An
American
prose and
verse writer; born in Massachusetts in 1826.
verse writer; born in Massachusetts in 1826.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
Emily Huntington.
An Amer-
ican educator and popular writer for the young;
born in Connecticut, 1833. She is president of
the Woman's College of the Northwestern Uni-
versity, III. Among her works are : (From Ava-
lon and Other Poems); (The Royal Road to
Fortune) (1875); the 'Kirkwood) series; etc.
Miller, Harriet (Mann). f Olive Thorne
Miller. ”] An American writer of children's
stories; born in Auburn, N. Y. , 1831; particularly
distinguished for her descriptive books of birds
and their habits. Included in her publications
are : (A Bird-Lover in the West); (In Nesting
Time); "Little Folks in Feathers and Fur);
(Our Home Pets); and "Little People of Asia. '
Miller, Hugh. A noted Scottish geologist,
whose writings first made geology popularly
known; born at Cromarty, Oct. 10, 1802; died
near Edinburgh, Dec. 2, 1856. Beginning life
as a stone-mason (1819-36), he became bank
accountant at Cromarty (1834), and editor of
an Edinburgh newspaper (1840). His chief
works were : (The Old Red Sandstone) (1841);
(Footprints of the Creator) (1847); (My Schools
and Schoolmasters) (1852); (Testimony of the
Rocks) (1857). He published besides Poems)
(1829); (Scenes and Legends of the North of
Scotland) (1835); etc.
Miller, Joaquin. See Miller, C. H.
Miller, Johann Martin. A German novel-
ist and poet; born at Ulm, Dec. 3, 1750; died
there, June 21, 1814. He was professor at Ulm
(1781); dean and clerical councilor (1810). He
was best known by (Siegwart, a Convent Tale)
(1776). He wrote also in prose: (Contribu-
tion to the History of the Tender Passion)
(1776); “Correspondence between Three Col-
lege Friends) (1776); “Story of Charles of
Burgheim and Emilia of Rosenau (1778); etc. :
while several of his Poems) (1783) became
popular songs.
Miller, Olive Thorno. See Miller, Har-
riet M.
Miller, Orest Fedorovich (mil'er). A Rus-
sian political, archæolo, ical, and critical writer;
born in Reval, 1833. He is one of the lead.
ing Slavophils; teacher of Russian literature
in the University of St. Petersburg (1861). He
has written : (The Slav Question in Life and
Knowledge) (1865); "Lomonosov and the Re-
forms of Peter the Great) (1866); Ilja Muro-
vetz and the Heroes of Kiev' (1869), a study
of Russian popular myths; (The Slav World
and Europe) (1877), his most successful work;
(Lectures on Russian Literature after Gog
(3d ed. 1887); etc.
Miller, Stephen Franks. An American law.
yer and biographical writer; born in North
Carolina about 1810; died 1867. He wrote:
(Bench and Bar of Georgia) (2 vols. , 1858), a
valuable collection of biographies and histor-
ical matter; (Memoir of General Blackshear and
the War in Georgia, 1813-14' (1858); (Wilkins
Wylder) (1860).
Miller, Thomas. An English poet, novelist,
and writer on rural life; born at Gainsborough,
1807; died in London, Oct. 24, 1874. He sup-
ported himself as a basket-maker, till Rogers
the poet enabled him to open a book-store in
London. He wrote: (Royston Gower) (1838),
a novel; (Rural Sketches) (1839), in verse;
(Gideon Giles, the Roper) (1840) and (God-
frey Malvern) (1843), novels; History of the
## p. 384 (#400) ############################################
384
MILLER - MIRABEAU
(
Anglo-Saxons) (1848; four editions since); etc.
With G. W. M. Reynolds, he wrote Vol. v. of
the Mysteries of London.
Miller, William. A Scottish poet; born in
Bridgegate, Glasgow, August 1810; died at
Glasgow, Aug. 20, 1872. Uncertain health pre-
venting his becoming a physician, he adopted
the trade of wood-turning. He has been called
( the laureate of the nursery. ” He wrote:
(Scottish Nursery Songs and Other Poems)
(1863). One of his most popular single poems
was (Wee Willie Winkie. )
Millet, Francis Davis. An American artist,
story-writer, and noted war correspondent; born
at Mattapoisett, Mass. , Nov. 3, 1846. He was
very successful as correspondent of the Lon-
don Daily News in the Turco-Russian war, and
has been a frequent contributor to periodicals.
He has published in book form (A Capillary
Crime, and Other Stories); and (The Danube
from the Black Forest to the Black Sea.
Mills, Abraham. An American prose-writer;
born in Dutchess County, N. Y. , in 1796; died
in New York city, July 8, 1867. He published
(Literature and Literary Men of Great Brit-
ain and Ireland) (2 vols. , 1851); (Outlines of
Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres) (1854); Poets
and Poetry of the Ancient Greeks) (1854);
“Compendium of the History of the Ancient
Hebrews) (1856).
Milman, Henry Hart. A distinguished Eng.
lish clergyman, historian, and poet ; born in
London, Feb. 10, 1791 ; died near Ascot, Sept.
24, 1868. He was professor of poetry at Ox.
ford, 1821-31; Bampton lecturer 1827; canon of
Westminster 1835; dean of St. Paul's 1849. His
(History of the Jews) (1830) excited intense
antagonism, being the first attempt to apply
secular historical methods to the sacred history,
though not irreverently. In 1838 he edited
Gibbon's (Decline and Fall of the Roman Em-
pire,' and in 1839 published a Life of Gibbon.
He wrote History of Christianity under the
Empire' (1840), and published in 1855 his most
important work, «The History of Latin Christ-
ianity down to the Death of Pope Nicholas V. !
In verse he produced (Samor) (1818), an epic;
(Fall of Jerusalem) (1820); etc. The drama
(Fazio) (1815), written while he was at Ox-
ford, was performed in 1818 by Charles Kem-
ble and Miss O'Neill, and by Madame Ristori
in 1856. He also wrote a history of St. Paul's
Cathedral. His (Essays and Memoirs) were
collected by his son in 1870.
Milnes, Richard Monckton (milz). See
Houghton.
Milton, John. One of the greatest of Eng.
lish poets; born in London, Dec. 9, 1608; died
there, Nov. 8, 1674. He graduated at Cambridge
in 1629; traveled in Italy, 1638; was Latin sec-
retary of the Commonwealth, 1649; became to-
tally blind in 1652. His greatest works were the
famous epics Paradise Lost' (1666) and (Para-
dise Regained' (1671); the tragedy (Samson
Agonistes) (1671); the poems Comus (1634),
Lycidas) (1637), L'Allegro) (1645), Il Pen-
seroso' (1645); and his various sonnets. Of his
prose writings the most renowned were Areo-
pagitica' (1644), advocating freedom of the
press ; (The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates)
(1649), justifying the execution of Charles I. ;
and the Defence of the English People
(1654). *
Mines, John Flavel. (“Felix Oldboy. ”] An
American journalist, descriptive writer, and
writer of verse ; born in Paris, 1835; died 1891.
Originally a student of theology, he entered
the army as chaplain in 1861; but afterward
abandoned the ministry, received a commis-
sion, and was mustered out as lieutenant-colonel
in 1865. He published: (Heroes of the Last
Lustre' (1858), verse; “Tour around New York,
by Mr. Felix Oldboy) (1888).
Minghetti, Marco (min-get'tē). An Italian
statesman, journalist, and miscellaneous writer;
born at Bologna, Nov. 8, 1818; died at Rome,
Dec. 10, 1886. A conspicuous political figure in
his day, he occupied for a number of years the
highest positions, and was very influential in
the government. He wrote: (Relation of Pub.
lic Economy to Morality and Right) (2d ed.
1868), his most remarkable work ;(Literary and
Economic Pamphlets) (1872); Italian Ladies
in the Fine Arts) (1877); Church and State'
(1878); Raphael (1885), a biography; My
Recollections) (1888-91); etc.
Minot, Laurence. An English lyric poet;
born 1300 (? ); died 1352 (? ). Scarcely anything
is known of his life. His poetry expressed
the militant England of his time, being devoted
to the triumph of England over the French and
Scots. First printed in 1795; latest edition,
edited by Joseph Hall, Clarendon Press, 1887.
Minto, William. A Scottish scholar and
miscellaneous writer; born in Alford, Aber-
deenshire, Oct. 10, 1845; died at Aberdeen,
March 1, 1893. He was editor of the Lon-
don Examiner, 1874-78; professor of logic and
English literature at the University of Aber-
deen, 1880. Besides several novels, articles in
the "Encyclopædia Britannica, contributions
to reviews, etc. , he published (English Prose
Writers) (1872); and (English Poets) (1874).
Mira de Mescua or Amescua, Antonio (më'.
rä dā mā'-skwä). A Spanish poet and dram-
atist; born at Guadix, about 1570; died at Ma-
drid, 1635. He was court chaplain at Granada,
and afterward chaplain of honor to Philip IV.
at Madrid. Calderon and Corneille borrowed
from his works. A few of his lyrics can be
seen in Vol. xiii. , five of his plays in Vol. xiv. ,
of Rivadeneyra's Library of Spanish Authors.
Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré de Riquetti,
Count of (mē-rä-bo'). A famous French ora-
tor and revolutionist; born at Bignon, March
9, 1749; died in Paris, April 2, 1791. He rose
to the rank of captain in the army; in 1789
was delegate of the Third Estate to the conven-
tion of the States-General, where his eloquence
made him a power; president of the Jacobin
## p. 385 (#401) ############################################
MIRANDOLA – MIVART
385
*
а
Club in 1790, of the National Assembly in 1791.
Among his writings were : (The Friend of Men'
(1755); Rural Philosophy) (1763); (The Prus-
sian Monarchy' (1788), his chief work; (Secret
History of the Court of Berlin (1789); etc.
He was the one large statesman of the French
Revolution. ("Works,' best edition,- though
lacking the Prussian Monarchy,' -- by Blanch-
ard, 10 vols. , 1822. ) *
Mirandola (mē-rän'do-lä). See Pico.
Mirecourt, Eugène de (mēr-kör'). A French
novelist and miscellaneous writer; born at Mire-
court, Nov. 19, 1812; died in Tahiti, Feb. 13,
1880. Among his novels were : Confessions
of Marion Delorme) (1848): Memoirs of Ni-
non de Lenclos' ( 1852 ); (The Marchioness de
Courcelles) (1859). His name was originally
Jacquot Mirecourt.
Mistral, Frederi (mēs-träl'). A celebrated
Provençal poet; born at Maillane, Bouches-du-
Rhône, Sept. 8, 1830. After studying law, he
devoted himself to establishing the Provençal
dialect as a literary tongue, and became one
of the originators of the renowned society of
Félibrige (1854), founded for that purpose
His most famous works are the poems (Mi-
rèio' (1858; several editions, and translated into
a number of languages); Calendau) (1867);
and Nerto) (1883). He has published also
Lis Isclo d'Oro) (1875), a collection of fugi-
tive poems; (The Poem of the Rhône) (1897);
two volumes of Lou Tresor dou Felibrige)
(1878–86); a Provençal-French dictionary; etc. *
Mitchel, Frederick Augustus. An Ameri.
can novelist and biographer; born 1839. He
has written: 'Chattanooga) and (Chicka-
mauga, two romances of the Civil War; and
Ormsby Macknight Mitchel, Astronomer and
General (1887), a biography of his father.
Mitchel, Ormsby Macknight. An American
astronomer and soldier ; born in Union County,
Ky. , in 1809 or 1810; died in Beaufort, S. C. ,
of yellow fever, Oct. 30, 1862. He graduated
at West Point in 1829; became professor of
mathematics and astronomy at Cincinnati Col.
lege, O. , 1834, and was largely instrumental in
building and equipping the observatory there;
and was director of the Dudley Observatory,
Albany, N. Y. , 1859. He was made brigadier-
general in the Federal service, 1861; won the
battle of Huntsville, Ala. , April 1862; was pro-
moted to major-general and commander of the
Department of the South. He delivered many
popular lectures on astronomy, and published
(Planetary and Stellar Worlds ); (The Orbs of
Heaven); Elementary Treatise on the Sun);
and Astronomy of the Bible. '
V Mitchell, Donald Grant. (“Ik Marvel. ” ]
A noted American essayist and novelist; born
at Norwich, Conn. , April 1822. Originally a
lawyer, he was consul at Venice 1853–55; he
has since lived on his estate Edgewood, near
New Haven, Conn. His best-known works
are : (Reveries of a Bachelor) (1850); Dream
Life' (1851); “ My Farm of Edgewood’ (1863);
(Wet Days at Edgewood' (1864). He has
written also : ( Doctor Johns) (1866), a novel ;
Bound Together) (1884); (English Lands, Let-
ters, and Kings) (1889–90); etc.
Mitchell, John Ames. An American jour-
nalist and novelist ; born in Massachusetts, 1845.
He is the editor of Life. He has published :
(The Summer School of Philosophy at Mount
Desert) (1881); (Romance of the Moon (1886);
(That First Affair, and Other Stories); etc.
Mitchell, Langdon Elwyn. [John Philip
Varley. ” ] An American writer, son of S.
Weir; born in Philadelphia, 1862. He is author
of (Love in the Backwoods, prose stories.
Mitchell, Silas Weir. A distinguished Amer-
ican physician, poet, and novelist; born in
Philadelphia, Feb. 15, 1829. He is noted as a
specialist in toxicology, nervous disorders, etc. ,
the results of his researches being embodied in
a number of valuable medical works. He has
achieved a high reputation by his purely liter-
ary books: Hephzibah Guinness, and Other
Stories) (1880); ' In War Time) (1885), a novel ;
(Poems) (1882-87); (Characteristics) (1893);
(Hugh Wynne) (1897). *
Mitchell, Walter.
An American prose and
verse writer; born in Massachusetts in 1826.
He is an Episcopalian clergyman of New
York city, and writer of (Two Strings to his
Bow); (Bryan Maurice,' a novel; and (Tack-
ing Off Shore,' a notable poem.
Mitford, Mary Russell. A distinguished
English miscellaneous writer; born at Alres-
ford, Hampshire, Dec. 16, 1787; died at Swallow-
field, Jan. 10, 1855. Her father (a physician)
having dissipated several fortunes, she adopted
literature as a means of family support. Her
most famous works were : 'Our Village (5 vols. ,
1824-32); and (Recollections of a Literary Life)
(1852-54). Other works were the tragedies
(Julian' (1823), (The Foscari(1826), and Ri-
enzi? (1828), all produced by Macready or
Charles Kemble, the last being the best ; (Bel-
ford Regis) (1835), a novel ; poems, short stories,
juvenile stories, etc. ; besides which she was a
contributor to periodicals and all sorts of occas-
ional publications. *
Mitford, William. An English historian;
born in London, Feb. 10, 1744; died at Exbury,
Feb. 10, 1827. He was admitted to the bar, but
never practiced; was Member of Parliament
for over twenty years, and professor of history
at the Royal Academy. His principal and not.
able work was the History of Greece): Vol.
i. , 1784; Vol. v. , 1818. (Best edition, 8 vols. ,
1838. )
Mivart, St. George (miv'ärt). An English
naturalist ; born in London, Nov. 30, 1827. le
was professor of biology in University College,
1874-77 ; has been professor of the philosophy
of natural history at the University of Louvain,
Belgium, since 1890. Among his chief works
are : (Genesis of Species) (1870-71); (Man and
Apes! (1873);'Contemporary Evolution (1876);
(Origin of Human Reason) (1889); (Types of
25
## p. 386 (#402) ############################################
386
MOE - MOLLER
(
Animal Life) (1893). Though an evolutionist,
he is well known as denying that evolution
accounts for the human intellect.
Moe, Jörgen Ingebrektsen (mõ'e). A dis-
tinguished Norwegian poet and folk-lorist;
born in the district of Ringerike, about 1813;
died at Christiansand, 1880 (? ). He became
bishop of Christiansand in 1875. The influ-
ence on Norwegian language, literature, and
art, of the popular fairy tales collected at great
pains by him, can hardly be exaggerated. He
wrote : (Digte) (Poems: 2d ed. 1856); “In the
Well and in the Tarn (1851), stories for child-
ren; Norwegian Folk-Tales) (5th ed. 1874 ;
English translation as ( Popular Tales from the
Norse) by Dasent, 3d ed. 1888), with P. C.
Asbjörnsen; etc. ("Works, 1877. )
Moffat, James Clement. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Glencree, Galloway,
Scotland, May 30, 1811; died in Princeton, N. J. ,
June 7, 1890. He contributed numerous articles
to periodicals, and published A Rhyme of the
North Countrie) (1847); "Life of Dr. Thomas
Chalmers) (1853); (Song and Scenery; or, A
Summer Ramble in Scotland (1874); (Church
History in Brief) (1885); (The Story of a
Dedicated Life' (1887).
Moffat, Robert. A noted Scottish mission.
ary; born at Ormiston, Dec. 21, 1795; died at
Leigh, Kent, Aug. 9, 1883. Originally a gar-
dener, he went to South Africa as a mission-
ary in 1816, remaining till 1870; he translated
parts of the Bible, hymn-books, etc. , into the
Bechuana and other barbaric languages, and
was very successful. He wrote Labors and
Scenes in South Africa) (1842). One of his
daughters married Dr. Livingstone, the Afri-
can explorer.
Mohl, Julius von (mõl). A German-French
Orientalist ; born at Stuttgart, Würtemberg, Oct.
25, 1800; died at Paris, Jan. 4, 1876. He was
professor of Oriental literature at Tübingen in
1826; professor of Persian literature in the Col-
lège de France, 1845. His principal work was
his edition of Firdausi's (Shah Namah' (The
Book of the Kings: 6 vols. , Paris, 1836-68, text
and translation).
Mokry, Otokar (mok'rē). A Bohemian poet
and novelist; born at Budweis, 1854. He is
State notary at Vodnany, and editor of the ( Peo-
ple's Cheap Library! He is a romanticist. He
has written: in verse, Melodies from South-
ern Bohemia) (1880), Poems) (1883), (On
the Maiden's Rock) (1885), "Reflections and
Legends) (1888); and in prose, “Short Stories
and Arabesques) (1883), (Short Stories and
Sketches) (1886); etc.
Molbech, Christian Knud Frederik (mol'.
bech). A Danish poet and dramatist; born at
Copenhagen, July 20, 1821 ; died at Kiel, May
20, 1888. He was professor of Danish language
and literature at Kiel, 1853–64; then a journal-
ist at Copenhagen ; censor at the royal theatre,
Copenhagen. Among his works were: Pict-
ures from the Life of Jesus) (1840), a volume
of poems; “The Bride of the Mountain King'
(1845), and “The Venusberg' (1845), dramas;
(Twilight) (1851), poems; Poems, Lyric and
Dramatic) (1863); (The Financier,' a comedy.
(Poetical Works, new ed. 1879. )
Molesworth, Mrs. Mary Louisa (Stewart).
[“Ennis Graham. ”] An English novelist and
writer for children; born of Scotch parentage
at Rotterdam, Holland, 1842. She has lived
several years in France and Germany. Among
her works are the novels Lover and Hus-
band' (new ed. 1873), "She was Young and
He was Old) (1872), (Cicely) (1874), Miss
Bouverie) (1880); and the juveniles (Tell
Me a Story) (1875), 'Carrots) (1876), (Children
of the Castle (1890), Hollow Tree House,
etc. (1894).
Molière (mo-lyār'), the stage name of Jean
Baptiste Poquelin. The greatest of French
dramatists; born in Paris, Jan. 15(? ), 1622 ; died
there, Feb. 17, 1673. His greatest works were his
comedies of character, (The School for Wives)
(1662); (Tartuffe (1664), thought by many to be
his masterpiece; Don Juan' (1665); 'The Mis-
anthrope) (1666); (The Miser! (1668); (The
Tradesman Turned Gentleman) (1670); (The
Learned Ladies) (1672); (The Imaginary In-
valid (1673). Other renowned dramas were:
(The Affected Ladies) (1659); (Sganarelle
(1660); (The School for Husbands) (1661);
(The Physician in Spite of Himself (1666);
(Georges Dandin (1668). *
Molina, Juan Ignacio (mo-lē'nä). A Jesuit
historian; born in the province of Talca, Chili,
June 24, 1737; died at Bologna, Italy, Sept.
12, 1829. After 1774 he resided at Bologna,
teaching and devoting his leisure to the com-
position of valuable historical works on Chili.
These were: “Compendium of Chilian His.
tory); (Essay on Chilian Natural History)
(1782); “Essay on Chilian Civil History' (1787),
the last-named being translated into several lan-
guages, including English ; etc.
Molinos, Miguel (mo-lē'nos). A Spanish
mystic, founder of the Quietists; born near Sa-
ragossa, Dec. 21, 1640; died at Rome, Dec. 29,
1696 or 1697. He was a priest at Rome. His
principal work, A Spiritual Guide) (1675),
maintained that godliness consists in uninter-
rupted communion with God through contem-
plation - the doctrine called "Quietism. This
being thought to imperil the doctrine of good
actions, the book was condemned (1687); and
in spite of recanting, he was imprisoned for
life, dying in confinement.
Möller, Peter Ludwig (mėl'ler). A Danish
poet and art critic; born at Aalborg, April 18,
1814; died at Rouen, Dec. 7, 1865. He spent
the last fifteen years of his life in Paris. He
published Lyrical Poems) (1840); Critical
Sketches) (1847); Pictures and Songs) (1847);
(Falling of the Leaves) (1855, under the pseu.
donym of «Otto Sommer”); and the interesting
work Modern Comedy in France and Den-
mark) (1858).
a
.
## p. 387 (#403) ############################################
MÖLLER - MONROE
387
Möller, Poul Martin. A Danish poet, nov.
elist, and philosophical writer; born at Veile,
March 21, 1794; died at Copenhagen, March
13, 1838. He was professor of philosophy, at
Christiania, Norway, 1828–31, and at Copenha-
gen in 1831. Of a number of fine lyrics, the
best-known was his "Joy over Denmark. In
fiction he wrote (Eyvind the Skald, (A Danish
Student's Adventure,' etc. His philosophical
writings are contained in his (Posthumous
Works) (3d ed. 1856). He wrote also Notes
Taken on a Journey to China. Poetry and
Prose,' selections, appeared in 1891.
Moltke, Count Hellmuth Karl Bernhard
von (molt'kė). The famous Prussian field-mar-
shal; born at Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
Oct. 26, 1800; died at Berlin, April 24, 1891.
Having reorganized the Prussian army (1858–
63), he won the Franco-Prussian war, 1870–71;
became field-marshal, 1871; life member of the
Prussian Upper House, 1872. He published :
(The Russo-Turkish Campaign, 1828-29) (2d
ed. 1877); “History of the Franco-Prussian War)
(1891); "Letters) (1892); "Letters on Conditions
in Turkey) (6th ed. 1893); etc. (Works, 1891-
93. Military Works, 1892-93).
Mommsen, Theodor (mom'zen). A famous
German historian; born at Garding, Schleswig,
Nov. 30, 1817. He was professor of law at
Leipzig, 1848–50; of Roman law, at Zürich
1852-54, at Breslau 1854-58; of ancient history
at Berlin, 1858; member of the Prussian House
of Delegates. His great work is (Roman His.
tory) (1854-56; 8th ed. 1888–89; vol. 5, 3d ed.
1886). He has written besides, Roman Chro-
nology down to Cæsar' (2d ed. 1859); History
of Roman Coinage) (1860); (Roman Investi.
gations) (1864-79); “History of Roman Political
Law) (3d ed. 1888). He was editor-in-chief of
the great Body of Latin Inscriptions) (15 vols.
and supplement, 1863-93). His historical work
incorporates the results of vast learning in
widely severed fields. *
Monboddo, James Burnet, Lord (mon-bod'.
do). A distinguished Scottish judge and phil-
osophical writer; born at Monboddo, 1714;
died at Edinburgh, May 26, 1799. He wrote:
Dissertation on Language) (6 vols. , 1773-92),
and Ancient Metaphysics) (6 vols. , 1779-99);
both works upholding the theory that the hu-
man race was developed from simian stock.
Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. An English
Orientalist; born at Bombay, India, 1819. He
was professor of Sanskrit at Haileybury Col-
lege 1844-58, Cheltenham College 1858-60, Ox-
ford 1860. His books include : Sanskrit gram-
mars (1846 and 1860); English-Sanskrit (1851)
and Sanskrit-English (1872) dictionaries; edi-
tions of Kālidāsa's Çakuntalā (1853) — which he
introduced to the English-speaking world –
and other Sanskrit texts; (Rudiments of Hin-
dustani) (1858); (Indian Epic Poetry) (1863);
"Indian Wisdom (1875); "Hinduism (1877);
(Modern India and the Indians) (1878); (Reli-
gious Thought and Life in India (1883); (The
Holy Bible and the Sacred Books of the East)
(1887); and (Buddhism in its Connection with
Brahminism and Hinduism, and in its Contrast
with Christianity) — the Duff Lectures (1889).
Monkhouse, William Cosmo. An English
art critic, poet, and novelist. Among his works
are : (A Dream of Idleness) (1865), verse ; (A
Question of Honor) (1868), a novel; (Master-
pieces of English Art) (1868); “Turner) (1879,
in the "Great Artists) series); Italian Pre-
Raphaelites) (1887); etc.
Monnier, Marc (mo-nyā'). A French scholar
and miscellaneous writer; born at Florence,
Italy, Dec. 7, 1827; died at Geneva, April 18,
1885. He was professor of comparative liter-
ature at Geneva. Among his works were: 'Is
Italy the Land of the Dead ? ) (1830), which
made a sensation; 'Permitted Loves) (1861), a
novel; (Figaro's Ancestors) (1868), an essay
in dramatic history; (Plays for Marionettes)
(1871); (Geneva and its Poets' (1874); "Popu-
lar Tales in Italy) (1880); "History of Modern
Literature) (2 vols. , 1884-85); and in verse
(Lucioles) (1863), (Poems) (1872).
Monod, Gabriel Jacques Jean (mõ-no'). A
distinguished French historian; born at Ingou-
ville, near Havre, May 7, 1844. Since 1880
he has been a lecturer at the Normal School,
Paris. Chiefly noted for his researches in me-
diæval history, he has published: (Germans
and French) (1872); (Jules Michelet) (1875);
Critical Studies on the Sources of Merovin-
gian History' (1872-85); the school text-books,
(Short Universal History) (1883), with M. G.
Dhombre, and History of France to Louis
XI. ” (1884), with P. Boudois; (Bibliography of
the History of France) (1888), indispensable
to the student; a translation of J. R. Green's
(History of the English People' (with his
brother, A. M. Monod); articles in French and
English reviews; etc.
Monroe, Harriet. An American poet and
biographer; born 18—. She has written (Co-
lumbian Ode) (1893), composed for the open-
ing celebration of the World's Columbian Ex-
position ; (John Wellborn Root' (1896), a study
of his life and work.
Monroe, James. The fifth President of the
United States; born in Westmoreland County,
Va. , April 28, 1758; died in New York, July 4,
1831. He served in the Revolutionary War,
was useful to his State and country in many
conspicuous positions, and was President of the
United States for two terms, 1817-25. The time
of his administration is known as the era of
good feeling," from the lack of party divisions,
the Federalist party having been absorbed in
the Democratic. Among its chief events were
the acquisition of Florida, 1819; the Missouri
Compromise, 1820; and the statement of the
(Monroe Doctrine, 1823. He published : 'Con-
duct of the Executive in the Foreign Affairs
of the United States) (1798); (Tour of Obser-
vation through the North-Eastern and North-
Western States) (1818); (The People the Sov-
ereigns'; etc.
(
## p. 388 (#404) ############################################
388
MONSELL - MONTEMAYOR
Monsell, James Samuel Bewley. An Eng.
lish divine and hymn-writer; born at St. Co-
lumb's, Derry, Ireland, March 2, 1811; died
April 9, 1875, at Guildford, England, his final
church living. Among his popular publica-
tions of devotional poetry were : (Parish Mus-
ings) (7th ed.
ican educator and popular writer for the young;
born in Connecticut, 1833. She is president of
the Woman's College of the Northwestern Uni-
versity, III. Among her works are : (From Ava-
lon and Other Poems); (The Royal Road to
Fortune) (1875); the 'Kirkwood) series; etc.
Miller, Harriet (Mann). f Olive Thorne
Miller. ”] An American writer of children's
stories; born in Auburn, N. Y. , 1831; particularly
distinguished for her descriptive books of birds
and their habits. Included in her publications
are : (A Bird-Lover in the West); (In Nesting
Time); "Little Folks in Feathers and Fur);
(Our Home Pets); and "Little People of Asia. '
Miller, Hugh. A noted Scottish geologist,
whose writings first made geology popularly
known; born at Cromarty, Oct. 10, 1802; died
near Edinburgh, Dec. 2, 1856. Beginning life
as a stone-mason (1819-36), he became bank
accountant at Cromarty (1834), and editor of
an Edinburgh newspaper (1840). His chief
works were : (The Old Red Sandstone) (1841);
(Footprints of the Creator) (1847); (My Schools
and Schoolmasters) (1852); (Testimony of the
Rocks) (1857). He published besides Poems)
(1829); (Scenes and Legends of the North of
Scotland) (1835); etc.
Miller, Joaquin. See Miller, C. H.
Miller, Johann Martin. A German novel-
ist and poet; born at Ulm, Dec. 3, 1750; died
there, June 21, 1814. He was professor at Ulm
(1781); dean and clerical councilor (1810). He
was best known by (Siegwart, a Convent Tale)
(1776). He wrote also in prose: (Contribu-
tion to the History of the Tender Passion)
(1776); “Correspondence between Three Col-
lege Friends) (1776); “Story of Charles of
Burgheim and Emilia of Rosenau (1778); etc. :
while several of his Poems) (1783) became
popular songs.
Miller, Olive Thorno. See Miller, Har-
riet M.
Miller, Orest Fedorovich (mil'er). A Rus-
sian political, archæolo, ical, and critical writer;
born in Reval, 1833. He is one of the lead.
ing Slavophils; teacher of Russian literature
in the University of St. Petersburg (1861). He
has written : (The Slav Question in Life and
Knowledge) (1865); "Lomonosov and the Re-
forms of Peter the Great) (1866); Ilja Muro-
vetz and the Heroes of Kiev' (1869), a study
of Russian popular myths; (The Slav World
and Europe) (1877), his most successful work;
(Lectures on Russian Literature after Gog
(3d ed. 1887); etc.
Miller, Stephen Franks. An American law.
yer and biographical writer; born in North
Carolina about 1810; died 1867. He wrote:
(Bench and Bar of Georgia) (2 vols. , 1858), a
valuable collection of biographies and histor-
ical matter; (Memoir of General Blackshear and
the War in Georgia, 1813-14' (1858); (Wilkins
Wylder) (1860).
Miller, Thomas. An English poet, novelist,
and writer on rural life; born at Gainsborough,
1807; died in London, Oct. 24, 1874. He sup-
ported himself as a basket-maker, till Rogers
the poet enabled him to open a book-store in
London. He wrote: (Royston Gower) (1838),
a novel; (Rural Sketches) (1839), in verse;
(Gideon Giles, the Roper) (1840) and (God-
frey Malvern) (1843), novels; History of the
## p. 384 (#400) ############################################
384
MILLER - MIRABEAU
(
Anglo-Saxons) (1848; four editions since); etc.
With G. W. M. Reynolds, he wrote Vol. v. of
the Mysteries of London.
Miller, William. A Scottish poet; born in
Bridgegate, Glasgow, August 1810; died at
Glasgow, Aug. 20, 1872. Uncertain health pre-
venting his becoming a physician, he adopted
the trade of wood-turning. He has been called
( the laureate of the nursery. ” He wrote:
(Scottish Nursery Songs and Other Poems)
(1863). One of his most popular single poems
was (Wee Willie Winkie. )
Millet, Francis Davis. An American artist,
story-writer, and noted war correspondent; born
at Mattapoisett, Mass. , Nov. 3, 1846. He was
very successful as correspondent of the Lon-
don Daily News in the Turco-Russian war, and
has been a frequent contributor to periodicals.
He has published in book form (A Capillary
Crime, and Other Stories); and (The Danube
from the Black Forest to the Black Sea.
Mills, Abraham. An American prose-writer;
born in Dutchess County, N. Y. , in 1796; died
in New York city, July 8, 1867. He published
(Literature and Literary Men of Great Brit-
ain and Ireland) (2 vols. , 1851); (Outlines of
Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres) (1854); Poets
and Poetry of the Ancient Greeks) (1854);
“Compendium of the History of the Ancient
Hebrews) (1856).
Milman, Henry Hart. A distinguished Eng.
lish clergyman, historian, and poet ; born in
London, Feb. 10, 1791 ; died near Ascot, Sept.
24, 1868. He was professor of poetry at Ox.
ford, 1821-31; Bampton lecturer 1827; canon of
Westminster 1835; dean of St. Paul's 1849. His
(History of the Jews) (1830) excited intense
antagonism, being the first attempt to apply
secular historical methods to the sacred history,
though not irreverently. In 1838 he edited
Gibbon's (Decline and Fall of the Roman Em-
pire,' and in 1839 published a Life of Gibbon.
He wrote History of Christianity under the
Empire' (1840), and published in 1855 his most
important work, «The History of Latin Christ-
ianity down to the Death of Pope Nicholas V. !
In verse he produced (Samor) (1818), an epic;
(Fall of Jerusalem) (1820); etc. The drama
(Fazio) (1815), written while he was at Ox-
ford, was performed in 1818 by Charles Kem-
ble and Miss O'Neill, and by Madame Ristori
in 1856. He also wrote a history of St. Paul's
Cathedral. His (Essays and Memoirs) were
collected by his son in 1870.
Milnes, Richard Monckton (milz). See
Houghton.
Milton, John. One of the greatest of Eng.
lish poets; born in London, Dec. 9, 1608; died
there, Nov. 8, 1674. He graduated at Cambridge
in 1629; traveled in Italy, 1638; was Latin sec-
retary of the Commonwealth, 1649; became to-
tally blind in 1652. His greatest works were the
famous epics Paradise Lost' (1666) and (Para-
dise Regained' (1671); the tragedy (Samson
Agonistes) (1671); the poems Comus (1634),
Lycidas) (1637), L'Allegro) (1645), Il Pen-
seroso' (1645); and his various sonnets. Of his
prose writings the most renowned were Areo-
pagitica' (1644), advocating freedom of the
press ; (The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates)
(1649), justifying the execution of Charles I. ;
and the Defence of the English People
(1654). *
Mines, John Flavel. (“Felix Oldboy. ”] An
American journalist, descriptive writer, and
writer of verse ; born in Paris, 1835; died 1891.
Originally a student of theology, he entered
the army as chaplain in 1861; but afterward
abandoned the ministry, received a commis-
sion, and was mustered out as lieutenant-colonel
in 1865. He published: (Heroes of the Last
Lustre' (1858), verse; “Tour around New York,
by Mr. Felix Oldboy) (1888).
Minghetti, Marco (min-get'tē). An Italian
statesman, journalist, and miscellaneous writer;
born at Bologna, Nov. 8, 1818; died at Rome,
Dec. 10, 1886. A conspicuous political figure in
his day, he occupied for a number of years the
highest positions, and was very influential in
the government. He wrote: (Relation of Pub.
lic Economy to Morality and Right) (2d ed.
1868), his most remarkable work ;(Literary and
Economic Pamphlets) (1872); Italian Ladies
in the Fine Arts) (1877); Church and State'
(1878); Raphael (1885), a biography; My
Recollections) (1888-91); etc.
Minot, Laurence. An English lyric poet;
born 1300 (? ); died 1352 (? ). Scarcely anything
is known of his life. His poetry expressed
the militant England of his time, being devoted
to the triumph of England over the French and
Scots. First printed in 1795; latest edition,
edited by Joseph Hall, Clarendon Press, 1887.
Minto, William. A Scottish scholar and
miscellaneous writer; born in Alford, Aber-
deenshire, Oct. 10, 1845; died at Aberdeen,
March 1, 1893. He was editor of the Lon-
don Examiner, 1874-78; professor of logic and
English literature at the University of Aber-
deen, 1880. Besides several novels, articles in
the "Encyclopædia Britannica, contributions
to reviews, etc. , he published (English Prose
Writers) (1872); and (English Poets) (1874).
Mira de Mescua or Amescua, Antonio (më'.
rä dā mā'-skwä). A Spanish poet and dram-
atist; born at Guadix, about 1570; died at Ma-
drid, 1635. He was court chaplain at Granada,
and afterward chaplain of honor to Philip IV.
at Madrid. Calderon and Corneille borrowed
from his works. A few of his lyrics can be
seen in Vol. xiii. , five of his plays in Vol. xiv. ,
of Rivadeneyra's Library of Spanish Authors.
Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré de Riquetti,
Count of (mē-rä-bo'). A famous French ora-
tor and revolutionist; born at Bignon, March
9, 1749; died in Paris, April 2, 1791. He rose
to the rank of captain in the army; in 1789
was delegate of the Third Estate to the conven-
tion of the States-General, where his eloquence
made him a power; president of the Jacobin
## p. 385 (#401) ############################################
MIRANDOLA – MIVART
385
*
а
Club in 1790, of the National Assembly in 1791.
Among his writings were : (The Friend of Men'
(1755); Rural Philosophy) (1763); (The Prus-
sian Monarchy' (1788), his chief work; (Secret
History of the Court of Berlin (1789); etc.
He was the one large statesman of the French
Revolution. ("Works,' best edition,- though
lacking the Prussian Monarchy,' -- by Blanch-
ard, 10 vols. , 1822. ) *
Mirandola (mē-rän'do-lä). See Pico.
Mirecourt, Eugène de (mēr-kör'). A French
novelist and miscellaneous writer; born at Mire-
court, Nov. 19, 1812; died in Tahiti, Feb. 13,
1880. Among his novels were : Confessions
of Marion Delorme) (1848): Memoirs of Ni-
non de Lenclos' ( 1852 ); (The Marchioness de
Courcelles) (1859). His name was originally
Jacquot Mirecourt.
Mistral, Frederi (mēs-träl'). A celebrated
Provençal poet; born at Maillane, Bouches-du-
Rhône, Sept. 8, 1830. After studying law, he
devoted himself to establishing the Provençal
dialect as a literary tongue, and became one
of the originators of the renowned society of
Félibrige (1854), founded for that purpose
His most famous works are the poems (Mi-
rèio' (1858; several editions, and translated into
a number of languages); Calendau) (1867);
and Nerto) (1883). He has published also
Lis Isclo d'Oro) (1875), a collection of fugi-
tive poems; (The Poem of the Rhône) (1897);
two volumes of Lou Tresor dou Felibrige)
(1878–86); a Provençal-French dictionary; etc. *
Mitchel, Frederick Augustus. An Ameri.
can novelist and biographer; born 1839. He
has written: 'Chattanooga) and (Chicka-
mauga, two romances of the Civil War; and
Ormsby Macknight Mitchel, Astronomer and
General (1887), a biography of his father.
Mitchel, Ormsby Macknight. An American
astronomer and soldier ; born in Union County,
Ky. , in 1809 or 1810; died in Beaufort, S. C. ,
of yellow fever, Oct. 30, 1862. He graduated
at West Point in 1829; became professor of
mathematics and astronomy at Cincinnati Col.
lege, O. , 1834, and was largely instrumental in
building and equipping the observatory there;
and was director of the Dudley Observatory,
Albany, N. Y. , 1859. He was made brigadier-
general in the Federal service, 1861; won the
battle of Huntsville, Ala. , April 1862; was pro-
moted to major-general and commander of the
Department of the South. He delivered many
popular lectures on astronomy, and published
(Planetary and Stellar Worlds ); (The Orbs of
Heaven); Elementary Treatise on the Sun);
and Astronomy of the Bible. '
V Mitchell, Donald Grant. (“Ik Marvel. ” ]
A noted American essayist and novelist; born
at Norwich, Conn. , April 1822. Originally a
lawyer, he was consul at Venice 1853–55; he
has since lived on his estate Edgewood, near
New Haven, Conn. His best-known works
are : (Reveries of a Bachelor) (1850); Dream
Life' (1851); “ My Farm of Edgewood’ (1863);
(Wet Days at Edgewood' (1864). He has
written also : ( Doctor Johns) (1866), a novel ;
Bound Together) (1884); (English Lands, Let-
ters, and Kings) (1889–90); etc.
Mitchell, John Ames. An American jour-
nalist and novelist ; born in Massachusetts, 1845.
He is the editor of Life. He has published :
(The Summer School of Philosophy at Mount
Desert) (1881); (Romance of the Moon (1886);
(That First Affair, and Other Stories); etc.
Mitchell, Langdon Elwyn. [John Philip
Varley. ” ] An American writer, son of S.
Weir; born in Philadelphia, 1862. He is author
of (Love in the Backwoods, prose stories.
Mitchell, Silas Weir. A distinguished Amer-
ican physician, poet, and novelist; born in
Philadelphia, Feb. 15, 1829. He is noted as a
specialist in toxicology, nervous disorders, etc. ,
the results of his researches being embodied in
a number of valuable medical works. He has
achieved a high reputation by his purely liter-
ary books: Hephzibah Guinness, and Other
Stories) (1880); ' In War Time) (1885), a novel ;
(Poems) (1882-87); (Characteristics) (1893);
(Hugh Wynne) (1897). *
Mitchell, Walter.
An American prose and
verse writer; born in Massachusetts in 1826.
He is an Episcopalian clergyman of New
York city, and writer of (Two Strings to his
Bow); (Bryan Maurice,' a novel; and (Tack-
ing Off Shore,' a notable poem.
Mitford, Mary Russell. A distinguished
English miscellaneous writer; born at Alres-
ford, Hampshire, Dec. 16, 1787; died at Swallow-
field, Jan. 10, 1855. Her father (a physician)
having dissipated several fortunes, she adopted
literature as a means of family support. Her
most famous works were : 'Our Village (5 vols. ,
1824-32); and (Recollections of a Literary Life)
(1852-54). Other works were the tragedies
(Julian' (1823), (The Foscari(1826), and Ri-
enzi? (1828), all produced by Macready or
Charles Kemble, the last being the best ; (Bel-
ford Regis) (1835), a novel ; poems, short stories,
juvenile stories, etc. ; besides which she was a
contributor to periodicals and all sorts of occas-
ional publications. *
Mitford, William. An English historian;
born in London, Feb. 10, 1744; died at Exbury,
Feb. 10, 1827. He was admitted to the bar, but
never practiced; was Member of Parliament
for over twenty years, and professor of history
at the Royal Academy. His principal and not.
able work was the History of Greece): Vol.
i. , 1784; Vol. v. , 1818. (Best edition, 8 vols. ,
1838. )
Mivart, St. George (miv'ärt). An English
naturalist ; born in London, Nov. 30, 1827. le
was professor of biology in University College,
1874-77 ; has been professor of the philosophy
of natural history at the University of Louvain,
Belgium, since 1890. Among his chief works
are : (Genesis of Species) (1870-71); (Man and
Apes! (1873);'Contemporary Evolution (1876);
(Origin of Human Reason) (1889); (Types of
25
## p. 386 (#402) ############################################
386
MOE - MOLLER
(
Animal Life) (1893). Though an evolutionist,
he is well known as denying that evolution
accounts for the human intellect.
Moe, Jörgen Ingebrektsen (mõ'e). A dis-
tinguished Norwegian poet and folk-lorist;
born in the district of Ringerike, about 1813;
died at Christiansand, 1880 (? ). He became
bishop of Christiansand in 1875. The influ-
ence on Norwegian language, literature, and
art, of the popular fairy tales collected at great
pains by him, can hardly be exaggerated. He
wrote : (Digte) (Poems: 2d ed. 1856); “In the
Well and in the Tarn (1851), stories for child-
ren; Norwegian Folk-Tales) (5th ed. 1874 ;
English translation as ( Popular Tales from the
Norse) by Dasent, 3d ed. 1888), with P. C.
Asbjörnsen; etc. ("Works, 1877. )
Moffat, James Clement. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Glencree, Galloway,
Scotland, May 30, 1811; died in Princeton, N. J. ,
June 7, 1890. He contributed numerous articles
to periodicals, and published A Rhyme of the
North Countrie) (1847); "Life of Dr. Thomas
Chalmers) (1853); (Song and Scenery; or, A
Summer Ramble in Scotland (1874); (Church
History in Brief) (1885); (The Story of a
Dedicated Life' (1887).
Moffat, Robert. A noted Scottish mission.
ary; born at Ormiston, Dec. 21, 1795; died at
Leigh, Kent, Aug. 9, 1883. Originally a gar-
dener, he went to South Africa as a mission-
ary in 1816, remaining till 1870; he translated
parts of the Bible, hymn-books, etc. , into the
Bechuana and other barbaric languages, and
was very successful. He wrote Labors and
Scenes in South Africa) (1842). One of his
daughters married Dr. Livingstone, the Afri-
can explorer.
Mohl, Julius von (mõl). A German-French
Orientalist ; born at Stuttgart, Würtemberg, Oct.
25, 1800; died at Paris, Jan. 4, 1876. He was
professor of Oriental literature at Tübingen in
1826; professor of Persian literature in the Col-
lège de France, 1845. His principal work was
his edition of Firdausi's (Shah Namah' (The
Book of the Kings: 6 vols. , Paris, 1836-68, text
and translation).
Mokry, Otokar (mok'rē). A Bohemian poet
and novelist; born at Budweis, 1854. He is
State notary at Vodnany, and editor of the ( Peo-
ple's Cheap Library! He is a romanticist. He
has written: in verse, Melodies from South-
ern Bohemia) (1880), Poems) (1883), (On
the Maiden's Rock) (1885), "Reflections and
Legends) (1888); and in prose, “Short Stories
and Arabesques) (1883), (Short Stories and
Sketches) (1886); etc.
Molbech, Christian Knud Frederik (mol'.
bech). A Danish poet and dramatist; born at
Copenhagen, July 20, 1821 ; died at Kiel, May
20, 1888. He was professor of Danish language
and literature at Kiel, 1853–64; then a journal-
ist at Copenhagen ; censor at the royal theatre,
Copenhagen. Among his works were: Pict-
ures from the Life of Jesus) (1840), a volume
of poems; “The Bride of the Mountain King'
(1845), and “The Venusberg' (1845), dramas;
(Twilight) (1851), poems; Poems, Lyric and
Dramatic) (1863); (The Financier,' a comedy.
(Poetical Works, new ed. 1879. )
Molesworth, Mrs. Mary Louisa (Stewart).
[“Ennis Graham. ”] An English novelist and
writer for children; born of Scotch parentage
at Rotterdam, Holland, 1842. She has lived
several years in France and Germany. Among
her works are the novels Lover and Hus-
band' (new ed. 1873), "She was Young and
He was Old) (1872), (Cicely) (1874), Miss
Bouverie) (1880); and the juveniles (Tell
Me a Story) (1875), 'Carrots) (1876), (Children
of the Castle (1890), Hollow Tree House,
etc. (1894).
Molière (mo-lyār'), the stage name of Jean
Baptiste Poquelin. The greatest of French
dramatists; born in Paris, Jan. 15(? ), 1622 ; died
there, Feb. 17, 1673. His greatest works were his
comedies of character, (The School for Wives)
(1662); (Tartuffe (1664), thought by many to be
his masterpiece; Don Juan' (1665); 'The Mis-
anthrope) (1666); (The Miser! (1668); (The
Tradesman Turned Gentleman) (1670); (The
Learned Ladies) (1672); (The Imaginary In-
valid (1673). Other renowned dramas were:
(The Affected Ladies) (1659); (Sganarelle
(1660); (The School for Husbands) (1661);
(The Physician in Spite of Himself (1666);
(Georges Dandin (1668). *
Molina, Juan Ignacio (mo-lē'nä). A Jesuit
historian; born in the province of Talca, Chili,
June 24, 1737; died at Bologna, Italy, Sept.
12, 1829. After 1774 he resided at Bologna,
teaching and devoting his leisure to the com-
position of valuable historical works on Chili.
These were: “Compendium of Chilian His.
tory); (Essay on Chilian Natural History)
(1782); “Essay on Chilian Civil History' (1787),
the last-named being translated into several lan-
guages, including English ; etc.
Molinos, Miguel (mo-lē'nos). A Spanish
mystic, founder of the Quietists; born near Sa-
ragossa, Dec. 21, 1640; died at Rome, Dec. 29,
1696 or 1697. He was a priest at Rome. His
principal work, A Spiritual Guide) (1675),
maintained that godliness consists in uninter-
rupted communion with God through contem-
plation - the doctrine called "Quietism. This
being thought to imperil the doctrine of good
actions, the book was condemned (1687); and
in spite of recanting, he was imprisoned for
life, dying in confinement.
Möller, Peter Ludwig (mėl'ler). A Danish
poet and art critic; born at Aalborg, April 18,
1814; died at Rouen, Dec. 7, 1865. He spent
the last fifteen years of his life in Paris. He
published Lyrical Poems) (1840); Critical
Sketches) (1847); Pictures and Songs) (1847);
(Falling of the Leaves) (1855, under the pseu.
donym of «Otto Sommer”); and the interesting
work Modern Comedy in France and Den-
mark) (1858).
a
.
## p. 387 (#403) ############################################
MÖLLER - MONROE
387
Möller, Poul Martin. A Danish poet, nov.
elist, and philosophical writer; born at Veile,
March 21, 1794; died at Copenhagen, March
13, 1838. He was professor of philosophy, at
Christiania, Norway, 1828–31, and at Copenha-
gen in 1831. Of a number of fine lyrics, the
best-known was his "Joy over Denmark. In
fiction he wrote (Eyvind the Skald, (A Danish
Student's Adventure,' etc. His philosophical
writings are contained in his (Posthumous
Works) (3d ed. 1856). He wrote also Notes
Taken on a Journey to China. Poetry and
Prose,' selections, appeared in 1891.
Moltke, Count Hellmuth Karl Bernhard
von (molt'kė). The famous Prussian field-mar-
shal; born at Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
Oct. 26, 1800; died at Berlin, April 24, 1891.
Having reorganized the Prussian army (1858–
63), he won the Franco-Prussian war, 1870–71;
became field-marshal, 1871; life member of the
Prussian Upper House, 1872. He published :
(The Russo-Turkish Campaign, 1828-29) (2d
ed. 1877); “History of the Franco-Prussian War)
(1891); "Letters) (1892); "Letters on Conditions
in Turkey) (6th ed. 1893); etc. (Works, 1891-
93. Military Works, 1892-93).
Mommsen, Theodor (mom'zen). A famous
German historian; born at Garding, Schleswig,
Nov. 30, 1817. He was professor of law at
Leipzig, 1848–50; of Roman law, at Zürich
1852-54, at Breslau 1854-58; of ancient history
at Berlin, 1858; member of the Prussian House
of Delegates. His great work is (Roman His.
tory) (1854-56; 8th ed. 1888–89; vol. 5, 3d ed.
1886). He has written besides, Roman Chro-
nology down to Cæsar' (2d ed. 1859); History
of Roman Coinage) (1860); (Roman Investi.
gations) (1864-79); “History of Roman Political
Law) (3d ed. 1888). He was editor-in-chief of
the great Body of Latin Inscriptions) (15 vols.
and supplement, 1863-93). His historical work
incorporates the results of vast learning in
widely severed fields. *
Monboddo, James Burnet, Lord (mon-bod'.
do). A distinguished Scottish judge and phil-
osophical writer; born at Monboddo, 1714;
died at Edinburgh, May 26, 1799. He wrote:
Dissertation on Language) (6 vols. , 1773-92),
and Ancient Metaphysics) (6 vols. , 1779-99);
both works upholding the theory that the hu-
man race was developed from simian stock.
Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. An English
Orientalist; born at Bombay, India, 1819. He
was professor of Sanskrit at Haileybury Col-
lege 1844-58, Cheltenham College 1858-60, Ox-
ford 1860. His books include : Sanskrit gram-
mars (1846 and 1860); English-Sanskrit (1851)
and Sanskrit-English (1872) dictionaries; edi-
tions of Kālidāsa's Çakuntalā (1853) — which he
introduced to the English-speaking world –
and other Sanskrit texts; (Rudiments of Hin-
dustani) (1858); (Indian Epic Poetry) (1863);
"Indian Wisdom (1875); "Hinduism (1877);
(Modern India and the Indians) (1878); (Reli-
gious Thought and Life in India (1883); (The
Holy Bible and the Sacred Books of the East)
(1887); and (Buddhism in its Connection with
Brahminism and Hinduism, and in its Contrast
with Christianity) — the Duff Lectures (1889).
Monkhouse, William Cosmo. An English
art critic, poet, and novelist. Among his works
are : (A Dream of Idleness) (1865), verse ; (A
Question of Honor) (1868), a novel; (Master-
pieces of English Art) (1868); “Turner) (1879,
in the "Great Artists) series); Italian Pre-
Raphaelites) (1887); etc.
Monnier, Marc (mo-nyā'). A French scholar
and miscellaneous writer; born at Florence,
Italy, Dec. 7, 1827; died at Geneva, April 18,
1885. He was professor of comparative liter-
ature at Geneva. Among his works were: 'Is
Italy the Land of the Dead ? ) (1830), which
made a sensation; 'Permitted Loves) (1861), a
novel; (Figaro's Ancestors) (1868), an essay
in dramatic history; (Plays for Marionettes)
(1871); (Geneva and its Poets' (1874); "Popu-
lar Tales in Italy) (1880); "History of Modern
Literature) (2 vols. , 1884-85); and in verse
(Lucioles) (1863), (Poems) (1872).
Monod, Gabriel Jacques Jean (mõ-no'). A
distinguished French historian; born at Ingou-
ville, near Havre, May 7, 1844. Since 1880
he has been a lecturer at the Normal School,
Paris. Chiefly noted for his researches in me-
diæval history, he has published: (Germans
and French) (1872); (Jules Michelet) (1875);
Critical Studies on the Sources of Merovin-
gian History' (1872-85); the school text-books,
(Short Universal History) (1883), with M. G.
Dhombre, and History of France to Louis
XI. ” (1884), with P. Boudois; (Bibliography of
the History of France) (1888), indispensable
to the student; a translation of J. R. Green's
(History of the English People' (with his
brother, A. M. Monod); articles in French and
English reviews; etc.
Monroe, Harriet. An American poet and
biographer; born 18—. She has written (Co-
lumbian Ode) (1893), composed for the open-
ing celebration of the World's Columbian Ex-
position ; (John Wellborn Root' (1896), a study
of his life and work.
Monroe, James. The fifth President of the
United States; born in Westmoreland County,
Va. , April 28, 1758; died in New York, July 4,
1831. He served in the Revolutionary War,
was useful to his State and country in many
conspicuous positions, and was President of the
United States for two terms, 1817-25. The time
of his administration is known as the era of
good feeling," from the lack of party divisions,
the Federalist party having been absorbed in
the Democratic. Among its chief events were
the acquisition of Florida, 1819; the Missouri
Compromise, 1820; and the statement of the
(Monroe Doctrine, 1823. He published : 'Con-
duct of the Executive in the Foreign Affairs
of the United States) (1798); (Tour of Obser-
vation through the North-Eastern and North-
Western States) (1818); (The People the Sov-
ereigns'; etc.
(
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388
MONSELL - MONTEMAYOR
Monsell, James Samuel Bewley. An Eng.
lish divine and hymn-writer; born at St. Co-
lumb's, Derry, Ireland, March 2, 1811; died
April 9, 1875, at Guildford, England, his final
church living. Among his popular publica-
tions of devotional poetry were : (Parish Mus-
ings) (7th ed.
