abbots Devenish were also styled bishops, until
of of an
it in
is
to atof
-f
in
behe of is
a
in
of ofof
a of
is
ofof ofof he of
a in
or
an
toin of of of ofAof
of
of
a of on
of
a in of
of be
(in
A of
;
a ofof of
(in
as
a in
byof
byin
of
in
of byof of
of Itit
in i. ofe.
of of
of
ato ofofof
in
on
i. a of
on
of
ofof
on
he by of of ;
- he
of
on
to of
asis
as ofe. of of
of of of a
of of i.
of
toofe. ofat
of
in
by
of of
in
- --|--
:
3. 56 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1508.
More; O'Cuill, i. e. Cendfaoladh; O'Daly Fionn, i. e. Geoffrey, the son of Donogh; O'Daly of Car bury, i. e. Aongus, the son of Aongus Caoch, and O'Geran, i. e. John, the son of Conor, died.
Mac Ward of Oriel (in Monaghan), i. e. Gill patrick, the son of Hugh, and Tuathal Buighe, the son of Adam Garv Mac Ward, were killed together by Cu-uladh O'Connolly, aided by his kinsmen.
The castle of Drom-da–Eithiar, and Caislen-na Deirge, (Dromahaire in Leitrim, and Castledergin Tyrone), fell.
The Barry Roe (of Cork), i. e. James, the son of James, accompanied by the chiefs of his people, proceeded on a pilgrimage, to Spain, and after hav ing performed the pilgrimage, they got aboard of a ship to return, and no tidings of their being living or dead were ever received. Donal, the son of Teige, son of Gillmichael O’Fay, a professor suf ficiently qualified for Ireland or Scotland, in his tory, in knowledge of the Latin language, and in poetry, was drowned along with the Barry on the same pilgrimage.
John Burke, the son of Ulick, son of Ulick, son
da-Chlaoine (Donaghmoyne, county of Monaghan),
on St. Patrick's Day, by the son of Maguire, namely Philip, the son of Edmond, and this affair happened after the following manner: Philip hav ing gone to the town, to hear mass there in honor of St. Patrick, and while they were at mass in the church, Redmond Oge (Mac Mahon), with a large party, arrived at the church, and set fire to it at the four quarters; the son of Maguire, hearing of this, said he would not suffer St. Patrick’s church to be burned, and having encouraged his people, he and his friends sallied forth in the name of God and St. Patrick; the two parties having encoun tered, Redmond was thrown from his horse, and he and his foster-brother, namely, the son of Bryan Roe Mac Gillbride, were afterwards slain;
several were taken prisoners, and the name of God and of St. Patrick were magnified through that deed. Cormac O’Keenan (in Fermanagh), a learned
historian and a true poet; and Donogh, the son of Bryan, son of Philip Maguire, died.
Murtogh, the son of Hugh, son of Fergal Oge,
son of Fergal Roe Mac Geoghegan, was killed by his own kinsmen.
Philip, the son of Bryan, son of Felim O'Reilly (of Cavan), a military leader, and a man who kept a house of hospitality, a man full of knowledge in
Oge, -Clanrickard,
of Rickard tanist of the most
noble of the English race in Ireland, a vessel full of hospitality and of truth, and a preserving link
of steel,
Maighe (or Matthew), Magrath, bishop of Clon
fert, a prosperous, religious, prudent and pious
man, died; and David, the son of Thomas Burke,
after having been appointed his successor in the Henry, the son Bryan Mac Cabe, died.
died.
A. D. 1508.
bishoprick, died on his way to Rome.
Thomas O'Connellan, bishop of Elphin, (who
was also bishop of Ardagh, according to Ware), and Walter Blake, bishop of Clonmacnois, died.
William Oge, the son of Art Mac Caghwell, dean of Clogher, brother to Owen (Eugene Mac Cagh well), bishop of Clogher, died.
O'Mulloy (of the King's county), i. e. Hugh
Oge, was killed in his own castle by his own kinsmen.
Donal O’Brien, the son of Teige, son of Torlogh, tanist of Thomond; and Gerald, the son of Hugh,
O’Reilly Cavan),
son of Cathal (of died.
The son of Mac Mahon, i. e. Redmond Oge, the son of Redmond, was killed at Domhnach-Maighe
O'Donnell, i. e. Hugh Oge, the son Hugh Roe, having proceeded (with his forces), boats,
Lough Erne, took the castle Enniskillen from Roderick Maguire, and gave Philip, the
son Torlogh Maguire; and O’Donnell also took the hostages the country. O’Neill, Donal, and Maguire, namely, Conor, came O'Donnell Enniskillen, paid him his tribute, and made peace with him; Philip, the son Bryan Maguire, de molished his own castle through fear O’Don nell, and the sons Bryan left the country,
arts, died,
the after the
tion and repentance. Tiarnan Oge, the son
extreme unc
the O’Rourke, was killed by John, the son Tiarnan Finn O'Rourke.
Niall, the son Alexander Mac Cabe, and
namely, Roderick went went Art the son
Con O'Neill. Geoffrey, the son
victory
Owen O’Rourke, i. e.
O'Rourke, and Philip Oge, =
The son O'Kane,
Thomas, was killed by the tribe Manus O’Kane.
i. of
of
of
of
to of
of of
of e. of to
of
at
of
of
i. e.
in of
to
it of to
on
all
of
of
| o 3.
John Mac Donnell Gurm (in Antrim), was killed by Mac Quillan.
O’Donnell having marched with his forces into North Connaught, brought hostages with him
from thence to his own place.
Bryan, the son of Philip, son of Donogh Ma
son Teige, son Torlogh, son Murrogh-na
Raithnighe, distinguished military leader, who
was mild his friends, but fierce his foes, died
after life nearly hundred years spent with honour and noble deeds.
REIGN OF HENRY WII. 357
O’Driscoll More, Conor, the son Fingin, guire, was taken prisoner by Maguire, in the son Mac Con, died; he was valiant man
church of Aghalurcher. defence, the friend the orders (friars), and Philip Oge, the son of Awlave, son of Philip learned men; and his son Fingin was appointed
Riavach, son of Bryan, son of Awlave, son of his successor after had been liberated, for he
Philip, son of Awlave, son of Dunn Carrach was imprisoned Cork for more than year.
Maguire, died; he was the chief of his own tribe (Clanawley, in Fermanagh), and a man who kept
affability, and learned the arts, died. - contest arose between Teige, the son Do son of Hugh (Maguire), was killed by the people nal, the forementioned Mac Carthy, and the of Tullaghaw, and the sons of Philip, son of brother Mac Carthy, Cormac Badhrach, Bryan Maguire, in a nocturnal attack. the son Teige, son Donal Oge, from which
Edmond, the son of Manus O’Gormley, was resulted the loss upwards eighteen score killed by Con, the son of Niall Bearnach, son of (three hundred and sixty), persons who fell
a house of hospitality.
Cormac, the son of Niall, son of Giolla Duv,
Henry, son of Owen; and Con himself was slain by Bryan, the son of Con, son of Henry, son of Owen, in the same month. -
The sons of Donogh Maguire, namely, Thomas,
Philip, and Felim; and the sons of John Buighe Mac Mahon, made an attack on Maguire, i. e. Conor; Maguire opposed and defeated them, and slew Felim, the son of Donogh ; he smote Bryan, the son of John Buighe Mac Mahon, and took him, and Owen, the son of Thomas, the son of Art Roe Mac Mahon, prisoners.
Art, the son of Con O’Neill, committed great
depredations on the people of Kinel Fearadhidh Tyrone); Owen, the son O’Neill, and the sons Mac Caghwell, overtook him, and Aongus, the
son Sorley Bacach, was slain the side Art, who made his escape with difficulty, and
carried the prey.
Aibhilin (or Eveleen), the daughter O’Kane,
Thomas, the wife Owen Roe, the son O'Neill, died.
between them.
The son Mac Pierce died, James, the
knight by the force arm, and hero bravery.
The monastery the town O’Rourke, which called Carrickpatrick," Connaught, the
diocese Ardagh, was founded O’Rourke, Owen, and by his wife Margaret, the daughter
O’Neill, Art, the son
Donal Mac I-Brien, Ara (in Tipperary), the son Henry, son Owen, was treacherously
1508.
Carrick Patrick, signifying St. Patrick's Rock, St. Pa
trick said have founded church there, the place after wards called Creevelea, near Dromahaire, the parish Killenumery, diocese Ardagh, and county Leitrim. The
monastery above mentioned, was founded for Franciscans the Observantine order, Owen O’Rourke, prince West Brefney
Leitrim, and his wife Margaret O’Brien, daughter Conor O'Brien, prince Thomond. great part the extensive walls and the altar this abbey still remain, and likewise the monu ment O'Rourke, with his effigy full length sculptured his tomb, and there are also monuments the O'Murroghs, O'Cur nins, and other families.
Mac Carthy More, Donal, the son
Teige, son Donal Oge, man prosperity and
son Edmond, son James, son
son Mac Pierce Butler, (of Ormond); was
of Conor O’Brien.
A. D. 1509.
Bryan, the son Teige Mac Uinsenain, the official (vicar-general) Clogher, died.
Donogh Mac Rory, erenach Machaire-na
Croise (Magheracross, Fermanagh),
humble man who
and lowly man
the love God, and hospitality, died.
kept house The son
William,
Con,
||
-
by
of
of
of in at
on of
as of
of
in e. of inof i. ai. e. e.
1. is
i. e.
of
to
of off
a
of of or
of
(in
of
a
ofof
of a of
of
of
of ofof
of
of of
to of a
of on
inhe of
in of
-
-
of
of
of
of
in
in
aan
by e. a of
a
of
of
of
he of i. a of
of
i. is a e.
A
of
Ai. inof ofofine.
of of a
of of i. of toof
of
of
of in
ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1509.
taken prisoner by Art of the Castle, the son of was slain that force, and O’Donnell returned
Niall, son of Art, son of Owen O’Neill, although from that expedition.
being his gossip, and having been invited by him O'Boyle, i. e. Edmond Buighe, the son Niall,
to his own castle; his son Niall, son of Art, and was killed night by the cast javelin, by Co
Felim O’Melaghlin, were taken prisoners along nor Oge O'Boyle, Luach Ross (in Donegal).
with him, and he was delivered into the hands of Art O’Neill was liberated from his imprison
O'Donnell, from which circumstance great troubles ment giving other hostages his stead, namely,
resulted.
The earl of Kildare, lord justice, marched with Philip, the son Bryan, son Philip Maguire;
an army into Tyrone, at the invitation of the sons Maolmora, the son Failge, son Donal Baum of Con O’Neill, who obtained the castle of O’Neill, O’Reilly; and Owen, the son Con, son Hugh
i. e. Dungannon, before the lord justice arrived at The lord justice proceeded from thence the castle Omagh, which took, and made prisoners Torlogh, the son Niall, son Art
Buighe O’Neill, died.
Bryan, the son Con O’Neill, attacked the tribe the daughter Mac Murrogh, the borders Lough Leary (part Lough Erne, on
O'Neill; and Owen Roe Mac Sweeney, and the the borders Tyrone); and slew Henry Oge,
lord justice demolished the castle, and then returned home.
O'Neill, i. e. Donal, the son Henry, son Owen, lord Tyrone, man who destroyed most, and whom most was destroyed, and who made
most war, and committed most depredations
the son Henry Oge; Owen, the son Niall Bearnach O’Neill; Bryan, the son Niall Bear nach and the son Hugh Balbh O'Neill, and took from them sixty-four horses.
Cormac, the grandson John, the son Co nor Oge Maguire; Dermod, the son Flann Mac Ward; and Teige O’Keenan, died.
Mac William, Clanrickard, i. e. Ulick, the
son Ulick, son Rickard Oge, man who was submissive friends, but the reverse foes, died. Mac Anfhileadh (the son the poet), Gill
creest, the son Awlave, learned poet, died. Henry VIII. ' was proclaimed king England,
the twenty-second April.
and Henry VIII. ; this celebrated earl founded college May nooth. 1513, Gerald, ninth earl Kildare, son the late earl,
succeeded lord justice and lord deputy; and 1515, William Preston, Wiscount Gormanstown, was appointed lord justice, but soon after dismissed, and Gerald, earl Kildare, was again ap pointed lord deputy, and going England I519, left sir Thomas Fitzgerald, his relative, lord justice. 1520, Thomas Howard, earl Surrey, high admiral England and Ireland, son the duke Norfolk, was appointed lord lieutenant, and landed Dublin with 1000 soldiers, horse and foot, and body-guard 100 men; had many engagements with the Irish princes and chiefs, the O'Neills Ulster, the O'Byrnes Wicklow, the O'Conors and O'Moores, Offaley and Leix, and others; and, passing through narrow defile Leix, was nearly killed musket-shot, the ball having struck his helmet. The earl Sur rey soon after,
his own son and his brother Bryan.
defence his lordship, until died the sixth day the and Art, the son Hugh, son was appointed his successor.
finally gained month August;
Owen O’Neill,
O'Donnell, Hugh Oge, the son Hugh
Roe, marched with force against Mac Dermott,
and destroyed great deal the son Redmond, the son
Moylurg; Thomas, Philip Maguire,
A. D. 1509.
Henry VIII. King Henry VII. , the first sovereign the
House Tudor, died the 21st April, 1509, the 53rd year
his age, and 24th Henry VIII. then the 28th January,
Supremacy, which king Henry VIII. was declared supreme head the church
Ireland, and all appeals the Pope, communications with the court Rome were prohibited under the penalty Premunire, and
his reign, and was succeeded his son, the 18th year his age, who died Friday,
his age, and 38th Dublin, the
1547, the 56th year his reign. 1537, parliament held lord deputy, Leonard Gray, was passed the Act
any person who refused take the oath supremacy was deemed guilty high treason. The title borne the kings England until this time was only that Lords Ireland, but the title
King Ireland was conferred sors great parliament held deputy, Anthony St. Leger.
Henry VIII, and his succes
the year 1521, returned England, and left Ormond and Ossory, his lord deputy. Kildare, was again appointed lord deputy,
Lords Lieutenant. —The following account
nant and deputies Ireland, the reign Henry VIII. has been
Dublin
1541, the lord
Pierce Butler, earl 1524, Gerald, earl
the lords lieute
collected from Ware, Borlase's Reduction Ireland, Lodge's his enemy, Cardinal Wolsey, under various charges confined the
Peerage, and various other historical works. 1509, Gerald Fitzgerald, the eighth earl Kildare, was continued lord justice
and lord deputy Ireland, and remained until his death, 1513, having held the office lord deputy and chief governor Ireland about twenty-five years, during period thirty-three years, under kings Edward IV. and V. , Richard III. Henry VII.
Tower, and, according Borlase, was ordered by Wolsey beheaded, but was pardoned by the king, and sent back Ireland. 1526, Thomas Fitzgerald Leixlip was appointed lord deputy
for short time, and the same year Richard Nugent, baron Delvin, succeeded lord deputy. 1528, Pierce Butler, earl
Ormond and Ossory, was appointed lord deputy, instead the
but being sent for
England 1526, was by the intrigues
of
on
a
of ofA. by
of
of
as in
to of of
of
of
in of aton
of of of in
a
asofof he
of In
in in he
of to
of
of
of
In
of in ai.
of
of
in
a in
a
so of of D.
of
of
of
of in in
in it
In of as
of
of
ofin In
of by
it,in of
to
i. of of of
in aofof
of
on on
by
of
on by
by of
of he to of ; of
to
to
ofon e. a
of
in
of of
it. of
1.
of
of of of
or
of ofhe
he of
asIn
to of of of
he he as to
heof ofofin of in a ofa
of
of toto by of
of beofIn ain ofat
ina
to
of
of
of a
in a to of of
Inof
of a of of
of
of
at e. of on
of by
of of of of at
of
at in
chief professor of Ireland, died.
Mac Ward of Tirconnell, i. e. Owen Roe, died at
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 359
.
another castle the banks Maing (the river
Mang, Kerry), and returned back safe into the Murtogh (O’Brien), the son of Murtogh, son of county Limerick. After that they mustered
A. D. 1510.
Torlogh, bishop of Kilfenora, died,
O'Reilly, i. e. John, the son of Cathal, died; he
was the first to establish the order of friars de observantia (Franciscans), at Cavan, by the au thority of the Pope.
Bryan Roe, the son of Donal, son of Hugh O’Neill, died.
Bryan, the son of Philip O’Reilly, was slain by the sons of Redmond, son of Glaisne Mac Mahon, while in pursuit of a prey.
Mac Cabe of Brefney, i. e. Felim, and Mac Loghlin, i. e. Anthony, died.
O’Felan, i. e. Fergal, a learned professor in
poetry, and Owen, the son of Bryan O'Higgin, baighe, and through Bealach-na-nCamhna, until
Inis Mac-an-Duirn (in the barony ofKilmacreman,
county of Donegal, he was chief poet of Tirconnell). had been constructed O’Brien, across the
fresh forces, and were joined by the Geraldines Munster, commanded by James, the son the earl Desmond, with the English Munster;
also by Mac Carthy Riavach, Donal, the son Dermod, son Fingin; Cormac Oge, the son Cormac, son Teige, and by the English and
Irish Meath and Leinster; and they thenmarched Limerick. Torlogh, theson Teige O’Brien, lord
Thomond, collected all his forces, and was joined t;"
by MacNamara, and the Siol Aodha, and the Clan Rickard, who mustered another great army op
pose them (the earl and his forces). The earl
arrived Droicheat Croise, namely, Droicheat
Puirt-Croisi (the bridge Port Cross, called O’Brien’s Bridge, the county Clare), which
marched with his forces through Bealach-na-Fad
Gerald, earl of Kildare, with the nobles of the
English and Irish of Leinster, marched with an
army into the province of Munster, and fortified
a castle at Carrick Cital, in despite of the Irish of voice and conversation during the night. On the
Munster. O’Donnell, with a small force, followed him through Meath into Munster, westward, un
joined him that place; from thence they proceeded Ealla (Duhallow, Cork), took the castle Cean Tuirc (Kanturk), and plundered the country; after that they marched into Great Des mond (in Kerry), took the castle Pailis, and
baron Delvin. 1530, Henry Fitzroy, duke Richmond and Somerset, natural son king Henry VIII. , was appointed lord lieutenant, but did not come Ireland, being mere boy, about
sent for England man the 21st year earl was imprisoned
following day the lord justice arranged his forces, placed the English and Irish Munster the van, and the English Meath and Dublin
the rere the army; O'Donnell marshalled his small force, and remained the rere, along with the English Dublin and Meath; they
then crossed through Moin-na-mbrathar (the Bog
the tower, and tried charge high treason, and the February, 1535, they were all hanged and beheaded Ty
-
1534, left his son Thomas, then young Kilmainham. his age, his stead lord deputy. The Ireland, son
the Tower London, and his son Thomas, having heard false report that his father had been beheaded,
lord deputy
this year,
called, and
headed Tower Hill. 1540 sir William Brereton, afterwards marshal Ireland, and baron Leighlin, was appointed lord jus tice, but died the same year Kilkenny. 1540, sir Anthony St. Leger succeeded lord deputy, and going England 1543,
left lord justice William Brabazon, who was ancestor the earls Meath. 1544, sir Anthony St.
Leger again arrived Dublin lord deputy, but going England 1546, second
time appointed William Brabazon lord justice, and 1547 sir Anthony St. Leger again came Ireland lord deputy.
organised formidable insurrection Ireland, called the rebellion Silken Thomas, the young lord was commonly called the
Irish Tomas-an-tSioda, from the splendid robes silk wore or, according others, from the silkenbanners borne by his soldiers,
and account this rebellion given the year 1535 these Annals. The earl, his father, died the Tower 1534, and the forces Silken Thomas having beensubdued, and himself brought prisoner England and confined the Tower, was, together with his five uncles, brothers the deceasedearl, namely, James and sir John Fitzgerald, knights Rhodes, and St. John Jerusa lem, and Oliver, Richard, and Walter Fitzgerald, conveyed pri
Shannon, destroyed the bridge, and encamped for night that country. O’Brien encamped near them that they could hear each others’
soners 2nd burn.
1532, according Borlase, was enacted, that none years age, and sir William Skeffiington was made lord should appointed the office lord justice Ireland, but an
deputy under him, and arrived Dublin with 200 horsemen.
1532,Gerald, earl Kildare, was again appointed lord deputy
under Henry Fitzroy, duke Richmond, lord lieutenant, but being arrived Dublin
Englishman, born within the realm England. 1533 sir Wil liam Skeffington was again sent from England lord deputy, and
October, but died the December following
1535 lord Leonard Gray, viscount Graney Thomas Gray, marquess Dorset, was appointed Henry, duke Richmond, the king's son, who died the 16th year his age; 1540 lord Gray was re the year 1541, was various charges tried and be
of of
of
at
of he
as
a
in of
sir of
a
to
to
ofof
by of by of i.
as
in
to In
as
ofe. to
as
in in itof of
in of
of
he in a
of
in
is
of an
in
in
of in at
in of
of
of
10
til he
of toato of
to a of
of
In
to
as
in of in heof
of
in
inhe
; he In
by
of
as ofonin in beIn
to
of
of
sir In
of
in
of
:so
sir
In in
of
a of all
on
in to
as to
of
in
at
of
of of on
to
on
in
to
in at
as of a
of in at In of in
In of
of
of in of aton
of
in
in
of to
of of
! **
oii- soti o
. |
o|
:o o
so
he
of
+
360 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1511.
of the Friars), which was the shortest way to Limerick. O’Brien’s forces made an attack on
the English army, killed the baron of Citon, and Barnwall of Circustoun, (Barnwall of Crickstown,
in Meath), and many other noblemen that are not recorded. The English army continued their re treat, and the forces of the O’Briens returned tri umphantly with great spoils, and there was not a
man of the English or Irish in those two armies, on that day, who gained greater fame for valour and generalship than O’Donnell, in covering the
the kalends March (or August), precisely
Tuesday, Dromahaire (in Leitrim), having
come consecrate church Brefney, the sixty-seventh year his age; and was buried
Friday, the monastery Cavan.
Cormac Mac Gauran, who was called bishop Brefney (Kilmore), died before Christmas.
The greater portion the ancient works the church Armagh were burned.
O'Conor Faily, Cahir, the son Con, son Calvach, general entertainer learned men, distinguished military leader among the English
retreat of the English forces.
Mac Maurice of Kerry, i. e. Edmond, the son of and Irish, was slain party his own people,
Thomas, son of Patrick, a vessel full of wisdom namely, by the sons Teige O'Conor, and the and hospitality; and Dermod, son of Donal, son sons John Ballach O'Conor, beside Mainister
of Donal Mac Carthy Cluasach, died.
O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son of Hugh Roe,
went on a pilgrimage to Rome, and while abroad,
his people and friends were in grief, sadness, and
sorrow after him, and he left his son, Manus
O’Donnell, to defend the country while he should be absent.
A. D. 1511.
Art, the son of Con O’Neill, whom O’Donnell had imprisoned at his departure for Rome, was liberated from his imprisonment by Manus, the
son of O’Donnell, without O’Donnell’s permission; and his son Niall Oge became a security for the
maintenance of the terms of peace agreed upon O'Reilly, died.
Teige, son
between them.
Thomas, the son of Andrew Mac Brady, bishop
and archdeacon of the two Brefneys (diocese of Kilmore), for the space of thirty years, a prelate
whom the English and Irish supported, a man
distinguished for wisdom and piety, a brilliant Mac Dermott.
lamp which enlightened the laity and clergy by instruction and preaching, an affectionate shepherd
of the church, after having ordained priests and ecclesiastics of degrees, and having consecrated many churches and cemeteries, after having be stowed precious presents and food
poor, his spirit departed
A. D. 1511.
Art, the son Con, son
Feorais, Mainistir now
Castropetre, the baromy
parish
also called
nated that Mac Feorais, having founded, A. D. 1325, abbey here for Conventual Franciscans, which some interesting ruins still remain, near Edenderry; this abbey, with lands, was
heaven,
Monasteroris,
Coolestown, King's county, which
granted Nicholas Herbert, who died I581. -
got name from John Bermingham, earl Louth, who was Irish called Mac Feorais; and hence the monastery was desig
the rich and the fourth
Feorais. "
O'Kelly, Malachy, the son
Donogh, son Malachy, son William, son Donogh Muinach, died; was supporter his territory, friends, and people, general patron
learned men and strangers, man whom the castles Gallach, Garbally, and Monivea (all Galway), were erected.
Mac Murrogh (lord Leinster), Murrogh Ballach, son Donogh, son Art, died.
Thomas, son Glaisne, son (of Cavan), and Edmond, the son
Conor O'Reilly Glaisne, died. John O'Reilly,
Glaisne, the son Conor, son was killed the people the house
Mac Mahon. Owen, the son Bryan Roe, son Cathal
O’Dogherty, John, the son Donal, son Conor, died; and Conor Carrach was nomi
nated the O’Dogherty.
Mac Donogh Tirerrill,
John, died; and Tirerrill, was slain
Henry O'Neill, went into the pay Hugh, the son Donal, son
Henry John, the son Edmond, son Thomas Oge Maguire, died.
The Dillon, James Machaire Cuircme, (lord Kilkenny West, Westmeath), died.
Hugh, the son Felim Mac Manus, was killed
his brother Fergal, tanist
in
1.
its
in sir
all
de of
to
a on of on
toof; of
ofof to of
inof
a of a
ofin he
its
of
of e. by
in of of of
he
of
by e. ofa
of
an
of
by
of
on
of e. in
of e.
ofof
of of
of
i.
of
of ofi. e.
of
he
of
in at ofa
of
ofofof
ofof i. aof
of of
of
of of aofonaof a
by of of
ofi. a i. ofi. e. of
of
in
by James, the son of John Mac-an-Easpuic Ma torian, and guire. died.
Dubhthach (Duffagh), son of Duffagh O’Duige O'Neill,
.
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 361
Art, the son Hugh, marched nan (of Kilroman, in Roscommon), a learned his with force into Tirconnell, and burned Glenfine
-
II. The Kingdom of Ulster. —In this article is continued from p. 345, the ancient history of Ulster, and of the colonies that peo pled Ireland in the early ages; an account of the Partholanians, Nemedians, Fomorians, and Firbolg, has been given in the prece
ding part, and in this is given an account of the Tuath De Danan, Milesians, Celts, and Scythians.
The Tuath De Danan, as well as the Firbolg, were, according
to our old annalists, a branch of the Nemedians, for a tribe of the Nemedians, when conquered and enslaved by the Fomorians, left
Ireland under the command of Iarbanel, one of the sons of Neme dius, and arrived in Greece, and having settled a long time in
Achaia or Attica, they are stated to have become deeply skilled in magic, and to have acquired the power of working great wonders. The
derivation of their name, according to some, was from Danan, one
of their queens in Ireland, and the word Tuath, which means a
tribe, hence Tuath de Danan signified the tribe or people of Da
nan, as their chiefs were descended from her three sons, Brian,
Iuchar, and Iucharba; or, according to others, they were desig
nated De Danan, from De, which signified gods, hence called De
Danan, or gods of Daman, from their great power and magic skill;
others derive their name from Tuath, a lord, hence Tuath de
Lanan, which would signify lords of Danan. The name has been The religious rites the Danans were form Druidism, and latinised Danannae and Dananni, and anglicised Damans. At they worshipped idols; three their kings were named from their the time the Danans were in Greece they are said to have assisted
man great wealth and prosperity,
aidh Lamhfada, Jughaidh the Long-handed, another their kings, reigned forty years, and instituted the great assemblies
Tailtean Meath, 298, note Bregia;
Tailte, daughter
which an account has been given ordained these assemblies honour
king Iberia Spain, and wife
Eochy, the last Firbolg king. Daghda, surnamed More, the
Great, ruled over the Danans seventy years, and was one the
most celebrated their kings. From Eire, Fodhla, and Banba,
three the Danan queens, Ireland got the names Eire, Fodhla
and Banba, which was designated for many centuries by the
old bards and historians; and from the Danans Ireland also got the
name Inis-Fail, signifying the Island Destiny, from the circum stance their having brought with them remarkable stone called Lia-Fail, the Stone Destiny, which the ancient kings Ireland were for many centuries inaugurated Tara, and which
full account has been given 297, the note Bregia. The Danans had celebrated bards, and Brighid Bride, daughter king Daghda, was their chief poetess, and honoured amongst them the goddess poetry, and Morigu Morigan, one their
queens, was also deified and worshipped the goddess war, like Pallas, Minerva, and Bellona, amongst the Greeks and Romans.
the Athenians in their wars with the Assyrians or Syrians who had invaded Greece, but the Assyrians having proved victorious,
the Danans, for fear of falling into their power, left Greece under the command of their chief leader called Nuadh, and emigrated to Lochlin or Scandinavia, now parts of Denmark, Norway, and Swe den,and having remained there many years, they next proceeded
chief objects worship, one called Mac Coill, the Son the Wood, from having worshipped the woods; another Mac Ceacht,
to Albain, or that part of North Britain now called Scotland,
where they remained seven years, and sailing from thence they
arrived at Inis Ealga, or the Noble Isle, then the name of Ire and Brugh the Boyne Meath, which accounts have been land, and landed in the northern part now Ulster; from thence
they proceeded to Sliabh-an-Iarain, or the iron mountain in Bref>
ney, near the lake now called Lough Allen in Leitrim. The Fir
bolg colony, who were then the possessorsof Ireland, having collec
ted their forces, advanced to oppose the Danans, and a great bat
was fought between them Magh Tuireadh, the Plain
the Tower, place situated near Lough Mask Mayo, which
the Firbolg forces were totally vanquished, and ten thousand
them, together with Eochy their king, were slain and the carn invaded Ireland about thousand years before the Christian era,
sepulchral monument great stones, raised over king Eochy still remains the strand near Ballysadare Sligo. This was called the battle South Moy Turey, and thirty years after wards another great battle was fought North Moy Turey, near Lough Arrow Sligo, which the Firbolg forces, combined with the Fomorians, were again overthrown the Danans, who thus became masters Ireland. The arrival the Danans placed
our old chronologers about twelve centuries before the Christian era, and they ruled over Ireland about two centuries, one hundred andninety-seven years, according the Psalter Cashel, under
conquered the Damans two great battles, one fought Slieve
Mis mountain Kerry, and the other Tailtean Meath, and the Milesians then becamemasters of Ireland.
The origin the Danans involved much obscurity, and has puzzled various antiquarians. Our Irish annalists make them branch the Nemedians, who were colony Scythians, from
the country near the Euxine sea Thrace, and afterwards settled
Greece before stated others consider they were some the
Pelasgi, people Thrace and Macedon, who were the earliest inhabitants Greece, and Danaus, one their kings Argos,
nine successive sovereigns, who resided chiefly Temor Tara,
andTailtean Meath, and sometimes Cruachan Connaught,
and Aileach Ulster. Their most celebrated kings were Danan the Irish writers; others consider the Danans, probably
Nuadh, their first king, who was surnamed Airgiod Lamh, signi fying the Silver Hand, for, having lost his hand the battle South Moy Turey, one his artificers formed for him silver hand, and this circumstance has been adduced proof the superior skill the Danans the arts, and they were repre sentedby the other inhabitants Ireland necromancers and magicians, probable these opinions arose from the great know ledge the Danans arts and sciences, and hence they are con sidered have been far more civilised than the other colonies which had settled Ireland. Nuadh reigned over the Danans for thirty years, and fell the battle North Moy Turey. Lugh
from the similarity the name, tribe the Dodonaei Do doneans, who were also Pelasgians, and the founders the famous oracle and temple Jupiter Dodonea Greece, and also the oracle and temple Apollo Delphi. The learned Villaneuva his Ibernia Phenicea, supposesthe Damansmight Phenicians and have gotten the name Danani from the city Dan Palestine; others consider, from the similarity the names, that the Danans were Danes, and our annalists also state that the Damans were some time Scandinavia, but the name Danes was not used for
many centuries after the period assigned for the arrival the
the Son the Plough, his god being that chief instrument husbandry; and the third Mac Greine, from Grian the Sun
being the great object
was much celebrated
considered remain
after his death. The Danan kings, queens, and chiefs were buried
his adoration. Midhir, son Daghda, the works the Irish bards, and his spirit state enchantment many centuries
the great cemeteries Cruachan Connaught, and Tailtean
given these notes South Connaught and Bregia. The Danans were represented great architects, and said have built many fortresses Ireland, amongst others Cathair Crofin, the stone fortress Crofin, situated Tara, and called from Crofin, one
their queens; Aileach, near Lough Swilly Donegal, Cyclo pean fortress, which account has been given the note Tirconnell, was first erected Neid, one the Danan chiefs, and hence called Aileach Neid. The Milesian colony from Spain, having
mentioned about fifteen centuries before the Christian era, and from him the Greeks were called Danai, name resembling the
Danans, though may
observed that the Danes and other
i
: :;. t*: ! i
!
3.
of
in
at
in
in
of
of
to
it be
ofof at at
of
as
onin ofof ofinof
of or e.
of
of or
in is a
of of
of
in
of as of
in of to of or
in
of
of at
to
it a isof in inon
in
in
in of of
of
a
a
ofin of
on aof
in of
at
as
in
of
in
of
in at
of
so
a as
or of
at
ofby at
by or tle
as at in in as of ;
a at in or or
aoris in of
of
of of
in of in or ofa ofat
in asofin ofaof of of a
of
ofor
at of p.
a ofinof of byoni. a
ina an
of
of it aof
;ina of is by at he
of at
asor ofp. ofhe
of a
Abe of to orofor
of ata ofin
in of in in
at or of of or of on
on
of
of
or in
362 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1511.
(Gleninn, in Donegal), and from Lough Swilly onward, and took hostages from O’Dogherty.
Kinel Feradaidh, in Tyrone, was completely plundered by Manus O’Donnell.
Scandinavians were originally Scythians or Goths, from the coun tries betweenthe Euxine and Caspian seasin Asia, and came to Scan dinavia many centuries before the Christian era. Many modern geographers are of opinion that the Danans were either some of the Damnii of North Britain, who are placed by Ptolemy, Camden, Cellarius, and others, in the southern parts of Caledonia or Scot land, and in the northern parts of England bordering on Scotland, or some of the Damnonii, the ancient people of Cornwall, in the south of England, some of whom, it is said, came to Ireland about the first century. But whether the Irish Danans were some of the Damnians of North Britain, or of the Damnonians of South Britain, is doubtful, though, as the Phenicians in early ages traded to the mines of Cornwall, some of the Damnonians, who were of the Celtic race, might have come from Cornubia or Cornwall, and settled in Ireland in very remote ages, together with some of the Phenicians, which might account for the eastern origin attributed to the Damans by the Irish writers. It may be here observed, that the Firbolg tribes of Connaught, called Firdomnians and Damnonians, are by some considered to have been colonies either of the Damnians or Damnonians of Bri tain; but, according to the old Irish writers, great numbers of the Danan and Firbolg tribes were expelled from Ireland to Britain in very remote times by the Milesians, and from them the Damnians and Damnonians of Britain were descended; and they also state, that the Clanna Breogain, a colony that came from Spain along with their relatives the Milesians, were after wards in great numbers expelled into Britain; and from these Clanna Breogain, a name which has been latinised Brigantes, were descended the Brigantes of Britain. O’Brien, in his book on the Round Towers, maintains that the Danans were a colony of Iranians or Persians, who came from Iran, which was the ancient name of Persia, and on this he founds his theory, that the Round Towers of Ireland were erected by the Danans for purposes con nected with the ancient religious worship of India, denominated Buddhism, and also for astronomical observations. It may be observed that Bodh Dearg, or Bodh the Red, was the name of one of the Danan chieftains, and son of Daghda, one of the Danan kings; and from him it is said the lake called Lough Bodh Dearg, now Lough Boderig, an expansion of the Shannon between Ros common and Leitrim, derived name, near which lay the plain called Magh Luirg Daghda, now the barony Boyle,
the county Roscommon and there hill near Rath Crua
O'Neill, i. e. Art, the son of Hugh, having col lected his forces, marched into Tirconnell after O’Donnell had gone to Rome; Manus O’Donnell, with the three Mac Sweeneys, and the principal
&c. , and even the traditions the people the present day, they are considered have been great builders; and Goban Saor name signifying Goban the builder), man the Danan race, and famous architect, attributed the erection the Round Towers and many other great buildings Ireland the
early ages, but others consider that this Goban Saor lived the times Christianity, and represent him builder churches;
chan, Roscommon, called the Hill century, 226, the Four Masters,
Egypt, who was drowned the Red sea. This Niull had son named Gaodhal, and his descendants were called Clanna Gaodhal, and from Gaodhal came the name Gael, which the pronunciation
the word, hence, the Irish have been called Gaels and Gade liams. The Gadelians having been expelled from Egypt, sailed back Scythia under the conduct their chief, Eiber Scuit, Eiber the Scythian, and from him they were called Cineadh Scuit, signifying the race the Scyths Scythians, and the name Scuit was latinised Scoti, and anglicised Scots, and from the Scoti Ireland, ancient times, got the name Scotia, which was after wards applied that part North Britain called the Irish Albain, now Scotland, from colony Milesians Irish Scots who settled there the third century under chief from Ireland named Cairbre Riada, but observed, that the name Sco tia was exclusively confined Ireland till the eleventh century, when was first applied modern Scotland. The Gadelians Scythians again emigrated from Scythia, and having sailed through the Euxine, now called the Black sea, and onward through the Bosphorus, the Hellespont, the Egean Archipelago, and the sea afterwards called the Mediterranean, they made some settle ments Getulia, the coast northern Africa, the country where Carthage was afterwards founded. From Getulia the Gade lians came Iberia Spain, and conquered part that country from the Iberians race Tubal, the ancient possessors, the territory afterwards called Celtiberia by the Romans, and situated
Budh. the third mentioned that Bot, tinidh, who ruled over Bregia, was slain; this name signifies Fergus the Fire, Bot, the word Bot Bod, according Cormac's Glossary and O'Reilly's Dictionary, signifies fire; and according O'Reilly, the word Budh, means, life, wisdom, the world; and the word Bot Bod also often written Bud, hence both
the words appear have similar signification; and appears
the battle Crionna, Meath, Fergus
the northern parts Spain. The Gadelians were possessed the territory now forming the province Gallicia the north Spain, and, commanded by one their celebrated chiefs named Breogain, gained many great battles over the Iberians, and the posterity
called
Gollamh,
rior;
probable that Fergus the Fire Bot, was called from being fire worshipper; hence Bot, Bod, Bud, Budh, seems have been one the Pagan deities the Irish and Wallancey considers that the worship Budh prevailed Ireland, being introduced the Danans, who were Dedanites from Chaldea. Amongst the traditions the people, the Damans are said have been converted into fairies, and live still the raths earthen ramparts called forts, state enchantment; and the Damans are often mentioned fairies by many the bards. Also the traditions the people mentioned fairy king called Bud-an-Bhothair, Budh the Roads, who, travelling rapidly along the roads, raises clouds dust whirlwind. The Danaus were represented
became king North Spain, and was renowned war went Scythia, the country his ancestors, and became
been conquered and mechanics
highly skilled the arts, and after they had
terity were called Clanna Mileadh,
cised Milesians. After the death
terity and the Clanna Breogain sent
land, under the command Ith, who was son Breogain, and
the Milesians, they becamethe chief artificers the country, architects, workers metals,
and some are opinion that was the same Gobhan, the seventh century. full history the Danans the Books Leacan and Ballymote, and also the Book
sions by the O'Clerys.
saint given
Inva
The Milesians. —An account this ancient colony has been partly given 123, the note South Connaught, and various other annotations the course these Annals, which
has been shewn from ancient authorities, that the Milesians are represented colony originally from Scythia, near the Euxine sea, the borders Europe and Asia, the country now called
the Crimea. Their great ancestor was Feniusa Farsa, king Scy thia, and his son Niull having gone Egypt, and attained great rank there, married the princess Scota, daughter Pharaoh, king
this Breogain were named Clanna Breogain, who are Latin writers Brigantes. grandson Breogain, named
the chief military commander there under the king Scythia; from thence went Egypt and was appointed commander of
the Egyptians their wars with the Ethiopians, and marriage the daughter one the Pharaohs, king
obtained Egypt,
and after some time having returned Spain, he ruled
the chief kings that country. From his great valour Gollamh was named Mileadh Espaine, signifying the hero Spain, the word Mileadh means soldier, warrior, knight, like the Latin word Miles, and this name has beenlatinised Milesius; and his pos
term which has been angli Milesius Spain his pos force explore Eire Ire
one of
of by
as or
of
or
as
ofA. of D.
as
asin
of to
or
its
of
of
to it aof
in
in
is
a in
in ; or
or
it
i. is to
of of
of
a or
a
of
of
is of a
in a by
or of
in at
of
of
of ais
in in;of
of in
so
e. In
orto in
to
in
a to of or
of or
on inofofas
to
in of
a is inaa asto
or as
asof
ofinofa to in in of
of
of
of
heby of
in it
to
on
of (a
to
it
to
of
he to in to
asatofin a p.
to
in
of
in
of of
it
of
to atooforof to
of
in
of
inin A
of is of
or on of
of
in
aof A be of to
of or ofofainofinorof in
heof
by
isof of
ofof
or
or
in in
in
a
to is to
he
in
of a
.
Israel, the son Abraham, and Jews,
son Ceallteach and the term
- gantia, Row Corunna in Spain, and arrived in Ireland. The Mile
sians were commanded by eight of the sons of Milesius, and many
chiefs of the Clanna Breogain, but being overtaken by a great
storm off the southern coast of Ireland, many ships were wrecked
and several of their chiefs drowned, amongst whom were Colpa the swordsman, Donn, and some other sons Milesius, but
the cotemporary history other nations antiquity; and though the records remote events our history may exaggerated,
the first colonies that came Ireland, will necessary give some account of the ancient inhabitants of the nations from which those colonies were derived.
The Shemites Semitic race. —After the Deluge, Shem Sem, one the sons Noah, and his posterity, according Josephus, and other ancient historians, peopled the greater part Asia, and
Japhet were the Celts and Scythians. Josephus and other ancient historians, Gomer, one the sons Japhet, and hence called Gomerites and Gomerians; they were the aborigines first inhabitants Europe after the deluge, and they were called the Greeks Keltai, and the Romans Celtae. the
REIGN OF HENRY VIII.
chiefs of Tirconnell, defended and protected the A. D. 1512.
country as well as they could; and O’Neill, with Hugh O'Mulmocheirge (O’Mulmoghery, angli
his forces, departed eastward from the mountain, cised Early), abbot of Dromlane (in Cavan), was
and returned to his home without prey or battle.
uncle of Milesius, and a valiant warrior, but Ith and his forces having arrived in Ireland, were attacked by the Tuath De Danan, and Ith himself was mortally wounded, and most of his men slain. The sons of Milesius and the Clanna Breogain shortly after fitted out a fleet of thirty ships, and with a powerful force set sail from Tur Breogain or the Tower of Breogain, at the place called Bri
drowned.
Abraham, the Egyptian bond-woman Hagar, the race Ham. The Hamites. —The posterity Ham Cham, son Noah, peopled the greater part Africa and part Asia; and Ham himself, shewn the learned bishop Cumberland, his Origin
Ancient Nations, was after his death deified and worshipped god the Egyptians, Ethiopians, and Lybians, under the name
Jupiter Hammon Ammon, and the famous temple and oracle Jupiter Hammon dedicated him Lybia. Mizraim, son Ham, peopled Egypt, hence called Moses, “the land Mizraim;” and from the ancient inhabitants, called Copts Gypts, came the name Egyptians. From Canaan, son Ham, were descended the Canaanites the land Canaan Palestine, and also the Philistines, the Anakim, the Amorites, and Amalekites, who are called the Scriptures the giant race Ham, being famous war riors, and men great strength and stature. From Sidon, son Canaan, came the Sidonians; and the Tyrians and Carthaginians were mixed colonies of the Phenicians and Sidonians. From
last they effected landing place called Invear Sceine, now
the bay Kenmare Kerry, which got name from Sceine, the
wife Amergin, who was drowned there. The Milesians were
commanded Heremon, Heber, and Amergin, sons Milesius,
together with many chiefs the Clanna Breogain, and soon after
their arrival fought great battle with the Tuath Danan, near Phut, another son Ham, were descended the Phutites
Slieve Mish mountain Kerry, where the Danans were defeated but Scota, the relict Milesius, daughter Pharaoh, king Egypt, who accompanied her sons Ireland and was present the battle, was slain, and buried valley called after her Glen Scota, and situated near Tralee. The Milesians proceeded Tea mur Tara, and Tailtean Meath, where the Danan kings then resided, and great battle fought Tailtean the Danan forces were totally vanquished, and their three kings, Mac Coill, Mac Ceacht, and Mac Greine, together with their three queens, Eire, Fodhla, and Banba, slain; and the Milesians then became masters
Ireland. The period the arrival the Milesians placed our old historians about thousand years before the Christian era, their progenitor Milesius being made cotemporary with king
Lybians and from Sabas, another son, came the Sabeans. From Cush Chus, son Ham, came the Chusites Ethiopians; and Nimrod, son Cush, the Ethiopian, founded the city
Babylon, the banks the Euphrates, and was the first king the Babylonians; called the Scriptures mighty hunter, and described by Josephus “bold man, and great strength
hand. ” Nimrod became an idolater, and erected the famous
Solomon over the Israelites. The vast antiquity assigned
Ionians from Thiras, son Japhet, came the Thracians; and from Thogarma, son Gomer, son Japhet, the Phrygians and Armenians; from Thubal, son Japhet, and his son Iber, came the Iberes Iberians, afterwards called Spaniards. The Italians
our old annalists for the various the early ages, has been doubted, disputed, and denied, many modern writers; but the accounts
colonies that peopled Ireland
our ancient historians are not improbable inconsistent with were mixture Celts, Scythians, and Greeks; the two other
distorted, and mixed with fable, are the early annals and tra
ditions all other nations partly fabulous, compound facts
and fable; and may observed that most the modern writers
who doubt deny the truth our annals, and represent them
fictions and legends, are mostly menwho know little nothing
the Irish language, annals, antiquities, the cotemporary
history other ancient nations. With respect the origin Geilt, considers derived from Coill Caill, wood, hence
the Semitic race were the following nations: From Assur
Ashur, son Shem, came the Assyrians, and Ninus, grandson
Ashur, founded the city Nineveh, the banks the Tigris,
and his descendants possessed Asia, from the Euphrates the
Indian ocean. From Arphaxad, son Shem, came the Arphax Iberia Spain, Britain and Ireland; the western part the adites, called afterwards Chaldeans and from Aram, son European continent, comprising parts Gaul, Germany, Spain,
Shem, descended the Aramites Arameans, afterwards and Italy, was denominated by ancient geographers Celtica, the called Syrians, and from the Syrians came the Phenicians land the Celts, name afterwards applied Gaul, the chief
and from Elam, another son Shem, came the Elamites, called
country the Celts.
The Gauls, inhabitants the countries now called France
and Belgium, were the chief nation the Celts, and possessed those territories two thousand years before the Christian era. They were called the Gaulish and Irish languages, Gall and
the Iranians Persians. From Heber, descendant Ar
phaxad, were descendedthe Hebrews, but Abraham, descendant
of Heber, considered their chief ancestor, and they were called
Israelites, from Jacob
from Judah, one the sons Jacob. The Arabians Arabs, Gaill, and Gaillteach, all apparently derived from the word called Ishmaelites, were descended from Ishmael, Geallteach, signifying Celts, Gael,
temple and
Belus, Bel, Baal, dedicated the sun Babylon,
and his people built the tower Japetians. —Japhet, one
Babel.
the sons Noah, and
The
his posterity, peopled Europe and part
Asia; from Madai, son Japhet, came the Madeans, whom the Greeks called Medes; and from Javan, son Japhet, were descended the Greeks and
chief people the race The Celts, according
were the descendants
Celtic and Hiberno-Celtic Irish language, the name was Céal tach, which O'Brien, his Dictionary, the words Cealtach and
Coillteach Cealtach may signify Celt inhabitant woods; and the term supposed have originated from the Celts the early ages having chiefly inhabited the forests, from their having always practised
woods and groves the religious rites Druid others, the name was derived from Coill, house—as their chief habitations were the
ism or, according
wood, and teach,
woods, constructed wood. The Celts, the aborigines Europe, first inhabited those parts the borders Europe and Asia, about the Euxine sea, and thence spread over Western Europe, and the countries afterwards called Germany, Gaul, Italy,
o
is of orof in by
of
; of
ofor
of ofas
atof;
at
ofaof
or
oforor by ;ofon;in byas or ofor
by
of
or of it a or
a Ir,
of
of
in
in
at by a
or
by of of in
of
of
its
of
a a or
of to
tobe De or
of
of of
of as
a in
of to of by
a
or ofor be of a
or
of
of
or to
of
is
to
or;of on of
it
of
at
to
of
to or of
of
of byof
of
of
of
or of of
be
a in of a in of
or
of of
;
of aheor
oris of ina ainto of
of
orby
so
in
a to
to be heofof
' of inofofofoforisofof
to or
to of
aof of onbyofof in
of ororat of of of of inof
an to or
to asor a or ofof
3 a ofor
A of of of ofin
2as at of of
of
of of
orof in in In
ofa ofof or of
ofas
:i:i !
364 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1512.
Pierce Mac Graidin, dean of Clan Hugh (in the (parts of Down and Antrim), a man of general hos county of Longford, and diocese of Ardagh), died. pitality, a promoter of religious orders and
Niall, the son of Con, son of Hugh Buighe, son of Bryan Ballach O’Neill, lord of Trian Congail
applied to the Irish, and their descendants the Scots, appears to be derived from the same source. The name Gall annongst the Irish also signified a foreigner, and was applied by them to all foreign people, as Gauls, Danes, and English, while they called themselves
Gael. The Gauls were called by the Greeks Galatai, and also Keltai, and their country Galatia and Celto-Galatia; and by
the Romans Gaul was called Gallia, and the people Galli, anglicised Gauls. In very remote times, from twelve to fifteen centuries before the Christian era, the Gauls crossed the Pyrenees and planted a colony in Iberia or Spain, which, becoming mixed with the old inhabitants named Iberes, were called by the Romans Celto-Iberi, and their country, situated in the north of Spain, was named Celtiberia. The Gauls likewise, many centuries before the Christian era, crossed the Alps, and settled colonies in Northern Italy, in that part called by the Romans Gallia Cisalpina or Cisalpine Gaul, to distinguish it from Gallia Transalpina or Transalpine Gaul, in France. In those early times the Gauls also planted colonies called Boii or Boiarii and Pannonii, in ancient Bavaria, Bohemia, and Pannonia, in Germany. About four cen turies before the Christian era, the Gauls, under Brenn or Brennus, marched into Italy, defeated the Roman forces, and took the city of Rome. The Gauls joined the Carthaginians against the Romans in the Punic wars, and forty thousand of them fought under Hannibal in Italy; and in the year 216 before the Christian era, Hannibal, with his Gaulish infantry and Numidian cavalry, gained the great battle of Cannae, in which fifty thousand of the Romans were slain. A short time before the Christian era, the Roman armies under Caesar invaded Gaul, and the various confederated nations of the Gauls, under the command of Vercingetorix, mustered about two hundred and fifty thousand men; they had great troops of cavalry and war chariots, and they fought with great bravery and im petuosity, commencing the battle with fierce shouts and war cries, and fought naked down to the middle, throwing off their short tunics called sagums, when determined to conquer or die; they used long brazen swords, spears, and shields, bows, arrows, and slings, and cast innumerable darts and stones; the Gauls also had powerful fleets, and their ships, according to Caesar, were chiefly constructed of oak, but though fighting with great valour, they were generally defeated by the superior discipline of the
churches, a provident and fortunate man, who paid neither rents nor tribute to the Clan Neill or
Skuthai, Skuthike, and Scythes, and by the Romans Scythae, and Scythi, anglicised Scyths, and Scythians. O'Brien, and other
etymologists, are of opinion that the name is derived from the Cel tic or Celto-Scythian word, Sciot, which signifies a dart or arrow,
and has also the same signification in the Irish language; and this derivation is considered probable, as the Scythian nations were all famous archers, particularly the Parthians; and O'Brien, in the
learned preface to his Dictionary, is also of opinion that the Irish names Scuit, and Clanna Scuit, meaning Scythians, as applied to
the Milesian Irish, had its origin from the same source, as they are stated to have been of Scythian or Celto-Scythian descent: the name Scuit has been latinised Scoti, and anglicised Scots. The Scythians make a conspicuous figure in the ancient history of Asia, as the Celts did in that of Europe; and Spenser, in his View of Ireland, says, “the Gauls and Scythians were two as mighty na tions as ever the world brought forth. ” The Scythians were amongst the most warlike and valiant people of antiquity, and fought chiefly in war-chariots, and were famous archers; they led a pastoral life, their chief riches being their herds of cattle and horses, and they lived chiefly on milk, and the flesh and blood of their cattle; they worshipped the sun, moon, and winds, and their
chief deity was their god of war, called Odin, or Woden, by their descendants, the Goths, Germans and Scandinavians; and they
sacrificed to their god of war a vast number of horses and other animals. Abaris and Anacharsis, celebrated Scythian philoso phers, who travelled in Greece, many centuries before the Chris tian era, are mentioned by various writers. Justin gives an account of the Scythians, and shews that they were one of the most ancient nations of the world. They were originally settled in Asia, beyond the Caspian sea, and more than two thousand years before the birth of Christ they extended their conquests over Iran or Persia, and as far as the river Indus; and hence they were called Indo-Scythae. According to Pinkerton, they were expelled from Persia, by Ninus, king of Assyria, more than two thousand years before the Christian era; and he established the Assyrian empire on the ruins of the Scythian; and even earlier than that period, the Scythians are stated to have waged war with Vexor, one of the most ancient kings of Egypt. Great numbers of the Scythians, who were expelled from Asia, settled on the borders of
Roman legions; and in their wars with Caesar, for a period of Europe and Asia, about the Euxine and Caspian seas, at least
seven years, about one million of the Gauls were slain, and Gaul was reduced to a Roman province.
The Galatians. —About three centuries before the Christian era, the Gauls, under their generals Brenn and Bolgos, with prodigi
fifteen centuries before the birth of Christ. The Scythians were
divided into two great mations, namely, those of Europe and of
Asia; and the Scythians of Europe, who settled about the Euxine
sea, conquered the Celtic people of that country, and afterwards extended to Germany and other parts of Europe. The Amazons,
ous forces, invaded Macedon and Greece, and passing on into Asia
founded the kingdom of Galatia, or Gallo-Grecia, in Asia a famous nation of female warriors, whose chief city was Themis Minor. The Galatians became a celebrated nation, and were fa cyra, on the banks of the river Thermodon, in Asia Minor, near
mous warriors, and fought as mercenaries in vast numbers, under the kings of Syria and other countries of Asia; and their troops were the most valiant in the east. In the second Book of Macca
bees they are mentioned to have advanced as far as Babylon, but were defeated by the Jews, and one hundred and twenty thousand of them slain. The Galatians make a remarkable figure in the wars of the Romans, in the east, with Antiochus, Ptolomey, and Attalus; and Deiotarus, the celebrated king of Galatia, assisted the Romans in their wars with Mithridates and the Parthians. Cleopa tra, queenof Egypt, had a body-guard of Galatians, and Augustus Caesaralso presenteda body-guard of Gauls to Herod, king of Judea.
the Euxine sea, were Scythians, and celebrated in ancient history. These heroines fought on horseback, armed with helmets, battle
axes, bows and arrows, and engaged in war with the most valiant men, and defeated many champions in single combat. Marpesia, Menalippe, Orythia, and Hippolyta, queens of the Amazons, invaded Greece, and were famous in their battles with Hercules and Theseus; Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons, fought in the Trojan war against the Greeks, but was slain in single combat by Achilles; and Thalestris, queen of the Amazons, is mentioned as having visited Alexander the Great, in Asia. In the seventh century, before the birth of Christ, the Scythians from the borders of the Euxine and Caspian seas, overran a great part of Asia, and conquered part of Judea, in the reign of Josias; made settlements in Palestine, and founded a city there,
The Gauls and Belgians also sent colonies in the early ages to
Britain and Ireland, as hereafter explained. Amongst the Celts are
to be mentioned the Umbrians, the Etrurians, or Etruscans, the Sam
nites, Sabines, and some others of the ancient inhabitants of Italy. called by the Greeks Scythopolis, and by the Jews Bethsan.