no clue, from which a
satisfactory
conclusion may be drawn.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
The Rev.
Dr.
Lanigan can
hardly believe, that Kilfenora had not a Fachnan or Fachtna of its own.
2
Among the real or pretended disciples of St. Barr, we find, besides Fachnan
of Ross, a St. Fachna seu Facundus de Ria. 3 These are related to have been distinct persons j* and, it cannot be doubted, that the latter existed in olden
times, probably in the seventh century. s Yet, nothing more particular appears to be known about St. Fachna de Ria. The origin of Kilfenora See is also buried in obscurity ; and, our Annals are silent regarding its early prelates. In the Book of Valuations of the Apostolic —Chamber, compiled by Centius Camerarius—afterwards Pope Honorius III. it is styled Celluma- brach, recte Cill-Fionnabhrach. 6 In the distribution of the ancient Irish Bishoprics,madebyCardinalPaparoin 1152,thiswasassignedasasuffragan See to the Archbishopric of Cashel ; but, since the Restoration of King Charles II. , it has been annexed to the ecclesiastical Province of Tuam. ? This diocese comprehends only the Baronies of Corcomroe and Burren, which are in the north -western division in the County of Clare. The former city or town of Kilfenora has now dwindled into an insignificant village. It is situated in the present barony of Corcomroe, and as the cathedral had been dedicated to St. Fachnan, so he is generally deemed to have been its first
*
Article ii. — Thus the Rev. Dr. Ria; S. Facundus de Ros-alither. De S.
"
also a house in Darinis. Why not mention, likewise, Kilfenora, had he been there ?
especially as it became an episcopal See. It may be said, that Fachnan wa^revered there not as founder of the See, but as the saint in whose name the church was dedicated, long perhaps —before there was any bishop of Kil- fenora. " "Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, iv. , n. 51, pp. 196, 197.
8
His feast occurs at the 25th of Septem- ber, where his Acts may be found, in the Ninth Volume of this work, Art. i.
That Fachnan of Ross did not found that See, or even a monastery there, is evident from its not being men- tioned in the Calendars, when treating of him, notwithstanding the care taken not to
Garvano Abbate, p. 750.
* The latter is alluded to in Ussher's
Lanigan argues :
Why may we not suppose, that he was the omit that, besides Ross, he had governed founder of Kilfenora ? Its very name seems
from a photograph, presents an interior 3 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- view of Kilfenora church, and it has been
nioe," at the 26th of March, where among
the disciples of St. Barr or Finnbar, we find
drawn on the wood by William F. Wake-
man. The engraving is by Mrs. Millard. ,
9 See James Frazer's "Handbook for
enumerated,
"
S. Fachna seu Facundus de
"
'*
Primordia," cap. xvi. , p. 791.
5 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan asks and adds :
to lead to this conclusion, Fachnan is often called Fechnan. Kilfenora is a compound name, thus probably formed ; Kil-fen (a contraction—of Fechnan)—o de, or from Ra, or Ria. "
and n. 51, pp. 196, 197. — 6
" Ecclesiastical of History
Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, iv. , p. 194,
Ibid.
This is the name it bears, in our Irish
Annals,
7 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
"
Bishops of
Kilfenoragh," p. 622.
8 The accompanying illustration, taken
198
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 14.
founder. rensis.
The church was called Fenabore, and this is Latinized Finabo- The Bishop of this See was also called the Bishop of Corcomroe. The place is undoubt- edly one of high anti-
Interior of Kilfenora Cathedral.
ture stood on the site of one having a much earlier date ; and that it served for the purposes of the former Diocesan Cathedral seems to be established, since it still remains within the ancient cemetery, now enclosed with a good stone wall. As the definite information about Fachananus is wanting, so the exactyearofthissaint'sdeathisnotknown. Itwouldappear,however,that he lived, at least until the close of the sixth century. This is proved from the following circumstances, if these particulars have a special reference to him. Our saint, it is assumed, must have been alive, in the year 587, as the Irish
10
Annalsstate,thatColman, sonofFearadhach,chiefofOssory,diedinthe
year 60 1. " Now, Fachannan is said to have lived fourteen years prior to
the death of this prince. We are told, in the Lifeaof St. Pulcherius,TM that 11
on a certain occasion, Colman, * prince of Ossory, * chased a fugitive and
Travellers in Ireland," Route No. 74, p. 385.
10
According tothe copyof ColganVTrias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Columbsc. n. 46, p. 375, with Roderick O'Flaherty's MS. note appended. This copy at present belongs
Volume of this work, at the 13th of March, the date for his feast, Art. i.
13 He was father to the celebrated Scanlan, prince of Ossory, who reigned over that principality, for more than thirty years. See Adamnan's "Vita S. Columbse," lib. i. , cap. xi. —
14 The Mac Gillaphadreig anglice Fitz- patrick—family claims descent from Cinn-
to the Dublin Society's Library. 11 "
See Dr. O'Donovan's Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 230, 231.
" See an "account of him in the Third
quity, and at present
interesting ruins of a former cathedral church
8
According to some accounts,9these ruins are portions of an ancient Abbey that stood here, before both the town and abbey had been burned by Murrough O'Brien, in 1055. A considerable part of the walls still exists while a circu-
;
larly-headed and triplet
window, and within
those fine ecclesiastical
ruins, its mullions are
well preserved. This
strikingarchitectural fea- ture is deeply recessed
in a framing of moulded chamfers. Several old tombs and many with
inscriptions are to be met with, in the interior of the church. There can hardly be a doubt, thatthis mediae valstruc-
are there.
August 14] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 199
an enemy, named Finanus, to St. Pulcherius' monastery, where refuge was
sought. There Colman violated the right of sanctuary, by searching every building in connection with it, so that he might slay that adversary. Where-
"
petitions to God ; two of these have been denied, but the third request has
been granted. The first petition was for a speedy'. death ; yet, the Almighty has been pleased to grant you, through St. Fachannan,*s a life of fourteen years not expired. The second petition was, that you should not obtain heaven l6
; yet, on account of St. Kainichus, ? eternal life will be granted you. The third petition was—and the Lord has assented at present to it—that before the end of this month, you may be banished from your kingdom. " On hear- ing these words pronounced, the chieftain repented. He presented offerings
upon, St. Pulcherius said to the prince :
I have preferred against you three
1
to God and to St. Pulcherius. The latter then said to him
:
" You shall be
deprived of your rule, and scarce escape with life, still, as you have many
holy men friendly to you, in three days your sway shall be recovered, and
my friend St. Canicus, now an old man, shall assist you in all matters. " Filled
with joy, the prince retired, after hearing this prophetic declaration. He also
received a blessing from St. Pulcherius. 18 It is thought '9 this latter saint
could scarcely have founded his monastery, before a. d. 580. On such data^
we find St. Fachannan alive, after this period. In the Third Index of
Colgan's work,20 there is a distinction drawn between the Fachnan here
spoken of and the Fachnan of Ross, mentioned in a former part of the Life
21 nor indeed is it
in the chapter of accidents, that two different saints, bearing so exceptionally similar and scarce a name in our Calendars, and whose festivals fall on the
same day, can be regarded, moreover, as existing contemporaries. That some early monastic establishment had been here located seems to be certain,
although we cannot discover the name of the founder nor the date for its foundation. It was probably one of those peculiarly constructed Irish
religious institutes, comprising a group of cells, in close proximity with the church. We can only learn, that in the year 1055, the Abbey and town of Kilfenora were burned, by Murrough O'Brien,22 as we glean from the Annals of Munster. It is only in the thirteenth century that we have any accounts
of St. Pulcherius this does not seem ; yet,
probable,
likely,
ofthe
who
23 nowa inthe suffragan one,
overthis
designated Fachtna Eps, of Uachongbhail, Reidbaircend, and he was vene- rated on^the 19th of January. The festival of the other Fachtna o Chraebhaig is set down at the 3rd of March. 24 Neither of these appears to have been identical with St. Fachannan, patron saint of the dioceses of Ross and Ki—l- fenora. The history of the See ofKilfenora—or as Ware calls it^enabore
is so obscure, that he was not able to decide by whom it was founded. In
bishops,
ecclesiastical province of Tuam. The Martyrology of Tallaght only gives two Fachtnas,besidestheFachtnaMacMongachofRosAilithir, orRoscarberry, and whose name occurs, at the 14th of August. One of the former is
j
aela, brother to this Colman. See O'Dono-
*
van's
"
Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. ,
comminatory, as seems from the sequence, while from similar examples found in the Acts of our saints, and from other ecclesiastical documents, many obvious difficulties can be solved, in reference to it.
,7 St. Canice, Patron of Kilkenny Diocese, whose Life may be found at the nth of October, the date for his festival,
l8 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," Martii xiii. Vita S. Mochoemoci, cap. xxx. , p. 594. In a note, appended to the account contained in our text, we are
n. (s), p. 230.
,s It may be, that the present narrative
applies to St. Fachtnan, Patron of Ross Diocese; and, if, as many think, he did not differ from the Patron of Kilfenora Diocese, the account in like manner has reference to the latter saint.
16 On this passage, Colgan justly observes,
that this petition or imprecation may appear
harsh and cruel to some ; still, as it was
only
presided
See,
200 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[August 14.
one place,25 he says, it may be judged that St. Fachnan was the founder. In
26
another, he merely states, that its cathedral was dedicated to his memory.
He clearly seems to have meant St. Fachnan of Ross. And so the matter appears to be understood at present, in the diocese of Kilfenora ; whereas, the festival of the patron saint is kept there on the 14th of August, as if St. Fachnan of Ross was he also of Kilfenora. But, says Rev. Dr. Lanigan, it is
much more that probable,
2 7 However this
were different
be, it seems, that in the choir of the Cathedral of Kilfenora, the alleged tomb of St. Fachnan is pointed out 28 so that popular tradition distinguishes him
;
from St. Fachnan, Patron of Ross, who as already stated is reputed to have
been there buried.
Several old Irish crosses are still to be seen in the grave- yard at Kilfenora. One of these is remarkably' high,
and evidently of antique workmanship, while the style
of carving is very quaint, and in some respects rather
2
original. 9 Between the cir-
cular-connections at the
arms, a rude representation
Cross at Kilfenora.
The cross itself is not well
proportioned in all its parts,
norhasit anyoftheinter-
lacing ornaments so peculiar to other monuments of its kind. The feast of St. Fachanan is observed, on the 14th of August, as a Double of the First Class, with an Octave, in the dio- cese of Ross and Kilfenora; for, it is generally assumed, that the same person was a Bishop over either See, at some period of his life, or that he had been established at Ross, and had been after- wards
told, this transaction must have occurred before a. d. 590, as afterwards, the Colman
particularly as the Life is written with great order, regularity, and a cautious precision in
discriminating, when necessary, certain names by the addition of a surname or some other distinctive mark, lest the reader —
alluded to lived fourteen years. 32, ibid. , p. 597.
See nn. 31,
19 By Rev. Dr. Lanigan.
,0 The " Acta Sanctorum Tertius Index Historicus.
Hibernia," confound different
might persons together. "
21 On this matter, the Rev. Dr.
argues : "if that were the case, would not the author of said Life, who in both places exhibits Fachnan as a great saint, have given us some clue towards discovering that he alluded to more than one of that name ?
they
persons.
may
as Patron It seems since not only are our,records wanting for its elucidation, but even our traditions afford
. . .
no clue, from which a satisfactory conclusion may be drawn.
accepted for both dioceses. well nigh impossible to unravel this mystery, at the present time ;
Lanigan
of the crucifixion is
figured.
"
chap, xii. , sect, iv. , and n. 49, p. 196.
Ecclesiastical
History
of
Ireland," vol. ii. ,
32 See Rev.
"
Monas-
Mervyn Archdall's ticon Hibernicum," p. 52.
83 See Harris' vol. "
Ware, i. , Bishops
of
Kilfenoragh," pp. 622 to 626.
24 See Rev. Dr. Kelly's « Calendar of
August 14. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 201
Article III. —St. Fachtna, Bishop and Abbot of Dairinis Maelanfaidh, in Hy Kinsellagh, or in the County of Waterford, [Sixth Century], When the reader has studied the remarks already offered in connection with St. Fachtna or Fachtnan of the diocese of Ross, and also
those relating to St. Fachananus, patron of the diocese of Kilfenora; he may in
the relation which here follows form some judgment, as to whether the present
holy Abbot of Dairinis Maelanfaidh had a distinct place in history, or
whether he should not be regarded as one and the same person, especially with
the patron of Ross. Indeed, the latter appears to have been an opinion
formed by the compiler of a very ancient record, and known as the Calendar
of Cashel. Of course, there is the alternative suspicion, that confused tradi-
tions, or similarity of name and of festivals occurring on the same day, may
have occasioned some mistake. If they be identical, however, the following
remarks are necessary to present some additional biographic particulars.
The festival of Fachtna of Maelanfaid's Dairinis, said to have been the son of
a or has been set down in the " Feilire" of St. 1 at wright carpenter, ^Engus,
the 14th of August. In the comment annexed, he is called bishop and abbot
2 Weare
when Fachtna was born, much hair was on him. 3 It is difficult to form a
conception of his personal appearance, from such an indefinite description j but, it seems likely, that the remarkable characteristic manifested at the time of his birth must have continued during the remainder of his life. However, we need not necessarily suppose more, than that his head was covered with a remarkably fine growth of hair, when he was an infant ; and probably, according to Irish custom, he then received that soubriquet, which was never afterwards abandoned. In the Martyrology of Tallagh,* at this day, there is an entry regarding Fachtna, son to Mongan, of Ros Ailithir, in T-sair. s His Acts—if written—are not now attainable. We have only some scattered notices, regarding him, through various sources. According to received tra- dition, however, he was a Bishop and Confessor. In other instances, our saint is called Fachtna Mongach and Fachtnan mhic Mongaigh, the meaning
of his surname having different interpretations. In the former case, Mon- """
of inHui Dairinis,
Cinnselaig.
told, moreover,
ina that comment,
gach, signifying the hirsute or hairy," is supposed to have been applied, on account of Fachanan having been born with hair. 6 In the latter case, we
IrishSaints,pp. xiii. ,xvii. ,xxxii. 25 See Antiquities, cap. 29.
26 When treating on the Bishops.
sdir)afaircaptive: thefeastofFachtnaethe
hairy child. "—" Transactions of the Royal
Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series,
27 See his
"
Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
vol. i. . part i. p. cxxiii.
On the Calendar of
land," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, iv. , n. 51,
P- 196. * 28 "
2 See ibid. , p. cxxxi.
See Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire- land," vol. ii. , p. 409.
3 It is added, that on this account, every-
one used to — of him n mac
say mongach"
29 The accompanying drawing of this (hairy child). Ibid.
cross on the wood, by William F. Wake- * That copy contained in the Book of man, and taken from a photograph, has Leinster records V^ccnAtt mac niong. o been engraved by Mrs. Millard.
Article hi. — 1 In the " Leabhar Breac " copy, we have the following stanza in Irish, and thus translated into English by Whitley Stokes, LL. D :—
LA5Aijvtn T? U|\cutiAcii t)Ar\fAir\rvgi tirv 10115415 TYIacc mcrAei]\ CAin cimbi-o
sell ^AChcnAi mAicc mongAig.
Moy . diLichir*.
s « Fach—tna mac
Mongan o Ros Ailithir
"
of shipful ocean, the Wright's son {mac int~
With the calling of Fortunatus over a sea
in t-sair. " Kelly's Rev. Matthew "
dar of Irish Saints," p. xxxii.
Calen-
6 At the 14th of
val thus noticed in the Martyrology of
"
Cashel:
alicthir in occidentali plaga Momonias fuit etiam Abbas de Dar inis Moelanfaidh in re- gione Desiorum in Momonia, dictusque Fachtna Mongach, quia cum cesarie na- tus. "
7 On this subject, Colgan observes, that if
August,
we find his festi-
S. Fachtdani, Episcopi de Ros
Oengus,
202 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[August 14.
"
Facbtnae micmongaigh," as con- tained in the Martyrologies of Tallagh and of Marianus O'Gorman ; while Selbach and the Menologium Genealogicum write: "mhic Monaigh," that
is,"sonofMoenachorMoenaigh. ? However,Moenach8orMoenaighwas probably the name of his father, and he is said to have been descended from Lugad, surnamed Mac Conn, King of Ireland. Moreover, he is stated to have had for a son St. Cassan, who had seven other holy brothers. 9 Now,
this statement appears to give us a clue to the paternity of the present saintly
bishop and abbot \ for it is likewise related, that no less than seven brothers
of Fachnan are enumerated among the saints of Ireland. These were St.
10 11 12 1 Brandubh, bishop, St. Cassan, St. Calchin, St. Lochan,'3 St. Lugna, * St.
Manchin ** and St. Moluan. 10 Their descent is said to have been derived
from one Maconius, son of Macniadh, and a celebrated Irish hero. 1 ?
Although Ussher mentions Fachtna or Fachnan amongst the pupils of St.
Barr or Finbarr of Cork, 18 Dr. Lanigan thinks our saint must have lived prior
to the time of his supposed master. Our judicious ecclesiastical historian
maintains, that little or no reliance can be placed on the lists of St. Finbarr's
10
have an entry, distinguishing the feast,
These, he says, have been made up at random. Wishing to honour St. Barr, it has been supposed, that their compilers placed thereon the names of many distinguished men, of whom they had heard, but without
taking into account the adjuncts of time and place. According to some accounts, St. Fachnan Mongach was abbot over Molana, in the County of Waterford, a. d. 590 ; and, about the said time, he is said to have founded
20
In the latter assump- tion, this saint cannot be different from the Patron of that See, about whom we have already treated, at the present date. Before our saint settled at Ross, it is asserted, that he was probably for some time abbot of Darinis Moelan- faidh, now Molana. This is a small island surrounded by the River Black-
21
water. It is within the demesne of Ballinatray, in the present County of
disciples.
the Abbey of Ross-Alithri, in the County of Cork.
we credit the expositor of the Martyrology, and the interpolator of Cathal Maguire, there is no material difference: Mongaigh being
an adjective, and he adds, " ut dum dicitur, Fachtuatii mhic Alot/gaig/i, sensus sit Facht- nani filii Criniti; quia nempe cum crinibus natus. "
venerated respectively on the 12th and 20th
of January, 17th of April, 1 2th of June, and 31st of December.
M There are festivals for three Lugnas on the Irish Calendar, viz. , at 20th of January, 25th April, and 31st of December.
I5 There are festivals for St. Manchans or Manchines on the Irish Calendar, at January 2nd, 13th, 24th, February 14th, March 23rd, 24th, May 1st, October 2lst, November 12th, December 2nd, 4th, 29th.
l6 There are five the Irish Moluas^pn
Calendar, with festivals respectively at June 4th, August 4th, October 15th, November 21st, December 21st.
'* According to the last chapter of the Menologium Genealogicum. "
8
There is a Moenach, son of Carell, and
he is called the father of St. Fachtnan,
Bishop of Ros-ailitheir, in Minister, by
Colgan, in the "Acta Sanctorum Ilibci-
Martii xxviii. De S.
9 See what is stated, in the Third Volume of this work, at the 28th of March, when treating about St. Cassan, of Iomdual, or Imduail, and supposed to be of Donagh-
more, County ol Meath, Art. iii. , n. 14.
10 His festival occurs, at the 3rd of June. See at that date, the Sixth Volume of this
work, for notices of him, Art. iv.
11
nix,"
copo et Abbate, cap. v. , p. 781.
Cassano, Epis-
Although lour saints of this name are
noted in the Irish Calendars ; still among Martii xxvi. Vita S. Garvani, p. 750.
them, the brother of St. Fachanan has not been identified.
" No saint called Calchin, or as Latinized Calchinus, can be identified in the Irish Calendars.
13 Five saints called Lochan or Loichen are to be found on the Irish Calendars, and
' 9 He assigns as a sufficient reason, that Colgan's enumeration differs materially from that adduced by Ussher.
20 See Rev. Samuel Hayman's "New Handbook for Youghal," p. xv.
2I The seat of Mr. Smyth,
22
" l8
"S. Facundus de Ros-alither" is named in the Vita S. Barrii—which Colgan intended to have published at the 25th of September—as being one of Finbarr's disci- pies. See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia. -,"
In the Martyrology of Cashel, already
August 14. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 203
Waterford. 22" The ruins of this abbey are still well preserved, and in the interior is a modern statue of the founder ; while within it, Raymond Fitz William, surnamed le Gros,23 the companion of Strongbow, was interred. 2* From the hills, which here rise over the river to a considerable elevation, magnificent views of this district and of the estuary to the sea can be obtained. 2 s Most interesting details of Raymond Fitz William le Gros and of the various branches and descendants belonging to his family, have been preserved by
26
a learned scion of his race.
Fachnan or Fachtna, of Dair Inis, in Waterford, is identical with a St. Fachannan, who is venerated as the chief patron of the dioceses of Ross and of Kilfenora. In the Irish Calendars, there are four saints bearing the name
2
of heldonthe19th—January;3» whereas,
in another
viz.
—
at
Ross,
However, it is not at all very certain, that the St.
;
ofFachtna andtheyarethusdistinguished,viz. : Fachtna,BishopofNua-
——
chongbail Latinized Facundus who is venerated on the 19th of January, ?
28
Fachtna, of Crebeg, venerated at the 3rd of March, Fachtna, bishop of
2
Dairinis, venerated at the 14th of August, ^ and Fachtna, of Cill-Tomma,
;
allouraccessibleIrishCalendars differsinspellingfromFachtnanorFach-
annan. Moreover, St. Fachtna, Bishop and Abbot of Dairinis Maelanfaidh,
who is venerated at the 14th of November^ Now, it may be seen, that none of the foregoing places named appear to have any con—nection with Ross or Kilfenora it be re
in
Hy-Kinsellagh,
hasbeenconfoundedwithSt. — ofthe Fachannan, patron
besides, may
—markedthatFachtna thenameenteredin
dioceses of Ross and—
of Kilfenora. in one
at
Thus,
County of Waterford Archdall tells us, that the festival of St. Fa
chtna was
passage,
County of Cork the same writer tells us, that this saint's festival was
2
observed on the 14th of August^ as stated in an old Calendar. ^ Under the
name of Moelanfaidh, Colgan has no account of this saint. But, he makes mention of several saints, called Moeloc,34 or Mailoc,35 which, he observes,
quoted, we have it stated, that he was abbot the First Volume of this work, at the 15th
"
de Dar-inis Moelanfaidh, in regione ofJanuary, Art. ii.
Desiorum, in Momonia. "
83 He was appointed viceroy of Ireland in
1 177; and he left two sons—the elder William Fitz Raymond le Gros, ancestor to the family of Grace, Barons of Courtstown and Lords of—Grace's Country in the County of Kilkenny the second son Maurice Fitz Raymond, ancestor to the family of Fitz Maurice, Earls of Kerry and Marquesses of Landsdown. See J. N. Brewer's " Beauties of Ireland," vol. ii. , p. 116, et seq.
24 A representation of this reputed tomb, as also of the statue of St. Molanfide, is to
29 The saint about whom we treat, at this
be seen in J. R. O'Flanagan's "Blackwater See " Sancti Rumoldi, Martyris Inclyti,
in Munster," pp. 33, 34.
25 See James Fraser's " Handbook for
Travellers in Ireland," Route 51, p. 285.
26
See Sheffield Grace's "Memoirs of the
Family of Grace. " This rare book, pro- Januarii xxix. Vita S Gildae Badonici, n.
fusely illustrated with elegant views and his- toric portraits, was published by the author in London, 1823, 4to.
27 See an account of him, and of his place,
at that date, in the First Volume of this
work, Art. ii.
28
See notices of him, at that date, in the Third Volume of this work, Art.
hardly believe, that Kilfenora had not a Fachnan or Fachtna of its own.
2
Among the real or pretended disciples of St. Barr, we find, besides Fachnan
of Ross, a St. Fachna seu Facundus de Ria. 3 These are related to have been distinct persons j* and, it cannot be doubted, that the latter existed in olden
times, probably in the seventh century. s Yet, nothing more particular appears to be known about St. Fachna de Ria. The origin of Kilfenora See is also buried in obscurity ; and, our Annals are silent regarding its early prelates. In the Book of Valuations of the Apostolic —Chamber, compiled by Centius Camerarius—afterwards Pope Honorius III. it is styled Celluma- brach, recte Cill-Fionnabhrach. 6 In the distribution of the ancient Irish Bishoprics,madebyCardinalPaparoin 1152,thiswasassignedasasuffragan See to the Archbishopric of Cashel ; but, since the Restoration of King Charles II. , it has been annexed to the ecclesiastical Province of Tuam. ? This diocese comprehends only the Baronies of Corcomroe and Burren, which are in the north -western division in the County of Clare. The former city or town of Kilfenora has now dwindled into an insignificant village. It is situated in the present barony of Corcomroe, and as the cathedral had been dedicated to St. Fachnan, so he is generally deemed to have been its first
*
Article ii. — Thus the Rev. Dr. Ria; S. Facundus de Ros-alither. De S.
"
also a house in Darinis. Why not mention, likewise, Kilfenora, had he been there ?
especially as it became an episcopal See. It may be said, that Fachnan wa^revered there not as founder of the See, but as the saint in whose name the church was dedicated, long perhaps —before there was any bishop of Kil- fenora. " "Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, iv. , n. 51, pp. 196, 197.
8
His feast occurs at the 25th of Septem- ber, where his Acts may be found, in the Ninth Volume of this work, Art. i.
That Fachnan of Ross did not found that See, or even a monastery there, is evident from its not being men- tioned in the Calendars, when treating of him, notwithstanding the care taken not to
Garvano Abbate, p. 750.
* The latter is alluded to in Ussher's
Lanigan argues :
Why may we not suppose, that he was the omit that, besides Ross, he had governed founder of Kilfenora ? Its very name seems
from a photograph, presents an interior 3 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- view of Kilfenora church, and it has been
nioe," at the 26th of March, where among
the disciples of St. Barr or Finnbar, we find
drawn on the wood by William F. Wake-
man. The engraving is by Mrs. Millard. ,
9 See James Frazer's "Handbook for
enumerated,
"
S. Fachna seu Facundus de
"
'*
Primordia," cap. xvi. , p. 791.
5 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan asks and adds :
to lead to this conclusion, Fachnan is often called Fechnan. Kilfenora is a compound name, thus probably formed ; Kil-fen (a contraction—of Fechnan)—o de, or from Ra, or Ria. "
and n. 51, pp. 196, 197. — 6
" Ecclesiastical of History
Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, iv. , p. 194,
Ibid.
This is the name it bears, in our Irish
Annals,
7 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
"
Bishops of
Kilfenoragh," p. 622.
8 The accompanying illustration, taken
198
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 14.
founder. rensis.
The church was called Fenabore, and this is Latinized Finabo- The Bishop of this See was also called the Bishop of Corcomroe. The place is undoubt- edly one of high anti-
Interior of Kilfenora Cathedral.
ture stood on the site of one having a much earlier date ; and that it served for the purposes of the former Diocesan Cathedral seems to be established, since it still remains within the ancient cemetery, now enclosed with a good stone wall. As the definite information about Fachananus is wanting, so the exactyearofthissaint'sdeathisnotknown. Itwouldappear,however,that he lived, at least until the close of the sixth century. This is proved from the following circumstances, if these particulars have a special reference to him. Our saint, it is assumed, must have been alive, in the year 587, as the Irish
10
Annalsstate,thatColman, sonofFearadhach,chiefofOssory,diedinthe
year 60 1. " Now, Fachannan is said to have lived fourteen years prior to
the death of this prince. We are told, in the Lifeaof St. Pulcherius,TM that 11
on a certain occasion, Colman, * prince of Ossory, * chased a fugitive and
Travellers in Ireland," Route No. 74, p. 385.
10
According tothe copyof ColganVTrias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Columbsc. n. 46, p. 375, with Roderick O'Flaherty's MS. note appended. This copy at present belongs
Volume of this work, at the 13th of March, the date for his feast, Art. i.
13 He was father to the celebrated Scanlan, prince of Ossory, who reigned over that principality, for more than thirty years. See Adamnan's "Vita S. Columbse," lib. i. , cap. xi. —
14 The Mac Gillaphadreig anglice Fitz- patrick—family claims descent from Cinn-
to the Dublin Society's Library. 11 "
See Dr. O'Donovan's Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 230, 231.
" See an "account of him in the Third
quity, and at present
interesting ruins of a former cathedral church
8
According to some accounts,9these ruins are portions of an ancient Abbey that stood here, before both the town and abbey had been burned by Murrough O'Brien, in 1055. A considerable part of the walls still exists while a circu-
;
larly-headed and triplet
window, and within
those fine ecclesiastical
ruins, its mullions are
well preserved. This
strikingarchitectural fea- ture is deeply recessed
in a framing of moulded chamfers. Several old tombs and many with
inscriptions are to be met with, in the interior of the church. There can hardly be a doubt, thatthis mediae valstruc-
are there.
August 14] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 199
an enemy, named Finanus, to St. Pulcherius' monastery, where refuge was
sought. There Colman violated the right of sanctuary, by searching every building in connection with it, so that he might slay that adversary. Where-
"
petitions to God ; two of these have been denied, but the third request has
been granted. The first petition was for a speedy'. death ; yet, the Almighty has been pleased to grant you, through St. Fachannan,*s a life of fourteen years not expired. The second petition was, that you should not obtain heaven l6
; yet, on account of St. Kainichus, ? eternal life will be granted you. The third petition was—and the Lord has assented at present to it—that before the end of this month, you may be banished from your kingdom. " On hear- ing these words pronounced, the chieftain repented. He presented offerings
upon, St. Pulcherius said to the prince :
I have preferred against you three
1
to God and to St. Pulcherius. The latter then said to him
:
" You shall be
deprived of your rule, and scarce escape with life, still, as you have many
holy men friendly to you, in three days your sway shall be recovered, and
my friend St. Canicus, now an old man, shall assist you in all matters. " Filled
with joy, the prince retired, after hearing this prophetic declaration. He also
received a blessing from St. Pulcherius. 18 It is thought '9 this latter saint
could scarcely have founded his monastery, before a. d. 580. On such data^
we find St. Fachannan alive, after this period. In the Third Index of
Colgan's work,20 there is a distinction drawn between the Fachnan here
spoken of and the Fachnan of Ross, mentioned in a former part of the Life
21 nor indeed is it
in the chapter of accidents, that two different saints, bearing so exceptionally similar and scarce a name in our Calendars, and whose festivals fall on the
same day, can be regarded, moreover, as existing contemporaries. That some early monastic establishment had been here located seems to be certain,
although we cannot discover the name of the founder nor the date for its foundation. It was probably one of those peculiarly constructed Irish
religious institutes, comprising a group of cells, in close proximity with the church. We can only learn, that in the year 1055, the Abbey and town of Kilfenora were burned, by Murrough O'Brien,22 as we glean from the Annals of Munster. It is only in the thirteenth century that we have any accounts
of St. Pulcherius this does not seem ; yet,
probable,
likely,
ofthe
who
23 nowa inthe suffragan one,
overthis
designated Fachtna Eps, of Uachongbhail, Reidbaircend, and he was vene- rated on^the 19th of January. The festival of the other Fachtna o Chraebhaig is set down at the 3rd of March. 24 Neither of these appears to have been identical with St. Fachannan, patron saint of the dioceses of Ross and Ki—l- fenora. The history of the See ofKilfenora—or as Ware calls it^enabore
is so obscure, that he was not able to decide by whom it was founded. In
bishops,
ecclesiastical province of Tuam. The Martyrology of Tallaght only gives two Fachtnas,besidestheFachtnaMacMongachofRosAilithir, orRoscarberry, and whose name occurs, at the 14th of August. One of the former is
j
aela, brother to this Colman. See O'Dono-
*
van's
"
Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. ,
comminatory, as seems from the sequence, while from similar examples found in the Acts of our saints, and from other ecclesiastical documents, many obvious difficulties can be solved, in reference to it.
,7 St. Canice, Patron of Kilkenny Diocese, whose Life may be found at the nth of October, the date for his festival,
l8 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," Martii xiii. Vita S. Mochoemoci, cap. xxx. , p. 594. In a note, appended to the account contained in our text, we are
n. (s), p. 230.
,s It may be, that the present narrative
applies to St. Fachtnan, Patron of Ross Diocese; and, if, as many think, he did not differ from the Patron of Kilfenora Diocese, the account in like manner has reference to the latter saint.
16 On this passage, Colgan justly observes,
that this petition or imprecation may appear
harsh and cruel to some ; still, as it was
only
presided
See,
200 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[August 14.
one place,25 he says, it may be judged that St. Fachnan was the founder. In
26
another, he merely states, that its cathedral was dedicated to his memory.
He clearly seems to have meant St. Fachnan of Ross. And so the matter appears to be understood at present, in the diocese of Kilfenora ; whereas, the festival of the patron saint is kept there on the 14th of August, as if St. Fachnan of Ross was he also of Kilfenora. But, says Rev. Dr. Lanigan, it is
much more that probable,
2 7 However this
were different
be, it seems, that in the choir of the Cathedral of Kilfenora, the alleged tomb of St. Fachnan is pointed out 28 so that popular tradition distinguishes him
;
from St. Fachnan, Patron of Ross, who as already stated is reputed to have
been there buried.
Several old Irish crosses are still to be seen in the grave- yard at Kilfenora. One of these is remarkably' high,
and evidently of antique workmanship, while the style
of carving is very quaint, and in some respects rather
2
original. 9 Between the cir-
cular-connections at the
arms, a rude representation
Cross at Kilfenora.
The cross itself is not well
proportioned in all its parts,
norhasit anyoftheinter-
lacing ornaments so peculiar to other monuments of its kind. The feast of St. Fachanan is observed, on the 14th of August, as a Double of the First Class, with an Octave, in the dio- cese of Ross and Kilfenora; for, it is generally assumed, that the same person was a Bishop over either See, at some period of his life, or that he had been established at Ross, and had been after- wards
told, this transaction must have occurred before a. d. 590, as afterwards, the Colman
particularly as the Life is written with great order, regularity, and a cautious precision in
discriminating, when necessary, certain names by the addition of a surname or some other distinctive mark, lest the reader —
alluded to lived fourteen years. 32, ibid. , p. 597.
See nn. 31,
19 By Rev. Dr. Lanigan.
,0 The " Acta Sanctorum Tertius Index Historicus.
Hibernia," confound different
might persons together. "
21 On this matter, the Rev. Dr.
argues : "if that were the case, would not the author of said Life, who in both places exhibits Fachnan as a great saint, have given us some clue towards discovering that he alluded to more than one of that name ?
they
persons.
may
as Patron It seems since not only are our,records wanting for its elucidation, but even our traditions afford
. . .
no clue, from which a satisfactory conclusion may be drawn.
accepted for both dioceses. well nigh impossible to unravel this mystery, at the present time ;
Lanigan
of the crucifixion is
figured.
"
chap, xii. , sect, iv. , and n. 49, p. 196.
Ecclesiastical
History
of
Ireland," vol. ii. ,
32 See Rev.
"
Monas-
Mervyn Archdall's ticon Hibernicum," p. 52.
83 See Harris' vol. "
Ware, i. , Bishops
of
Kilfenoragh," pp. 622 to 626.
24 See Rev. Dr. Kelly's « Calendar of
August 14. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 201
Article III. —St. Fachtna, Bishop and Abbot of Dairinis Maelanfaidh, in Hy Kinsellagh, or in the County of Waterford, [Sixth Century], When the reader has studied the remarks already offered in connection with St. Fachtna or Fachtnan of the diocese of Ross, and also
those relating to St. Fachananus, patron of the diocese of Kilfenora; he may in
the relation which here follows form some judgment, as to whether the present
holy Abbot of Dairinis Maelanfaidh had a distinct place in history, or
whether he should not be regarded as one and the same person, especially with
the patron of Ross. Indeed, the latter appears to have been an opinion
formed by the compiler of a very ancient record, and known as the Calendar
of Cashel. Of course, there is the alternative suspicion, that confused tradi-
tions, or similarity of name and of festivals occurring on the same day, may
have occasioned some mistake. If they be identical, however, the following
remarks are necessary to present some additional biographic particulars.
The festival of Fachtna of Maelanfaid's Dairinis, said to have been the son of
a or has been set down in the " Feilire" of St. 1 at wright carpenter, ^Engus,
the 14th of August. In the comment annexed, he is called bishop and abbot
2 Weare
when Fachtna was born, much hair was on him. 3 It is difficult to form a
conception of his personal appearance, from such an indefinite description j but, it seems likely, that the remarkable characteristic manifested at the time of his birth must have continued during the remainder of his life. However, we need not necessarily suppose more, than that his head was covered with a remarkably fine growth of hair, when he was an infant ; and probably, according to Irish custom, he then received that soubriquet, which was never afterwards abandoned. In the Martyrology of Tallagh,* at this day, there is an entry regarding Fachtna, son to Mongan, of Ros Ailithir, in T-sair. s His Acts—if written—are not now attainable. We have only some scattered notices, regarding him, through various sources. According to received tra- dition, however, he was a Bishop and Confessor. In other instances, our saint is called Fachtna Mongach and Fachtnan mhic Mongaigh, the meaning
of his surname having different interpretations. In the former case, Mon- """
of inHui Dairinis,
Cinnselaig.
told, moreover,
ina that comment,
gach, signifying the hirsute or hairy," is supposed to have been applied, on account of Fachanan having been born with hair. 6 In the latter case, we
IrishSaints,pp. xiii. ,xvii. ,xxxii. 25 See Antiquities, cap. 29.
26 When treating on the Bishops.
sdir)afaircaptive: thefeastofFachtnaethe
hairy child. "—" Transactions of the Royal
Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series,
27 See his
"
Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
vol. i. . part i. p. cxxiii.
On the Calendar of
land," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, iv. , n. 51,
P- 196. * 28 "
2 See ibid. , p. cxxxi.
See Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire- land," vol. ii. , p. 409.
3 It is added, that on this account, every-
one used to — of him n mac
say mongach"
29 The accompanying drawing of this (hairy child). Ibid.
cross on the wood, by William F. Wake- * That copy contained in the Book of man, and taken from a photograph, has Leinster records V^ccnAtt mac niong. o been engraved by Mrs. Millard.
Article hi. — 1 In the " Leabhar Breac " copy, we have the following stanza in Irish, and thus translated into English by Whitley Stokes, LL. D :—
LA5Aijvtn T? U|\cutiAcii t)Ar\fAir\rvgi tirv 10115415 TYIacc mcrAei]\ CAin cimbi-o
sell ^AChcnAi mAicc mongAig.
Moy . diLichir*.
s « Fach—tna mac
Mongan o Ros Ailithir
"
of shipful ocean, the Wright's son {mac int~
With the calling of Fortunatus over a sea
in t-sair. " Kelly's Rev. Matthew "
dar of Irish Saints," p. xxxii.
Calen-
6 At the 14th of
val thus noticed in the Martyrology of
"
Cashel:
alicthir in occidentali plaga Momonias fuit etiam Abbas de Dar inis Moelanfaidh in re- gione Desiorum in Momonia, dictusque Fachtna Mongach, quia cum cesarie na- tus. "
7 On this subject, Colgan observes, that if
August,
we find his festi-
S. Fachtdani, Episcopi de Ros
Oengus,
202 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[August 14.
"
Facbtnae micmongaigh," as con- tained in the Martyrologies of Tallagh and of Marianus O'Gorman ; while Selbach and the Menologium Genealogicum write: "mhic Monaigh," that
is,"sonofMoenachorMoenaigh. ? However,Moenach8orMoenaighwas probably the name of his father, and he is said to have been descended from Lugad, surnamed Mac Conn, King of Ireland. Moreover, he is stated to have had for a son St. Cassan, who had seven other holy brothers. 9 Now,
this statement appears to give us a clue to the paternity of the present saintly
bishop and abbot \ for it is likewise related, that no less than seven brothers
of Fachnan are enumerated among the saints of Ireland. These were St.
10 11 12 1 Brandubh, bishop, St. Cassan, St. Calchin, St. Lochan,'3 St. Lugna, * St.
Manchin ** and St. Moluan. 10 Their descent is said to have been derived
from one Maconius, son of Macniadh, and a celebrated Irish hero. 1 ?
Although Ussher mentions Fachtna or Fachnan amongst the pupils of St.
Barr or Finbarr of Cork, 18 Dr. Lanigan thinks our saint must have lived prior
to the time of his supposed master. Our judicious ecclesiastical historian
maintains, that little or no reliance can be placed on the lists of St. Finbarr's
10
have an entry, distinguishing the feast,
These, he says, have been made up at random. Wishing to honour St. Barr, it has been supposed, that their compilers placed thereon the names of many distinguished men, of whom they had heard, but without
taking into account the adjuncts of time and place. According to some accounts, St. Fachnan Mongach was abbot over Molana, in the County of Waterford, a. d. 590 ; and, about the said time, he is said to have founded
20
In the latter assump- tion, this saint cannot be different from the Patron of that See, about whom we have already treated, at the present date. Before our saint settled at Ross, it is asserted, that he was probably for some time abbot of Darinis Moelan- faidh, now Molana. This is a small island surrounded by the River Black-
21
water. It is within the demesne of Ballinatray, in the present County of
disciples.
the Abbey of Ross-Alithri, in the County of Cork.
we credit the expositor of the Martyrology, and the interpolator of Cathal Maguire, there is no material difference: Mongaigh being
an adjective, and he adds, " ut dum dicitur, Fachtuatii mhic Alot/gaig/i, sensus sit Facht- nani filii Criniti; quia nempe cum crinibus natus. "
venerated respectively on the 12th and 20th
of January, 17th of April, 1 2th of June, and 31st of December.
M There are festivals for three Lugnas on the Irish Calendar, viz. , at 20th of January, 25th April, and 31st of December.
I5 There are festivals for St. Manchans or Manchines on the Irish Calendar, at January 2nd, 13th, 24th, February 14th, March 23rd, 24th, May 1st, October 2lst, November 12th, December 2nd, 4th, 29th.
l6 There are five the Irish Moluas^pn
Calendar, with festivals respectively at June 4th, August 4th, October 15th, November 21st, December 21st.
'* According to the last chapter of the Menologium Genealogicum. "
8
There is a Moenach, son of Carell, and
he is called the father of St. Fachtnan,
Bishop of Ros-ailitheir, in Minister, by
Colgan, in the "Acta Sanctorum Ilibci-
Martii xxviii. De S.
9 See what is stated, in the Third Volume of this work, at the 28th of March, when treating about St. Cassan, of Iomdual, or Imduail, and supposed to be of Donagh-
more, County ol Meath, Art. iii. , n. 14.
10 His festival occurs, at the 3rd of June. See at that date, the Sixth Volume of this
work, for notices of him, Art. iv.
11
nix,"
copo et Abbate, cap. v. , p. 781.
Cassano, Epis-
Although lour saints of this name are
noted in the Irish Calendars ; still among Martii xxvi. Vita S. Garvani, p. 750.
them, the brother of St. Fachanan has not been identified.
" No saint called Calchin, or as Latinized Calchinus, can be identified in the Irish Calendars.
13 Five saints called Lochan or Loichen are to be found on the Irish Calendars, and
' 9 He assigns as a sufficient reason, that Colgan's enumeration differs materially from that adduced by Ussher.
20 See Rev. Samuel Hayman's "New Handbook for Youghal," p. xv.
2I The seat of Mr. Smyth,
22
" l8
"S. Facundus de Ros-alither" is named in the Vita S. Barrii—which Colgan intended to have published at the 25th of September—as being one of Finbarr's disci- pies. See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia. -,"
In the Martyrology of Cashel, already
August 14. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 203
Waterford. 22" The ruins of this abbey are still well preserved, and in the interior is a modern statue of the founder ; while within it, Raymond Fitz William, surnamed le Gros,23 the companion of Strongbow, was interred. 2* From the hills, which here rise over the river to a considerable elevation, magnificent views of this district and of the estuary to the sea can be obtained. 2 s Most interesting details of Raymond Fitz William le Gros and of the various branches and descendants belonging to his family, have been preserved by
26
a learned scion of his race.
Fachnan or Fachtna, of Dair Inis, in Waterford, is identical with a St. Fachannan, who is venerated as the chief patron of the dioceses of Ross and of Kilfenora. In the Irish Calendars, there are four saints bearing the name
2
of heldonthe19th—January;3» whereas,
in another
viz.
—
at
Ross,
However, it is not at all very certain, that the St.
;
ofFachtna andtheyarethusdistinguished,viz. : Fachtna,BishopofNua-
——
chongbail Latinized Facundus who is venerated on the 19th of January, ?
28
Fachtna, of Crebeg, venerated at the 3rd of March, Fachtna, bishop of
2
Dairinis, venerated at the 14th of August, ^ and Fachtna, of Cill-Tomma,
;
allouraccessibleIrishCalendars differsinspellingfromFachtnanorFach-
annan. Moreover, St. Fachtna, Bishop and Abbot of Dairinis Maelanfaidh,
who is venerated at the 14th of November^ Now, it may be seen, that none of the foregoing places named appear to have any con—nection with Ross or Kilfenora it be re
in
Hy-Kinsellagh,
hasbeenconfoundedwithSt. — ofthe Fachannan, patron
besides, may
—markedthatFachtna thenameenteredin
dioceses of Ross and—
of Kilfenora. in one
at
Thus,
County of Waterford Archdall tells us, that the festival of St. Fa
chtna was
passage,
County of Cork the same writer tells us, that this saint's festival was
2
observed on the 14th of August^ as stated in an old Calendar. ^ Under the
name of Moelanfaidh, Colgan has no account of this saint. But, he makes mention of several saints, called Moeloc,34 or Mailoc,35 which, he observes,
quoted, we have it stated, that he was abbot the First Volume of this work, at the 15th
"
de Dar-inis Moelanfaidh, in regione ofJanuary, Art. ii.
Desiorum, in Momonia. "
83 He was appointed viceroy of Ireland in
1 177; and he left two sons—the elder William Fitz Raymond le Gros, ancestor to the family of Grace, Barons of Courtstown and Lords of—Grace's Country in the County of Kilkenny the second son Maurice Fitz Raymond, ancestor to the family of Fitz Maurice, Earls of Kerry and Marquesses of Landsdown. See J. N. Brewer's " Beauties of Ireland," vol. ii. , p. 116, et seq.
24 A representation of this reputed tomb, as also of the statue of St. Molanfide, is to
29 The saint about whom we treat, at this
be seen in J. R. O'Flanagan's "Blackwater See " Sancti Rumoldi, Martyris Inclyti,
in Munster," pp. 33, 34.
25 See James Fraser's " Handbook for
Travellers in Ireland," Route 51, p. 285.
26
See Sheffield Grace's "Memoirs of the
Family of Grace. " This rare book, pro- Januarii xxix. Vita S Gildae Badonici, n.
fusely illustrated with elegant views and his- toric portraits, was published by the author in London, 1823, 4to.
27 See an account of him, and of his place,
at that date, in the First Volume of this
work, Art. ii.
28
See notices of him, at that date, in the Third Volume of this work, Art.
