No More Learning

The banners were of various colours, green, blue, white, and red, but it appears red was a favourite colour, as Ire land is frequently designated Banba-na-m Bratach Ruadh, that Ireland the Red Banners. O’Brien's Irish Dictionary
the word Concobar, stated that three Lions Rampant were the figures always borne the banners Brian Boru his various battles. few days before the battle Brian detached his son Donogh the head battalion the Munster troops into Lein ster lay waste the territory his enemy Maolmora, but ex pecting that Donogh would back time for the conflict Clontarf, however, Donogh did not return till the day after the battle, which was considered great loss. At sun-rise the morning Good Friday, the 23rd April, Brian, the head his forces, marched from the camp Kilmainham Clontarf, and made animating harangue encouraging his men the encounter against these fierce pirates and Pagans, who had frequently laid waste the country, and ravaged their towns, cities, and churches, with ruthless fury, and holding sword his right hand, and his left crucifix, exhorted them the symbol
the Cross, and reminding them that the day was the anniversary
Christ's Passion, he assured them victory. The royal tent being pitched, Brian's standard was advanced, and the Raven bearing banner the Danes unfurled, fierce battle cries, and shouts
defiance arose either side. The Irish bards raised the Rosg
Catha war-song, and the Scandinavian Skalds recited their
battle odes, and animated their champions the contest. The
brazen-tongued war-trumpets were blown with terrific blasts; the
warriors rushed the eneounter, and the conflict raged on all vanquished. By the Four Masters the conflict thus designated sides with surpassing fury showers arrows and darts darkened Cath Coradh Cluana Tairbh, that is, The Battle Cloutarf
the air, and volleys stones from the slings whizzed through the the Heroes, and they describe “a sanguinary, violent, most ranks; the swords and battle-axes rang the helmets and coats fierce, furious, and unparalleled battle, the like which was not
various Irish chiefs performed prodigies valour, and amongst those Torlogh, son Murrogh, then only the 16th year his age, was particularly distinguished for his prowess and deeds heroism. The battalion 1000 Northmen coats mail, did great execution amongst the Irish during the early part the battle, but being attacked Murrogh, the head his chosen battalions, those steel-clad champions were cloven down, and hewed through their iron helmets and armour the heavy battle axes and strong arms the dauntless and well disciplined Dal cassians, and scarcely one
the fortunes that day. slew single combat Sigurd,
the foreign warriors escaped tell Of the Danish commanders, Murrogh
earl Orkneys, whose scull clove
with one blow
some writers
Sigurd, earl
at Clontarf.
slain Murrogh and Anrud, son the king Norway, seeing
his brother Carolus slain, furiously encountered Murrogh, whose right hand said was swollen, and unable wield the battle axe from incessant exertion during the day, but with his left hand seized Amrud, and shaking him out his coat mail, prostrated and pierced him through the body with his sword, but the Norwegian fell grasped Murrogh's skian dagger, and
his battle-axe Sitric, son
this commander mentioned Lodar, but this mistake, for
some followers into king was guarded only
the opportunity,
wood near Brian's tent, perceived that the few attendants, and taking advantage and his followers rushed into the royal tent;
Orkneys, son
The valiant chiefs Carolus and Commaolwere also
stooped over him plunged heroic Murrogh mortal wound,
morning. curious incident
pions the heat battle, order quench their thirst, and cool their hands swollen from the violent use of the sword and battle axe, frequently retired adjoining spring, and always returned
the conflict with fresh vigour, which the Danes observing, at tacked the guards placed there, and destroyed the fountain
the well still shown Clontarf. The combat Murrogh with Anrud happened the evening, and the Danish forces were that time nearly vanquished, and were soon after put flight
all directions. Brodar, the Danish commander, having fled with
he slew the king with his sword, and the same time cut down youth who attended Brian, and valiantly interposed save the life his royal master; the aged hero, though taken surprise, seized his battle-axe, made brave resistance, and wounded some
his assailants. The assassin, raising his bloody sword aloft ex
claimed, “Let proclaimed from man man, that Brian has
fallen the hand Brodar. ” The Danish chieftain thus endea voured rally his flying forces and renew the contest, but Brian's guards having heard the king's death, returned and rushed Brodar and his followers with great fury, cut them pieces, and having seized Brodar himself, put him death with excruciating torments. The battle had now raged with great fury from morn ing till near sunset, but the Foreigners and their allies were dis comfited and routed on all sides—their ranks broken—their batta lions scattered—their champions cut down—their standard bearers slain, and their Raven-bearing banners trampled the dust; the remnant their forces fled from the field all directions, some
Dublin, and some their ships; the Irish warriors like rush ing torrent pursued the flying Foreigners, and terrific was the uproar and clamour the combatants, amidst the clashing arms, the fierce shouts the victors, and the wild shrieks the
Lodar, was the chieftain slain
his breast, and gave the which died the following
mentioned, that the Irish cham
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH.
prize for them to find John with so small a force, their chiefs, the heads clans and towns, and they boldly and fiercely attacked him ; but, were slain that engagement; and John carried
however, the pursuers were defeated, and eighteen
fought before that time. ” The Chronicon Scotorum, says, that “no battle equal to this had been fought in Ireland for many ages. ” After the Danish forces were put to flight, they were pursued, some to Dublin, and others to their ships at Howth, with dreadful carnage, and great numbers of them were drowned, and some hun dreds of the women who accompanied the Danish army were likewise slain and drowned ; king Sitric, with the remnant of his Danish forces and their Leinster allies, fled to Dublin. In the well-contested and sanguinary conflict of Clontarf, many thousands fell on each side, but the accounts of the numbers slain are dif ferent. According to accounts given by Keating, O'Halloran, and others, the Danes and their allies lost about thirteen thousand men; namely, 4000 of the Danes of Dublin and other parts of
off his prey into the dense and solitary woods
latives, the Clan Colman, give account the battle Clon tarf, described follows:—“It impossible for human lan guage describe that battle, nor could less than an angel from heaven adequately relate the terrors that day. We were se parated from the combatants, spectators, greater distance than the breadth ditch and fallow field, the high wind the spring blowing towards where we stood. Not longer than half hour after they commenced the conflict could the com batants distinguished from each other; not even father brother could recognize each other, except their voices, closely were they mingled together. When the warriors engaged and grappled close combat, was dreadful behold how their weapons glittered over their heads, the sun, giving them the
Ireland; 6000 of the Danes, Norwegians, and other foreign auxi appearance numerous flock white seagulls, flying the
liaries; and 3000 of the men of Leinster. The accounts of the
number of Hrian's forces slain, are also various, some making the
number 4000, others 7000, and some state that no less than 11,000
of the Irish were slain. According to the Annals of Ulster 6000
of the Danish forces were slain, but, according to the Annals of
Innisfallen, which are considered the best authority on this sub before they recovered their former brightness. To those who be
air. Our bodies and clothes were all covered over as were with red rain blood, borne from the battle field the wings the
wind; the swords, spears, and battle-axes the combatants were cemented and entangled with clotted blood and locks hair, that they could with difficulty use them, and was long time
ject, there were 13,000 of the Danish forces slain, thus mentioned in the Irish “Torchar tri mile deag do Ghallaibh,” which, in Dr. O'Connor's edition of the Annals, is by some mistake in the figures, made 3012. From a consideration of the different accounts, it appears that at least 10,000 of the Danish forces, and 3000 of their allies, the Lagenians, both making 13,000, and about 7000 of the Irish, under Brian Boru, &c. , fell at Clontarf, the whole thus amounting to 20,000 men slain in that tremendous battle. Maolmora, king of Leinster, with 3000 of his forces, and many of his chiefs, fell in the battle, and almost the Danish commanders were slain, many whom have been above mentioned, and together with these also fell Gilla Cuaran, son Gluniarn, and Dubhgall, son Aulaf, both whom were heirs presumptive the kingship Dublin; Oittir the Black, Suart gar, Grisene, and Aulaf, the son Lagman, were also slain. On the side the Irish fell king Brian, and his heroic son Mur rogh, together with Torlogh, the son Murrogh, and Co nang, nephew Brian, one the heirs the throne Mun ster; and, according some accounts, two three other sons Brian, and many his nephews and relatives were slain. Many the chieftains Munster already mentioned
held the slaughter, spectators, the sight was more terrific than those engaged the battle, which continued from sunrise until the shades evening, when the full tide carried the ships away. ”
The following passages from Mac Pherson's Ossian, his poem Fingal, may quoted descriptive fierce battle, similar that Clontarf:—“As autumn's dark storms, pouring from two echoing hills, towards each other, approach the heroes. As two deep streams from high rocks meet, mix, and roar the plains loud, rough and dark battle met Lochlin and Inisfail; chief mixed his strokes with chief, and man with man—steel clanging
sounded steel—helmets are cleft high—blood bursts and smokes around—strings murmur the polished yew--darts rush along the sky—spears fall like the circles light, which brighten the face night. As the noise the troubled ocean, when roll the waves high—as the last peal the thunder heaven, such
the din of battle—as rushes stream of foam from the dark shady steep Cromla, when the thunder travelling above, and dark-brown night sits half the hill fierce, vast, terrible, rushed the sons Erin. As roll thousand waves against the rocks, Lochlin's host came meets rock thousand waves, Inisfail met Lochlin's spears. ” The royal tent, and
commanders fell, O'Felan, prince Desies the son Brian's head-quarters, are traditionally said have been the
Beatach, prince Kerry Luachra; Scanlan, prince Lough Lein; Geibhionach, prince Fermoy Donal, prince Corca Baisgin; Niall O'Quinn, intimate friend Brian, and many
place now pointed out by the name Conquer Hill, near the sea shore, short distance beyond the present village Clontarf, but
the battle-field extended widely over the adjoining plains, and the pursuing and retreating parties had fierce conflicts along the shore towards Raheny, Baldoyle, and Howth, one side, and the other far the river Tolka, and the place now called Bally bough Bridge, towards Dublin. There are the plains Clon tarf still some remains large earthen mounds, no doubt the sepulchres warriors slain there, and ancient weapons, swords, battle-axes, spear-heads, &c. , have been frequently dug up about the neighbourhood Clontarf. After the battle, the remnant the Danish forces, under Sitric, returned their garrison Dub lin; and though the attempt establish Danish supremacy
Of the Connaught commanders fell Mulroona O'Heyne, Aidhne, and Teige O'Kelly, prince Hy Maine, both
others.
prince
Galway.
recorded.
king Meath, who brought 1000 men Clontarf, withdrew his forces short distance from the field, and remained spectator
Many other chiefs the Irish fell whose names are not stated by some the historians, that Malachy,
the battle, without fighting blow, which unpatriotic conduct said have arisen from resentment against Brian, who had de posed him some years before, and assumed the sovereignty
Ireland, leaving Malachy only king Meath but this circum
stance not mentioned the Four Masters, and Charles O'Conor Ireland received death-blow the victory Clontarf, yet the and others are contrary opinion, and consider the account Danes continued Dublin, Waterford, and other places, and held
Malachy's desertion from the cause his country fabrica considerable power for more than century after that time. The tion altogether improbable therefore impossible now de day after the battle, Kian, prince Desmond, came with the re
terminethis point historical controversy. appears from the
Four Masters that, towards the end the battle, Malachy and
his menattacked the Danes and Lagenians, and slew great num
bers them, together with Maolmora, king Leinster, and many which had made successful expedition into Leinster. Many
chiefs,and that Malachy gained great victory over them the Irish chiefs slain Clontarf, were buried the cemetery
fromthe river Tolka Dublin, the force fighting, and the the ancient abbey Kilmainham, known modern times the strengthand valour of warriors. stated the ancient M. S. name Bully's Acre. The renowned Brian fell the 88th year
calledthe Leabhar Oiris, given Keating, O'Halloran, and his age, and has been always justly celebrated one the others,that Malachy, king Meath, being requested his re greatest the Irish kings, eminent for his valour, wisdom, abilities,
mains the Irish forces, and the wounded, the camp Kil mainham, and the same day, namely, Easter Saturday, Donogh, son Brian Boru, arrived Kilmainham with his battalion,
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514 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1580.
Bealach More of Moy Dala (on the borders of Mac Gillpatrick, and the son of O'Carroll, along Tipperary and Queen’s county), after victory and with a great number of insurgents and depredators,
slaughter. He was there joined by the sons of and parties proceeded
Slieve Bloom, and
patriotism, piety, munificence and patronage learning and the
arts; from the eminence his character, patriot, hero, and
legislator, has been called the Irish Alfred, and by the Four Masters designated “the Augustus Western Europe. ” By
his various victories over the Danes, particularly that Clontarf, gained his energy, valour, and patriotism, freed his country from the Danish yoke, but after his death there came sovereign who could combine the provincial kings, princes, and chiefs, any national confederacy, crush their ruinous discord and dissen sions, with powerful hand. The name Brian has, by Maria nus Scotus, and some the Irish writers, been enrolled the catalogue the saints and martyrs Ireland. Clontarf has been called the Marathon Ireland, but does not appear that any monument has been ever raised the memory Brian the heroes who fell that battle, any triumphal column erected commemorate the victory. Brian foreseeing the probability his death Clontarf, had directed his will that his remains should
buried Armagh, the cathedral which had endowed with large donations cattle and gold. On Holy Saturday, the day after the battle, Brian's body was conveyed solemn procession
the abbey St. Columkille Swords, by the monks that
place, and Easter Sunday from thence the monastery
Kiaman Duleek; the third day the abbey Louth, and
the fourth Armagh, attended Maolmuire, archbishop monk Angouleme France, who wrote his book the beginning
St.
Armagh, and his clergy procession; the body was embalmed,
and the funeral obsequies continued incessantly for twelve days and nights, with great magnificence and solemnity, and the remains
then buried stone coffin the north side the great altar the cathedral Armagh. The bodies Murrogh, son Brian, and his son Torlogh, together with the heads Conang, nephew
Brian, and Mothla O'Felan, prince Desies, were buried the same time the south side of the cathedral. There still re main unpublished many interesting Irish MS. poems and prose compositions the Life and heroic actions Brian Boru, the
Battle Clontarf, &c. , which accounts are given Irish writers. The celebrated Giolla Moducia, abbot can, eminent historian, the twelfth century, logical poem the Christian Kings Ireland, given
volume Dr. O'Conor's Rer. Hib. Scrip. , has verses the following effect:
O'Reilly's Ardbrac his chrono the first Brian Boru
“A raven the sea—a rapid torrent,
Was Brian the brave, over Erin varied fame,
Free from sadness, free from grief, and free from stain, For twelve years deserved prosperity;
To Clontarf the clans direful deeds,
Contending with the warlike chiefs Denmark;
Nearly victorious were the Foreigners,
And they slew Brian Boruma. ”
Mac Liag, who was chief hard Brian Boru, and whom
count given 1015, O'Reilly's Irish Writers, composed
work Brian's battles, with some poems his death, and translation one them given the Irish Penny Journal for January, 1841, commencing with these two verses—
“Where Kincora Brian the Great,
And where the beauty that once was thine,
Oh where are the princes and nobles that sate
At the feast thy halls, and drank the red wine
“Oh, where Kincora are thy valorous lords, Oh, whither thou Hospitable are they gone,
Oh, where are the Dalcassians the golden swords, And where are the warriors that Brian led on ? ”
mentioned have been man majestic stature, highly distinguished for his personal prowess, bravery, and feats arms,
Brian
ac
his various battles; his residence, the palace Kincora, the banks
above mentioned, was the Shannon, near Killaloe, the county Clare; the place was called Irish Ceann Cora,
which signifies the Head the Weir, from one placed there
the Shannon, and there are still seen some remains the great earthen ramparts which surrounded his fortress. Amongst the recollections Brian Born, may mentioned that his Harp
still preserved the Museum Trinity College, Dublin.
Moore commemorates the glories Brian one his beautiful Melodies, commencing thus:--
“Remember the glories Brian the brave, Tho' the days the Hero are o'er,
Tho' lost Momonia, and cold his grave, He returns to Kincora no more.
the field, which the battle, set,
its glory remains victory yet. ”
the eleventh century, shortly after the period the battle Clontarf–“His temporibus Normanni supradicti, quod patres
eorum nunquam perpetrasse ausi sunt, cum innumera classe Hiberniam insulam, quae Irlanda dicitur, ingressi sunt una cum
uxoribus liberis captivis Christianis, quos fecerant sibi servos Irlandis extinctis, ipsi pro ipsis inhabitarent opulentissimam terram, quae xii. civitates, cum amplissimis episcopatibus unum
regem habet, propriam linguam, sed Latinas litteras, quam Patricius Romanus ad fidem convertit,” &c. “In these times the above mentioned Northmen, thing which their fathers never dared do, with an innumerable fleet, invaded the island Hiber nia, which called Ireland, accompanied their wives and chil dren, and the Christian captives whom they had made their slaves, that having exterminated the Irish, they themselves their stead, should inhabit that most wealthy land which has cities, with most ample bishopricks and one king, its own language, but the Latin letters, which country St. Patrick the Roman converted the Christian faith. ” Ademar's Chronicle further stated, that all the North men were slain Ireland, and that crowds their women flying from their pursuers, threw themselves into the sea, and, according Ademar, the battle continued three days.
As already stated, the Mor Maors, Great Stewards of Len nox and Marr, Scotland, came with their forces the aid the Irish Clontarf, which circumstance may thus accounted for—Corc, king Cashel, the fourth century, the tribe the Eugenians Desmond, having been expelled from the sove reignty Munster, retired Albany, Scotland, where married the princess Mongfinna, daughter Feredach, king the Picts, stated O'Flaherty's Ogygia (vol. 286, and vol.
304), whom had three sons, who became possessed extensive territories, and from them were descended the Great
That star It's beam But enough To light
often had poured each sword,
by
The battle
writers, and Lanigan his Ecclesiastical History (vol. iii. quotes the following passage from the Chronicle Ademar,
Clontarf mentioned
some ancient
Lennox and Marr, dignities afterwards held the the Stuarts, some whom were afterwards earls Lennox and Richmond. Muredach, High Steward Lennox, and Donald High Steward Marr, were slain Clon
tarf, fighting the side their relatives the Eugenians Des mond. As already explained the course these notes, the an cient Scottish kings, and the royal house Stuart, were descended from the Irish princes the race Carbry Riada, who con quered Scotland from the Picts, the sixth century; and amongst the Scottish nobility descended from the Milesian Irish, may mentioned the Campbells, dukes Argyle, and many other noble families that name, who, according the Ogygia and the gene alogies Keating, are shown have been branch the Ithian
Stewards royal family
and dukes
foreign 423),
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The Danish account the Battle Clontarf curious, and given the Danish under the designation
extremely Brians
thither came to them the people note Offaly
slept only heaps stones
nothing but the cold water from the palms his hands,
and Leix. John the son
race Munster,
was place for plunder where James was on that mountain, for
chiefs Cork, and other chiefs on Desmond.
Sigurd, the Norwegian, earl
the Orkney Islands, who fought
Sitric was induced go Sigurd, earl Orkneys, length consented,
Scotland and enter into league with
the same descent the O'Driscolls,
Munster, mentioned
powerful the note
Saga, Kormloda said have been the most beautiful women, but having been repudiated by Brian, she conspired against his life,
and endeavoured persuade her son Sitric kill Brian, and
on the side the Danes, and was slain Clontarf, called the Saga Sigurd the Big, being man great size and strength he
was son Lodar Lod ver, earl Orkneys. the latter end the ninth century, 894, the Norwegians, under their Iarls, Sigurd and Thorstein the Red, conquered the Orkneys, Hebrides,
and Isle Mann, together with great part the North Scot land, and they and their descendants, Iarls Earls, held those
make war Brian, which Sigurd condition that Sitric's mother, Kormloda, should marry him, and that Brian was conquered Sigurd himself
the earls Argyle, and the Mac Donalds, lords Amongst the causes which led the battle
Irish historians mention, that Maolmora, king
visit the court Brian Boru, Kincora, he one day was
present while Murrogh, eldest son Brian, was engaged game chess, and Maolmora having advised his antagonist make move, by which Murrogh lost the game, he being pro voked the interference the king Leinster, who was only looker-on, sharply remarked, that Maolmora had given the Danes such good advice Glen Mama they would not have lost that battle. This observation highly incensed Maolmora, who considered himself insulted, the loss the battle Glen Mama, where he was an ally the Danes, was attributed his mis management. The king Leinster immediately quitted Kincora, much enraged, and leagued with the Danes revenged for
esteem the court Brian, and became convert the Chris tian faith. Sigurd, earl Orkneys, according agreement,
REIGN OF ELIZABETH.
515
earth, and drank the limpid stream,
out his shoes;
him seek the aid two famous Danish pirates, Ospak and territories for many centuries. Thorfinn, called the Skull Brodar, who had fleet thirty ships the Isle Mann. Bro
Cleaver, was powerful earl the Orkney Isles, the latter end the tenth century, about 990; and his successor, Sigurd, fought many battles with the Mor Maors, great Stew ards Moray, and other Scottish chiefs who attempted re cover those countries from the Norwegians. This Sigurd was the
dar was induced join Sitric promise similar that made Sigurd, namely, that would give him his mother, Kormloda,
marriage, which Brodar agreed come Dublin with his forces Palm Sunday. said that Brodar had been some time Christian, and was promoted deacon, but having re
earl Orkneys who came Clontarf, and his son, Thorfinn, suc jected the Christian faith, became blasphemer God, and ceeded earl, and conquered great part the North Scot returned the worship his idols; was deeply skilled land; his time, Shakespear's Macbeth, who was Mor Maor magic, and admirably conversant with all the arts war, and Moray, and descendant the Scottish kings Irish race, determined every thing the sword; was man immense
the Isles. Clontarf, the
sailed for Ireland with great forces, accompanied several Iarls and chiefs, Flosi, Gilla, Thorstein, Rafne Raudi, Rafne the Red, &c. , and Palm Sunday the earls came with their entire army Dublin, where Brodar had already arrived with all his forces, thus expressed the Saga, “Iarlinn kom medallan her
sinn Palma degi Dyflinnar, thar var kommin Brodir med allan, her sinn. ” Brodar having applied some magicians know the result the battle, got response, that was fought
Friday, Brian would fall, after gaining the victory, but fought before that day, all those who came against Brian would slain, hence this oracular response decided Brodar fight the battle Friday, the most favourable day for the Danes. After Brian had arrived with all his forces Dublin, they were led out near the city, and both sides prepared for battle, but stated that Brian was averse fight Friday, that day being Good Friday. The Danish forces were commanded by Brodar and Sitric, king Dublin, each wing, and the centre Sigurd, earl Orkneys, whose mother was Andura, daughter Kiarval, Irish king. The names Brian's commanders are different from those given
Leinster, being
observed that Maolmora,
Brian Boru, the sister Brian's wife that time;
husband had been Aulaf, the Danish king Dublin, whom she
ters A. D. 1030, and verse quoted, said that she made right wing the army opposed Brodar; Ospak, the Danish three leaps, the equal which woman ever made before, namely, chief who had joined Brian, led the other wing opposed that Dublin, Tara, and Cashel, thus signifying her three Sitric and famous champion called Kerthialfadr, commanded
the insult had received.
king Leinster, was brother-in-law
Maolmora, named Gorinflaith, was
Flann O'Heyne, prince Hy Fiachra Aidhne, Galway; and appears that rather advanced age married Gormflaith, then widow, whose first
his first wife was Mora, daughter
the Irish accounts, being generally much changed the Danish language. Ulfr Hraeda, famous warrior, who stated have had son, Sitric, who commanded the Danes Clontarf. The been Brian's brother, and was probably the chieftain named death Gorm flaith, Gormlaith, recorded the Four Mas Maolroona O'Heyne, brother-in-law Brian, commanded the
elevations, that when the wife Dublin, and when married
Cashel and of Tara.
Aulaf the Dane, she was queen Brian Boru, she was queen
the centre, and the Standards were carried before him; this chief appears have been Murkertach, Murrogh, son Brian Boru. Both armies commenced the battle with great fury, and Brodar broke through the ranks his opponents, cutting down all those who stood the front lines, and nothing could with stand make impression him—not even the iron weapons. Ulfr having advanced against Brodar, struck him three tremendous
Bardagi, that Brian's Battle, the Niala Saga
landic historians, together with Latin version Johnstone's
Celto-Scandinavian Antiquities, from which the following par blows which prostrated him, and soon recovered his feet,
ticulars have been taken;–Sitric, son Aulaf Quaran, became Panish king Dublin, and Kormloda, who the same Gorm laith the Irish writers, Sitric's mother, and wife Aulaf, had
her secondhusband Brian, king Ireland. According the
fled adjoining wood. Kerthialfadr and earl Sigurd contended fierce combat, and all those who stood the foremost ranks either side, were prostrated the earth, and Kerthialfadr broke
through the earl's forces far the standards, clove down the
the Ice
should become king Ireland. Sitric having concluded his league with Sigurd, who agreed bring all his forces Dublin Palm Sunday, returned Dublin, and his mother, Kormloda, advised
usurped the throne Scotland, and reigned the Southern half the kingdom, while his ally, Thorfinn, ruled over the North.
The kings Norway, and the Norwegian earls, ruled over the Isle Mann and the Hebrides, down the middle the thir
strength, and great stature, and his copious dark hair was
long that reached, flowing locks, down the belt about his
middle. Brodar and Ospak having disagreed, Ospak detached his
forces from Brodar, sailed Ireland, and gave information
Brian the great league formed against him, which Brian col
teenth century, and the fifteenth century over the Orkney Is lands, and formed alliances with the great Scottish chiefs the Highlands and Hebrides, the earls Moray, the earls Marr,
lected his forces prepare for battle. Ospak remained great
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516 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1580.
his cooking utensils were the long rods of the
wood, by which he dressed the flesh meat he took from his enemies. He continued to harass the
standard bearer, and having killed several others who took the standard in succession, earl Sigurd commanded the champion called Rafne Raudi, or Rafne the Red, to carry the standard, but Rafne refused, and cried out “carry the Pest yourself. ” Aimund the Fair was killed, and soon after earl Sigurd himself was slain, being transfixed with a javelin. The Danish forces were routed and slaughtered on all sides, and king Sitric himself was put to flight. Rafne the Red having beenpushed into a river (the Tolka), by the pursuers, imagined, it is said, that he saw the torments of the infernal regions, and that demons endeavoured to snatch him away, on which he exclaimed “O Peter, the Apostle, I, thy dog, will run twice, aye three times to Rome, if you give me the power;” on saying which he was liberated, and crossed the river. This curious incident may be thus explained, that Rafne being pursued and tumbled into the river Tolka by the Irish, they saved his life on his promising to become a Christian, and make a pilgrimage to Rome. In the meantime Brodar perceiving Brian's soldiers in pursuit of the flying Danes, and none left to guard the royal tent, rushed forward with some of his followers from their concealment in the wood, and attacking the king with his sword slew him, and it is said, cut off his head, together with the hand of an attending page, who had stretched it forth to save the king, and he then cried out—“let it be proclaimed from man to man that Brian has fallen by Brodar. ” Immediately on hearing of Brian's death, the soldiers, who were in pursuit of the Danes, returned with Ulfr and Kerthialfadr, and having taken Brodar, they hung him on a tree, and tore out his entrails. It is stated that almost all the Danish forces and their chiefs were slain, and many curious particulars are related in the Saga concerning the battle, amongst others, that Thorstein, one of the Danish chiefs, in his flight stopped to tie the thongs of his shoes, on which he was asked by Kerthialfadr, why he did not run like the rest, he replied “because I will not be able to reach this evening my own home in Iceland, where I have my household gods;” on saying which his life was saved by the Irish, and they took him under their protection. In seven days after Brian's Battle, Rafne the Red caine to Gilla, earl of the Hebrides, and related the death of the earl Sigurd, Brodar, and all the other chiefs, and when asked what had happened his com panions, replied that they had all fallen in the battle except Thorstein, who was saved by the Irish. Various visions, porten tous appearances, and legends, are related in the Saga respecting the fight of Clontarf, which confirm the tremendous defeat of the Northmen, who long remembered the fatal tale of Brian's Battle. A curious ancient poem from the Icelandic Saga, on the Battle of Clontarf, is given in the Orcades, or History of the Orkney Isles, by the Danish historian Thermodus Torfeus, and also in Johnstone's Celto-Scandinavian Antiquities, in Danish and in Latin. In this poem Hilda, the Scandinavian goddess of War and Victory, is represented with her goddesses called Valkyrie, who attended bat tle fields and conveyed the spirits of the heroes slain to the Hall of Odin, as having been seen on the very day of the battle in Caithness in Scotland, by a man named Darraudar; they were all on horseback, riding full speed towards a hill, into a cavern of which they entered, and on looking through an opening in the rocks, he saw twelve gigantic females working at a sort of loom, and weaving a web, and using as their instruments human heads, mangled limbs, swords, spears, arrows, and other weapons, and singing dreadful incantations, which when they had finished they tore the web of War and Victory into twelve pieces, and each taking her portion, they mounted their black steeds, and rode off with rapid speed, six to the north, and six to the south, holding drawn swords in their hands, and they are represented as having come to the field of Clontarf to animate and protect the heroes of the Northmen in the battle. A passagein this poem relative to the death of Brian, is to the following effect —“On the race of Irar (Erin), such a sorrow will fall as can never be forgotten amongst men. ” Gray in his beautiful Ode entitled the Fatal Sisters, has given a spirited paraphrase of this poem, which keeps near the
Butlers, and plunder Ossory from that place, and he afterwards made an incursion into Leix, and plundered and burned the monastery of Leix, on
original, and the following verses particularly refer to the Battle
of Clontarf. The youthful king mentioned in the poem as being saved, was Sitric, king of Dublin, and the king who was killed
was Brian ; the dauntles earl who was slain was Sigurd, earl of Orkneys.
“Now the storm begins to lour,
Haste, the loom of Hell prepare,
Iron-sleet of arrowy shower Hurtles in the darkened air.
“Glittering lances are the loom, Where the dusky warp we strain, Weaving many a Soldier's doom, Orkney's woe, and Randver's bane.
“See the grisly texture grow,
'Tis of human entrails made,
And the weights, that play below,
Each a gasping warrior's head.
“Shafts for shuttles, dipped in gore, Shoot the trembling cords along, Sword that once a monarch bore, Keeps the tissue close and strong.
“Mista, black terrific Maid, Sangrida and Hilda see,
Join the wayward work to aid, 'Tis the woof of victory.
“Ere the ruddy sun be set,
Spears must shiver, javelins sing, Blade with clattering buckler meet, Hauberk crash, and helmet ring.
“Weave the crimson web of war,
Let us go and let us fly,
Where our friends the conflict share, Where they triumph, where they die.
“As the paths of fate we tread,
Wading through the ensanguined field, Gondula and Geira, spread
O'er the youthful King your shield.
“We the reins to slaughter give, Ours to kill, and ours to spare; Spite of danger, he shall live— Weave the crimson web of war.
“Sisters, hence with spurs of speed, Each her thundering falchion wield, Each bestride her sable steed— Hurry, hurry to the field.
“Horror covers all the heath, Clouds of carnage blot the sun, Sisters, weave the web of death;
Sisters, cease, the work is done.
“Low the dauntless Earl is laid, Gored with many a gaping wound ; Fate demandsa nobler head—
Soon a King shall bite the ground.
“Long his loss shall Erin weep, Ne'er again his likeness see; Long her strains in sorrow steep, Strains of Immortality"
the son of the earl of Ormond, namely, Pierce, the
son of James, son of Pierce Roe; he plundered
Port Leix (now Portarlington, in Queen's county),
after having slain some of the guards of the town; he took from them accoutrements, armour, horses,
arms, and much property, but in short he plun
dered seven towns in Leix in one day. He then
proceeded from one territory to another until he
arrived at Glenmalure (in Wicklow), where James
Eustace and the sons of Hugh (the O'Byrnes), the son of John, were, by whom he was well received;
Thomas, son Dublin, died
alogical stock who suffered
hope ex Barry Roe, but, however, God granted him the chieftainship
Barry Maol, and also Barry Roe (Barry Maol,
the Bald Barry, and Barry Ruadh, the Red Barry, were titles borneby twobranchesofthefamily
the Barrys, earls Barrymore, Cork), and not
these alone, but was nominated chief Barry
wards
was hanged
year
imprisonment with the English,
appointed his place, for
one daughter. Two brothers namely the two young sons
had no children but that Bryan Oge, the daughter
the Heads, son Rickard, son Knock Tuagh, was hanged Galway
Ulick Ulick
Conor, son Teige O'Brien, who was up
the 26th May.
the earl Clanrickard, i. e. William
The son
Burke, the son Rickard Saxanach, son
REIGN OF ELIZABETH.
517 Edmond, who was imprisoned
thither came to him the O’Cavanaghs, OKinsel
laghs, O'Byrnes, O'Tooles, and the insurgents of more, after the destruction those whose rightful
the country in general, and it would be too tedious to relate they had spoiled and plundered
the English Leinster and Meath. John and James Eustace proceeded, about the Michaelmas
inheritance was possess that title till that
time; his son, David Barry, was afterwards nomi
nated the Barry by the earl Desmond, and ano
ther son his was, according law, lord Barry Roe.
Mac Gillpatrick, Bryan Oge (Bryan Fitz patrick, baron Ossory), the son Bryan, son John, son Fingin, son Fingin, son Fin
gin name anglicised Florence), son Donal, who was also imprisoned Dublin, died; was
educated from his youth England, and was
versed the manners and customs the Court,
that the Irish wondered his being kept
confinement till his death; his brother Fingin was
O'Conor Faily, Mac Gillpatrick, Bryan,
the son John, were treacherously slain Do nal, son Theobald O'Mulloy.
O’Carroll, William Odhar, the son Fer ganainm, son Mulroona, son John, who was
also confined Dublin, was liberated the Eng lish and the lord justice, and repaired back
his patrimony; was his way home attacked
some the young O'Conors Offaley, who were dissatisfied with his release and deliverance; they therefore put him the sword, and slew him
once, and left his body exposed the claws wolves and ravens; his son, namely, John-an Fhasaigh, the son William Odhar, was nomi mated the O'Carroll.
treasonable crimes. Gerald More Desies, son James, son Ge Barry More, James, the son Richard, son rald the earl, died.
the third day after the execution Torlogh O'Brien, viz. ,
Torlogh was hanged Thursday, and William
Saturday. The manner which this had hap pened William was, that having been joined with his kinsmen the war, and demolishing their towns, we have before stated, became sorry for and went under the protection the English Galway, the month previous his ex ecution, but was only deceived by fictitious story which was conveyed him, and was taken prisoner and hanged; his followers, who surrendered the same protection, were also
hanged.
Forty-five persons were hanged Dublin, for the son Gerald (Fitzgerald) son John, son
that James was Barry Roe, and
the early part
the real gene was man his life much
trouble and affliction; and had pectation even obtaining the title
following,
his country before that, from whom expected relief and assistance; but did not happen
them, being slain and massacred the lord justice, we have already stated, before they had
reached them.
Torlogh, the son Torlogh, son
meet the Italians who had come
A. D. 1581. Donogh, son
The lord Desies (in Waterford), i. e. James,
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518 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1581.
Desmond’s camp; and the time
the camp was Sunday morning. The
carried on war and strife against each other, so the valiant chiefs slain that day by the captain,
that they had not a cessation of hostilities, nor a Aghadoe, were Thomas Oge, the only son truce of one month from the commencement of Thomas, son Maurice Duv, son the earl (of
their war to this time, and it is impossible to emu Desmond); Maolmurry, the son Donogh Bac merate, reckon, or relate the evils they had ach, son Maolmurry, son Donogh Mac Swee committed against each other. ney, and Teige, the grandson Dermod, son
John, the son James, son John (Fitzgerald Cormac, from Moylaithimb.
Desmond), marched with force the month The earl of Desmond marched with force in
May eastward across the river Suir, and com the end September, the great plains about pletely plundered the towns the eastern side Cashel, and even into Cashel, and his forces car the Suir, viz.
, Ardmaille, and the monastery ried away immense deal sorts property,
Mac Donogh (of the county of Cork), i. e. Owen,
son of Donogh of the Road, son of Donogh Mac Donogh, died in Limerick, while imprisoned there by the English.
Donal of the County, the son of Teige, son of
Cormac Oge, son of Cormac, son of Teige Mac whole night 'till then the captain put the Carthy, tanist of Muskerry, and second in com sword, and slew every person found standing
-
mand of the forces, died.
The English and the Geraldines (of Desmond), fighting until arrived Castlemaine. Among
the earl arrived earl and
those along with him were that time sound sleep and slumber, after having remain state apprehension, and watching the
the passages, and did not cease skirmishing and
Athantsuil (Ardmayle and Athassell, near Cashel,
Tipperary); then returned westward across the Suir, with much prey and booty, but being
pursued and overtaken great and powerful force, vigorously defended himself against them, with his might, and finally gave them defeat,
consisting brass, iron, accoutrements, apparel,
riches, and cattle, and they completely plundered
these countries. While carrying off the booty, they
were pursued very numerous forces from the Third Clonmel, and from Middlethird, and also
force from the borders the Suir, and from which upwards three hundred them were Duniasgaidh Moyaliffe. The earl commanded
slain and drowned. ried off the prey
After this victory, John car
the recesses the woods, where residing, Claonglass and
ambuscade formed the way between
was the habit
Coill More (in the barony Connello, county Limerick, the borders Kerry).
him and the pursuing forces, and when that their pursuers had passed the place
found ambush,
John, the son James, proceeded with another
force, the month June, against Mac Carthy
More, and for the space two three days con tinued preying and plundering the country, from Muskerry Ibh-Rathac (Iveragh, Kerry), and returned with much prey and booty Magh-g- Coinchine (Magonihy, Kerry); the people who beheld them have stated that there never was be
fore much booty collected one place. The earl Desmond remained encamped
justice govern Desmond and Kerry. That captain, with cavalry force, proceeded day and might for the purpose making attack
kill and slaughter them front and rear, that their
Achaidh-da-Eo, (that the Field the Two
Yew Trees, now Aghadoe Kerry), and this
time Saxon captain, namely, captain Siuitse Pobblebrien, county Limerick), they were met (Zouch), was appointed by the queen and the lord
turned them, and they then began
loss that engagement amounted upwards four hundred; and the earl Desmond after this victorious slaughter and overthrow, returned Aherlo with many horses and much booty.
happened that large body bold and mer ciless soldiers marched from Adare (in Limerick), and having formed themselves into two parties, viz. , one water and the other land, they scoured Kenry and along the river Mague, the hope killing capturing some the insurgents; when these two parties met together, the vicinity
Baile-Ui-Cathlain (Ballycahane the barony
there David Oge, the son David (Barry),
the Lake, son Thomas, son John, son Tho mas, son Philip, son the knight, with his forces, and commenced charge and cut them
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 519
down, and having circumvented them, he left them Kilfeacle Tipperary), was taken John, in gory, decapitated trunks, with their bodies the son the earl (of Desmond), the fourth hewed to pieces, so that not many escaped from day Christmas, and continued carry away being slaughtered on that spot by David and his for the space two days the brass, iron, accou people. When this news reached the captain of trements, treasure, and corn which he found
that town, he mustered the soldiers of Kilmallock, and marched with an active and fierce force to scour
Kenry, in the hope of meeting some person or per
sons on whom they might wreak their vengence for the slaughter of their people; they proceeded to
Ballycahane, which was one of the towns belonging
to Purcell, who always aided the crown, from the
beginning of the war between the English and the
Geraldines, ’till that time; the captain slew seven
score and ten (150) of women and children, and
of every description of persons that he found both
within and outside that town. That David, whom
we have already mentioned, by whom the captain’s
people were slain, a man who suffered much evil
and injury in the war of the Geraldines with the
Aharlo, and afterwards demolished the town.
The Receiver the Geraldines, Nicholas, the son William, the son Nicholas, was slain
by the soldiers Adare.
Doctor Sanduir died the woods Claonglass,
and was the supporting pillar the Catholic faith, and the chief sustaining protection the
Geraldines the war which they were engaged, and this was not wondered at, for was with
English, happened to proceed in December, with captain Zouch having proceeded from Cork,
a crew of sixteen men, from the borders of Kenry, through Carberry, the monastery Bantry,
in a slender narrow skiff, and rowed along the sent the sons Torlogh, the son Maolmurry,
coast of the Shannon, directly north-westward, son Donogh Mac Sweeny; the son O’Dono
and landed in Iniscattery, where they remained van, and number the chiefs Pobals, and that night. When Torlogh, the son of Teige, son the gentlemen Carberry, plunder the son
of Murrogh, son of Teige Roe, son of Torlogh, the O'Sullivan. The forces thus sent the captain son of Mac Mahon, from the territory of east Cor having taken immense spoils and much booty,
cabaiscin (in Clare), received intelligence that David had passed him by, he launched a boat, in the beginning of the night, on the Shannon's blue stream, and he and those who accompanied him proceeded to Iniscattery, where they landed on the banks of the fair island; he then proceeded to the house in which David was, and they instantly set fire to the house, to burn David and his party quickly came forth unarmed, and surrendered
the mercy Mac Mahon's son, who immediately took him and his people prisoners; the son Mac Mahon returned back that night with his prisoners
Ballymacolman, and the following day hanged David’s people the next trees them; the
brave hero David was sent Limerick, where was immediately executed.
A. D. 1581.
Doctor Saunders was eminent English ecclesiastic who was appointed Rome the Pope's legate Ireland, and came overwith James Mac Maurice Fitzgerald, who landed with some forces Italians and Spaniards Smerwick Kerry. Doctor Saunders accompanied the forces the Geraldines Desmond,
Donal thought great mortification suffer his property carried away, and himself alive, and he therefore attacked the Irish clans who were
about the booty, and was verified that day, that not by numerous force battle gained, for nearly three hundred the Carberians were slain by Donal, although his own party did not number much more than fifty men, who were able
fight that battle.
Patrick and Edmond, the sons Fitz Maurice
Kerry, namely, Thomas, the son Edmond, son Thomas, son Edmond, made their escape from the king's court, Limerick, after the
council had decreed they should put death, but, however, God did not sanction that decree. Those sons were for some time concealment
but after encountering many fatigues and disappointments was
James Mac Maurice he had come
The son O'Sullivan Beire, Donal, son Dermod, son
Ireland. "
Donal, the son Donal, son
Donal, son Dermod Balbh, defeated the people Carberry (in Cork), the month December,
The manner which that happened was this, that
seized with violent disease
which he died, great distress the woods Claenglais, the
Limerick, where, according all relief, being attended
and destitution, barony Conello, Mac Geoghegan, his last moments
some retreat the county
lay destitute
Cornelius O'Ryan, titular bishop Killaloe.
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520 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1581.
the woods of Clan Cuileain (in Clare), from which and Tyronians, and requested O'Neill to come to they afterwards proceeded into Clanmaurice (in his aid, with a large force, against O’Donnell. Kerry); they were not long there until their sup Con’s forces consisted of six score cavalry, with porters amounted to hundreds of kerns, although three companies of galloglasses, of the tribe of they had but a few supporters when they left the Roderick, of the Mac Sweeneys of Fanat, along prison of Limerick; they spent the remainder of with Torlogh, the son of Murrogh, son of John the year plundering and in insurrection. Roe ; Nial, the son of Eivir, and Brian, the
The coarb of Senan died, namely, Calbhach, the son of Eivir Mac Sweeney, and many Scots, and son of Siacus, son of Siacus Mac Cathain (the suc O’Neill, with all the forces he could collect. Those cessor of St. Senanus, abbot of Inis-Cathy, on the combined forces did not halt until they encamped Shannon, south-west of Limerick). at Kiltuathail, near Raphoe, a town which had
John Oge and Con, the sons of John, son of been blessed by Colum Kille, and afterwards by Con Bacach, son of Con, son of Henry, son of Adamnan. When O’Donnell received intelligence
Owen O'Neill, marched with a force into Brefney O’Reilly ; they devastated and plundered every part of Brefney through which they passed. The son of O’Reilly, i. e. Philip, the son of Hugh Co nallach, son of Maolmora, son of John, with a large body of the forces of the country, pursued and overtook them carrying off the prey. The Eugenians (O’Neills of Tyrone), were not the better of the battle fought that day for many years, for the O’Reillys recovered the booty from them, and gained the victory, and they took Con, the son of John O’Neill, prisoner; and when John Oge could not be taken by the valiant forces, he was immediately put to the sword, and unfortunately slain; and lamentable was the fate which befel that esteemed man, for there was not of the Milesian race a man to whom that John would not have
of this, he forthwith collected all the forces he could, although he was very prepared the time, being under subjection the queen Eng land, and his friends were variance with him till then, that was not prepared for war battle, but, however, deemed disgrace, that
invading force should enter his country without giving them battle, even were sure losing his
life the spot. Con O’Donnell was great his own opinion, and his thoughts exalted, that really believed that O’Neill, Torlogh, and
O’Donnell, Hugh, were united one side,
should not hesitate give them battle, that
was sure victory when aided O’Neill. O’Don nell marched with his forces towards O’Neill’s
possible expedition, without halting put his men rank order. meditate before they had come up him, and enquired the Mac Sweeneys, par ticularly Torlogh, the son Roderick, who were along with him, and Con (O’Donnell), what was their opinion the result the intended battle that day. One them, namely, Torlogh, the corn, and dwellings. O’Reilly then made peace son Roderick, replied, and said that should those
been a worthy heir.
O'Neill, i. e. Torlogh Luineach, marched with
O'Neill began
a force to take revenge on the O’Reillys for that battle, and he made a large camp of well-armed warriors in the very centre of Brefney O’Reilly, and began to spoil and completely destroy cattle,
with him, set Con at liberty, without a ransom, and agreed to a reparation to O’Neill for the death of John and his people.
advancing draw their breath, refresh themselves with water, and fall into regular rank and array, they would sure defeat us, even were our
Great dissensions arose between O’Donnell, i. e. forces more numerous than theirs; but should they Hugh, the son of Manus, son of Hugh Oge, son not halt get into regular order, quench their of Hugh Roe, and his brother's son, namely, Con, thirst, you and we must succeed defeating them. the son of Calvach, son of Manus, son of Hugh They advanced boisterous manner, looking Oge. Con went in alliance with O’Neill, i. e. the Tyronians with indifference, for the Tircon Torlogh Luineach, the son of Niall Conallach, son nallians were always accustomed maintain their of Art, to war against his kinsman; he complained ground, whenever they had encountered them until and represented to him the old animosities which then. As soon both parties met, fierce and had formerly existed between the Tirconnallians desperate engagement ensued between them, and
camp with stopping
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REIGNOF ELIZABETH. 52l
on that occasion the noble adage was verified, viz. , connallians were defeated, because a party of them that one kinsman is stimulated by another. violated Kilmacrenan the day previous to that O’Donnell and his forces were defeated and a great battle, and the bishop prayed that they might not number of his people were slain; among those prosper on their expedition; and it was on the 4th were Mac Sweeney of Banagh, i. e. Maolmurry, of July that defeat was given.
the son of Hugh, and his sons Murrogh and Tor logh Meirgeach ; Niall Modardha, the son of Niall
Oge Mac Sweeney; but in short fifteen of the
Calvach, the son of Donal, son of Teige, son of Cathal Oge, son of Donal, son of Owen, son of Donal, son of Murtogh O'Conor, the only son of
Mac Sweeneys of Banagh were slain; a great O'Conor Sligo, died; he was the more lamented in
number of the Tuatha, and of those of Fanat, and the country, because the worthy couple from whom
of the O'Boyles; a great number also of the O'Gal this noble youth sprung had no hope or expecta
laghers, along with Fergal, the son of Torlogh, son
of Tuathal Balbh, and a vast number besides;
and Mac Sweeny of Fanat was taken prisoner in
that engagement. It was by the curse of the bishop O Firghil (bishop of Raphoe), that the Tir
2. The O'Conors of Sligo. —An account of the O'Conors, the ancient kings of Connaught, who were of the race of the Hy-Brin nians, a branch of the Heremonians, has been given in the notes on South Connaught, and many distinguished princes and chiefs of the O'Conors of Connaught have been mentioned in the course of these Annals. They became divided into three great branches, the heads of which were styled the O'Conors Don, the O'Conors Roe, and the O'Conors Sligo. The O'Conors Don, who still retain the title, were the head branch, and the lineal descendantsof the ancient kings of Connaught, and many chiefs of them, and of the O'Conors Roe, both located in the county of Roscommon, have been recorded in the Annals. The other branch of the O'Conors settled in Sligo, be came powerful, and many of their chiefs have been also mentioned in the course of the Annals. It appears they had extensive pos sessions in Sligo, and their influence and authority extended over the greater part of the county, according to the above passage in the Annals, wherein it is stated that they exerciscq authority from Moy Ceidne to Ceis Corran, and from the Moy to the boun dary of Brefney; Moy Ceidle, as before explained, was the an cient name of the plain extending near the Atlantic from Bally shannon in Donegal to Bundrowes in Leitrim, and, according to Charles O'Conor, contained part of Carbury, in Sligo; and Kesh Corran is a mountain near Lough Arrow, in Sligo, towards the
Curlew mountains, on the borders of Roscommon; their territory
extended also, according to the Annals, from the river Moy, which separates the counties of Sligo and Mayo, to the boundary of
Brefney, that Leitrim. The O'Conors for long period held
tion of any other issue; and had he lived, he would, after the death of his father, have been sole heir
and successor of the country from Moy Ceidne to
Ceis Corran, and from Moy to the boundary of Brefney. ”
castle), for the purpose transacting his affairs North Con
naught, every time demands it; that should O'Donnell under apprehension that the English Saxons might take Sligo,
Sligo, but generally subjection the O'Donnells, Tirconnell, whom that castle, and the territory
this world, and have mercy his soul the point death, did not fulfil this matter O'Donnell, and his heirs after him. The security for this covenant the part the church
the castle
princes
Carbury
which has been translated from Irish MS. vellum, the valuable library Sir William Betham, gives very curious and interesting account the conditions which the O'Conor Sligo held the castle that town under O'Donnell, and illustrates the Inode military tenure under the ancient Irish chiefs. This do cument dated the year 1539, and runs follows:
“These are the conditions and the agreement which O'Don
Sligo originally belonged. The following document,
nell gives the Bardachd, that the wardenship Teige, the son Cathal Oge O'Conor, and which
Sligo, accepted
viz. , that Teige should trusty and faithful officer nell all occasions, against both the English and Irish
O'Don the every cause,great and small, both home and abroad, church and country (or lay and ecclesiastical), and particularly every time
that O’Donnell demands Sligo from the son Cathal Oge, obliged deliver him; that every time O'Donnell proceeds into North ‘Sonnaught, the son Cathal Oge bound deliver
him the keys Sligo, and give him the town itself (or
country, and distant parts, and counselled him
retain that Teige king who may come throughout Sligo
bound send O'Donnell every provincial Sligo, and also every chief town sent O'Donnell, and nothing else but
from the son Cathal Oge, should taken possession
shall receive
castle), lest
by any others
Oge; that Teige
shals O'Donnell,
the lordship O’Donnell that every time O’Donnell sends Buannaighe (i. e. retained soldiers), into North Connaught, Teige
bound support them, and not that alone, but enforce their
opposition O'Donnell,
demolish (the the English,
the son Cathal bound go along with the officers and mar every part North Connaught, enforce
billetting (or quartering) for the soldiers North Connaught, and that Teige shall have those sent him O'Donnell, and such
every other part other soldiers than will permit him
that which O'Donnell himself shall consent; that Teige shall make neither peace nor war with any person far near, church
country, but with O'Donnell's permission, and
every person whom O’Donnell desires him
O'Donnell shall have the small Tower Sligo,
soever himself may please his own people, for the purpose transacting his private affairs North Connaught. Teige gave the Almighty God, his Divinity and Humanity, oath and security for the fulfilment every thing this engagement, and pledged himself that God might visit his body with evils
the archbishop communion,
crated grave-yard,
mastery given Teige, any person who would join him, should violate any part this engagement; and the archbishop
bound, and also every ecclesiastic under his jurisdiction, ex tinguish the candles the cross (that pronounce excommu nication), against Teige, and every one who joins him, often O'Donnell requires them so. The sureties these conditions
behalf the professional men Ireland, are Conor Roe Mac Ward, O'Clery, and Fergal, the son Donal Roe Mac Ward; and they themselves, and the professional men Ireland, are bound satirize Teige, O'Donnell may require The witnesses this compact are the guardian (i. e. abbot) Donegal, namely, Rode rick Mac Cormac, and the entire his confraternity, namely, Torlogh O'Conor, John O'Donnell, Bryan Magrath, and William O'Dwyer; also, the archbishop Tuam (Christopher Bodekine); the bishop O'Gallagher (Edmond O'Gallagher, bishop Raphoe);
Tuam, who not allow the benefit mass, confession, baptism, burial any conse
the protection (sanctuary) church mo
war with war with that give whom
to it,
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522 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1582.
Cathal Oge, the son of Teige, son of Cathal O'Conor Sligo, Donal, the son Teige, son Oge O'Conor, and Maolmora, the son of Maol Cathal Oge, and the people Nicholas, received murry, son of Owen Mac Sweeny, and Feargan intelligence that they (the Scots), were situated, eagla (this means a man without fear) his brother,
together with a great number of the chiefs of the
country, were slain in North Connaught by the
Scots, who were overunning the country at the in
stigation of sir Nicholas Malby. The constable of Cathal Oge.
the Scots was Alexander, the son of Donal Ballach, The sons of the earl of Clanrickard concluded son of Mac Donnell; and there were not in Ireland peace with the English, the summer this year, at that time two who bore a higher reputation, one after their towns had been demolished, and their as a gentleman, and the other as a constable, than kinsman hanged; they were granted peace without
Cathal Oge and Maolmora. On the same day the
son of O'Conor Don, namely Hugh, the son of Dermod, son of Carbry, was taken prisoner by
the Scots; but they refused to deliver him to the should pay the queen's rent twice year; Mahon captain, and they afterwards proceeded with him O’Brien was concerned the peace the sons
to O'Rourke, and O'Rourke redeemed Hugh from the earl. Two companies soldiers were quartered
they attacked them their beds, and sleeping places, and slew Alexander, together with vast
number his people; and that slaughter was due
O'Conor,
tax, cess bondage, and without injury being done
their estate military forces, while they should peaceable, condition, however, that they
revenge the death his brother
the Scots, and O’Rourke and Hugh were after that in alliance. Alexander, before mentioned, left O’Rourke in the harvest of this year, and went to
Nicholas (Malby), who received him with great welcome; and November he was retained throughout Hy Fiachra the Moy. When
Thomond, with captain Diring, from November the festival of St. Patrick.
A. D. 1582.
Margaret, the daughter Hugh Duv, son
the abbot Derry (Cuchonacht O'Firgil O'Freel); and the Corcomroe Clare; the O'Conors, lords Offaley; and the
dean Derry. The year our Lord when this indentnre was written, the monastery Donegal, was 1539, the 23d day
the month June, the Vigil St. John the Baptist. ” The fol lowing are the signatures the ecclesiastics who witnessed this document, written Latin: “Nos Edmundus, Episcopus Ra potensis interfui tempore premissorum; Ego Abbas 1}erensis,tes tis sum omnium premissorum; Ego Frater Rogerus Mac Cormac,
Guardianus Donegal, cum meo conventu fuimus testes premis sorum omnium Ego Shane O'Donnell sum testium premissorum unus; Ego Frater Terrentius O'Conor, testis interfui premis; Ego Decanus Derensisinterfui tempore premiss. ” The professional men signed
O'Conors, chiefs Derry; accounts all these different chiefs have been given the course the Annals.
the crown the lands over that county.
Sligo, and was equal power earl
Connaught, there were several other
follows Irish “I Conor Roe, am these sureties;
O'Clery, Sureties. ”
stated, “that
1585, the government the lord deputy sir John Perrott, O'Conor Sligo, who had formerly taken Patent for the county
Sligo, the yearly rent £100, did covenant that lieu this cess would pay per annum fine horse, and 100 large fat beeves for three years, and afterwards 130 beeves annually Michaelmas, the castle Athlone; and also that would
all Hostings bring 20 horse and 60 foot, and maintain them days, and would pay money £25 per annum, and that cases
necessity, should assist the queen with all his forces, and that should make legal estates the freeholders, they paying their proportion the aforesaid contribution; and the queen granted O'Conor all forfeitures for felony outlawry, re cognizance, and all waifs, strays, and penalties for bloodshed. ” Thus appears that that period, the reign Elizabeth, the O'Conor Sligo had the chief authority Sligo, and possessedunder
am these sureties;
Fergal Mac Ward,
am these
Cox's Hibernia Anglicana,
the year
Besides the O'Conors
great families the O'Conors, all different descent, and dis tinct tribes, the O'Conors, lords Kerry; the O'Conors, lords
The O'Conors of Offaley. —An account this great family, who were princes and lords Offaley Kildare and King's coun ty, and the head whom was styled the O'Conor Faily, has been given the notes Offaley, and other parts
Cox, his Hibernia Anglicana, gives account
which arose between two chiefs the O'Conors
was decided remarkable single combat, trial by wager battle, the month September, 1583. Teige Mac Gillpatrick O'Conor was accused Conor Mac Cormac O'Conor, before the lords justices and council, killing and murdering his men, being under protection; Teige answered, that they had, since the pro tection, confederated with the rebel Cathal O'Conor, and there fore were also rebels, and that was ready justify his assertion by combat. Conor accepted the challenge, and the weapons, which were sword and target, being chosen by the defendant, the next day was appointed for the battle, and Patrons were assigned
each them introduce them into the Lists; the day being come and the court sitting, the combatantswere likewise seated on two stools, one each end the inner court the Castle Dublin. Most the military officers were present render this action the more solemn, and the pleadings being read, the comba
lords justices, sir Henry Wallop, and Adam Loftus, archbishop Dublin.
their shirts and searched by secretary Fen them took corporal oath that his quarrel would justify the same with his blood; then the sound the trumpets they began fight with great reso lution, but length Conor Mac Cormac was twice wounded his leg, and once his eye, and therefore designed close with his adversary, but Teige being too strong for him, pummelled him till loosened his murrion, and then easily stunned him, and with Conor's own sword cut off his head and presented the
tants were stripped ton, and then each was true, and that
these Annals. contention Offaley, and
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 523
Hugh Roe, son of Niall Garv, son of Torlogh of and from that time forth their lands, towns, and the Wine O’Donnell, the wife of O’Reilly (of church livings, were allotted each, that they Cavan), i. e. of Maolmora, the son of John, son of were publicly friends, but privately discontented. Cathal, died in the spring of this year; and it is Teige, the son Conor, son Torlogh, son doubtful if there lived in Ireland at that time, of Teige, son Bryan the Battle Nenagh the women of the Gadelian race, a more bountiful O’Brien, died the month August, and like woman than that Margaret. wise the same week the earl; the deceased
The earl of Clanrickard, i. e. Rickard Saxanach, was champion bravery, and hero military
the son of Ulick of the heads, son of Rickard, son achievements; of Ulick of Knock Tuagh, son of Ulick Meadhan Thomond, until
ach, son of Ulick of the Wine, who had been brother Donal;
taken prisoner by the lord justice, sir Henry and France, and from thence England, where
Sydney, in the year of the Christian era 1576, and
had been confined for a year in Dublin after his
capture, and had been the remainder of the time
till this year imprisoned in London, was seized
in the summer of this year with a continued con son Teige, son Torlogh, son
was for some time tanist was expelled along with his
afterwards went Spain
obtained pardon, and his landed property, except the tanistship alone; died the fulness
age, and was buried the monastery Ennis.
Donogh, the son Murrogh, son
Torlogh, Bryan the ignomini ous death, viz. , was hanged Thomond cap
tain Mordant, who was marshal the country, and by the sheriff, sir George, the son Thomas Cusack; had, the previous year, joined the sons the earl Clanrickard, but having repent ed, returned protection; those having found
sumptive disease, and his physicians and medical
attendants informed him that he was more likely
to die than recover from that sickness, and if he
had any chance of recovering his health it would be by visiting his native place, and living in the air
Battle Nenagh O’Brien, came by
of his own country; the earl was therefore allowed
to return to Ireland on account of his health, by
permission the sovereign and council, and par fault and deficiency the protection, took Donogh
don was granted him for his sons, and forgiveness
the depredations they had hitherto com He first landed Dublin, and then pro Athlone, and from thence the town
prisoner, and hanged him, we have before stated, the 29th September, Friday precisely,
for
mitted.
ceeded
Galway, where was welcomed with great glad Donogh, the son Torlogh, son Murtogh, son ness;
remained there rest and recruit him self, and his friends and relatives from among the English and Irish came visit him. When
Mac I-Brien Ara (in Tipperary), after having been for long time opposition his father, and league with the earl Desmond, returned
wished visit his people, his territory, and under protection; but was attacked un sons, his malady and sickness increased, which friendly manner, and slain by his brother Torlogh.
finally died, the month August precisely. O'Carroll, John-an-Bhealaigh, the son His Cluiche Caointeach (the ceremony funeral William Odhar, son Firganainm, son Mul
roona, son John, was, with abominable and unprofitable treachery, slain Mulroona, the son Teige Caoch, son Ferganainm; but Mul roona, however, did not long survive that murder, for himself came by his death three months dispute and controversy, went before Nicholas after, having been slain by relative, namely,
cry practised the ancient Irish), was performd his merchant friends that town, and his corpse
was conveyed interred with due solemnity the town Loughrea. His sons, who were peace with each other till then, having entered into
Malby, the governor the province Connaught, and both having proceeded Dublin,to appear be fore the high council, peace was made between them
that occasion, the following terms, viz. , Ulick
was appointed lord and earl his father's place, and the barony Leitrim was conferred John,
Calvach, the son William Odhar, and Calvach himself was nominated succeed his brother.
The four sons Roche (of Fermoy, Cork), namely, the sons David, son Maurice, son David, son Maurice, were slain by traitors the month April; and although they were slain
the gate Limerick; his corpse was conveyed his native place, and was interred Ennis.
of
on
to by be
in
go
he
on
of
of
of of
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he
in
on a by he he
ofof of
of
in of
to
in
of
to
to
in
of
of
sir
to
ill
he
in
heof
of
a in he in
of
to
in in of
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he
in
as of
he
to
all
of
of
of he
of
toofofinin ofhe
i. e.
of
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he
in of
of
of onas
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a
to at on
a ofby
to in of inof aof
to an of in an by of
3
x2in ofinat ofoftoinof
so
in of
of
of of
524 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1582.
by the same party, it was not on the same day country, were slain there; the constables the they were killed, for Redmond and Theobald, with Mac Sweeneys were also slain there, that not a great many of the gentlemen of their people, and more than fourteen men the people the of their chief constables, were slain while in pur country, who bore arms, survived that conflict, suit of a prey, which was carried off by the sen and Roche and Maurice were obliged bring eschal ofImokilly, and Gillpatrick Condon, in a
part of the country where they came in contact
with the traitors (Fitzgerald, seneschal of Imokilly,
killed twenty-five of the garrison of Lismore). Donal, the son Theobald, was slain, and his
The son O'Mulloy (of King's county), Theobald’s wife at that time was Grace, the death was the less lamented, account his hav
daughter of Torlogh, son of Murtogh, i. e. the daughter of Mac I-Brien of Ara, and when she
beheld her husband with his bones broken in pieces, and in a disfigured condition, while being conveyed
and both were buried together.
The Barry, i. e. David, (Barry, of Barrymore,
in Cork), defeated Maurice, the oldest son of
Roche, in an engagement; and Maurice made
his escape from that conflict after he had lost many of his men and horses.
The seneschal before mentioned (Fitzgerald of
Imokilly), and Patrick Condon, about the follow force, without either being quest the other; ing November, entered the western part of Roche’s John was wounded and taken prisoner the spot, country, (Fermoy, in Cork). John and Ulick, and had not gone mile beyond that place
ing endeavoured supplant and expel his father, order that himself might assume his place.
The son the earl Desmond, that say, John, the son James, son John, son
Thomas, the earl, fell unfortunately his ene and died the same night alongside of her husband, mies, which happened exactly after the following
towards her, she screamed in a wild frantic manner,
population from other districts inhabit the country afterwards.
manner: John having proceeded with four horse men the woods Aharlo, hold conference
with Barry More, who was leagued with him carrying depredations, crossed Avonmore (the river Blackwater), southward, the noon
the young sons of Roche, and the entire country,
rose up against the depredators, and defeated the
traitors in the first conflict; they continued to
pursue them beyond the boundary of the country,
to the vicinity of their strongholds in the forests
and woods, where the depredators turned on the
two sons of Roche, and slew them, together with would have been lamentable, on account his
those that were along with them and though seldom happens that slaughter takes place with out some one escaping, very few escaped those who had taken part that pursuit; nobles, land holders, chiefs Pobals (people, clans
tricts), and men worth and consequence
A. D. 1582.
Death Sir John Desmond. —In 1581 David Barry, baron Buttevant and Barrymore Cork, having opposed the
government, captain Walter Raleigh obtained warrant seize on Barry's court, and having set forward with his forces, lord Barry set fire his castle sooner than let fall into the hands the English, and the same time Fitzgerald, seneschal Imo killy, having attacked Raleigh, defeated his troops and forced him
fly Cork. David Barry and Fitzgerald Imokilly having afterwards entered into contention, sir John Desmond, the
month August, proceeded with force near the Blackwater reconcile them, but captain Zouch, then governor Munster, and
captain Dowdall, having learned where Desmond was cross the Blackwater, set out the night with strong force from Cork,
liberality bestowing valuable presents and much
wealth, and his feats arms leading forces. James, the son John, son Gerald, son
Thomas, the earl, who was taken prisoner along with John, the son the earl, was hanged shortly after, together with his two sons. "
and having arrived break day Castlelyons, they posted
themselves wood through which Desmond was pass, who being thus taken surprise, fought valiantly, but fell mortally wounded, and died the way they carried him Cork, along with many his followers who were made prisoners. Desmond's head was cut off and sent Dublin, where was fastened pole, and put the top the castle, and, according Mac Geoghegan, his body was tied gibbet the gates Cork, where remained for three four years, till was length car ried into the sea the wind. This sir John Fitzgerald, called John Desmond, was valiant commander, and was brother the earl Desmond, and sir James Desmond, whose death has been recorded the Annals the year 1580.
dis the
dark gloomy day, and was met front front, and face face, captain Zouch, with armed
when died. They conveyed him with his face under, across his own horse, Cork, and on arriving that town, they cut him into quarters,
and his head was sent Dublin, victory; and were not that the crown England, the loss
trophy was opposed
that good man
in
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 5 25
Catheleen, the daughter of Teige, son of Donal, Kerry), and afterwards joined his sons. He was son of Cormac Ladhrach Mac Carthy, the wife of not joined in that insurrection by the inhabitants Fitzmaurice of Kerry, died; her funeral proceeded of Baile-Mac-an-Chaim, or Baile-ui-Chaolaidh, or on Loch Lein Linfhiaclaigh, and her remains were by the Mac Pierces. Fitzmaurice took his sons with conveyed from one island to another, through him from the town, and both parties returned back to fear of the plunderers, and were interred in the their woods; but they had scarcely gone when
monastery of Airbealach (Irrelagh, or Mucruss Abbey, at the Lakes of Killarney).
Captain Zouch came to the country, on report of the death of Captain Hatsin, and to relieve his people; when he did not succeed in overtaking them about the town, he hanged the young hostages who were in the hands of his people from the coun try; he then scoured the woods in search of Fitzmaurice and his sons, and on that occasion he
Great wind, with constant rain, and excessive dearth, prevailed in successively; this year also was large nuts.
stormy weather, those two years remarkable for
A company of foot soldiers, and half a company
of cavalry, of captain Zouch’s force, were took much prey and booty, and slew many per quartered at Ardfert (in Kerry), from the begin sons; he put the inhabitants who had been along ning of harvest of the present year; and although
they had plenty of provisions and stores from the
queen, they did not cease from consuming and
wasting the country about them; and the son of
the chief of each Pobal (clan), in the country was
obliged to be sent to them as a hostage.
with the captain in that insurrection in possesion of Leac-Bebion, which had been vacated by Fitz maurice and his people. In some time after that, Fitzmaurice brought the earl of Desmond to the country, and having given battle to the people of Ardfert, they slew their captain, lieutenant, and
Patrick, Edmond, and Robert, the sons of Fitz ensign, and a great number along with them. Fitz Maurice (of Kerry), were joined with the Geral maurice suffered much above all others in that war, dines in the war, since they had left their imprison for his people were exterminated, and his corn,
ment in Limerick till then. On a certain night buildings, and dwellings, were destroyed; he had those proceeded to Ardfert, and on the following no security in taking refuge in the hollows of trees, morning seized on the booty of the town; Captain or of rocks, or caves of the earth, or in under Haitsein, the captain of the cavalry, rushed sud woods, for in those recesses he dreaded his ene denly upon them, without waiting for his soldiers, mies might find him. Captain Zouch went to but he was quickly encountered, and in the first on England in the month of August in this year, set was dismounted and dispatched by the sword. having left another captain in his place as The sons of Fitzmaurice returned with their prey, governor over the people of Munster; this captain
took with him all the soldiers that then were in gentleman of the Clan Sheehy, who was at that Ardfert to Cork, and from that time there was not time along with the sons of Fitzmaurice, namely, a company, or half a company of soldiers to overrun Murtogh, the son of Edmond, son of Manus, son of the country, or harass the Geraldines, to the end of
Edmond Mac Sheehy, was slain before the door of this year. Captain Zouch was killed in a conflict
and encamped at the town despite of the soldiers; a
the monastery of O’Torna (Odorney, in Kerry), by
the sons of the bishop of Kerry (James Fitzmaurice,
bishop of Ardfert), who were aiding the queen's
people on that occasion. Fitzmaurice, (Thomas end of the year, between Druim Fingin, Aharlo, Fitzmaurice, baron of Lixnaw, and ancestor of the and Coill-an-Chuigidh, and his sole study and earls of Kerry), who was till then with the greater occupation during that time was to harass the portion of his estate under law, when he saw his Butlers by day and night, in retaliation for the country being completely plundered, and having injury the earl Ormond had committed the
| been informed of the death of the captain by his Geraldines till them. was the more easy sons, he at once demolished Leacsnamha, Listua harass the Butlers, that the earl Ormond was thail, Biaille and Baile-an-Bhundenaigh (the castles England this year, and that occasion
of Lixnaw, Listowel, Beaulieu, and Ballybunnion, in (Desmond), had his full satisfaction over the estate,
in England before he could return to Ireland.
The earl of Desmond was located, from the middle month of harvest of the present year to the
in
on
of
he
to
It
of
on all
526 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1582.
for he left the entire country in weeds and waste, The earl of Desmond made an incursion into from Waterford to Lothra (Lorrha, in Tipperary), Kerry the harvest this year, and remained and from Cnamhchoill to the county of Kilkenny; encamped for nearly week the upper part this was no wonder for those lands to be waste, Clanmaurice; his foot soldiers proceeded from on account of the frequent depredations committed that place seize prey Pobal O'Keeffe (in by the earl in the two Ormonds, the territory of Cork), but O’Keeffe, with the neighbouring Ara, Ikerrin, and South Ely (all in Tipperary), people the vicinity, pursued the depredators with tributary districts, Middlethird, the Third during great part the day through the Largs
Clonmel, and both sides the river Suir, Luachair Deadhaidh (the Largs Slopes,
far the gates Waterford. impossible Kerry, the borders Cork), until they came to relate or enumerate half or one third of the des near the earl’s camp. When the earl heard the
perate encounters, hard contested conflicts, and in conflict the Kerns, and the loud report the trepidonsets, that were carried the Geraldines ordnance, quickly advanced, and defeated that time, and was then was said that O’Keeffe, the same place; and there were very the lowing cow, the voice ploughman, few those who came the pursuit but were
was not heard from Dunkeen (in Kerry), Cashel of Munster. ”
slain. O’Keeffe himself, Art, the son
Donal, son Art, and his son Art Oge, were taken prisoners, and another son his, namely,
The earl Desmond proceeded, the summer
this year, the east Munster, and the west Hugh, was slain; the son the vicar O'Scully
part the country the Butlers. There hap was also taken prisoner there, and was afterwards
pened have been that time before him hanged.
Fiodh-Ard (Fethard, Tipperary), the two young David (Barry) the Combat, the son John sons the earl Ormond, namely, Edmond-an Oge, son John, lord Coillmore, died.
Chaladh, and Edward, who were the sons
son Pierce Roe, son James, son
and they were brothers the then earl
namely, Thomas, and those the earl had left over
the country
England.
that time
and well-appointed company galloglasses, and giomanachs (light soldiers); they resolutely pre pared attack the insurgents, and advanced the same field where the earl was; they watched each other without engaging from Fethard Knock Graffan (in Tipperary, between Cahir and Cashel), where the earl encountered his adversaries, and defeated the Butlers. They left great number
their cavalry, and their foot soldiers, the mercy their enemies, and disposal their op ponents, that the hill which they fought that battle was strewed over with dead bodies
the Geraldines. lamentable death took place there, namely, Colla, the son Maolmurry, son
Donal Oge Mac Sweeney, the chief constable the Butlers. On the other side there fell only Gerald, the son John Oge, son Thomas the earl (of Desmond), and his death was much
lamented his own country.