With Foch, he signed the WWI
armistice
on behalf of the Allies.
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
Le
artificial" [ef. Baudelaire, Les Paradis Artificiels] .
293. spezzato: I, "broken,"
294. mint: One of the hieratic herbs related to the vision of paradise.
295. Ladro: I, "thief, rogue. " Reference to acatintheDTC [MdeR].
296. Nemi: Lake Nemi, a small crater lake in the Alban Hills of Latium, Italy; here were the sacred grove and the temple of Diana, guarded by a priest who held the post until he was killed by another who sought the office [Frazer, The Golden Bough, 3].
297. Zarathustra: Zoroaster, fl. 5th century B. C. , a religious teacher of ancient Persia; founder of Zoroastrianism, originally a kind of fertility religion which later developed a more complex cosmogony and eschatology deriving from the struggle of the Zoroastrian supernatural spirits.
298. desuete: F, "obsolete, out of date. "
. . .
300. castellaro: [Poss. castello] : I, "castle. " Prob. here "small castle. " A place near Sant Ambrogio, near Rapallo [EH].
301. sa&ulorum Athf. Jlae: L, "immemorial of Athena. "
302. 'YAc>"t 'YAC>VKW7n~: H, "little owl, with gleaming eyes. " Note in context that the olive is sacred to Athena, who created it, and that 'YAC>VKC", like 'YAC>VKO, is used to de? scribe the sheen of the olive [79: 60] .
: F,
"Paradise
299. Jupiter
the train of thought evoked by the idea of paradise as not artificial.
that no Chinese philologist sees anything of the kind [Fang IV, 74]. )
314. Chi: [Ch'i], principality in Shensi Province; ruled by Wen Wang.
315. Shun:
[M5936]. Pound calls him Chun [53:23].
316. AL"jVP': H, "clear, shrill. "
317. tanka: The Japanese verse form of five
lines; the first and third have five syllables, the others seven. Memory of "A Shadow," tanka by Katue Kitasono. Pound once asked him, "Did you see the Hawk's Well-is it any
Hermes: Major
deities in
311. in harum . . . : [haram]: L, "into pig? sty I too have gone" [ef. 260 above].
a
312. three months . . . : Pound translates Analects VII, XIII: "In Ch'i he heard the 'Shao' sung, and for three months did not know the taste of meat; said: didn't figure the performance of music had attained to
that summit" [CON,220].
313. song . . . radiance: Pound's
visual
tion to the ideogram for "the name of the music of the legendary Emperor Shun. " Shao [M5691]. In the left component he sees the sun under an image of rays. (Note
Legendary
Chinese
ruler
reac-
? ? ? ? ? ? ? 380
343. METATHEMENON . . . : H, "if those who use a currency give it up in favour of another. " From Aristotle,Politics 1275b, 16
[53:157; 77:67; 97:77].
344. Salamis fleet: [cf. 110 above] .
345. Worgl: (Woergl), a small town in the Austrian Tyrol which in the early 1930s issued its own money, a form of the stamp script [41:44]. The new money created prosperity: "The town had been bankrupt: the citizens had not been able to pay their
74/440-442
74/442
381
rates . . . etc.
everything had been put right. . . . All went well until an ill-starred Wergl note was presented at the counter of an Innsbruck bank. . . . The burgomaster was deprived of his office, but the ideological war had been won" [SP,314].
346. Gedichte: G, "Poems. "
347. Heine: Heinrich H. , 1797-1856, Ger- man lyric poet and critic.
348. Tyrol: i. e. , N Tyrol, Austria.
349. Innsbruck: Capitol of N Tyrol, W Austria.
350. N. E. P. : "New Economic Policy. " The
Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 left the "tountry in an economic doldrums that it could not get out of. Marx had provided an
analysis of the workings and functions of "capital," but he provided no economic program for a socialist state, The country continued in a state of shock while the people suffered terribly. Lenin finally created the N. E. P. as a temporary five-year plan. It was a capitalist economic device that was criticized by a number of Marxist purists, but Lenin conceived it to be a temporary transitional economic device between the former bourgeoiS system of exploitation and the dictatorship of the proletariat, in whicl an economic paradise would be created. Pound's theory here is
that all Lenin needed to have done was issue certificates to the workers for work done, which could have been used as money and thus have created the kind of prosperity had by Wergl. Instead, the N. E. P. was
But in
less than two
years
started by borrowing money at high interest rates, which kept the people enslaved in the same old way [103:6].
351. canal work: The Soviets used forced labor (nearly 300,000 prisoners from labor camps) to build the White Sea-Baltic Canal, begun in 1931 and completed in 1933-34. David J. Dallin, in his book The Real Soviet Russia [Yale University Press, 1947], quotes '"a French engineer . . . sentenced to forced labor," who "managed to escape across the Finnish border": "More than 50,000 [pris- oners] died during a period of a year and a
half" [po 242].
352. dumping: PlaCing large quantities of a basic commodity on the market at a price less than the cost of producing it. Pound wrote: "The Roman Empire was ruined by the dumping of cheap grain from Egypt, which sold at an unjustly low price. And usury corrodes" [SP, 316]. Similar devices were employed by Roosevelt's New Deal to
restore the market economy.
353. each . . . god: One of the several paraphrases Pound makes of a biblical line: "For all people will walk everyone in the name of his god, and we will walk in the name of the LORD our God for ever and ever" [Micah 4. 5].
354. Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics, 1095a, has such a statement. Pound analyzes the Ethics with a conclusion as premise: "As ethics, Arry is not fit to clean the boots of Confucius" [GK,326].
355. Katholon: H, "generalities. " 356. hekasta: H, "particulars. " 357. Yaou: Yao [cf. 94 above].
358. Shun: Pound ends the passage about Shun [Chun; cf. 315 above] from Chung Yung in these words: "Shun was a son in the great pattern . . . he perforce came to the throne, perforce had these high honors, perforce this enduring fame, and longevity"
[CON, 133]. And, "He liked to ask ques- tions of people, and to listen to their simple answers. He passed over the malice and
: H,
"Daughter,
the blind
winnowed out the good. He observed their discordant motives and followed the middle line" [CON, 107]. And, "He said: lofty as the spirits of the hills and the grain mother, Shun and Yu held the empire, as if not in a mortar with it" [CON,227].
359. wd/. . . seacoast: In a discussion of what Shun as emperor would have done had his father been guilty of murder. Seeing that he could not order that his father not be arrested as the law justly required, he said: "Shun would have regarded abandoning the empire as throwing away a worn-out sandal. He would privately have taken his father on his back, and retired into concealment, living somewhere along the seacoast" [Legge, 965; Pound's source was Pauthier, 443]. An ana- log to Aeneas carrying his father, Anchises, to safety on his back.
360. son pere: F, "his father. " Both Legge and Pauthier italicize the phrase.
361. Dai Nippon Banzai: J, "Hail to Great Japan. "
362. Kagekiyo: A one-act play [CNTJ, 105-112]. The story of an old blind man whose daughter goes to extremes to find him, but in the end they part. Near the end of the play the chorus says: "The vizard broke and remained in his hand and Miyo- noya still fled afar, and afar, and he looked back crying in terror, 'How terrible, how heavy your arm! ' And Kagekiyo called at him, 'How tough the shaft of your neck is! ' And they both laughed out over the battle, and went off each his own way" [CNTJ, lll].
363. Kumasaka: A play in two acts [CNTJ, 39-45]. The ghost of the hero, Kumasaka, "comes back to praise the bravery of the young man who had killed him in single combat" [CNTJ, 39].
364. quia", est: L, "because it is impossi- ble. " From Tertullian: "Credo qui impossi- ble"; i. e. , "in these domains only faith will sustain me" [HK].
365. Gassir: [cf. 134 above].
. . .
[cf. 362 above].
367. Wemyss: Rosslyn Erskine W. , 1864- 1933, became admiral of the fleet and was created Baron Wester Wemyss in 1919.
With Foch, he signed the WWI armistice on behalf of the Allies. He and Lady Wemyss spent part of each year at Cannes, where Pound may have seen the mishap which he de-
scribes of the monocled (glass-eyed) admiral. 368. Gesell: Silvio G. , 1862-1930. Finance
minister in First (independent Socialist) Munich Councils Republik, which lasted from April 7 to 16, 1919. He was subse- quently tried for high treason but was acquitted; thereafter, he wrote numerous books and pamphlets on anarchist and monetary theories.
369. Lindhauer government: Gustave Land- hauer, 1870-1919, German literary scholar. An independent Socialist he was appOinted minister of education to the First Munich Councils Republik in 1919, which resigned after ten days in office. Following the violent overthrow of the Second Munich Councils Republik (600 civilians killed in the streets by the military acting under the orders from the Social Democratic Govern- ment in Berlin), of which he was not a member, Landhauer was arrested and taken to Stadelheim Prison, where he was shot dead on arrival by an army officer [EH].
370. il danaro c'e: I, "the money is there. " Statement made by Pellegrini [cf. 371 below] on November 27,1943. P. told Mhe would allot 125,000 lira per month to him as Hil capo della stato. " M refused, saying that 4000 lira for his family of four would be enough. P. 's response was that M should t,ake it because "the money is there. " M . agreed for a while, but on December 27, 1944 he had further payment stopped [Fang, III, 88]. But M thought it strange
[78/479].
371. Pellegrini:
366. KOPH
man's shining," Persephone and Tiresias are evoked [I :7, 11], also Kagekiyo's daughter
Gianpietro
undersecretary in the Italian Ministry of
Domenico P. ,
? ? ? ? ? I'
403. ~pobob&KTVAO(: pobob&KTVAO(, "rosy- fingered," is the Homeric epithet of Hw 0:;,
382
Finance (1943) in the government of the Salo Republic; official in the Consigli Nazionale and the Corporazione della Providenza e del Credito.
372. cires: Circumstances.
373. musketeers . . . : Prob. "partisans" or a Sale Republic guard. "Rather more" in English idiom suggests several years more. Thus, 20 years plus several after Landhauer's death would be the time of the Sal6 Re- public.
374. IIepoeq,ove,,,: H, "Persephone. " 375. Che pende: I, "that leans. "
376. Pontius: Prob. Pontius Pilate.
377. Von Tirpi! z: Alfred von T. , 1849- 1930, German admiral, who developed submarine and torpedo warfare against Allied commerce in WWI. "Beware of their charm" refers to the English [DG; 77 :2].
378. ~EIPHNE~: H, "Sirens. " The Sirens who charmed sailors are suggested by the Von Tirpitz warning to his daughter.
379. this cross: The grammate cross adopted by Nazi Germany. The swastika with arms directed to the right was thought to repre- sent the vernal progress of the sun
[Shuldiner,Pai, 4-1,81].
380. fau! e de: F, "in lieu of. "
381. XAPITE~: H, "the Graces. "
382. Kuanon: [cf. 81 above].
383. a la marina: I, "to the coast, ashore,"
384. nautilis biancas! ra: I, nautilo bianca- stro: "a white-colored shell," as in Botti- celli's painting of Venus.
385. Dantescan nsmg: In The Divine Comedy, Virgil leads Dante through Hell and up Mt. Purgatory in a systematic, ordered way. At the summit of the Mt. in the Earthly Paradise, Beatrice appears and leads him in an equally orderly way through the various
spheres until they approach the Empyrean.
386. tira libeccio: I, "the southwest wind blows. "
74/442-444
387. Genji: Central character in Lady Murasaki's Tale of Genji. A play translated by Pound is entitled Suma Genji [CNTJ, 22-36]. In speaking of the qualities of the Noh, Pound notes "the blue-grey waves and wave pattern in Suma Genji" [p. 27].
388. Suma: Village on Oska Bay, near Kobe, Japan. Here Genji lived in exile from the court [CNTJ,22].
389. Tiro, Alcmene: [cf. 143 above]. People Odysseus sees in Hell.
390. Europa . . . Pasiphae: L, "Europa nor chaste Pasiphae. " Europa, the daughter of Agenor, king of Tyre, was courted and captured by Zeus in the form of a bull. Pasiphae was the wife of King Minos of Crete, the sister of Circe, and the mother of the minotaur.
391. Eurus: The East or Southeast Wind. 392. Apeliota: The East Wind.
393. 10 son la luna: [cf. 285 above]. 394. Cunizza: [cf. 286 above].
395. Rupe Tarpeia: L, "the Tarpeian Cliff," a place in Rome where criminals and traitors were hurled to their death. Perhaps a restau- rant had this name.
396. Castelli: Among the most common wines in Rome.
74/444
"Dawn. " ~PObOb&KTVAO( is the Aeolic form,
found in Sappho as the epithet of oeMvv", Doric of GEAr,Vf], "the moon": Lyra Graeca I, fr. 86, 246 [OBGV, no. 145].
404. Ie contre-jour: F, "against the light. "
405. Achaia: Achaea, region of ancient Greece, N Peloponnesus, on Gulf of Corinth; later the Roman province Achaia, founded by Augustus.
406. Venere: I, "Venus. "
407. Cytherea: L, "Cythera. "
408. aut Rhodon: L, "or Rhodes. "
409. vento ligure, veni: I, "Come Ligurian wind. "
410. Mr. Beardsley: Aubrey Vincent B. , 1872-1898, English illustrator and writer, associated with the symbolist movement and contributor to The Yellow Book.
411. Mr, Kettlewell: Prob. John Kettelwell, a student at SI. John's College, Oxford, in 1913, when Edward, Prince of Wales, was in his first year at Magdalen.
412. pseudo-Beardsley: An unfinished draw- ing of the Prince of Wales on a bicycle done in the manner of Beardsley by W. Lawrence.
383
German initiated project to build a railroad linking western Europe, Istanbul, Mesopo- tamia and the Persian Gulf. J;ingland opposed the plan, thinking it would jeopardize British control of the sea route between Europe and India. Construction started in 1888 and was mostly completed by 1904. The project became a symbol of German imperialism
[EH, Pai, 2-2, 336; Hankins, ibid. , 337; Martin,Pai, 6-2,167-173].
418. Arabia Petra: Arabia Petraea, an ancient cliff city, "a rose-red city half as old as time" [Hankins, Pai, 2-2, 337]; but T. E. Lawrence described the stones there as "red and black and grey with streaks of green and blue. " Lowell Thomas wrote of them as "great rainbows of stone flashing out white, vermilion, saffron, orange, pink, and crimson. " Lawrence was a photog- rapher and probably had his own pictures of Petra.
419. LL. G. : Lloyd George, English prime minister at WWI peace conference at Ver- sailles.
420. frogbassador: Georges Clemenceau, chairman o f V ersailles peace conference. In JIM Pound wrote :"1 saw Arabian Law- rence in London one evening after he had been with Lloyd George and, I think, Clemenceau or at any rate one of the other big pots of the congeries. He wouldn't talk about Arabia, and quite naturally he wouldn't talk about what happened in the afternoon" [p. 33]. Fang writes: "From January to October 1919 T. E. Lawrence was at the Peace Conference with the Arab delegation; he was disgusted with the 'power politics played by Clemenceau and Lloyd George. " And Fang quotes Vyvyan Richards, Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, p. 176: "At Versailles, though, however sympathetically Lloyd George understood Lawrence's concern for Feisal, and however much he would have liked to fulfill the promises made to the Arabs, the French proved immovable. So they got Damascus in the end, and with it endless trouble and expense" [II, 181].
421. Talk modern art: T. E. Lawrence was reluctant to talk of his personal experiences,
397. "Spiritus spirit,' /come. "
veni"/adveni: L,
"'come
398. schema: L, "figure, form. "
399. Arry: Aristotle, who in Nicomachean Ethics, 1, 3, 5-7 (1095a), says political science is not for the young because "they have not experience of life and conduct . . . and they are led by their feelings" [cf. 354 above ] .
400. stagiri! e: Aristotle.
A native
o f
Stagira, here
401. Apeliota: The East Wind.
402. Time . . . evil: [30/147].
George L. , T. E. Lawrence; Will Lawrence invited Pound to SI. John's College to speak on poetry. Pound read a paper on Cava1can~i at Oxford in February 1913 and while there seems to have witnessed Kettlewell telling W. L. , who had run his bicycle into the Prince of Wales, that it was a pity he hadn't run into him
hard enough to kill him.
414.
artificial" [ef. Baudelaire, Les Paradis Artificiels] .
293. spezzato: I, "broken,"
294. mint: One of the hieratic herbs related to the vision of paradise.
295. Ladro: I, "thief, rogue. " Reference to acatintheDTC [MdeR].
296. Nemi: Lake Nemi, a small crater lake in the Alban Hills of Latium, Italy; here were the sacred grove and the temple of Diana, guarded by a priest who held the post until he was killed by another who sought the office [Frazer, The Golden Bough, 3].
297. Zarathustra: Zoroaster, fl. 5th century B. C. , a religious teacher of ancient Persia; founder of Zoroastrianism, originally a kind of fertility religion which later developed a more complex cosmogony and eschatology deriving from the struggle of the Zoroastrian supernatural spirits.
298. desuete: F, "obsolete, out of date. "
. . .
300. castellaro: [Poss. castello] : I, "castle. " Prob. here "small castle. " A place near Sant Ambrogio, near Rapallo [EH].
301. sa&ulorum Athf. Jlae: L, "immemorial of Athena. "
302. 'YAc>"t 'YAC>VKW7n~: H, "little owl, with gleaming eyes. " Note in context that the olive is sacred to Athena, who created it, and that 'YAC>VKC", like 'YAC>VKO, is used to de? scribe the sheen of the olive [79: 60] .
: F,
"Paradise
299. Jupiter
the train of thought evoked by the idea of paradise as not artificial.
that no Chinese philologist sees anything of the kind [Fang IV, 74]. )
314. Chi: [Ch'i], principality in Shensi Province; ruled by Wen Wang.
315. Shun:
[M5936]. Pound calls him Chun [53:23].
316. AL"jVP': H, "clear, shrill. "
317. tanka: The Japanese verse form of five
lines; the first and third have five syllables, the others seven. Memory of "A Shadow," tanka by Katue Kitasono. Pound once asked him, "Did you see the Hawk's Well-is it any
Hermes: Major
deities in
311. in harum . . . : [haram]: L, "into pig? sty I too have gone" [ef. 260 above].
a
312. three months . . . : Pound translates Analects VII, XIII: "In Ch'i he heard the 'Shao' sung, and for three months did not know the taste of meat; said: didn't figure the performance of music had attained to
that summit" [CON,220].
313. song . . . radiance: Pound's
visual
tion to the ideogram for "the name of the music of the legendary Emperor Shun. " Shao [M5691]. In the left component he sees the sun under an image of rays. (Note
Legendary
Chinese
ruler
reac-
? ? ? ? ? ? ? 380
343. METATHEMENON . . . : H, "if those who use a currency give it up in favour of another. " From Aristotle,Politics 1275b, 16
[53:157; 77:67; 97:77].
344. Salamis fleet: [cf. 110 above] .
345. Worgl: (Woergl), a small town in the Austrian Tyrol which in the early 1930s issued its own money, a form of the stamp script [41:44]. The new money created prosperity: "The town had been bankrupt: the citizens had not been able to pay their
74/440-442
74/442
381
rates . . . etc.
everything had been put right. . . . All went well until an ill-starred Wergl note was presented at the counter of an Innsbruck bank. . . . The burgomaster was deprived of his office, but the ideological war had been won" [SP,314].
346. Gedichte: G, "Poems. "
347. Heine: Heinrich H. , 1797-1856, Ger- man lyric poet and critic.
348. Tyrol: i. e. , N Tyrol, Austria.
349. Innsbruck: Capitol of N Tyrol, W Austria.
350. N. E. P. : "New Economic Policy. " The
Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 left the "tountry in an economic doldrums that it could not get out of. Marx had provided an
analysis of the workings and functions of "capital," but he provided no economic program for a socialist state, The country continued in a state of shock while the people suffered terribly. Lenin finally created the N. E. P. as a temporary five-year plan. It was a capitalist economic device that was criticized by a number of Marxist purists, but Lenin conceived it to be a temporary transitional economic device between the former bourgeoiS system of exploitation and the dictatorship of the proletariat, in whicl an economic paradise would be created. Pound's theory here is
that all Lenin needed to have done was issue certificates to the workers for work done, which could have been used as money and thus have created the kind of prosperity had by Wergl. Instead, the N. E. P. was
But in
less than two
years
started by borrowing money at high interest rates, which kept the people enslaved in the same old way [103:6].
351. canal work: The Soviets used forced labor (nearly 300,000 prisoners from labor camps) to build the White Sea-Baltic Canal, begun in 1931 and completed in 1933-34. David J. Dallin, in his book The Real Soviet Russia [Yale University Press, 1947], quotes '"a French engineer . . . sentenced to forced labor," who "managed to escape across the Finnish border": "More than 50,000 [pris- oners] died during a period of a year and a
half" [po 242].
352. dumping: PlaCing large quantities of a basic commodity on the market at a price less than the cost of producing it. Pound wrote: "The Roman Empire was ruined by the dumping of cheap grain from Egypt, which sold at an unjustly low price. And usury corrodes" [SP, 316]. Similar devices were employed by Roosevelt's New Deal to
restore the market economy.
353. each . . . god: One of the several paraphrases Pound makes of a biblical line: "For all people will walk everyone in the name of his god, and we will walk in the name of the LORD our God for ever and ever" [Micah 4. 5].
354. Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics, 1095a, has such a statement. Pound analyzes the Ethics with a conclusion as premise: "As ethics, Arry is not fit to clean the boots of Confucius" [GK,326].
355. Katholon: H, "generalities. " 356. hekasta: H, "particulars. " 357. Yaou: Yao [cf. 94 above].
358. Shun: Pound ends the passage about Shun [Chun; cf. 315 above] from Chung Yung in these words: "Shun was a son in the great pattern . . . he perforce came to the throne, perforce had these high honors, perforce this enduring fame, and longevity"
[CON, 133]. And, "He liked to ask ques- tions of people, and to listen to their simple answers. He passed over the malice and
: H,
"Daughter,
the blind
winnowed out the good. He observed their discordant motives and followed the middle line" [CON, 107]. And, "He said: lofty as the spirits of the hills and the grain mother, Shun and Yu held the empire, as if not in a mortar with it" [CON,227].
359. wd/. . . seacoast: In a discussion of what Shun as emperor would have done had his father been guilty of murder. Seeing that he could not order that his father not be arrested as the law justly required, he said: "Shun would have regarded abandoning the empire as throwing away a worn-out sandal. He would privately have taken his father on his back, and retired into concealment, living somewhere along the seacoast" [Legge, 965; Pound's source was Pauthier, 443]. An ana- log to Aeneas carrying his father, Anchises, to safety on his back.
360. son pere: F, "his father. " Both Legge and Pauthier italicize the phrase.
361. Dai Nippon Banzai: J, "Hail to Great Japan. "
362. Kagekiyo: A one-act play [CNTJ, 105-112]. The story of an old blind man whose daughter goes to extremes to find him, but in the end they part. Near the end of the play the chorus says: "The vizard broke and remained in his hand and Miyo- noya still fled afar, and afar, and he looked back crying in terror, 'How terrible, how heavy your arm! ' And Kagekiyo called at him, 'How tough the shaft of your neck is! ' And they both laughed out over the battle, and went off each his own way" [CNTJ, lll].
363. Kumasaka: A play in two acts [CNTJ, 39-45]. The ghost of the hero, Kumasaka, "comes back to praise the bravery of the young man who had killed him in single combat" [CNTJ, 39].
364. quia", est: L, "because it is impossi- ble. " From Tertullian: "Credo qui impossi- ble"; i. e. , "in these domains only faith will sustain me" [HK].
365. Gassir: [cf. 134 above].
. . .
[cf. 362 above].
367. Wemyss: Rosslyn Erskine W. , 1864- 1933, became admiral of the fleet and was created Baron Wester Wemyss in 1919.
With Foch, he signed the WWI armistice on behalf of the Allies. He and Lady Wemyss spent part of each year at Cannes, where Pound may have seen the mishap which he de-
scribes of the monocled (glass-eyed) admiral. 368. Gesell: Silvio G. , 1862-1930. Finance
minister in First (independent Socialist) Munich Councils Republik, which lasted from April 7 to 16, 1919. He was subse- quently tried for high treason but was acquitted; thereafter, he wrote numerous books and pamphlets on anarchist and monetary theories.
369. Lindhauer government: Gustave Land- hauer, 1870-1919, German literary scholar. An independent Socialist he was appOinted minister of education to the First Munich Councils Republik in 1919, which resigned after ten days in office. Following the violent overthrow of the Second Munich Councils Republik (600 civilians killed in the streets by the military acting under the orders from the Social Democratic Govern- ment in Berlin), of which he was not a member, Landhauer was arrested and taken to Stadelheim Prison, where he was shot dead on arrival by an army officer [EH].
370. il danaro c'e: I, "the money is there. " Statement made by Pellegrini [cf. 371 below] on November 27,1943. P. told Mhe would allot 125,000 lira per month to him as Hil capo della stato. " M refused, saying that 4000 lira for his family of four would be enough. P. 's response was that M should t,ake it because "the money is there. " M . agreed for a while, but on December 27, 1944 he had further payment stopped [Fang, III, 88]. But M thought it strange
[78/479].
371. Pellegrini:
366. KOPH
man's shining," Persephone and Tiresias are evoked [I :7, 11], also Kagekiyo's daughter
Gianpietro
undersecretary in the Italian Ministry of
Domenico P. ,
? ? ? ? ? I'
403. ~pobob&KTVAO(: pobob&KTVAO(, "rosy- fingered," is the Homeric epithet of Hw 0:;,
382
Finance (1943) in the government of the Salo Republic; official in the Consigli Nazionale and the Corporazione della Providenza e del Credito.
372. cires: Circumstances.
373. musketeers . . . : Prob. "partisans" or a Sale Republic guard. "Rather more" in English idiom suggests several years more. Thus, 20 years plus several after Landhauer's death would be the time of the Sal6 Re- public.
374. IIepoeq,ove,,,: H, "Persephone. " 375. Che pende: I, "that leans. "
376. Pontius: Prob. Pontius Pilate.
377. Von Tirpi! z: Alfred von T. , 1849- 1930, German admiral, who developed submarine and torpedo warfare against Allied commerce in WWI. "Beware of their charm" refers to the English [DG; 77 :2].
378. ~EIPHNE~: H, "Sirens. " The Sirens who charmed sailors are suggested by the Von Tirpitz warning to his daughter.
379. this cross: The grammate cross adopted by Nazi Germany. The swastika with arms directed to the right was thought to repre- sent the vernal progress of the sun
[Shuldiner,Pai, 4-1,81].
380. fau! e de: F, "in lieu of. "
381. XAPITE~: H, "the Graces. "
382. Kuanon: [cf. 81 above].
383. a la marina: I, "to the coast, ashore,"
384. nautilis biancas! ra: I, nautilo bianca- stro: "a white-colored shell," as in Botti- celli's painting of Venus.
385. Dantescan nsmg: In The Divine Comedy, Virgil leads Dante through Hell and up Mt. Purgatory in a systematic, ordered way. At the summit of the Mt. in the Earthly Paradise, Beatrice appears and leads him in an equally orderly way through the various
spheres until they approach the Empyrean.
386. tira libeccio: I, "the southwest wind blows. "
74/442-444
387. Genji: Central character in Lady Murasaki's Tale of Genji. A play translated by Pound is entitled Suma Genji [CNTJ, 22-36]. In speaking of the qualities of the Noh, Pound notes "the blue-grey waves and wave pattern in Suma Genji" [p. 27].
388. Suma: Village on Oska Bay, near Kobe, Japan. Here Genji lived in exile from the court [CNTJ,22].
389. Tiro, Alcmene: [cf. 143 above]. People Odysseus sees in Hell.
390. Europa . . . Pasiphae: L, "Europa nor chaste Pasiphae. " Europa, the daughter of Agenor, king of Tyre, was courted and captured by Zeus in the form of a bull. Pasiphae was the wife of King Minos of Crete, the sister of Circe, and the mother of the minotaur.
391. Eurus: The East or Southeast Wind. 392. Apeliota: The East Wind.
393. 10 son la luna: [cf. 285 above]. 394. Cunizza: [cf. 286 above].
395. Rupe Tarpeia: L, "the Tarpeian Cliff," a place in Rome where criminals and traitors were hurled to their death. Perhaps a restau- rant had this name.
396. Castelli: Among the most common wines in Rome.
74/444
"Dawn. " ~PObOb&KTVAO( is the Aeolic form,
found in Sappho as the epithet of oeMvv", Doric of GEAr,Vf], "the moon": Lyra Graeca I, fr. 86, 246 [OBGV, no. 145].
404. Ie contre-jour: F, "against the light. "
405. Achaia: Achaea, region of ancient Greece, N Peloponnesus, on Gulf of Corinth; later the Roman province Achaia, founded by Augustus.
406. Venere: I, "Venus. "
407. Cytherea: L, "Cythera. "
408. aut Rhodon: L, "or Rhodes. "
409. vento ligure, veni: I, "Come Ligurian wind. "
410. Mr. Beardsley: Aubrey Vincent B. , 1872-1898, English illustrator and writer, associated with the symbolist movement and contributor to The Yellow Book.
411. Mr, Kettlewell: Prob. John Kettelwell, a student at SI. John's College, Oxford, in 1913, when Edward, Prince of Wales, was in his first year at Magdalen.
412. pseudo-Beardsley: An unfinished draw- ing of the Prince of Wales on a bicycle done in the manner of Beardsley by W. Lawrence.
383
German initiated project to build a railroad linking western Europe, Istanbul, Mesopo- tamia and the Persian Gulf. J;ingland opposed the plan, thinking it would jeopardize British control of the sea route between Europe and India. Construction started in 1888 and was mostly completed by 1904. The project became a symbol of German imperialism
[EH, Pai, 2-2, 336; Hankins, ibid. , 337; Martin,Pai, 6-2,167-173].
418. Arabia Petra: Arabia Petraea, an ancient cliff city, "a rose-red city half as old as time" [Hankins, Pai, 2-2, 337]; but T. E. Lawrence described the stones there as "red and black and grey with streaks of green and blue. " Lowell Thomas wrote of them as "great rainbows of stone flashing out white, vermilion, saffron, orange, pink, and crimson. " Lawrence was a photog- rapher and probably had his own pictures of Petra.
419. LL. G. : Lloyd George, English prime minister at WWI peace conference at Ver- sailles.
420. frogbassador: Georges Clemenceau, chairman o f V ersailles peace conference. In JIM Pound wrote :"1 saw Arabian Law- rence in London one evening after he had been with Lloyd George and, I think, Clemenceau or at any rate one of the other big pots of the congeries. He wouldn't talk about Arabia, and quite naturally he wouldn't talk about what happened in the afternoon" [p. 33]. Fang writes: "From January to October 1919 T. E. Lawrence was at the Peace Conference with the Arab delegation; he was disgusted with the 'power politics played by Clemenceau and Lloyd George. " And Fang quotes Vyvyan Richards, Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, p. 176: "At Versailles, though, however sympathetically Lloyd George understood Lawrence's concern for Feisal, and however much he would have liked to fulfill the promises made to the Arabs, the French proved immovable. So they got Damascus in the end, and with it endless trouble and expense" [II, 181].
421. Talk modern art: T. E. Lawrence was reluctant to talk of his personal experiences,
397. "Spiritus spirit,' /come. "
veni"/adveni: L,
"'come
398. schema: L, "figure, form. "
399. Arry: Aristotle, who in Nicomachean Ethics, 1, 3, 5-7 (1095a), says political science is not for the young because "they have not experience of life and conduct . . . and they are led by their feelings" [cf. 354 above ] .
400. stagiri! e: Aristotle.
A native
o f
Stagira, here
401. Apeliota: The East Wind.
402. Time . . . evil: [30/147].
George L. , T. E. Lawrence; Will Lawrence invited Pound to SI. John's College to speak on poetry. Pound read a paper on Cava1can~i at Oxford in February 1913 and while there seems to have witnessed Kettlewell telling W. L. , who had run his bicycle into the Prince of Wales, that it was a pity he hadn't run into him
hard enough to kill him.
414.
