Olin Library,
Department
of Rare Books- David R.
Samuel Beckett
Although the publication information is given for all first and subsequent editions of Beckett's texts when this infor mation is germane to the context of a letter, quotations are gener ally taken from the Grove Press editions.
Iv
Editorial procedures
Choice of translations English literary translations are provided for Beckett's foreign-language citations. Beckett nearly always read in the original language, and so choice of a translation is seldom direc ted by his reading.
Chronologies Chronologies precede each year of the letters to present an overview of the events mentioned by Beckett's letters; these include significant world events.
Profiles Biographicalprofilesofpersonswhohaveacontinuingrolein the narrative of The Letters of Samuel Beckett appear in the Appendix. Those who have a profile are indicated with an asterisk following their first reference. A profile presents a narrative of a person's life and work, with regard particularly to his or her association with Beckett. Profiles appear in the first volume of the letters in which the person becomes a figure of significance. The profiles cover the historical range of a person's association with Beckett because they will not be reprinted in subsequent volumes of the edition. Profiles are also given for certain institutions, publications, and organizations.
lvi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The family of Samuel Beckett has been welcoming as well as generous in sharing memories and documents. The editors warmly thank Edward and Felicity Beckett, Caroline and Patrick Murphy, Diana Zambonelli, Jill Babcock, and remember with gratitude Ann Beckett (d. ), John Beckett (d. ), Sheila Page (d. ), and Morris Sinclair (d. ).
FUNDING AND CONTRIBUTIONS
The Graduate School ofEmory University has generously supported the research for The Letters ofSamuel Beckett since 1990. The editing project at Emory, known as "The Correspondence of Samuel Beckett," is a labo ratory for humanities research in which graduate students in several disciplines of the humanities are engaged. Faculty and staff colleagues at Emory have unfailingly supported the edition with their knowledge and resources.
The extensive process ofgathering, organizing, and preparing docu ments and oral histories fundamental to such an edition was facilitated by major support from The National Endowment for the Humanities from 1991 to 1997. The Graduate School of Emory University contrib uted both the overhead and cost-sharing for these grants.
The research for this edition is international and cross-cultural. The Florence Gould Foundation supported the French and American part nership of this research from 1995 through 2003. The Graduate School of Emory University and The American University of Paris contributed cost-sharing. The support of the Gould Foundation helped to establish a Paris center for the research at The American University of Paris, direc ted by Associate Editor Dan Gunn; students there served as interns, conducting research in French collections.
The Mellon Foundation supported research at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center of The University of Texas at Austin
! vii
Acknowledgments
(1993-1994); the Huntington Library / British Academy Exchange Fellowship (1994-1995) supported research at the Huntington Library; the Helm Fellowship supported research at the Lilly Library, Indiana University (1997-1998, 2002-2003). The Rockefeller Foundation enabled the editorial team to meet at its Bellagio Study Center, Italy (2004-2005), to work together on the first two of the edition's four volumes.
The Cultural Division of the Department of European Affairs of Ireland has undertaken the distribution of copies of each of the four volumes of The Letters ofSamuel Beckett to universities and public libraries overseas and those operated through the Irish Diplomatic Missions abroad. We appreciate the support of Noel Treacy TD, former Minister for European Affairs, for making possible this tribute to Samuel Beckett's Irish legacy.
Without the continuing and substantial contributions of Emory Professors Alice N. Benston and George J. Benston (d. ), the project to edit The Letters of Samuel Beckett would not have gone forward. Their belief in the centrality of literature and the arts in an educated life, their intellectual mentorship and, especially, their personal encourage ment and friendship have been an immeasurable gift.
We are grateful for the efforts ofJoseph Beck of Kilpatrick Stockton LLP, who has been a steadfast adviser providing pro bono assistance to the edition in the area of copyright law. His thoroughness, expertise, and capacious understanding guided the editors; his personal support has been unbounded. We also thank Pam Mallari of Kilpatrick Stockton LLP for her pro bono services.
The editors greatly appreciate the generous in-kind contributions of the following persons: Mimi Bean, Brenda Bynum, R. Cary Bynum, Carainn Childers, Maydelle and Sam Fason, Neil Garvin, Barbara Gruninger, David Hesla, Jacob Hovind, Nori Howard-Butot, Alexandra Mettler, Breon Mitchell, Maria Chan Morgan, James Overbeck, Eduardo Paguaga, Lynn Todd-Crawford, Colette and Denis Weaire, and Gerald Weales.
The edition has been the beneficiary of gifts from individual donors, all of whom have additionally enriched this endeavor with their con tinuing interest: Laura Barlament, Jean B. Bergmark, Brenda and R. Cary Bynum, Claydean Cameron, Hilary Pyle Carey, Brian Cliff, Mary Evans Comstock, Judith Schmidt Douw, Jennifer Jeffers, Louis LeBroquy and
lviii
Acknowledgments
Ann Madden, Victoria R. Orlowski, and Frances L. Padgett in honor of Brenda Bynum.
EMORY UNIVERSITY
The vision and support of the Deans of the Graduate School have
brought the edition to fruition; the editors especially thank George Jones, Alice N. Benston, and Eleanor Main(d. ), who made the edition's affiliation with Emory possible, and subsequent Deans Donald G. Stein, Robert Paul, and Lisa Tedesco, who continued this support. The editors also thank Vice Provost of International Affairs Holli Semetko for con
tributions to the international research for the edition.
The Advisory Board at Emory University includes Alice N. Benston, Ronald Schuchard, Maximilian Aue, Geoffrey Bennington, and Sandra Still. The editors wish to recognize them and the contributions of other Emory faculty colleagues: Matthew Bernstein, Philippe Bonnefis, Thomas Burns, Brenda Bynum, David A. Cook, Michael Evenden, Steve Everett, William Gruber, Josue Harari, David Hesla, Geraldine Higgins, Peter H6yng, Dalia Judovitz, Judith Miller, Clark V. Poling,
Donald Verene, andJ. HarveyYoung(d. ).
Emory University Libraries have been at the heart of the research for
the edition: The Woodruff Library - Directors Joan Gotwals, Linda Matthews, and Richard Luce, and Librarians Rachel Borchardt, Lloyd Busch,Joyce Clinkscales, Margaret Ellingson, Erika Farr, Kristin Gager, Marie Hansen, Erin Mooney, Anne Nicolson, Eric Nitschke, Marie Nitschke, Elizabeth Patterson, Chuck Spornick, Sandra Still, Ann Vidor, Elaine Wagner, Sarah Ward, Erik Wendt, and Gayle Williams; The Manuscript and Rare Book Library(MARBL) - Director Stephen Enniss, Teresa Burk, Ginger Cain, David Faulds, Naomi Nelson, Ellen Nemhauser, Elizabeth Russey, Kathy Shoemaker, and Donna Bradley; the staff of The ECIT center; The Michael C. Carlos Museum - Catherine Howett Smith; Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library - Director Carol Burns, Barbara Abu-Leid, and Erin Busch.
The dedicated support team in the Beckett Project office over the years has managed the varied demands ofthe edition superbly: Amanda R. Baker, Daphne Demetry, Julia Getman, Courtney King, Suzanne Powell, Molly Stevens, and especially Lynn Todd-Crawford. The editors appreciate the assistance of Rosemary Hynes and Geri Thomas in the
! ix
Acknowledgments
Graduate School, as well as the services of members of the Emory technical support staff: Adolf von Baden-Wiirttemberg, Mahbuba Ferdousi, Wei Ming Lu, and Laura Pokalsky.
Emory University Graduate Fellows have served the research of the project with diligence and creativity: Adrienne Angelo, Levin Arnsperger, Jeffrey Baggett, Laura Barlament, Jenny Davis Barnett, Andre BenhalIIl, Patrick Bixby, Karen Brown-Wheeler, Brooke Campbell, Lauren Cardon, Miriam Chirico, Brian Cliff, Curtis Cordell, Kathryn Crowther, Brian Croxall, Anthony J. Cuda, Anna Engle, John Fitzgerald, Christian Paul Holland, Jacob Hovind, Jennifer Jeffers, Michael Johnson, Jason Jones, Margaret Koehler, Paul Linden, Dominic Mastroianni, Martha Henn McCormick, Michelle Miles, Jennifer Poulos Nesbitt, Eduardo Paguaga, John Peck, Ralph Schoolcraft, Petra Schweitzer, Jennifer Svienty, Melissa Thurmond, Derval Tubridy, Kerry Higgins Wendt, Patrick Wheeler, and Julia McElhattan Williams.
Emory University Undergraduate Assistants have been effective and energetic in their work with the project: Margaret Anello, Amanda Barnett, Maiben Beard, Jonah Bea-Taylor, Shanta! Chan-Friday, Rebecca Conner, Daphne Demetry, Kirsten Dorsche, Natasha Farquharson, Neil Garvin, Jessica Gearing, Julia Hendricks, Lisa Hutchinson, Erin Igney, Danielle Kuczkowski, Josh Millard, Toure Neblett, Alina Opreanu, Victoria Orlowski, Sarah Osier, Jason Rayles, Amanda Robinson, Brian Serafin, Danielle Sered, Emily Shin, Hannah Shin, John Southnard, Shannon Weary, Amanda Wilburn, and Ashley Woo.
THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF PARIS
Initiated with the award of a grant from the Florence Gould Foundation, the edition's partnership with The American University of Paris has included faculty, staff, and students. The editors appreciate the assis tance and support of Presidents Lee Huebner, Michael Simpson, and Gerardo della Paolera; Deans William Cipolla, Andrea Leskes, Michael Vincent, and Celeste Schenck; faculty - Christine Baltay, Geoffrey Gilbert, Richard Pevear, Roy Rosenstein, and University Librarians Toby Stone and Jorge Sosa Ortega, as well as the assistance of William Gatsby, Beatrice Laplante, Brenda Tomey, and Karen Wagner.
AUP student interns: Amy Christine Allen, Lauren Anderson, Isolde Barker-Mill, Maranda Barnes, Susan Bell, Mischa Benoit-Lavelle, David
Ix
Bornstein, Brian Brazeau, Chrislaine Brito-Medina, Zachary Brown, Sarah Champa, Christina Chua, Laura Cook, Alessandra Cortez, Lisa Damon, Lindsay Franta, Natalie Frederick, Mia Genoni, Delphine Henri, Eric Hess, Laura Kaiserman, Alkmini Karakosta, Jennifer Kerns, Anthony Kraus, Caroline Laurent, Jennifer Laurent, Eugene Manning, Caroline Markunas, Ivy Mills, Candace Montout, Disa Ohlsson, Caleb Pagliasotti, Marta Lee Perriard, David Pollack, Jennifer Scanlon, Pamela Schleimer, Nils Schott, Jonathan Scott, Avra Spector, Jan Steyn, Alix Strickland, Leigh Thomas, Geoffrey Thompson, Gina Tory, Ulrike Trux, Todd Tyree, Christian West, Eugenia Wilbrenninck, Alison M. Williams, and April Wuensch.
ADVISORY TEAM
A number of colleagues have served the edition in an informal but important advisory capacity. The editors convey warm appreciation for their scholarship, counsel, and wisdom: Walter Asmus, Alice N. Benston, George J. Benston (d. ) Brenda Bynum, Ruby Cohn, David Hesla, James Knowlson, Gerard Lawless, Breon Mitchell, Mark Nixon, Catherine Putman, Hilary Pyle, Roswitha Quadflieg, Ann Saddlemyer, Susan Schreibman, Ronald Schuchard, Carolyn Swift (d. ), James White (d. ), Katherine Worth, and Barbara Wright.
For their insight and assistance with the research for Volume I of The Letters ofSamuel Beckett, the editors wish to thank the following persons: H. Porter Abbott, Mary Manning Howe Adams (d. ), Klaus Albrecht, Avigdor Arikha, Anne Atik, Gunter Aust. Ellie Balson, Iain Banks, William H. Baskin, Marcus Beale, Jean-Paul Beau, Georges Belmont, Helmut Berthald, Mrs. Wilfred Ruprecht Bion, Therese Birkenhauer (d. ), Uli Bohnen, Gerard Bourke SJ, Nicola Gordon Bowe, Patricia Boylan, Enoch Brater, Barbara Bray, Robert I. Brown (d. ), Terence Brown, Christopher Buckland-Wright, G. H. Burrows (d. ) Gottfried Buttner, Marie Renate Buttner. John Calder, William Camfield, David E. Cartwright, Mary Ann Caws, John Charlton (d. ), Carainn Childers, Louise Cleveland, Lisa Bernadette Coen, Brian Coffey (d. ), Bridget Coffey (d. ), John Coffey, Ann Colcord, Sally Hone Cooke-Smith (d. ), Anne Corbett, John Corcoran, Liam Costello, Jean Coulomb (d. ), Nick Coulson, Thomas Cousinau, Sharon Cowling, Gareth Cox, Ann Cremin, Anthony Cronin, William Cunningham (d. ).
lxi
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Norris Davidson, Gerald Davis, Maria Davis-Obolensky, Emile Delavenay (d. ), Morgan Dockrell, Philippe and Michelle Douay, Gerry Dukes. Valerie Eliot, Maude Ellmann, Richard Ellmann (d. ). Margaret Farrington, Raymond Federman, Sally Fitzgerald (d. ), John Fletcher, M. R. D. Foot, Pierre Fourcaud, Wallace Fowlie (d. ), Patricia Frere Reeves (d. ), Erika Friedman, Everett Frost. Bridget Ganly (d. ), Padraic Gilligan, Gilles Glacet, Stanley Gontarski, Michael Gorman, John Graham, Greene's Book Shop, Nicholas Grene, Margaret Grimm, William E. Groves, Barbara Gruninger, James H. Guilford (d. ).
Michael Haerdter, Anthony Harding, Clive Hart, Lawrence Harvey (d. ), Ada Haylor (d. ), Odile Helier, Jocelyn Herbert (d. ), Phillip Herring, John Herrington, Michael Hertslet, Ian Higgins, Arthur Hillis (d. ), David Hone, Oliver Hone, Fanny Howe, Susan Howe, Tina Howe, Werner Huber, Alice Hudgens, John Michael Hudtwalcker, Liza Hutchinson. Randall Ivy. Brendon Jacobs (d. ), Michael Jacobs, Thomas Jenkins, Robert Joesting, Harry Johnson, Ann and Jeremy Johnston, Tina Johnston, Bettina Jonie, Stephen Joyce. Marek Kedzierski, Ernest Keegan (d. ), Eileen Kelly, John Kelly, Ben Kiely, Naum Kleiman, Margret Klinge, Elizabeth Knowlson, Charles Krance. Nigel Leask, Pierre Leber, Alex Leon, Roger Little, Mark Littman, Carla Locatelli, Herbert Lottman, Cyril Lucas, John Luce, Vanda and Jeremy Lucke, Bridget Lunn.
Bill McBride, Brian McGing, Barry McGovern, Dougald McMillan (d. ), Franz Michael Maier, Alain Malraux, John Manning (d. ), James Mays, Daniel Medin, Winrich Meiszies, Vivian Mercier (d. ), Gunter Metken (d. ), Anna-Louise Milne, Ruth Morse, Dame Iris Murdoch (d. ). Maurice Nadeau, Robert Nicholson, Robert Niklaus, Kevin Nolan, Ian Norrie, Marian von Nostitz. Fergus O'Donoghue SJ, Patrick O'Dwyer, Annick O'Meara, Christine O'Neil, Cathal O'Shannon, Prince Alexis N. Obolensky (d. ), Serge S. Obolensky, Hugh Oram. Marjorie Perloff, Alexis Peron, Michel Peron, Lino Pertile, Alastair Pringle. Jean-Michel Rabate, Lord Rathdonnell, Claude Rawson, Yvonne Redmond, Christopher Ricks, Bob Ritchie, Philip Roberts, Rachel Roberts, Anthony Rota, Elizabeth Ryan (d. ), Robert Ryan.
Claude and Zoubeida Salzman, Elliseva Sayers, Pierre Schneider, Natalie Sheehan, Andree Sheehy-Skeffington (d. ), Philip Shields, Marc Silver, Anne Simonin, Seymour Slive, Colin Smythe, Michael Solomons, G. P. Solomos, Elizabeth Curran Solterer (d. ), Helen Solterer, Sandra Spanier, Dame Natasha Spender, Arvid Sponberg, Emily Stanton, Lady
lxii
Staples, James Steffen, Diana Childers Stewart, Gerald Pakenham Stewart (d. ), Marion Stocking, Elisabeth Stockton (d. ), John Stone III, Claire Stoullig, Francis Stuart (d. ). Sheila Harvey Tanzer, Dan Thompson, Deborah Thompson, Jeremy Thompson, Piers Thompson, Toby Thompson, Ursula Thompson (d. ), Erika Tophoven, C. H. Trench (d. ), MichaelJay Tucker. Helen Vendler,John Vice, Srdjan Vujic. Joachim
Heusinger von Waldegg, Mervyn Wall (d. ), David Wheatley, Thomas Whitehead, Clara Wisdom, Anne Leventhal Woolfson (d. ). Anne Yeats (d. ), Michael Yeats (d. ).
Contributions that pertain primarily to later volumes of the edition are accordingly acknowledged there.
LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES
Scholars, librarians, and archivists have developed valuable collections and have broadened our access to them with electronic catalogues, on line finding aids, databases, and textbases. In particular, we wish to thank James Knowlson for his vision in establishing the Beckett International Foundation at Reading University, a central archive of the papers of Samuel Beckett, and for fostering collaboration among Beckett scholars internationally; we also thank Mary Bryden, Ronan McDonald, Anna McMullan, Mark Nixon, John Pilling, and Julian Garforth for their valued collegial assistance.
The editors acknowledge with gratitude the knowledgeable col leagues in libraries, archives, museums, and other offices of record who have assisted them with queries.
Aargauer Kunsthaus: Corinne Sotzek. The Admiralty, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London: Gervaise Cowell (d. ). Akademie der Bildenden Kunste Munchen, Archiv und Sammlungen: Birgit Joos. American Library Association: Renee Prestegard. Archives of American Art: Susan Marcott, Judy Throm. Art Gallery of Ontario, E. P. Taylor Research Library and Archives: Kathleen McLean. Art Institute of Chicago Library: Susan Goldweski, Mary K. Woolever.
Bank of Ireland: Eamon MacThomas. Eduard-Bargheer-Haus, Hamburg: Dirk Justus, Peter Zilze. Barnard College Archives: Donald Glassman. Bayerische Staatsgemiildesamm! ungen, Munich: Helge Siefert. BBC Sound Archives: Gosta Johansson. BBC Written Archives: John Jordan, Jacqueline Kavanagh, Erin O'Neill, Julie Snelling, Tracy Weston. Bibliotheque
lxiii
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Publique d'Information Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris. Bibliotheque Polonaise, Paris. Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve, Paris. La Biennale Di Venezia Archive: Daniela Ducceschi. Boston College, John J. Burns Library of Rare Books and Special Collections Library: Director Robert O'Neill, John Atteberry, Shelley Barber, Amy Braitsch, David E. Horn, Susan Rainville. Boston University, Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center: Director Howard Gotlieb, Margaret Goostray, Christopher Noble, Sean Noel, Alexander Rankin, Kim Sulik. British Film Institute: Janet Moat, Wilf Stevenson. British Institute of Florence, Harold Acton Library: Alyson Price. British Library: Nicholas Barker, John Barr, Sally Brown, Christopher Fletcher, Andrew Levett, Alice Prochaska, Rupert Ridgewell; Newspapers, Colindale- Stewart Gilles; Oriental and India Office Collections, APAC - Dorian Leveque. The British Museum: Christopher Denvir. Galerie Jeanne-Bucher, Paris.
Cambridge University: University Library - Peter M. Meadows; Trinity College Library- Diana Chardin. Campbell College, Belfast: Keith Haines. Columbia University, Butler Library, Rare Books and Manuscripts: Director Jean Ashton, Director Bernard Crystal, Tara C. Craig, Jennifer Lee. Cornell University: John M.
Olin Library, Department of Rare Books- David R. Block; Fiske Collections, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections - Patrick J. Stevens. Courtauld Institute of Art: Julia Blanks, Barbara Hilton-Smith, Sue Price, Ernst Vegelin.
Dartmouth College, Rauner Special Collections Library: Director Philip Cronenwett, Director Jay Satterfield, Joshua Berger, Stephanie Gibbs, Sarah I. Hartwell. Department of Foreign Affairs, Dublin: Bernadette Chambers. DePau! University, Richardson Library: Joan M. Mitchanis. Deutsches Literatur Archiv, Schiller National Museum, Marbach: Ute Doster, Gunther Nickel, Jutta Reusch. The Dictionary of Irish Biography: James McGuire. Dresden Kunsthalle: Martin Roth. Dublin City Archives: Mary Clark Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane: Director Barbara Dawson, Patrick Casey, Liz Forster, Joanna Shepard. Dublin Writers Museum: Esther O'Hanlon.
Eastman School ofMusic, Sibley Music Library: Jim Farrington. Feis Ceoil, Dublin: Ita Beausang, Maeve Madden. Fondation Maeght, St. Paul de-Vence: Annette Pond. Ford Foundation: Alan Divack, Jonathan Green.
Association Les Amis de Jeanne et Otto Freundlich: Edda Maillet. Frick Museum Library: Lydia Dufore, Sue Massen.
Georgetown University Libraries: Nicholas B. Sheetz. Germanisches Nationalmuseum Numberg: lflrike Heinrichs-Schreiber. Global Village:
lxiv
Acknowledgments
John Reilly. The Goethe Institut (now Goethe-Zentrnm), Atlanta: Michael Nentwich, Gusti Stewart. Grolier Club Library: J. Fernando Peiia. The Peggy Guggenheim Museum, Florence: Phillip Rylands.
Hamburg University: Hans Wilhelm Eckardt, Eckart Krause. Hamburger Kunsthalle: Director Helmut R. Leppien (d. ), Ute Haug, Ulrich Luckhardt, Matthias Miihling, Uwe M. Schneed, Annemarie Stefes. Handel-Haus Library, Halle: Gotz Traxdorf. Harvard University: Countaway Library of Medicine - Julia Whelan; Fogg Art Museum - Lizzy Bamhorst, Sarah Kianovsky; Harvard Theatre Collection - Annette Fern, Fredric Woodbridge Wilson; Houghton Library - Michael Dumas, Elizabeth Falsey, Susan Halpert. Hiroshima Museum of Art: Y. Furutani. The Huntington Library: Sara S. Hodson. Leonard Hutton Galleries: Shary Grossman.
Illustrated London News: Richard Pitkin. Indiana University, The Lilly Library: Director Lisa Browar, Director Breon Mitchell, William Cagle, Saundra Taylor. Institut memoires de ! 'edition contemporaine (IMEC), Paris Caen: Director Olivier Corpet, Andre Derval, Albert Dichy, Nathalie Leger, Martine Ollion. Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt: Wilhelm Schluter. Inverclyde Libraries, James Watt Library, Greenock, Scotland: Betty Hendry, Rebecca McKellar. Irish Copyright Licensing Agency: Jorid Lindberg. Irish Jewish Genealogical Society and Family History Centre of the Irish Jewish Museum, Dublin: Stuart Rosenblatt.
Kent State University Libraries: Kathleen Martin, Stephanie Wachalec. Kingston University: Anne Rowe, Jane Ruddell. Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm: Anders Burius. Kunstmuseum Basel: Christian Selz.
Law Society ofIreland: Linda Dolan. Leeds University Library: Christopher Sheppard. Leibniz-Archiv, Hanover: Herbert Breger. Library of Congress, Department of Manuscripts, Washington, DC: Alice Love Birney,
Jeffrey M. Flannery. Linen Hall Library, Belfast: Gerry Healey. London Transport Museum Library: Helen Kent.
McMaster University, Mills Memorial Library: Jane Boyko, Eden Jenkins, Carl Spadoni, Charlotte A. Stewart-Murphy. Middle Temple Library, London: Stuart Adams. Munch Museum, Oslo: Gerd Woll. Museum Ludwig, Cologne: Ulrich Tillman. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Museum of Modern Art, Oxford: David Elliot, Pamela Ferris.
National Archives, Washington, DC: John E. Taylor. National Archives of Ireland: David Craig, Catriona Crowe, Aideen Ireland, Tom Quinlan. National College ofArt and Design, Dublin: Alice Clarke. National
! xv
Acknowledgments
Gallery of Art, Washington, DC: Anne Halpern. National Gallery of Ireland: Leah Benson, Marie Burke, Niamh MacNally, Ann M. Stewart. National Gallery London, Libraries and Archive Department: Flavia Dietrich-England, Jacqueline Mccomish; New Media: Charlotte Sexton. National Irish Visual Arts Library: Ciara Healy, Donna Romano. National Library of Ireland: Director Patricia Donlon, Catherine Fahy, Patrick Hawes, Elizabeth M. Kirwan, Noel Kissane, Gerard Lyne. New Directions Publications: James Laughlin (d. ). New York Public Library: Berg Collection - Director Isaac Gewirtz, Mimi Bowling, Philip Milito, John D. Stinson; Billy Rose Theatre Collection - Director Robert Taylor, Mary Ellen Rogan, Nina Schneider; Theatre on Film and Tape Archive - Betty Corwin. New York University: Fales Library and Special Collections -Ann E. Butler, William]. Levay; Tisch School oftheArts -Elaine Pinto Simon. Northwestern University, McCormick Library of Special Collections: Director R. Russell Maylone, Scott Krafft, Susan R. Lewis, Sigrid P. Perry, Allen Streicker.
The Office ofPublic Works, National Monuments Division, Dublin: William S. Cumming. Ohio State University Libraries, Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts: Director Geoffrey D. Smith, Director Robert A. Tibbetts, Elva Griffith, Keith Lazuka. Operhaus Halle: Iris Kruse. Oxford University: Bodleian Library - Colin Harris, Judith Priestman; McGowin Library, Pembroke College. Princeton University Libraries: Mudd Library, Rare Books and Special Collections - Tad Bennicoff; Rare Books and Special Collections -Annalee Pauls, Jean F. Preston, Margaret M. Sherry Rich, Don C. Skemmer. Public Records Office ofNorthern Ireland: Ian Maxwell.
Radio Tele. fis Eireann (RTE), Dublin: Brian Lynch. Random House: Jean Rose, Jo Watt. Reading University Library, Location Register of English Literary Manuscripts - David Sutton; Special Collections - Director Michael Bott, Director James A. Edwards, Verity Andrews, Rosemarie Jahans, Frances Miller, Brian Ryder. Rotunda Hospital Library, Dublin:
Aoife O'Connor. Royal Academy of Music Library, Dublin: Philip Shields. Royal College of Physicians, Dublin: Robert Mills. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland: Fiona Allen. Royal Hibernian Academy, Dublin: Aoife Corbett, Ella Wilkinson. Royal Irish Academy: Linde Lunney. Royal National Theatre: Nicola Scadding. Royal Society of Literature, London: Kathleen Cann.
Paul Sacher Stiftung, Basel: Robert Piencikowski. St. Bride Foundation Library: Rosalind Francis. St. Mary's Cathedral Galway: Noreen Ellecker.
lxvi
Acknowledgments
Sotheby's, London: Peter Beal, Sarah Cooper, Anthony W. Laywood, Sarah Markham, Tessa Milne, Bruce W. Swan. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale: Center for Dewey Studies - JoAnn Boydston; Morris Library, Special Collections Research Center - Randy Bixby, David V. Koch. Sprengel Museum, Hanover: Martina Behnert. Staatliche Galerie Moritzburg, Halle: Wolfgang Biiche. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kunstbibliothek: Bernd Evers. Staatsarchiv Aargau: Marcel Giger. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin: Roland Klein, Jutta Weber. Stadtarchiv Halle: Roland Kuhne. Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections: Sara Timby. State University of New York at Buffalo, The Poetry Collection: Director Michael Basinski, Director Robert J. Bertholf, Heike Jones, Sue Michael, Sam Slote. Syracuse University Libraries, The George Arents Research Center: Carolyn Davis, Kathleen Manwaring.
Tate Modem, Archive: Jane Ruddell. Theatre de l'Odeon, Paris: Laure Benisti. Trinity College Dublin: Secretary to TCD, Michael Gleeson; Monica Alcock, Phyllis Graham, Jean O'Hara; Library - Charles Benson, John Goodwillie, Trevor Peare; Manuscripts Department - Director Bernard Meehan, Jane Maxwell, Linda Montgomery, Stuart 6 Sean6ir.
Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Brunswick: Silke Gatenbrocker. Ulster Museum, Belfast: S. B. Kennedy. UNESCO Library, Paris: Jens Boel. Universal Edition: Elisabeth Knessl. University of California Berkeley, The Bancroft Library: Anthony Bliss, Bonnie Hardwick. University of California Davis, University Library, Department of Special Collections: Melissa Tyler. University of California Los Angeles, University Research Library: David Zeidberg. University of California San Diego, Mandeville Library: Linda Corey Claassen. University of Chicago, Regenstein Library, Special Collections Research Center: Director Alice Schreyer, Betsy Bishop, Stephen Duffy, Robert Kovitz, Daniel Meyer, Suzy Taraba, Jonathon Walters. University of Delaware Libraries, Special Collections: Director Timothy D. Murray, L. Rebecca Johnson Melvin, Jesse Rossa. University College Dublin, Special Collections: Seamus Helferty, Norma Jessop. University of Glasgow, Special Collections: Claire McKendrick, Lesley M. Richmond. University of Manchester, John Rylands Research Institute: Stella Halkyard, Peter McNiven. University of Maryland (College Park), Archives: Beth Alvarez, Naomi Van Loo. University of New Hampshire, Library: Roland Goodbody. University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, Ackland Art Museum: Anita E. Heggli. University of Notre Dame Library, Department of Special Collections: Ben Panciera. University of
lxvii
Acknowledgments
Rochester Library, Rare Books and Manuscripts: Mary M. Huth. University of Sheffield Libraries, Special Collections: J. D. Hodgson. University of Sussex, Archives: Michael Roberts. The University of Texas: Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center: Director Thomas Staley, Linda Ashton, Patrice Fox, Kathy Henderson, John Kirkpatrick, Carlton Lake (d. ), Sally Leach, Richard Oram, Maria X. Wells, Richard Workman. University of Toronto: Fisher Library - Edna Hajnal, Kathleen McMorrow; Pratt Library - Robert Brandeis, Gabbi Zaldin. University of Tulsa, The Mcfarlin Library, Special Collections: Director Sidney Huttner, Melissa Burkart, Lori N. Curtis. University of Western Ontario, Library: Meville Thompson.
Victoria and Albert Museum: The National Art Library - Nina Appleby, Alison Baber, Mark Evans, Francis Keen; The Theatre Collections at the Victoria and Albert (formerly The London Theatre Museum Archives) - Janet Birkett.
Wake Forest University, Reynolds Library: Sharon Snow. Washington University in St. Louis: Olin Library, Department of Special Collections: - Director Holly Hall (d. ), Director Anne Posega, Chatham Ewing, Sonya McDonald, Carole Prietto, Kevin Ray. Walker Art Center: Jill Veiter. Waterford County Museum: Martin Whelan.
Yale University: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library - Vincent Giroud, Kathryn James, Nancy Kuhl, Natalia Sciarini, Patricia Willis, Tim Young; Gilmore Music Library - Suzanne Eggleston Lovejoy; Sterling Memorial Library, Manuscript and Archives Department - Christine Weidemann.
ZurichJamesJoyce Foundation: Director Fritz Senn, Ruth Frehner, Ursula Zeller.
MANUSCRIPT DEALERS
The following manuscript dealers have been helpful to the research for the edition, especially for informing us of offerings and forwarding our inquiries: Antic Hay Books; Charles Apfelbaum; Blue Mountain Books and Manuscripts; Alan Clodd (d. ); Seamus DeBurca; R. A. Gekoski; Thomas A. Goldwasser; Glenn Horowitz; George J. Houle; Index Books; Joseph the Provider; Kennys; Kotte-Autographs; Maggs Bros. Ltd. ; Bertram Rota Ltd. ; Sotheby's; Swann Gallery; Steven Temple Books; Ulysses Books; Waiting for Godot Books.
! xviii
PUBLISHERS
Barney Rosset was Samuel Beckett's American publisher at Grove Press. The editors are grateful for his important contributions to modern publishing and express appreciation for his efforts as the edition's original General Editor. The editors also thank all those at Grove Press who assisted with the research, with special mention ofJudith Schmidt Douw, Fred Jordan, Richard Seaver, Astrid Myers, and John Oakes, as well as Morgan Entrekin and Eric Price at Grove/Atlantic, for their professional support of the edition in its publishing transition.
The late Jerome Lindon, Director of Les Editions de Minuit and Samuel Beckett's French publisher, was a trusted adviser to Samuel Beckett who appointed him as his Literary Executor. The editors thank Irene Lindon, Director of Les Editions de Minuit, for her cooperation.
Cambridge University Press is committed to presenting The Letters of Samuel Beckett as an edition of the literary correspondence. The editors are grateful for the confidence and support of editors Andrew Brown and Linda Bree, the fine copyediting of Leigh Mueller, the care of proof-reader Anthony Hippisley, and the assistance of Caroline Murray, Alison Powell, Maartje Scheltens, and Kevin Taylor.
Iv
Editorial procedures
Choice of translations English literary translations are provided for Beckett's foreign-language citations. Beckett nearly always read in the original language, and so choice of a translation is seldom direc ted by his reading.
Chronologies Chronologies precede each year of the letters to present an overview of the events mentioned by Beckett's letters; these include significant world events.
Profiles Biographicalprofilesofpersonswhohaveacontinuingrolein the narrative of The Letters of Samuel Beckett appear in the Appendix. Those who have a profile are indicated with an asterisk following their first reference. A profile presents a narrative of a person's life and work, with regard particularly to his or her association with Beckett. Profiles appear in the first volume of the letters in which the person becomes a figure of significance. The profiles cover the historical range of a person's association with Beckett because they will not be reprinted in subsequent volumes of the edition. Profiles are also given for certain institutions, publications, and organizations.
lvi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The family of Samuel Beckett has been welcoming as well as generous in sharing memories and documents. The editors warmly thank Edward and Felicity Beckett, Caroline and Patrick Murphy, Diana Zambonelli, Jill Babcock, and remember with gratitude Ann Beckett (d. ), John Beckett (d. ), Sheila Page (d. ), and Morris Sinclair (d. ).
FUNDING AND CONTRIBUTIONS
The Graduate School ofEmory University has generously supported the research for The Letters ofSamuel Beckett since 1990. The editing project at Emory, known as "The Correspondence of Samuel Beckett," is a labo ratory for humanities research in which graduate students in several disciplines of the humanities are engaged. Faculty and staff colleagues at Emory have unfailingly supported the edition with their knowledge and resources.
The extensive process ofgathering, organizing, and preparing docu ments and oral histories fundamental to such an edition was facilitated by major support from The National Endowment for the Humanities from 1991 to 1997. The Graduate School of Emory University contrib uted both the overhead and cost-sharing for these grants.
The research for this edition is international and cross-cultural. The Florence Gould Foundation supported the French and American part nership of this research from 1995 through 2003. The Graduate School of Emory University and The American University of Paris contributed cost-sharing. The support of the Gould Foundation helped to establish a Paris center for the research at The American University of Paris, direc ted by Associate Editor Dan Gunn; students there served as interns, conducting research in French collections.
The Mellon Foundation supported research at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center of The University of Texas at Austin
! vii
Acknowledgments
(1993-1994); the Huntington Library / British Academy Exchange Fellowship (1994-1995) supported research at the Huntington Library; the Helm Fellowship supported research at the Lilly Library, Indiana University (1997-1998, 2002-2003). The Rockefeller Foundation enabled the editorial team to meet at its Bellagio Study Center, Italy (2004-2005), to work together on the first two of the edition's four volumes.
The Cultural Division of the Department of European Affairs of Ireland has undertaken the distribution of copies of each of the four volumes of The Letters ofSamuel Beckett to universities and public libraries overseas and those operated through the Irish Diplomatic Missions abroad. We appreciate the support of Noel Treacy TD, former Minister for European Affairs, for making possible this tribute to Samuel Beckett's Irish legacy.
Without the continuing and substantial contributions of Emory Professors Alice N. Benston and George J. Benston (d. ), the project to edit The Letters of Samuel Beckett would not have gone forward. Their belief in the centrality of literature and the arts in an educated life, their intellectual mentorship and, especially, their personal encourage ment and friendship have been an immeasurable gift.
We are grateful for the efforts ofJoseph Beck of Kilpatrick Stockton LLP, who has been a steadfast adviser providing pro bono assistance to the edition in the area of copyright law. His thoroughness, expertise, and capacious understanding guided the editors; his personal support has been unbounded. We also thank Pam Mallari of Kilpatrick Stockton LLP for her pro bono services.
The editors greatly appreciate the generous in-kind contributions of the following persons: Mimi Bean, Brenda Bynum, R. Cary Bynum, Carainn Childers, Maydelle and Sam Fason, Neil Garvin, Barbara Gruninger, David Hesla, Jacob Hovind, Nori Howard-Butot, Alexandra Mettler, Breon Mitchell, Maria Chan Morgan, James Overbeck, Eduardo Paguaga, Lynn Todd-Crawford, Colette and Denis Weaire, and Gerald Weales.
The edition has been the beneficiary of gifts from individual donors, all of whom have additionally enriched this endeavor with their con tinuing interest: Laura Barlament, Jean B. Bergmark, Brenda and R. Cary Bynum, Claydean Cameron, Hilary Pyle Carey, Brian Cliff, Mary Evans Comstock, Judith Schmidt Douw, Jennifer Jeffers, Louis LeBroquy and
lviii
Acknowledgments
Ann Madden, Victoria R. Orlowski, and Frances L. Padgett in honor of Brenda Bynum.
EMORY UNIVERSITY
The vision and support of the Deans of the Graduate School have
brought the edition to fruition; the editors especially thank George Jones, Alice N. Benston, and Eleanor Main(d. ), who made the edition's affiliation with Emory possible, and subsequent Deans Donald G. Stein, Robert Paul, and Lisa Tedesco, who continued this support. The editors also thank Vice Provost of International Affairs Holli Semetko for con
tributions to the international research for the edition.
The Advisory Board at Emory University includes Alice N. Benston, Ronald Schuchard, Maximilian Aue, Geoffrey Bennington, and Sandra Still. The editors wish to recognize them and the contributions of other Emory faculty colleagues: Matthew Bernstein, Philippe Bonnefis, Thomas Burns, Brenda Bynum, David A. Cook, Michael Evenden, Steve Everett, William Gruber, Josue Harari, David Hesla, Geraldine Higgins, Peter H6yng, Dalia Judovitz, Judith Miller, Clark V. Poling,
Donald Verene, andJ. HarveyYoung(d. ).
Emory University Libraries have been at the heart of the research for
the edition: The Woodruff Library - Directors Joan Gotwals, Linda Matthews, and Richard Luce, and Librarians Rachel Borchardt, Lloyd Busch,Joyce Clinkscales, Margaret Ellingson, Erika Farr, Kristin Gager, Marie Hansen, Erin Mooney, Anne Nicolson, Eric Nitschke, Marie Nitschke, Elizabeth Patterson, Chuck Spornick, Sandra Still, Ann Vidor, Elaine Wagner, Sarah Ward, Erik Wendt, and Gayle Williams; The Manuscript and Rare Book Library(MARBL) - Director Stephen Enniss, Teresa Burk, Ginger Cain, David Faulds, Naomi Nelson, Ellen Nemhauser, Elizabeth Russey, Kathy Shoemaker, and Donna Bradley; the staff of The ECIT center; The Michael C. Carlos Museum - Catherine Howett Smith; Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library - Director Carol Burns, Barbara Abu-Leid, and Erin Busch.
The dedicated support team in the Beckett Project office over the years has managed the varied demands ofthe edition superbly: Amanda R. Baker, Daphne Demetry, Julia Getman, Courtney King, Suzanne Powell, Molly Stevens, and especially Lynn Todd-Crawford. The editors appreciate the assistance of Rosemary Hynes and Geri Thomas in the
! ix
Acknowledgments
Graduate School, as well as the services of members of the Emory technical support staff: Adolf von Baden-Wiirttemberg, Mahbuba Ferdousi, Wei Ming Lu, and Laura Pokalsky.
Emory University Graduate Fellows have served the research of the project with diligence and creativity: Adrienne Angelo, Levin Arnsperger, Jeffrey Baggett, Laura Barlament, Jenny Davis Barnett, Andre BenhalIIl, Patrick Bixby, Karen Brown-Wheeler, Brooke Campbell, Lauren Cardon, Miriam Chirico, Brian Cliff, Curtis Cordell, Kathryn Crowther, Brian Croxall, Anthony J. Cuda, Anna Engle, John Fitzgerald, Christian Paul Holland, Jacob Hovind, Jennifer Jeffers, Michael Johnson, Jason Jones, Margaret Koehler, Paul Linden, Dominic Mastroianni, Martha Henn McCormick, Michelle Miles, Jennifer Poulos Nesbitt, Eduardo Paguaga, John Peck, Ralph Schoolcraft, Petra Schweitzer, Jennifer Svienty, Melissa Thurmond, Derval Tubridy, Kerry Higgins Wendt, Patrick Wheeler, and Julia McElhattan Williams.
Emory University Undergraduate Assistants have been effective and energetic in their work with the project: Margaret Anello, Amanda Barnett, Maiben Beard, Jonah Bea-Taylor, Shanta! Chan-Friday, Rebecca Conner, Daphne Demetry, Kirsten Dorsche, Natasha Farquharson, Neil Garvin, Jessica Gearing, Julia Hendricks, Lisa Hutchinson, Erin Igney, Danielle Kuczkowski, Josh Millard, Toure Neblett, Alina Opreanu, Victoria Orlowski, Sarah Osier, Jason Rayles, Amanda Robinson, Brian Serafin, Danielle Sered, Emily Shin, Hannah Shin, John Southnard, Shannon Weary, Amanda Wilburn, and Ashley Woo.
THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF PARIS
Initiated with the award of a grant from the Florence Gould Foundation, the edition's partnership with The American University of Paris has included faculty, staff, and students. The editors appreciate the assis tance and support of Presidents Lee Huebner, Michael Simpson, and Gerardo della Paolera; Deans William Cipolla, Andrea Leskes, Michael Vincent, and Celeste Schenck; faculty - Christine Baltay, Geoffrey Gilbert, Richard Pevear, Roy Rosenstein, and University Librarians Toby Stone and Jorge Sosa Ortega, as well as the assistance of William Gatsby, Beatrice Laplante, Brenda Tomey, and Karen Wagner.
AUP student interns: Amy Christine Allen, Lauren Anderson, Isolde Barker-Mill, Maranda Barnes, Susan Bell, Mischa Benoit-Lavelle, David
Ix
Bornstein, Brian Brazeau, Chrislaine Brito-Medina, Zachary Brown, Sarah Champa, Christina Chua, Laura Cook, Alessandra Cortez, Lisa Damon, Lindsay Franta, Natalie Frederick, Mia Genoni, Delphine Henri, Eric Hess, Laura Kaiserman, Alkmini Karakosta, Jennifer Kerns, Anthony Kraus, Caroline Laurent, Jennifer Laurent, Eugene Manning, Caroline Markunas, Ivy Mills, Candace Montout, Disa Ohlsson, Caleb Pagliasotti, Marta Lee Perriard, David Pollack, Jennifer Scanlon, Pamela Schleimer, Nils Schott, Jonathan Scott, Avra Spector, Jan Steyn, Alix Strickland, Leigh Thomas, Geoffrey Thompson, Gina Tory, Ulrike Trux, Todd Tyree, Christian West, Eugenia Wilbrenninck, Alison M. Williams, and April Wuensch.
ADVISORY TEAM
A number of colleagues have served the edition in an informal but important advisory capacity. The editors convey warm appreciation for their scholarship, counsel, and wisdom: Walter Asmus, Alice N. Benston, George J. Benston (d. ) Brenda Bynum, Ruby Cohn, David Hesla, James Knowlson, Gerard Lawless, Breon Mitchell, Mark Nixon, Catherine Putman, Hilary Pyle, Roswitha Quadflieg, Ann Saddlemyer, Susan Schreibman, Ronald Schuchard, Carolyn Swift (d. ), James White (d. ), Katherine Worth, and Barbara Wright.
For their insight and assistance with the research for Volume I of The Letters ofSamuel Beckett, the editors wish to thank the following persons: H. Porter Abbott, Mary Manning Howe Adams (d. ), Klaus Albrecht, Avigdor Arikha, Anne Atik, Gunter Aust. Ellie Balson, Iain Banks, William H. Baskin, Marcus Beale, Jean-Paul Beau, Georges Belmont, Helmut Berthald, Mrs. Wilfred Ruprecht Bion, Therese Birkenhauer (d. ), Uli Bohnen, Gerard Bourke SJ, Nicola Gordon Bowe, Patricia Boylan, Enoch Brater, Barbara Bray, Robert I. Brown (d. ), Terence Brown, Christopher Buckland-Wright, G. H. Burrows (d. ) Gottfried Buttner, Marie Renate Buttner. John Calder, William Camfield, David E. Cartwright, Mary Ann Caws, John Charlton (d. ), Carainn Childers, Louise Cleveland, Lisa Bernadette Coen, Brian Coffey (d. ), Bridget Coffey (d. ), John Coffey, Ann Colcord, Sally Hone Cooke-Smith (d. ), Anne Corbett, John Corcoran, Liam Costello, Jean Coulomb (d. ), Nick Coulson, Thomas Cousinau, Sharon Cowling, Gareth Cox, Ann Cremin, Anthony Cronin, William Cunningham (d. ).
lxi
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Norris Davidson, Gerald Davis, Maria Davis-Obolensky, Emile Delavenay (d. ), Morgan Dockrell, Philippe and Michelle Douay, Gerry Dukes. Valerie Eliot, Maude Ellmann, Richard Ellmann (d. ). Margaret Farrington, Raymond Federman, Sally Fitzgerald (d. ), John Fletcher, M. R. D. Foot, Pierre Fourcaud, Wallace Fowlie (d. ), Patricia Frere Reeves (d. ), Erika Friedman, Everett Frost. Bridget Ganly (d. ), Padraic Gilligan, Gilles Glacet, Stanley Gontarski, Michael Gorman, John Graham, Greene's Book Shop, Nicholas Grene, Margaret Grimm, William E. Groves, Barbara Gruninger, James H. Guilford (d. ).
Michael Haerdter, Anthony Harding, Clive Hart, Lawrence Harvey (d. ), Ada Haylor (d. ), Odile Helier, Jocelyn Herbert (d. ), Phillip Herring, John Herrington, Michael Hertslet, Ian Higgins, Arthur Hillis (d. ), David Hone, Oliver Hone, Fanny Howe, Susan Howe, Tina Howe, Werner Huber, Alice Hudgens, John Michael Hudtwalcker, Liza Hutchinson. Randall Ivy. Brendon Jacobs (d. ), Michael Jacobs, Thomas Jenkins, Robert Joesting, Harry Johnson, Ann and Jeremy Johnston, Tina Johnston, Bettina Jonie, Stephen Joyce. Marek Kedzierski, Ernest Keegan (d. ), Eileen Kelly, John Kelly, Ben Kiely, Naum Kleiman, Margret Klinge, Elizabeth Knowlson, Charles Krance. Nigel Leask, Pierre Leber, Alex Leon, Roger Little, Mark Littman, Carla Locatelli, Herbert Lottman, Cyril Lucas, John Luce, Vanda and Jeremy Lucke, Bridget Lunn.
Bill McBride, Brian McGing, Barry McGovern, Dougald McMillan (d. ), Franz Michael Maier, Alain Malraux, John Manning (d. ), James Mays, Daniel Medin, Winrich Meiszies, Vivian Mercier (d. ), Gunter Metken (d. ), Anna-Louise Milne, Ruth Morse, Dame Iris Murdoch (d. ). Maurice Nadeau, Robert Nicholson, Robert Niklaus, Kevin Nolan, Ian Norrie, Marian von Nostitz. Fergus O'Donoghue SJ, Patrick O'Dwyer, Annick O'Meara, Christine O'Neil, Cathal O'Shannon, Prince Alexis N. Obolensky (d. ), Serge S. Obolensky, Hugh Oram. Marjorie Perloff, Alexis Peron, Michel Peron, Lino Pertile, Alastair Pringle. Jean-Michel Rabate, Lord Rathdonnell, Claude Rawson, Yvonne Redmond, Christopher Ricks, Bob Ritchie, Philip Roberts, Rachel Roberts, Anthony Rota, Elizabeth Ryan (d. ), Robert Ryan.
Claude and Zoubeida Salzman, Elliseva Sayers, Pierre Schneider, Natalie Sheehan, Andree Sheehy-Skeffington (d. ), Philip Shields, Marc Silver, Anne Simonin, Seymour Slive, Colin Smythe, Michael Solomons, G. P. Solomos, Elizabeth Curran Solterer (d. ), Helen Solterer, Sandra Spanier, Dame Natasha Spender, Arvid Sponberg, Emily Stanton, Lady
lxii
Staples, James Steffen, Diana Childers Stewart, Gerald Pakenham Stewart (d. ), Marion Stocking, Elisabeth Stockton (d. ), John Stone III, Claire Stoullig, Francis Stuart (d. ). Sheila Harvey Tanzer, Dan Thompson, Deborah Thompson, Jeremy Thompson, Piers Thompson, Toby Thompson, Ursula Thompson (d. ), Erika Tophoven, C. H. Trench (d. ), MichaelJay Tucker. Helen Vendler,John Vice, Srdjan Vujic. Joachim
Heusinger von Waldegg, Mervyn Wall (d. ), David Wheatley, Thomas Whitehead, Clara Wisdom, Anne Leventhal Woolfson (d. ). Anne Yeats (d. ), Michael Yeats (d. ).
Contributions that pertain primarily to later volumes of the edition are accordingly acknowledged there.
LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES
Scholars, librarians, and archivists have developed valuable collections and have broadened our access to them with electronic catalogues, on line finding aids, databases, and textbases. In particular, we wish to thank James Knowlson for his vision in establishing the Beckett International Foundation at Reading University, a central archive of the papers of Samuel Beckett, and for fostering collaboration among Beckett scholars internationally; we also thank Mary Bryden, Ronan McDonald, Anna McMullan, Mark Nixon, John Pilling, and Julian Garforth for their valued collegial assistance.
The editors acknowledge with gratitude the knowledgeable col leagues in libraries, archives, museums, and other offices of record who have assisted them with queries.
Aargauer Kunsthaus: Corinne Sotzek. The Admiralty, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London: Gervaise Cowell (d. ). Akademie der Bildenden Kunste Munchen, Archiv und Sammlungen: Birgit Joos. American Library Association: Renee Prestegard. Archives of American Art: Susan Marcott, Judy Throm. Art Gallery of Ontario, E. P. Taylor Research Library and Archives: Kathleen McLean. Art Institute of Chicago Library: Susan Goldweski, Mary K. Woolever.
Bank of Ireland: Eamon MacThomas. Eduard-Bargheer-Haus, Hamburg: Dirk Justus, Peter Zilze. Barnard College Archives: Donald Glassman. Bayerische Staatsgemiildesamm! ungen, Munich: Helge Siefert. BBC Sound Archives: Gosta Johansson. BBC Written Archives: John Jordan, Jacqueline Kavanagh, Erin O'Neill, Julie Snelling, Tracy Weston. Bibliotheque
lxiii
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Publique d'Information Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris. Bibliotheque Polonaise, Paris. Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve, Paris. La Biennale Di Venezia Archive: Daniela Ducceschi. Boston College, John J. Burns Library of Rare Books and Special Collections Library: Director Robert O'Neill, John Atteberry, Shelley Barber, Amy Braitsch, David E. Horn, Susan Rainville. Boston University, Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center: Director Howard Gotlieb, Margaret Goostray, Christopher Noble, Sean Noel, Alexander Rankin, Kim Sulik. British Film Institute: Janet Moat, Wilf Stevenson. British Institute of Florence, Harold Acton Library: Alyson Price. British Library: Nicholas Barker, John Barr, Sally Brown, Christopher Fletcher, Andrew Levett, Alice Prochaska, Rupert Ridgewell; Newspapers, Colindale- Stewart Gilles; Oriental and India Office Collections, APAC - Dorian Leveque. The British Museum: Christopher Denvir. Galerie Jeanne-Bucher, Paris.
Cambridge University: University Library - Peter M. Meadows; Trinity College Library- Diana Chardin. Campbell College, Belfast: Keith Haines. Columbia University, Butler Library, Rare Books and Manuscripts: Director Jean Ashton, Director Bernard Crystal, Tara C. Craig, Jennifer Lee. Cornell University: John M.
Olin Library, Department of Rare Books- David R. Block; Fiske Collections, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections - Patrick J. Stevens. Courtauld Institute of Art: Julia Blanks, Barbara Hilton-Smith, Sue Price, Ernst Vegelin.
Dartmouth College, Rauner Special Collections Library: Director Philip Cronenwett, Director Jay Satterfield, Joshua Berger, Stephanie Gibbs, Sarah I. Hartwell. Department of Foreign Affairs, Dublin: Bernadette Chambers. DePau! University, Richardson Library: Joan M. Mitchanis. Deutsches Literatur Archiv, Schiller National Museum, Marbach: Ute Doster, Gunther Nickel, Jutta Reusch. The Dictionary of Irish Biography: James McGuire. Dresden Kunsthalle: Martin Roth. Dublin City Archives: Mary Clark Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane: Director Barbara Dawson, Patrick Casey, Liz Forster, Joanna Shepard. Dublin Writers Museum: Esther O'Hanlon.
Eastman School ofMusic, Sibley Music Library: Jim Farrington. Feis Ceoil, Dublin: Ita Beausang, Maeve Madden. Fondation Maeght, St. Paul de-Vence: Annette Pond. Ford Foundation: Alan Divack, Jonathan Green.
Association Les Amis de Jeanne et Otto Freundlich: Edda Maillet. Frick Museum Library: Lydia Dufore, Sue Massen.
Georgetown University Libraries: Nicholas B. Sheetz. Germanisches Nationalmuseum Numberg: lflrike Heinrichs-Schreiber. Global Village:
lxiv
Acknowledgments
John Reilly. The Goethe Institut (now Goethe-Zentrnm), Atlanta: Michael Nentwich, Gusti Stewart. Grolier Club Library: J. Fernando Peiia. The Peggy Guggenheim Museum, Florence: Phillip Rylands.
Hamburg University: Hans Wilhelm Eckardt, Eckart Krause. Hamburger Kunsthalle: Director Helmut R. Leppien (d. ), Ute Haug, Ulrich Luckhardt, Matthias Miihling, Uwe M. Schneed, Annemarie Stefes. Handel-Haus Library, Halle: Gotz Traxdorf. Harvard University: Countaway Library of Medicine - Julia Whelan; Fogg Art Museum - Lizzy Bamhorst, Sarah Kianovsky; Harvard Theatre Collection - Annette Fern, Fredric Woodbridge Wilson; Houghton Library - Michael Dumas, Elizabeth Falsey, Susan Halpert. Hiroshima Museum of Art: Y. Furutani. The Huntington Library: Sara S. Hodson. Leonard Hutton Galleries: Shary Grossman.
Illustrated London News: Richard Pitkin. Indiana University, The Lilly Library: Director Lisa Browar, Director Breon Mitchell, William Cagle, Saundra Taylor. Institut memoires de ! 'edition contemporaine (IMEC), Paris Caen: Director Olivier Corpet, Andre Derval, Albert Dichy, Nathalie Leger, Martine Ollion. Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt: Wilhelm Schluter. Inverclyde Libraries, James Watt Library, Greenock, Scotland: Betty Hendry, Rebecca McKellar. Irish Copyright Licensing Agency: Jorid Lindberg. Irish Jewish Genealogical Society and Family History Centre of the Irish Jewish Museum, Dublin: Stuart Rosenblatt.
Kent State University Libraries: Kathleen Martin, Stephanie Wachalec. Kingston University: Anne Rowe, Jane Ruddell. Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm: Anders Burius. Kunstmuseum Basel: Christian Selz.
Law Society ofIreland: Linda Dolan. Leeds University Library: Christopher Sheppard. Leibniz-Archiv, Hanover: Herbert Breger. Library of Congress, Department of Manuscripts, Washington, DC: Alice Love Birney,
Jeffrey M. Flannery. Linen Hall Library, Belfast: Gerry Healey. London Transport Museum Library: Helen Kent.
McMaster University, Mills Memorial Library: Jane Boyko, Eden Jenkins, Carl Spadoni, Charlotte A. Stewart-Murphy. Middle Temple Library, London: Stuart Adams. Munch Museum, Oslo: Gerd Woll. Museum Ludwig, Cologne: Ulrich Tillman. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Museum of Modern Art, Oxford: David Elliot, Pamela Ferris.
National Archives, Washington, DC: John E. Taylor. National Archives of Ireland: David Craig, Catriona Crowe, Aideen Ireland, Tom Quinlan. National College ofArt and Design, Dublin: Alice Clarke. National
! xv
Acknowledgments
Gallery of Art, Washington, DC: Anne Halpern. National Gallery of Ireland: Leah Benson, Marie Burke, Niamh MacNally, Ann M. Stewart. National Gallery London, Libraries and Archive Department: Flavia Dietrich-England, Jacqueline Mccomish; New Media: Charlotte Sexton. National Irish Visual Arts Library: Ciara Healy, Donna Romano. National Library of Ireland: Director Patricia Donlon, Catherine Fahy, Patrick Hawes, Elizabeth M. Kirwan, Noel Kissane, Gerard Lyne. New Directions Publications: James Laughlin (d. ). New York Public Library: Berg Collection - Director Isaac Gewirtz, Mimi Bowling, Philip Milito, John D. Stinson; Billy Rose Theatre Collection - Director Robert Taylor, Mary Ellen Rogan, Nina Schneider; Theatre on Film and Tape Archive - Betty Corwin. New York University: Fales Library and Special Collections -Ann E. Butler, William]. Levay; Tisch School oftheArts -Elaine Pinto Simon. Northwestern University, McCormick Library of Special Collections: Director R. Russell Maylone, Scott Krafft, Susan R. Lewis, Sigrid P. Perry, Allen Streicker.
The Office ofPublic Works, National Monuments Division, Dublin: William S. Cumming. Ohio State University Libraries, Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts: Director Geoffrey D. Smith, Director Robert A. Tibbetts, Elva Griffith, Keith Lazuka. Operhaus Halle: Iris Kruse. Oxford University: Bodleian Library - Colin Harris, Judith Priestman; McGowin Library, Pembroke College. Princeton University Libraries: Mudd Library, Rare Books and Special Collections - Tad Bennicoff; Rare Books and Special Collections -Annalee Pauls, Jean F. Preston, Margaret M. Sherry Rich, Don C. Skemmer. Public Records Office ofNorthern Ireland: Ian Maxwell.
Radio Tele. fis Eireann (RTE), Dublin: Brian Lynch. Random House: Jean Rose, Jo Watt. Reading University Library, Location Register of English Literary Manuscripts - David Sutton; Special Collections - Director Michael Bott, Director James A. Edwards, Verity Andrews, Rosemarie Jahans, Frances Miller, Brian Ryder. Rotunda Hospital Library, Dublin:
Aoife O'Connor. Royal Academy of Music Library, Dublin: Philip Shields. Royal College of Physicians, Dublin: Robert Mills. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland: Fiona Allen. Royal Hibernian Academy, Dublin: Aoife Corbett, Ella Wilkinson. Royal Irish Academy: Linde Lunney. Royal National Theatre: Nicola Scadding. Royal Society of Literature, London: Kathleen Cann.
Paul Sacher Stiftung, Basel: Robert Piencikowski. St. Bride Foundation Library: Rosalind Francis. St. Mary's Cathedral Galway: Noreen Ellecker.
lxvi
Acknowledgments
Sotheby's, London: Peter Beal, Sarah Cooper, Anthony W. Laywood, Sarah Markham, Tessa Milne, Bruce W. Swan. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale: Center for Dewey Studies - JoAnn Boydston; Morris Library, Special Collections Research Center - Randy Bixby, David V. Koch. Sprengel Museum, Hanover: Martina Behnert. Staatliche Galerie Moritzburg, Halle: Wolfgang Biiche. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kunstbibliothek: Bernd Evers. Staatsarchiv Aargau: Marcel Giger. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin: Roland Klein, Jutta Weber. Stadtarchiv Halle: Roland Kuhne. Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections: Sara Timby. State University of New York at Buffalo, The Poetry Collection: Director Michael Basinski, Director Robert J. Bertholf, Heike Jones, Sue Michael, Sam Slote. Syracuse University Libraries, The George Arents Research Center: Carolyn Davis, Kathleen Manwaring.
Tate Modem, Archive: Jane Ruddell. Theatre de l'Odeon, Paris: Laure Benisti. Trinity College Dublin: Secretary to TCD, Michael Gleeson; Monica Alcock, Phyllis Graham, Jean O'Hara; Library - Charles Benson, John Goodwillie, Trevor Peare; Manuscripts Department - Director Bernard Meehan, Jane Maxwell, Linda Montgomery, Stuart 6 Sean6ir.
Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Brunswick: Silke Gatenbrocker. Ulster Museum, Belfast: S. B. Kennedy. UNESCO Library, Paris: Jens Boel. Universal Edition: Elisabeth Knessl. University of California Berkeley, The Bancroft Library: Anthony Bliss, Bonnie Hardwick. University of California Davis, University Library, Department of Special Collections: Melissa Tyler. University of California Los Angeles, University Research Library: David Zeidberg. University of California San Diego, Mandeville Library: Linda Corey Claassen. University of Chicago, Regenstein Library, Special Collections Research Center: Director Alice Schreyer, Betsy Bishop, Stephen Duffy, Robert Kovitz, Daniel Meyer, Suzy Taraba, Jonathon Walters. University of Delaware Libraries, Special Collections: Director Timothy D. Murray, L. Rebecca Johnson Melvin, Jesse Rossa. University College Dublin, Special Collections: Seamus Helferty, Norma Jessop. University of Glasgow, Special Collections: Claire McKendrick, Lesley M. Richmond. University of Manchester, John Rylands Research Institute: Stella Halkyard, Peter McNiven. University of Maryland (College Park), Archives: Beth Alvarez, Naomi Van Loo. University of New Hampshire, Library: Roland Goodbody. University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, Ackland Art Museum: Anita E. Heggli. University of Notre Dame Library, Department of Special Collections: Ben Panciera. University of
lxvii
Acknowledgments
Rochester Library, Rare Books and Manuscripts: Mary M. Huth. University of Sheffield Libraries, Special Collections: J. D. Hodgson. University of Sussex, Archives: Michael Roberts. The University of Texas: Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center: Director Thomas Staley, Linda Ashton, Patrice Fox, Kathy Henderson, John Kirkpatrick, Carlton Lake (d. ), Sally Leach, Richard Oram, Maria X. Wells, Richard Workman. University of Toronto: Fisher Library - Edna Hajnal, Kathleen McMorrow; Pratt Library - Robert Brandeis, Gabbi Zaldin. University of Tulsa, The Mcfarlin Library, Special Collections: Director Sidney Huttner, Melissa Burkart, Lori N. Curtis. University of Western Ontario, Library: Meville Thompson.
Victoria and Albert Museum: The National Art Library - Nina Appleby, Alison Baber, Mark Evans, Francis Keen; The Theatre Collections at the Victoria and Albert (formerly The London Theatre Museum Archives) - Janet Birkett.
Wake Forest University, Reynolds Library: Sharon Snow. Washington University in St. Louis: Olin Library, Department of Special Collections: - Director Holly Hall (d. ), Director Anne Posega, Chatham Ewing, Sonya McDonald, Carole Prietto, Kevin Ray. Walker Art Center: Jill Veiter. Waterford County Museum: Martin Whelan.
Yale University: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library - Vincent Giroud, Kathryn James, Nancy Kuhl, Natalia Sciarini, Patricia Willis, Tim Young; Gilmore Music Library - Suzanne Eggleston Lovejoy; Sterling Memorial Library, Manuscript and Archives Department - Christine Weidemann.
ZurichJamesJoyce Foundation: Director Fritz Senn, Ruth Frehner, Ursula Zeller.
MANUSCRIPT DEALERS
The following manuscript dealers have been helpful to the research for the edition, especially for informing us of offerings and forwarding our inquiries: Antic Hay Books; Charles Apfelbaum; Blue Mountain Books and Manuscripts; Alan Clodd (d. ); Seamus DeBurca; R. A. Gekoski; Thomas A. Goldwasser; Glenn Horowitz; George J. Houle; Index Books; Joseph the Provider; Kennys; Kotte-Autographs; Maggs Bros. Ltd. ; Bertram Rota Ltd. ; Sotheby's; Swann Gallery; Steven Temple Books; Ulysses Books; Waiting for Godot Books.
! xviii
PUBLISHERS
Barney Rosset was Samuel Beckett's American publisher at Grove Press. The editors are grateful for his important contributions to modern publishing and express appreciation for his efforts as the edition's original General Editor. The editors also thank all those at Grove Press who assisted with the research, with special mention ofJudith Schmidt Douw, Fred Jordan, Richard Seaver, Astrid Myers, and John Oakes, as well as Morgan Entrekin and Eric Price at Grove/Atlantic, for their professional support of the edition in its publishing transition.
The late Jerome Lindon, Director of Les Editions de Minuit and Samuel Beckett's French publisher, was a trusted adviser to Samuel Beckett who appointed him as his Literary Executor. The editors thank Irene Lindon, Director of Les Editions de Minuit, for her cooperation.
Cambridge University Press is committed to presenting The Letters of Samuel Beckett as an edition of the literary correspondence. The editors are grateful for the confidence and support of editors Andrew Brown and Linda Bree, the fine copyediting of Leigh Mueller, the care of proof-reader Anthony Hippisley, and the assistance of Caroline Murray, Alison Powell, Maartje Scheltens, and Kevin Taylor.
