A
miscellaneous
writer;
born in Beaufort, N C.
born in Beaufort, N C.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
, Dec.
10,
1837. In fiction he has achieved celebrity with
stories of life in Southern Indiana in pioneer
days, while as a historian he makes a specialty
of American subjects. His works include: (The
Hoosier Schoolmaster); (The End of the
World); (The Circuit Rider); Roxy); (The
Graysons); (The Faith Doctor); (The Hoosier
Schoolboy); 'Queer Stories for Boys and Girls );
(Schoolmasters' Stories ); (Mr. Blake's Walk-
ing-Stick); (Duffels); (School History of the
United States); Household History of the
L'nited States); (First Book in American His-
tory); (The Beginners of a Nation, the first
volume of a History of Life in the United
States); etc. *
Eggleston, George Cary. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer, brother of
Edward; born in Vevay, Ind. , Nov. 26, 1839.
He has long been connected in an editorial
capacity with one or another New York news-
paper, including the World, the Evening Post,
and the Commercial Advertiser. A few of his
many books are: A Man of Honor); (A
Rebel's Recollections); (The Wreck of the
Red Bird”; Red Eagle); (Juggernaut' (with
Dolores Marbourg); and for young people :
(How to Educate Yoursell); How to Make
a Living
Egill Skallagrimsson (ā'gēl skällä-grēm'-
son). A celebrated Icelandic skald of the 10th
century, who did heroic and daring deeds as
well as sung of them; he was a brave fighter
and a reckless sea-rover. The story of his
life, in (Egillsaga) or Eigla, tells how he
was a poet at three and killed his man at
seven; and how he roamed in quest of ad.
venture over northern Europe, in the wildest
vicissitudes of fortune, and finally died blind
at a good old age. It is reputed to belong to
the 13th century, but contains several indis.
putably genuine compositions of Egill; includ-
ing the song of 'The Life (or Head) Redeemed,
which placated King Ethelstan when resolved
to put the rover to death; the lament for (His
Son's Death); the song in Praise of Arin-
björn.
Egilsson, Sveinbjörn (ā'gel-son). An Ice-
landic scholar and critic; born in Gullbringa-
sysla, Feb. 24, 1791 ; died at Reikiavik, Aug.
17, 1852. He investigated ably the native an-
tiquities, edited a series of Icelandic historical
works, and completed a Poetic Lexicon of
the Ancient Tongue of the North) (1855-60),
published posthumously.
Eginhard or Einhard (āg'in-härt, in’härt).
A German historian; born in Maingau, about
770; died in Seligenstadt, March 14, 840. He
was educated by Alcuin, and afterwards became
Charlemagne's private secretary and superin-
tendent of public buildings. He married
Imma,-- a noble lady, legendarily confounded
with Emma, Charlemagne's daughter. His
chief work, a Life of Charlemagne,' is one of
the most important of mediæval histories. He
also wrote: (Annals of the Franks, 741-829;
(Epistles); and (An Account of the Transfer
of the Relics of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter. '
Eguilaz, Luis (ā-gel-äth'). A Spanish dram-
atist (1830-78); born at Xeres de la Frontera;
settled at Madrid. His plays Bitter Truths)
and “The Life of Soldier John gave him fame,
and he poured forth others in a great stream,
strong in character-drawing and very success-
ful. Among them are: (The Quarrels of
the Philosopher King'; Matrimony's Cross);
(Leaden Soldiers. )
Ehlert, Louis (āl'ert). A German composer
and writer on music; born in Königsberg, Jan.
13, 1825; died in Wiesbaden, Jan. 4, 1884.
(Letters on Music to a (Female) Friend' (1859),
(Roman Days) (1867), and (From the World
of Harmony) (2d ed. 1882), are his literary
successes.
Ehrlich, Alfred Heinrich (ārʻlich). An
Austrian musician, novelist, and writer on
music; born in Vienna, Oct. 5, 1822. His best
literary work is contained in (Art and Handi-
work) (1862), a novel; (The Development of
Musical Æsthetics from Kant's Time to our
Own (1881); and “The Art of Living and
the Art Life) (1884).
Eichendorff, Baron Joseph von (i'chen-dôrf).
A distinguished German poet; born at the cas-
tle of Lubowitz in Silesia, March 10, 1788;
died at Neisse, Nov. 26, 1857. He was the
most gifted and original romantic lyrist of Ger-
many, and the last great one. He was a high
Prussian official till 1845, when he retired. His
principal works are : (Presage and Presence);
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166
EICHHORN - ELIOT
)
(War to the Philistines,' a dramatic story ;
(The Life of a Good-for-Nothing,' idealizing
vagabondage; the tragedies (Ezzelin von Ro.
mano,' (The Last Hero of Marienburg, and
other plays. When God his Favor would Be-
stow,' 'In Some Cool Retreat, and others
might be called popular ballads. He is sweet,
visionary, dreamily nature-loving, but not of
great force. *
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried (ich'horn). A
German historian and Oriental scholar; born in
Dörrenzimmern, Oct. 16, 1752; died in Göt-
tingen, June 25, 1827. (A Critical and Historical
Introduction to the Old Testament) (1780–83);
(General History of Literature and Culture in
Modern Europe) (1796-99); and History of
Literature (1799); besides other studies, hap-
pily embody great research and sympatheti-
cally vitalized learning.
Eichrodt, Ludwig (ich'rot). A German hu-
morous poet (1827-92); born near Karlsruhe.
His pieces in the comic papers - which be-
gan in 1848 with (The Itch for Travel, in
Fliegende Blätter - were collected as: (Poems
in All Humors); (Lyric Caricatures); (The
Tailor's Pocketbook); Life and Love) (po-
ems). Among his dramatic poems are (The
Counts Palatine, or a Night in the Lanes of
Heidelberg,' and (Alboin. ) His Collected
Poems) (2 vols. , 1890) comprise his best pieces.
His verse, though witty, is never without seri-
ous purpose.
Eichtal, Gustave d' (ich'tal or esh-täl').
A French historical and ethnological writer;
born in Nancy, March 22, 1804; died in Paris,
April 9, 1886. He began studying social prob-
lems, but subsequently applied himself to such
topics as (The Black Race and the White
Race) (partly by J. Urbain : 1839), "Critical
and Comparative Investigation of the First
Three Gospels) (1863), and Christianity and
the Three Great Mediterranean Peoples) (1864),
with the most valuable results.
Elbe, A. von der (āl’bė), pseudonym of
Auguste von der Decken. A German novelist,
daughter and wife of important public men.
Her novels were very successful: An Old
Debt) (1890), “True Love) (1891), and (The
World of Sham (1892), increase in popularity.
Elder, Susan Blanchard. An American
poetic and dramatic writer; born in Fort Jessup,
La. , about 1835. Educated in St. Michael's
Convent of the Sacred Heart, New Orleans.
She began to write for the press, under the
Hermine,” when quite young. She has
published: (The Loss of the Papacy); James
the Second); (Savonarola. Her contribu-
tions to Roman Catholic publications are nu-
merous, and her devotional poems are very
popular. Her dramas are meant for repre-
sentation in Roman Catholic colleges.
Elder, William. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Somerset, Pa. , July 23, 1800;
died in Washington, D. C. , April 5, 1885.
Prior to the Civil War he was well known as
an abolitionist, a forceful writer, and an elo.
quent speaker. His publications include: Peri-
scopics) (1854); The Enchanted Beauty)
(1855); Life of Dr. E. K. Kane) (1857);
"Questions of the Day) (1871); and (Conver-
sations on Political Economy) (1882).
Elderton, William. An English ballad-
writer; died 1592 (? ). He wrote much, 'A New
Yorkshyre Song) being among his productions,
all vastly popular in the sixteenth century.
Eliot, Charles William. President of Har.
vard University; born in Massachusetts, 1834.
He has published Manual of Qualitative
Chemical Analysis'; Manual of Inorganic
Chemistry) (with Storer); etc. He is a con
stant writer on education and other prominent
questions of the day.
Eliot, George, pseudonym of Mary Ann
Evans. A great English novelist; born at
Arbury Farm, Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire,
Nov. 22, 1819; died in London, Dec. 22, 1880.
Her publications are : "Strauss's Life of Jesus'
(anon. : 1846); "Ludwig Feuerbach's Essence
of Christianity, by Marian Evans) (1854);
(Scenes of Clerical Life (1858); Adam Bede)
(1859); (The Mill on the Floss) (1800); (Silas
Marner? (1861); Romola) (1863; previously
in the Cornhill, July 1862 to August 1863; an
al edition de luxe," with Sir Frederick Leigh-
ton's illustrations, appeared in 1880); Felix
Holt' (1880); «The Spanish Gypsy) (1808);
(Agatha,' a poem (1869); (Middlemarch' (1872;
in parts, December 1871 to December 1872);
Jubal and Other Poems); Daniel Deronda
(1870); (Impressions of Theophrastus Such'
(1879). Two short stories, (The Lifted Veil
and Brother Jacob, appeared in Blackwood
in 1860. In addition to these, she wrote a
very large number of papers for the reviews,
such as: (Carlyle's Life of Sterling' (1852);
"Women in France (1854); (Prussia and Prus-
sian Policy) (Stahr, 1855; Dryden, 1855);
(Evangelical Teachings) (1855); (Silly Novels
by Lady Novelists) (1856); (German Wit!
(Heine, 1856); Natural History of German
Life) (1856); (Three Months at Weimar)
( 1855 ); Influence of Rationalism (1865);
(Lecky's History) (1865); Address to Work-
ingmen by Felix Holt) (1866); and Leaves
from a Note Book. ) The Life of George
Eliot' was published by her husband in 1884. *
Eliot, John. The Apostle to the Indians ");
born in Widford, Hertfordshire, England, in
1004; died at Roxbury, Mass. , May 21, 1600.
He was educated at Cambridge University,
England; emigrated to Boston in 1631. In
1640 he began his efforts to convert the In-
dians. His Indian version of the New Testa-
ment was printed at Cambridge, Mass. , 1001.
Two years later the Old Testament appeared.
He published : “The Christian Commonwealth)
(1654) ; (The Communion of Churches) (1005);
and « The Harmony of the Gospels) (1678).
Eliot, Samuel. An American historian ; born
in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 22, 1821. He filled the
(
name
(
## p. 167 (#183) ############################################
ELIZABETH - ELLIS
167
chair of political science and constitutional
law in Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. ; was
an overseer of Harvard in 1866–72. Columbia
gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1863, Har-
vard in 1880. Among his publications are:
"Passages from the History of Liberty) (1847);
(The Liberty of Rome) (2 vols. , 1849); (Man-
ual of United States History between the
Years 1792 and 1850) (1856; revised ed. 1873) ;
and (Stories from the Arabian Nights) (1879).
Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania. See Sylva.
Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, Earl of. An
English statesman, man of letters, and poet;
born in London, Jan. I, 1800, died there, Feb.
18, 1857. His (The Pilgrimage and Other
Poems) (1856) constitutes his most valid title
to fame, although he wrote much and well
on biographical, historical, and literary subjects.
Ellet, Elizabeth Fries. An American prose-
writer; born in Sodus Point, N. Y. , in 1818;
died June 3, 1877. Among her books are a
translation of Silvio Pellico's (Euphemia of
Messina) (1834); Poems, Original and Se-
lected) (1835); (Characters of Schiller) (1842);
Pioneer women of the West) (1852); "Queens
of American Society) (1867); (Court Circles
of the Republic, with Mrs. R. E. Mack (1869);
'The Practical Housekeeper); Evenings at
Woodlawn); "Women Artists in All Ages.
Ellinwood, Frank Fields. An American
clergyman and author; born in Oneida County,
N. Y. , about 1826. He graduated at Ham-
ilton College in 1849; was ordained a minister
in the Presbyterian Church in 1853; and became
secretary of foreign missions for that denomi-
nation in 1871. His chief works are: (The
Great Conquest) (1876); (Oriental Religions
and Christianity) (1892).
Elliot, Sir Gilbert. A Scotch statesman,
philosopher, and poet; born in Teviotdale,
Minto Parish (? ), September 1722; died at
Marseilles, Jan. II, 1777. His song of Amynta,
beginning My sheep I neglected, I broke my
sheep hook,” is famous; and he wrote occas-
ional philosophical papers.
Elliot, Henry Rutherford. An American
journalist and story-writer; born 1849. He has
written : (The Basset Claim, a Story of Life
in Washington); (The Common Chord, a Story
of the Ninth Ward'; and other fictions
Elliot, Jane. A Scotch poet, sister of Sir
Gilbert; born in Teviotdale, 1727; died there,
March 29, 1805. She wrote (The Flowers of
the Forest) (1756), a song of Flodden field.
Elliott, Charles Wyllys. An American nov-
elist and historian; born in Guilford, Conn. ,
May 27, 1817; died Aug. 23, 1883. Settling in
New York, he was one of the founders and
trustees of the Children's Aid Society in 1853,
and in 1857 was one of the commissioners for
laying out Central Park. He published among
other works: (Cottages and Cottage Life)
(1848); (Mysteries, or Glimpses of the Super-
natural) (1852); (The Book of American In-
teriors); Pottery and Porcelain); “Remarkable
Characters and Places in the Holy Land”;
(St. Domingo, its Revolution and its Hero);
(Wind and Whirlwind,' a novel; and others.
Elliott, Charlotte. An English hymn-writer;
born March 17, 1789; died at Brighton, Sept.
22, 1871. Her sacred songs were exceedingly
popular; Just as I Am (1834) being univer-
sally adopted.
Elliott, Ebenezer. An English popular poet;
born in Masborough, near Sheffield, March 17,
1781 ; died at Great Houghton, near Barnsley,
Dec. I, 1849. At first a foundry hand, his poetic
gift was used in denouncing the exploitation
of the proletariat by a capitalistic oligarchy;
yet the bitterness and exaggerated rhetoric one
would expect are wholly absent from Corn
Law Rhymes) (1831) and More Prose and
Verse) (1850).
Elliott, Sir Henry Miers. An English his-
torian; born in. Westminster, 1808; died at
Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, Dec. 20,
1853. Long an Indian civil servant, he com-
piled Memoirs of the History, Folk Lore,
and Distribution of the Races of the North-
western Provinces of India) (1869), and (The
History of India as Told by its Own Histo-
rians : The Muhammedan Period (1867-77),
which appeared posthumously.
Elliott, Henry Wood. An American prose-
writer; born in Cleveland, O. , Nov. 13, 1841.
He edited the Cleveland Daily Herald in 1879;
was sent by the government to Alaska as spe-
cial agent of the Treasury Department. Upon
his return he published Monograph of the
Seal Islands) (1881), and "Our Arctic Province,
Alaska, and the Seal Islands) (1886).
Elliott, Maud (Howe). An American nov-
elist, daughter of Julia Ward Howe; born in
Boston, Mass. , Nov. 9, 1855. Her writings in-
clude : (A Newport Aquarelle) (1883); (The
San Rosario Ranch) (1884), Atalanta in the
South' (1886); Mammon (1888); 'Honor';
and Phyllida.
Elliott, Sarah Barnwell. An American
novelist, granddaughter of Stephen Elliott of
South Carolina. Her best-known works are :
(The Felmeres) (1879); (Jerry); (John Paget,
a novel of New York and Newport.
Elliott, William.
A miscellaneous writer;
born in Beaufort, N C. , April 27, 1788, died
there, February 1863. He was educated at
Yale; devoted himself mainly to agriculture
and rural sports. His contributions to the
Southern Review were numerous. His pub-
lished works include an (Address before the St.
Paul's Agricultural Society) (1850); Fiesco,
a tragedy (1850); and (Carolina Sports by
Land and Water) (1856)
Ellis, Edward Sylvester. An American
writer of school text-books and juvenile litera-
ture; born in Ohio in 1840. For some years he
was an instructor at Trenton, N. J. Besides
(The People's Standard History of the United
## p. 168 (#184) ############################################
168
ELLIS - ELVENICH
3
11
1
States) and several school histories, his works
include : (The Boy Pioneer Series) (1883-84);
(The Camp Fires of General Lee (1887); (The
Hunters of the Ozark) (1887); (The Great
River Series) (1888); "Storm Mountain.
Ellis, George. An English versifier; born
in Jamaica (? ), 1753; died April 10, 1815. He
contributed to the Anti-Jacobin and other peri-
odicals; producing also "Poetical Tales by Sir
Gregory Gander' (1778), and other verse.
Ellis, George Edward. An American clergy-
man, biographer, and historical writer; born in
Boston, Mass. , Aug. 8, 1814; died there, Dec. 20,
1894. He was pastor of the Harvard (Unitarian)
Church, Charlestown, Mass. , 1840-69; and held
the professorship of systematic theology in the
Cambridge Divinity School, 1857-63. As presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society he
has made valuable contributions to early colonial
history. Among his publications may be no-
ticed : (A Half-Century of the Unitarian Contro-
versy) (1857); History of the Battle of Bunker's
Hill (1875); (The Red Man and the White
Man (1882); (The Puritan Age and Rule in
the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1629-85);
various memoirs, and several biographies in
Sparks's (American Biography. '
Ellis, Robert. An English classicist; born
1820 (? ); died at Exeter, Dec. 20, 1885. He made
a profound study of Latin and Greek subjects
and philology, his Hannibal's Passage of the
Alps) (1853) being generally known.
Ellis, Robert or Cynddelw. A Welsh clergy-
man and poet; born in Ty'n-y-meini, Llanr-
haiadr yn Mochnant; died at Gartheryr, Aug.
20, 1875. His works include a highly prized
(Awdl (or Ode) on the Resurrection (1849),
and “Poems) (1877) of pleasing inspiration.
Ellis, Sarah Stickney, Mrs. An English
miscellaneous writer, wife of Rev. William ;
born in 1812; died in 1872. For many years
she was principal of a girls' school in Hertford-
shire. Of her numerous works of a moral and
instructive character, the best known are: (The
Poetry of Life) (1838); (Summer and Winter
in the Pyrenees) (1841); (The Wives of Eng.
land) (1843); (The Island Queen) (1846), a
poem ; (Fireside Tales) (1848); and the stories
(The Brewer's Family) (1863); (William and
Mary) (1865); Northern Roses, descriptive of
Yorkshire life.
Ellis, William. An English economic essay-
ist, critic, and text-book writer; born in Lon-
don (? ) of Franco-Italian parentage, January
1800; died there (? ), Feb. 18, 1881. An ardent
disciple of John Stuart Mill, he wrote: (Out-
lines of Social Economy) (1846); “Thoughts
on the Future of the Human Race) (1866);
and many other works of consequence.
Ellwanger, George Herman. An American
writer; born in New York State in 1848. He
is a resident of Rochester, N. Y. Among his
works are: (T Garden's ry); (The ory
of my House); (In Gold and Silver); (Idyl.
lists of the Country-Side, prose; and "Love's
Demesne, a Garland of Contemporary Love
Poems.
Ellwood, Thomas. An English Quaker con-
troversialist; born in Crowell, Oxfordshire,
October 1639; died at Amersham, Bucks, March
1, 1713 (or 1714). His many works include a
“Sacred History) (1705; part ii. , 1709), and he
is noted for his friendship with Milton.
Elmes, James. An English writer on archi-
tecture and general art topics; born in London,
Oct. 15, 1782; died at Greenwich, April 2, 1862.
He wrote: (Sir Christopher Wren' (1823);
(The Arts and Artists) (1825); and similar
works.
Elmham, Thomas. A British historian and
monk, born in North Elmham, Norfolk (? ),
probably about 1390; died about 1440. Little
is known of him beyond the fact that he left
a "Life of Henry V. , in prose and verse, and
a History of St. Augustine's Canterbury Mon-
astery,' which is, in spite of its name, a sort of
general chronicle of the kingdom.
Elmsley, Peter. An English classical scholar;
born in 1773; died at Oxford, March 8, 1825.
Editions of Euripides and other Greek authors
reveal his learning.
Elphinston, James. A Scotch versifier, es-
sayist, and etymologist; born in Edinburgh (? ),
Dec. 6, 1721 ; died at Hammersmith, England,
Oct. 8, 1809. He produced metrical versions of
Martial, Fénelon, and other great writers, an
(English Grammar) (1765), and many other
works. He was a zealous spelling-reformer.
Elsholtz, Franz von (els'hõlts). A German
dramatist (1791-1872); born at Berlin. He won
some fame with his first theatrical piece, Come
Hither, a travesty; and in 1827 was appointed
organizer and director of the Court Theatre at
Gotha. (The Court Lady) was much admired
by Goethe. His plays are published in three
volumes, but not now acted.
Elson, Louis Charles. An American musical
critic, lecturer, and author; born in Boston,
Mass. , April 17, 1848. He studied music at the
Leipsic Conservatory. In 1877 he became assist-
ant editor of the Vox Humana, and in 1879 sole
editor. He is at present musical critic of the
Boston Advertiser, and lecturer at the New
England Conservatory of Music. His works
include : History of Music); History of Ger-
man Song); Curiosities of Music.
Elton, Sir Charles Abraham. An English
minor poet; born at Bristol, Oct. 31, 1778; died
at Bath, June 1, 1853. He was a gallant soldier
and no inelegant verse-maker, his Poems
(1804) and versions of classics being his best-
known work,
Elvenich, Peter Joseph (el văn-ich), A Ger-
man Catholic philosopher; born in Embken,
Jan. 29, 1796; died in Breslau, June 16, 1886.
He is easily first among the champions of
the movement known as Hermesianism, after
George Hermes, its founder; and has written :
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ELWYN - EMINE
169
1
(Pius IX. , the Hermesians, and Archbishop
von Geissel) (1848); (The Infallible Pope)
(1875); and other polemics.
Elwyn, Alfred Langdon. An American poet
and prose-writer; born in Portsmouth, N. H. ,
July 9, 1804; died in Philadelphia, March 15,
1884. He originated the Pennsylvania Agri-
cultural Society and Farm School, and was
greatly interested in institutions for the blind
and feeble-minded. He published : Bonaparte,
a poem (1848); (Glossary of Supposed Ameri-
canisms) (1800); Melancholy and its Musings)
(1881).
Ely, Richard Theodore. An American po-
litical economist; born in Ripley, N. Y. , April
13, 1854. He graduated at Columbia, and
afterward studied at Heidelberg. Since 1892
he has been professor of political economy
at Wisconsin University. He has published :
(French and German Socialism in Modern
Times); The Past and Present of Political
Economy); “Taxation in American States and
Cities); Problems of To-Day); Political
Economy); (Social Aspects of Christianity);
"Outlines of Economics); and others.
Elyot, Sir Thomas. An English diplomatist
and moral essayist; born 1490; died March 20,
1546. He wrote: (The Governour) (1531), a
system of training young gentlemen for gov-
ernment places; (Of the Knowledge which
Maketh a Wise Man) (1533); (The Castel
of Helth) (1534), in which he poached on the
profession's preserves, and was roundly abused
by them: but the book sold.
Elze, Karl (elts'ė). A German historian of
literature (1821-89); born at Dessau. His spe-
cialty was English literature; he was professor
of English philology in the University of Halle
(1875-89. One of his first works was compil-
ing a Treasury of English Song. He pro-
duced critical editions of Shakespeare and
other English dramatists, and wrote biogra-
phies of Byron and other English authors.
Specially noteworthy is his (Outline of English
Philology. "Westward (1860) contains trans-
lations of English and American poems.
Emants, Marcellus (em'änts). A Dutch
poet and descriptive writer; born at Voorburg
near The Hague, Aug. 12, 1848. His travels
gave play to his keen observation and his
poetical imagination: Among his best are : (A
Journey through Sweden' (1877); Monaco)
(1878); (Along the Nile) (1884); (From Spain)
(1886). He holds a permanent place in the
literature of the Low Countries through his
charming narrative poems "Lilith) (1879); 'The
Shimmer of the Gods) (1883).
Embury, Emma Catherine. An American
poet; born in New York city in 1806; died in
Brooklyn, N. Y. , Feb. 10, 1863. Much of her
work for periodicals was over the pen-name
"Ianthe. ” Among her published works are :
"Guido and Other Poems) (1828); Female Edu-
cation); (The Blind Girl, and Tales); 'Love's
Token Flowers) (1846); and Poems) (1869).
Emerson, Mrs. Ellen (Russell). An Amer-
ican author; born in Massachusetts in 1837.
Her works are : (Indian Myths) (1884); Masks,
Heads, and Faces, with Considerations Re-
specting the Rise and Development of Art. '
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. An eminent Amer-
ican philosopher, poet, essayist, and lecturer;
born in Boston, May 25, 1803; died at Con-
cord, Mass. , April 27, 1882. At first a Unita-
rian minister in Boston, he resigned his pulpit
in 1832, retiring to Concord, where his home
became a centre of intellectual influence. The
works of Emerson comprise the following: (An
Historical Discourse delivered before the Citi-
zens of Concord” (1835); Nature (1836); Car-
lyle's "Sartor Resartus, (edited : 1836); an ora-
tion, (The American Scholar) (1837); (Carlyle's
Essays, (edited : 1838); Method of Nature,
an oration (1841); Essays) (1841); Carlyle's
(Past and Present) (edited : 1843); Man the
Reformer) (1844), a lecture; ( The Young Ameri-
ican) (1844), a lecture; ' Essays) (second series,
1844); (An Address) (1844); Poems) (1847);
(Nature: Addresses and Lectures ) ( 1849 );
(Representative Men,' seven lectures (1850);
(English Traits) (1856); Miscellanies) (1856);
(The Conduct of Life) (1860); May Day and
Other Pieces) (1867); "Society and Solitude)
(1870); (Tribute to Walter Scott) (1871); "Let-
ters and Social Aims) (1876); “Selected Poems)
(1876); (The Fortune of the Republic) (1878),
a lecture; (Complete Works) (1883–84); (Nat-
ural History of Intellect, and Other Papers)
(1893). He also contributed much to the Dial,
and edited the Massachusetts Quarterly Re-
view (1847-50). *
Emerton, Ephraim. An American historical
writer; born in Salem, Mass. , Feb. 18, 1851.
Graduating from Harvard in 1871, he studied
two years at Berlin and Leipsic, the latter
giving him his Ph. D. in 1876. The same year
he was appointed instructor at Harvard, and
in 1882 professor of ecclesiastical history. His
works include : (An Introduction to the Study
of Mediæval History); (Synopsis of the His.
tory of Continental Europe); (The Practical
Method in Higher Historical Instruction);
(Mediæval Europe, 814-1300. '
Emerton, James Henry. An American nat-
uralist; born in Salem, Mass. , 1847. He has
distinguished himself by his illustrations for
many scientific works, and is the author of
(Notes and Additions) to a second edition of
Hentz's (Spiders of the United States) (1875);
(Structures and Habits of Spiders) (1877); and
"Life on the Sea-Shore) (1880).
Emine, Nikita Ossipovich. An Armenian
historian and distinguished scholar; born near
Ispahan, Persia, about 1815; died in Moscow,
Jan. 7, 1891. He was educated at the Lazareff
Institute for Oriental Tongues and at the Uni-
versity, Moscow Russian learning is indebted
to him for his translation into Russian of all
the Armenian historians. His monumental work,
a History of Armenia,' is known to the world
through a French translation.
LE
:
(
## p. 170 (#186) ############################################
170
EMINESCI - ENGLISH
Eminescu, Michael (ă-min-es’kö). The great
lyric poet of Roumania (1849-89); born at
Bucharest. He was for a time editor of The
Times, a strong Conservative journal, and the
fierceness of political strife would seem to have
spoilt his fine poetical genius. He died in a
madhouse. His fame is built on his first vol-
ume of Poems' notable alike for the depth
and elevation of the thought and the melodi.
ousness of the verse; they are mostly elegio.
satiric, and touch questions political, social,
religious, and moral. Some of his poems have
been rendered into German by Carmen Sylva.
Emparan, Diego de (em-pär'än). A distin-
guished Mexican controversial writer; born in
Puebla, April 5, 1718; died in Ravenna, Italy,
about 1807. His book (The Jesuits and the
Pope (1746), published soon after entering the
priesthood, gained him five years' imprison-
ment. The year after his release he issued a
bitter criticism of the Church dignitaries, for
which he was deposed from the priesthood
and imprisoned in the castle of Sant Angelo,
but released later. His work was burned by
the executioner; the single copy saved from
the flames is now in the National Academy of
Mexico. His works include : (The Tombs of
Mohammed and Christ); Voltaire and his
School”; “Science and Superstition); and (Re-
ligion and Hygiene.
Empedocles (em-ped'o-klēz). A celebrated
Sicilian Greek philosopher; born at Agrigen-
tum about B. C. 500; died probably in the
Peloponnesus about B. C. 440. He was phy-
sician, philosopher, and seer, and a poet too,
for his treatises or speculations were written in
verse. We have some considerable fragments
of his work on Nature (or Natural Things)
or Natural Philosophy'). Of another of his
works, on 'Lustrations or (Purifications, there
remain but a few short fragments. *
Empis, Adolphe (em-pe'). A French dram-
atist (1795-1868); born at Paris. His comedies
combine true humor, elegance and keen obser-
vation, with a wholesome moral tone. Among
his works are: (Lambert Symnel; or, The Polit-
ical Manikin (1826); (Generous Through
Vanity) (1827); (Mother and Daughter) (1830);
(Stockjobbery; or, The Fashionable Trade)
(1835); "Lord Novart) (1836); and “The Heir-
ess) (1844). His strongest work, “The Wives
of Henry VIII. ,' failed of success, but is a
happy imitation of Shakespeare.
Enault, Louis (en-o'). A French story-teller
and writer of travels; born at Isigny in 1822.
He wrote books of travel and fiction based
on extensive journeys. The travel sketches
comprise : Constantinople and Turkey); (Nor-
way); (The Mediterranean); (London. The
more notable of his stories are: “The Virgin
of the Libanus); (Love in Lapland”; (The
Baptism of Blood); (Tragic Loves.
Encina, Juan del (en-thë'nä). A celebrated
Spanish dramatist; born at Salamanca, about
1409 ; died there about 1534. His first volume
of poems, (The Song-Book,' contained also a
dissertation on (The Art of Castilian Poesy)
or "The Art of Poetic Invention. His lyrics
are full of charm and lively wit. He wrote
fourteen dramas : eight are shepherd-plays or
eclogues, the rest are pieces for Church holy
seasons. He made the Jerusalem pilgrimage,
and described it in the poem (Tribagia; or,
The Sacred Way of Jerusalem. '
Encisco, Diego Ximenez de (en-thēs'ko).
1837. In fiction he has achieved celebrity with
stories of life in Southern Indiana in pioneer
days, while as a historian he makes a specialty
of American subjects. His works include: (The
Hoosier Schoolmaster); (The End of the
World); (The Circuit Rider); Roxy); (The
Graysons); (The Faith Doctor); (The Hoosier
Schoolboy); 'Queer Stories for Boys and Girls );
(Schoolmasters' Stories ); (Mr. Blake's Walk-
ing-Stick); (Duffels); (School History of the
United States); Household History of the
L'nited States); (First Book in American His-
tory); (The Beginners of a Nation, the first
volume of a History of Life in the United
States); etc. *
Eggleston, George Cary. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer, brother of
Edward; born in Vevay, Ind. , Nov. 26, 1839.
He has long been connected in an editorial
capacity with one or another New York news-
paper, including the World, the Evening Post,
and the Commercial Advertiser. A few of his
many books are: A Man of Honor); (A
Rebel's Recollections); (The Wreck of the
Red Bird”; Red Eagle); (Juggernaut' (with
Dolores Marbourg); and for young people :
(How to Educate Yoursell); How to Make
a Living
Egill Skallagrimsson (ā'gēl skällä-grēm'-
son). A celebrated Icelandic skald of the 10th
century, who did heroic and daring deeds as
well as sung of them; he was a brave fighter
and a reckless sea-rover. The story of his
life, in (Egillsaga) or Eigla, tells how he
was a poet at three and killed his man at
seven; and how he roamed in quest of ad.
venture over northern Europe, in the wildest
vicissitudes of fortune, and finally died blind
at a good old age. It is reputed to belong to
the 13th century, but contains several indis.
putably genuine compositions of Egill; includ-
ing the song of 'The Life (or Head) Redeemed,
which placated King Ethelstan when resolved
to put the rover to death; the lament for (His
Son's Death); the song in Praise of Arin-
björn.
Egilsson, Sveinbjörn (ā'gel-son). An Ice-
landic scholar and critic; born in Gullbringa-
sysla, Feb. 24, 1791 ; died at Reikiavik, Aug.
17, 1852. He investigated ably the native an-
tiquities, edited a series of Icelandic historical
works, and completed a Poetic Lexicon of
the Ancient Tongue of the North) (1855-60),
published posthumously.
Eginhard or Einhard (āg'in-härt, in’härt).
A German historian; born in Maingau, about
770; died in Seligenstadt, March 14, 840. He
was educated by Alcuin, and afterwards became
Charlemagne's private secretary and superin-
tendent of public buildings. He married
Imma,-- a noble lady, legendarily confounded
with Emma, Charlemagne's daughter. His
chief work, a Life of Charlemagne,' is one of
the most important of mediæval histories. He
also wrote: (Annals of the Franks, 741-829;
(Epistles); and (An Account of the Transfer
of the Relics of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter. '
Eguilaz, Luis (ā-gel-äth'). A Spanish dram-
atist (1830-78); born at Xeres de la Frontera;
settled at Madrid. His plays Bitter Truths)
and “The Life of Soldier John gave him fame,
and he poured forth others in a great stream,
strong in character-drawing and very success-
ful. Among them are: (The Quarrels of
the Philosopher King'; Matrimony's Cross);
(Leaden Soldiers. )
Ehlert, Louis (āl'ert). A German composer
and writer on music; born in Königsberg, Jan.
13, 1825; died in Wiesbaden, Jan. 4, 1884.
(Letters on Music to a (Female) Friend' (1859),
(Roman Days) (1867), and (From the World
of Harmony) (2d ed. 1882), are his literary
successes.
Ehrlich, Alfred Heinrich (ārʻlich). An
Austrian musician, novelist, and writer on
music; born in Vienna, Oct. 5, 1822. His best
literary work is contained in (Art and Handi-
work) (1862), a novel; (The Development of
Musical Æsthetics from Kant's Time to our
Own (1881); and “The Art of Living and
the Art Life) (1884).
Eichendorff, Baron Joseph von (i'chen-dôrf).
A distinguished German poet; born at the cas-
tle of Lubowitz in Silesia, March 10, 1788;
died at Neisse, Nov. 26, 1857. He was the
most gifted and original romantic lyrist of Ger-
many, and the last great one. He was a high
Prussian official till 1845, when he retired. His
principal works are : (Presage and Presence);
## p. 166 (#182) ############################################
166
EICHHORN - ELIOT
)
(War to the Philistines,' a dramatic story ;
(The Life of a Good-for-Nothing,' idealizing
vagabondage; the tragedies (Ezzelin von Ro.
mano,' (The Last Hero of Marienburg, and
other plays. When God his Favor would Be-
stow,' 'In Some Cool Retreat, and others
might be called popular ballads. He is sweet,
visionary, dreamily nature-loving, but not of
great force. *
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried (ich'horn). A
German historian and Oriental scholar; born in
Dörrenzimmern, Oct. 16, 1752; died in Göt-
tingen, June 25, 1827. (A Critical and Historical
Introduction to the Old Testament) (1780–83);
(General History of Literature and Culture in
Modern Europe) (1796-99); and History of
Literature (1799); besides other studies, hap-
pily embody great research and sympatheti-
cally vitalized learning.
Eichrodt, Ludwig (ich'rot). A German hu-
morous poet (1827-92); born near Karlsruhe.
His pieces in the comic papers - which be-
gan in 1848 with (The Itch for Travel, in
Fliegende Blätter - were collected as: (Poems
in All Humors); (Lyric Caricatures); (The
Tailor's Pocketbook); Life and Love) (po-
ems). Among his dramatic poems are (The
Counts Palatine, or a Night in the Lanes of
Heidelberg,' and (Alboin. ) His Collected
Poems) (2 vols. , 1890) comprise his best pieces.
His verse, though witty, is never without seri-
ous purpose.
Eichtal, Gustave d' (ich'tal or esh-täl').
A French historical and ethnological writer;
born in Nancy, March 22, 1804; died in Paris,
April 9, 1886. He began studying social prob-
lems, but subsequently applied himself to such
topics as (The Black Race and the White
Race) (partly by J. Urbain : 1839), "Critical
and Comparative Investigation of the First
Three Gospels) (1863), and Christianity and
the Three Great Mediterranean Peoples) (1864),
with the most valuable results.
Elbe, A. von der (āl’bė), pseudonym of
Auguste von der Decken. A German novelist,
daughter and wife of important public men.
Her novels were very successful: An Old
Debt) (1890), “True Love) (1891), and (The
World of Sham (1892), increase in popularity.
Elder, Susan Blanchard. An American
poetic and dramatic writer; born in Fort Jessup,
La. , about 1835. Educated in St. Michael's
Convent of the Sacred Heart, New Orleans.
She began to write for the press, under the
Hermine,” when quite young. She has
published: (The Loss of the Papacy); James
the Second); (Savonarola. Her contribu-
tions to Roman Catholic publications are nu-
merous, and her devotional poems are very
popular. Her dramas are meant for repre-
sentation in Roman Catholic colleges.
Elder, William. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Somerset, Pa. , July 23, 1800;
died in Washington, D. C. , April 5, 1885.
Prior to the Civil War he was well known as
an abolitionist, a forceful writer, and an elo.
quent speaker. His publications include: Peri-
scopics) (1854); The Enchanted Beauty)
(1855); Life of Dr. E. K. Kane) (1857);
"Questions of the Day) (1871); and (Conver-
sations on Political Economy) (1882).
Elderton, William. An English ballad-
writer; died 1592 (? ). He wrote much, 'A New
Yorkshyre Song) being among his productions,
all vastly popular in the sixteenth century.
Eliot, Charles William. President of Har.
vard University; born in Massachusetts, 1834.
He has published Manual of Qualitative
Chemical Analysis'; Manual of Inorganic
Chemistry) (with Storer); etc. He is a con
stant writer on education and other prominent
questions of the day.
Eliot, George, pseudonym of Mary Ann
Evans. A great English novelist; born at
Arbury Farm, Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire,
Nov. 22, 1819; died in London, Dec. 22, 1880.
Her publications are : "Strauss's Life of Jesus'
(anon. : 1846); "Ludwig Feuerbach's Essence
of Christianity, by Marian Evans) (1854);
(Scenes of Clerical Life (1858); Adam Bede)
(1859); (The Mill on the Floss) (1800); (Silas
Marner? (1861); Romola) (1863; previously
in the Cornhill, July 1862 to August 1863; an
al edition de luxe," with Sir Frederick Leigh-
ton's illustrations, appeared in 1880); Felix
Holt' (1880); «The Spanish Gypsy) (1808);
(Agatha,' a poem (1869); (Middlemarch' (1872;
in parts, December 1871 to December 1872);
Jubal and Other Poems); Daniel Deronda
(1870); (Impressions of Theophrastus Such'
(1879). Two short stories, (The Lifted Veil
and Brother Jacob, appeared in Blackwood
in 1860. In addition to these, she wrote a
very large number of papers for the reviews,
such as: (Carlyle's Life of Sterling' (1852);
"Women in France (1854); (Prussia and Prus-
sian Policy) (Stahr, 1855; Dryden, 1855);
(Evangelical Teachings) (1855); (Silly Novels
by Lady Novelists) (1856); (German Wit!
(Heine, 1856); Natural History of German
Life) (1856); (Three Months at Weimar)
( 1855 ); Influence of Rationalism (1865);
(Lecky's History) (1865); Address to Work-
ingmen by Felix Holt) (1866); and Leaves
from a Note Book. ) The Life of George
Eliot' was published by her husband in 1884. *
Eliot, John. The Apostle to the Indians ");
born in Widford, Hertfordshire, England, in
1004; died at Roxbury, Mass. , May 21, 1600.
He was educated at Cambridge University,
England; emigrated to Boston in 1631. In
1640 he began his efforts to convert the In-
dians. His Indian version of the New Testa-
ment was printed at Cambridge, Mass. , 1001.
Two years later the Old Testament appeared.
He published : “The Christian Commonwealth)
(1654) ; (The Communion of Churches) (1005);
and « The Harmony of the Gospels) (1678).
Eliot, Samuel. An American historian ; born
in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 22, 1821. He filled the
(
name
(
## p. 167 (#183) ############################################
ELIZABETH - ELLIS
167
chair of political science and constitutional
law in Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. ; was
an overseer of Harvard in 1866–72. Columbia
gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1863, Har-
vard in 1880. Among his publications are:
"Passages from the History of Liberty) (1847);
(The Liberty of Rome) (2 vols. , 1849); (Man-
ual of United States History between the
Years 1792 and 1850) (1856; revised ed. 1873) ;
and (Stories from the Arabian Nights) (1879).
Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania. See Sylva.
Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, Earl of. An
English statesman, man of letters, and poet;
born in London, Jan. I, 1800, died there, Feb.
18, 1857. His (The Pilgrimage and Other
Poems) (1856) constitutes his most valid title
to fame, although he wrote much and well
on biographical, historical, and literary subjects.
Ellet, Elizabeth Fries. An American prose-
writer; born in Sodus Point, N. Y. , in 1818;
died June 3, 1877. Among her books are a
translation of Silvio Pellico's (Euphemia of
Messina) (1834); Poems, Original and Se-
lected) (1835); (Characters of Schiller) (1842);
Pioneer women of the West) (1852); "Queens
of American Society) (1867); (Court Circles
of the Republic, with Mrs. R. E. Mack (1869);
'The Practical Housekeeper); Evenings at
Woodlawn); "Women Artists in All Ages.
Ellinwood, Frank Fields. An American
clergyman and author; born in Oneida County,
N. Y. , about 1826. He graduated at Ham-
ilton College in 1849; was ordained a minister
in the Presbyterian Church in 1853; and became
secretary of foreign missions for that denomi-
nation in 1871. His chief works are: (The
Great Conquest) (1876); (Oriental Religions
and Christianity) (1892).
Elliot, Sir Gilbert. A Scotch statesman,
philosopher, and poet; born in Teviotdale,
Minto Parish (? ), September 1722; died at
Marseilles, Jan. II, 1777. His song of Amynta,
beginning My sheep I neglected, I broke my
sheep hook,” is famous; and he wrote occas-
ional philosophical papers.
Elliot, Henry Rutherford. An American
journalist and story-writer; born 1849. He has
written : (The Basset Claim, a Story of Life
in Washington); (The Common Chord, a Story
of the Ninth Ward'; and other fictions
Elliot, Jane. A Scotch poet, sister of Sir
Gilbert; born in Teviotdale, 1727; died there,
March 29, 1805. She wrote (The Flowers of
the Forest) (1756), a song of Flodden field.
Elliott, Charles Wyllys. An American nov-
elist and historian; born in Guilford, Conn. ,
May 27, 1817; died Aug. 23, 1883. Settling in
New York, he was one of the founders and
trustees of the Children's Aid Society in 1853,
and in 1857 was one of the commissioners for
laying out Central Park. He published among
other works: (Cottages and Cottage Life)
(1848); (Mysteries, or Glimpses of the Super-
natural) (1852); (The Book of American In-
teriors); Pottery and Porcelain); “Remarkable
Characters and Places in the Holy Land”;
(St. Domingo, its Revolution and its Hero);
(Wind and Whirlwind,' a novel; and others.
Elliott, Charlotte. An English hymn-writer;
born March 17, 1789; died at Brighton, Sept.
22, 1871. Her sacred songs were exceedingly
popular; Just as I Am (1834) being univer-
sally adopted.
Elliott, Ebenezer. An English popular poet;
born in Masborough, near Sheffield, March 17,
1781 ; died at Great Houghton, near Barnsley,
Dec. I, 1849. At first a foundry hand, his poetic
gift was used in denouncing the exploitation
of the proletariat by a capitalistic oligarchy;
yet the bitterness and exaggerated rhetoric one
would expect are wholly absent from Corn
Law Rhymes) (1831) and More Prose and
Verse) (1850).
Elliott, Sir Henry Miers. An English his-
torian; born in. Westminster, 1808; died at
Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, Dec. 20,
1853. Long an Indian civil servant, he com-
piled Memoirs of the History, Folk Lore,
and Distribution of the Races of the North-
western Provinces of India) (1869), and (The
History of India as Told by its Own Histo-
rians : The Muhammedan Period (1867-77),
which appeared posthumously.
Elliott, Henry Wood. An American prose-
writer; born in Cleveland, O. , Nov. 13, 1841.
He edited the Cleveland Daily Herald in 1879;
was sent by the government to Alaska as spe-
cial agent of the Treasury Department. Upon
his return he published Monograph of the
Seal Islands) (1881), and "Our Arctic Province,
Alaska, and the Seal Islands) (1886).
Elliott, Maud (Howe). An American nov-
elist, daughter of Julia Ward Howe; born in
Boston, Mass. , Nov. 9, 1855. Her writings in-
clude : (A Newport Aquarelle) (1883); (The
San Rosario Ranch) (1884), Atalanta in the
South' (1886); Mammon (1888); 'Honor';
and Phyllida.
Elliott, Sarah Barnwell. An American
novelist, granddaughter of Stephen Elliott of
South Carolina. Her best-known works are :
(The Felmeres) (1879); (Jerry); (John Paget,
a novel of New York and Newport.
Elliott, William.
A miscellaneous writer;
born in Beaufort, N C. , April 27, 1788, died
there, February 1863. He was educated at
Yale; devoted himself mainly to agriculture
and rural sports. His contributions to the
Southern Review were numerous. His pub-
lished works include an (Address before the St.
Paul's Agricultural Society) (1850); Fiesco,
a tragedy (1850); and (Carolina Sports by
Land and Water) (1856)
Ellis, Edward Sylvester. An American
writer of school text-books and juvenile litera-
ture; born in Ohio in 1840. For some years he
was an instructor at Trenton, N. J. Besides
(The People's Standard History of the United
## p. 168 (#184) ############################################
168
ELLIS - ELVENICH
3
11
1
States) and several school histories, his works
include : (The Boy Pioneer Series) (1883-84);
(The Camp Fires of General Lee (1887); (The
Hunters of the Ozark) (1887); (The Great
River Series) (1888); "Storm Mountain.
Ellis, George. An English versifier; born
in Jamaica (? ), 1753; died April 10, 1815. He
contributed to the Anti-Jacobin and other peri-
odicals; producing also "Poetical Tales by Sir
Gregory Gander' (1778), and other verse.
Ellis, George Edward. An American clergy-
man, biographer, and historical writer; born in
Boston, Mass. , Aug. 8, 1814; died there, Dec. 20,
1894. He was pastor of the Harvard (Unitarian)
Church, Charlestown, Mass. , 1840-69; and held
the professorship of systematic theology in the
Cambridge Divinity School, 1857-63. As presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society he
has made valuable contributions to early colonial
history. Among his publications may be no-
ticed : (A Half-Century of the Unitarian Contro-
versy) (1857); History of the Battle of Bunker's
Hill (1875); (The Red Man and the White
Man (1882); (The Puritan Age and Rule in
the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1629-85);
various memoirs, and several biographies in
Sparks's (American Biography. '
Ellis, Robert. An English classicist; born
1820 (? ); died at Exeter, Dec. 20, 1885. He made
a profound study of Latin and Greek subjects
and philology, his Hannibal's Passage of the
Alps) (1853) being generally known.
Ellis, Robert or Cynddelw. A Welsh clergy-
man and poet; born in Ty'n-y-meini, Llanr-
haiadr yn Mochnant; died at Gartheryr, Aug.
20, 1875. His works include a highly prized
(Awdl (or Ode) on the Resurrection (1849),
and “Poems) (1877) of pleasing inspiration.
Ellis, Sarah Stickney, Mrs. An English
miscellaneous writer, wife of Rev. William ;
born in 1812; died in 1872. For many years
she was principal of a girls' school in Hertford-
shire. Of her numerous works of a moral and
instructive character, the best known are: (The
Poetry of Life) (1838); (Summer and Winter
in the Pyrenees) (1841); (The Wives of Eng.
land) (1843); (The Island Queen) (1846), a
poem ; (Fireside Tales) (1848); and the stories
(The Brewer's Family) (1863); (William and
Mary) (1865); Northern Roses, descriptive of
Yorkshire life.
Ellis, William. An English economic essay-
ist, critic, and text-book writer; born in Lon-
don (? ) of Franco-Italian parentage, January
1800; died there (? ), Feb. 18, 1881. An ardent
disciple of John Stuart Mill, he wrote: (Out-
lines of Social Economy) (1846); “Thoughts
on the Future of the Human Race) (1866);
and many other works of consequence.
Ellwanger, George Herman. An American
writer; born in New York State in 1848. He
is a resident of Rochester, N. Y. Among his
works are: (T Garden's ry); (The ory
of my House); (In Gold and Silver); (Idyl.
lists of the Country-Side, prose; and "Love's
Demesne, a Garland of Contemporary Love
Poems.
Ellwood, Thomas. An English Quaker con-
troversialist; born in Crowell, Oxfordshire,
October 1639; died at Amersham, Bucks, March
1, 1713 (or 1714). His many works include a
“Sacred History) (1705; part ii. , 1709), and he
is noted for his friendship with Milton.
Elmes, James. An English writer on archi-
tecture and general art topics; born in London,
Oct. 15, 1782; died at Greenwich, April 2, 1862.
He wrote: (Sir Christopher Wren' (1823);
(The Arts and Artists) (1825); and similar
works.
Elmham, Thomas. A British historian and
monk, born in North Elmham, Norfolk (? ),
probably about 1390; died about 1440. Little
is known of him beyond the fact that he left
a "Life of Henry V. , in prose and verse, and
a History of St. Augustine's Canterbury Mon-
astery,' which is, in spite of its name, a sort of
general chronicle of the kingdom.
Elmsley, Peter. An English classical scholar;
born in 1773; died at Oxford, March 8, 1825.
Editions of Euripides and other Greek authors
reveal his learning.
Elphinston, James. A Scotch versifier, es-
sayist, and etymologist; born in Edinburgh (? ),
Dec. 6, 1721 ; died at Hammersmith, England,
Oct. 8, 1809. He produced metrical versions of
Martial, Fénelon, and other great writers, an
(English Grammar) (1765), and many other
works. He was a zealous spelling-reformer.
Elsholtz, Franz von (els'hõlts). A German
dramatist (1791-1872); born at Berlin. He won
some fame with his first theatrical piece, Come
Hither, a travesty; and in 1827 was appointed
organizer and director of the Court Theatre at
Gotha. (The Court Lady) was much admired
by Goethe. His plays are published in three
volumes, but not now acted.
Elson, Louis Charles. An American musical
critic, lecturer, and author; born in Boston,
Mass. , April 17, 1848. He studied music at the
Leipsic Conservatory. In 1877 he became assist-
ant editor of the Vox Humana, and in 1879 sole
editor. He is at present musical critic of the
Boston Advertiser, and lecturer at the New
England Conservatory of Music. His works
include : History of Music); History of Ger-
man Song); Curiosities of Music.
Elton, Sir Charles Abraham. An English
minor poet; born at Bristol, Oct. 31, 1778; died
at Bath, June 1, 1853. He was a gallant soldier
and no inelegant verse-maker, his Poems
(1804) and versions of classics being his best-
known work,
Elvenich, Peter Joseph (el văn-ich), A Ger-
man Catholic philosopher; born in Embken,
Jan. 29, 1796; died in Breslau, June 16, 1886.
He is easily first among the champions of
the movement known as Hermesianism, after
George Hermes, its founder; and has written :
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ELWYN - EMINE
169
1
(Pius IX. , the Hermesians, and Archbishop
von Geissel) (1848); (The Infallible Pope)
(1875); and other polemics.
Elwyn, Alfred Langdon. An American poet
and prose-writer; born in Portsmouth, N. H. ,
July 9, 1804; died in Philadelphia, March 15,
1884. He originated the Pennsylvania Agri-
cultural Society and Farm School, and was
greatly interested in institutions for the blind
and feeble-minded. He published : Bonaparte,
a poem (1848); (Glossary of Supposed Ameri-
canisms) (1800); Melancholy and its Musings)
(1881).
Ely, Richard Theodore. An American po-
litical economist; born in Ripley, N. Y. , April
13, 1854. He graduated at Columbia, and
afterward studied at Heidelberg. Since 1892
he has been professor of political economy
at Wisconsin University. He has published :
(French and German Socialism in Modern
Times); The Past and Present of Political
Economy); “Taxation in American States and
Cities); Problems of To-Day); Political
Economy); (Social Aspects of Christianity);
"Outlines of Economics); and others.
Elyot, Sir Thomas. An English diplomatist
and moral essayist; born 1490; died March 20,
1546. He wrote: (The Governour) (1531), a
system of training young gentlemen for gov-
ernment places; (Of the Knowledge which
Maketh a Wise Man) (1533); (The Castel
of Helth) (1534), in which he poached on the
profession's preserves, and was roundly abused
by them: but the book sold.
Elze, Karl (elts'ė). A German historian of
literature (1821-89); born at Dessau. His spe-
cialty was English literature; he was professor
of English philology in the University of Halle
(1875-89. One of his first works was compil-
ing a Treasury of English Song. He pro-
duced critical editions of Shakespeare and
other English dramatists, and wrote biogra-
phies of Byron and other English authors.
Specially noteworthy is his (Outline of English
Philology. "Westward (1860) contains trans-
lations of English and American poems.
Emants, Marcellus (em'änts). A Dutch
poet and descriptive writer; born at Voorburg
near The Hague, Aug. 12, 1848. His travels
gave play to his keen observation and his
poetical imagination: Among his best are : (A
Journey through Sweden' (1877); Monaco)
(1878); (Along the Nile) (1884); (From Spain)
(1886). He holds a permanent place in the
literature of the Low Countries through his
charming narrative poems "Lilith) (1879); 'The
Shimmer of the Gods) (1883).
Embury, Emma Catherine. An American
poet; born in New York city in 1806; died in
Brooklyn, N. Y. , Feb. 10, 1863. Much of her
work for periodicals was over the pen-name
"Ianthe. ” Among her published works are :
"Guido and Other Poems) (1828); Female Edu-
cation); (The Blind Girl, and Tales); 'Love's
Token Flowers) (1846); and Poems) (1869).
Emerson, Mrs. Ellen (Russell). An Amer-
ican author; born in Massachusetts in 1837.
Her works are : (Indian Myths) (1884); Masks,
Heads, and Faces, with Considerations Re-
specting the Rise and Development of Art. '
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. An eminent Amer-
ican philosopher, poet, essayist, and lecturer;
born in Boston, May 25, 1803; died at Con-
cord, Mass. , April 27, 1882. At first a Unita-
rian minister in Boston, he resigned his pulpit
in 1832, retiring to Concord, where his home
became a centre of intellectual influence. The
works of Emerson comprise the following: (An
Historical Discourse delivered before the Citi-
zens of Concord” (1835); Nature (1836); Car-
lyle's "Sartor Resartus, (edited : 1836); an ora-
tion, (The American Scholar) (1837); (Carlyle's
Essays, (edited : 1838); Method of Nature,
an oration (1841); Essays) (1841); Carlyle's
(Past and Present) (edited : 1843); Man the
Reformer) (1844), a lecture; ( The Young Ameri-
ican) (1844), a lecture; ' Essays) (second series,
1844); (An Address) (1844); Poems) (1847);
(Nature: Addresses and Lectures ) ( 1849 );
(Representative Men,' seven lectures (1850);
(English Traits) (1856); Miscellanies) (1856);
(The Conduct of Life) (1860); May Day and
Other Pieces) (1867); "Society and Solitude)
(1870); (Tribute to Walter Scott) (1871); "Let-
ters and Social Aims) (1876); “Selected Poems)
(1876); (The Fortune of the Republic) (1878),
a lecture; (Complete Works) (1883–84); (Nat-
ural History of Intellect, and Other Papers)
(1893). He also contributed much to the Dial,
and edited the Massachusetts Quarterly Re-
view (1847-50). *
Emerton, Ephraim. An American historical
writer; born in Salem, Mass. , Feb. 18, 1851.
Graduating from Harvard in 1871, he studied
two years at Berlin and Leipsic, the latter
giving him his Ph. D. in 1876. The same year
he was appointed instructor at Harvard, and
in 1882 professor of ecclesiastical history. His
works include : (An Introduction to the Study
of Mediæval History); (Synopsis of the His.
tory of Continental Europe); (The Practical
Method in Higher Historical Instruction);
(Mediæval Europe, 814-1300. '
Emerton, James Henry. An American nat-
uralist; born in Salem, Mass. , 1847. He has
distinguished himself by his illustrations for
many scientific works, and is the author of
(Notes and Additions) to a second edition of
Hentz's (Spiders of the United States) (1875);
(Structures and Habits of Spiders) (1877); and
"Life on the Sea-Shore) (1880).
Emine, Nikita Ossipovich. An Armenian
historian and distinguished scholar; born near
Ispahan, Persia, about 1815; died in Moscow,
Jan. 7, 1891. He was educated at the Lazareff
Institute for Oriental Tongues and at the Uni-
versity, Moscow Russian learning is indebted
to him for his translation into Russian of all
the Armenian historians. His monumental work,
a History of Armenia,' is known to the world
through a French translation.
LE
:
(
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170
EMINESCI - ENGLISH
Eminescu, Michael (ă-min-es’kö). The great
lyric poet of Roumania (1849-89); born at
Bucharest. He was for a time editor of The
Times, a strong Conservative journal, and the
fierceness of political strife would seem to have
spoilt his fine poetical genius. He died in a
madhouse. His fame is built on his first vol-
ume of Poems' notable alike for the depth
and elevation of the thought and the melodi.
ousness of the verse; they are mostly elegio.
satiric, and touch questions political, social,
religious, and moral. Some of his poems have
been rendered into German by Carmen Sylva.
Emparan, Diego de (em-pär'än). A distin-
guished Mexican controversial writer; born in
Puebla, April 5, 1718; died in Ravenna, Italy,
about 1807. His book (The Jesuits and the
Pope (1746), published soon after entering the
priesthood, gained him five years' imprison-
ment. The year after his release he issued a
bitter criticism of the Church dignitaries, for
which he was deposed from the priesthood
and imprisoned in the castle of Sant Angelo,
but released later. His work was burned by
the executioner; the single copy saved from
the flames is now in the National Academy of
Mexico. His works include : (The Tombs of
Mohammed and Christ); Voltaire and his
School”; “Science and Superstition); and (Re-
ligion and Hygiene.
Empedocles (em-ped'o-klēz). A celebrated
Sicilian Greek philosopher; born at Agrigen-
tum about B. C. 500; died probably in the
Peloponnesus about B. C. 440. He was phy-
sician, philosopher, and seer, and a poet too,
for his treatises or speculations were written in
verse. We have some considerable fragments
of his work on Nature (or Natural Things)
or Natural Philosophy'). Of another of his
works, on 'Lustrations or (Purifications, there
remain but a few short fragments. *
Empis, Adolphe (em-pe'). A French dram-
atist (1795-1868); born at Paris. His comedies
combine true humor, elegance and keen obser-
vation, with a wholesome moral tone. Among
his works are: (Lambert Symnel; or, The Polit-
ical Manikin (1826); (Generous Through
Vanity) (1827); (Mother and Daughter) (1830);
(Stockjobbery; or, The Fashionable Trade)
(1835); "Lord Novart) (1836); and “The Heir-
ess) (1844). His strongest work, “The Wives
of Henry VIII. ,' failed of success, but is a
happy imitation of Shakespeare.
Enault, Louis (en-o'). A French story-teller
and writer of travels; born at Isigny in 1822.
He wrote books of travel and fiction based
on extensive journeys. The travel sketches
comprise : Constantinople and Turkey); (Nor-
way); (The Mediterranean); (London. The
more notable of his stories are: “The Virgin
of the Libanus); (Love in Lapland”; (The
Baptism of Blood); (Tragic Loves.
Encina, Juan del (en-thë'nä). A celebrated
Spanish dramatist; born at Salamanca, about
1409 ; died there about 1534. His first volume
of poems, (The Song-Book,' contained also a
dissertation on (The Art of Castilian Poesy)
or "The Art of Poetic Invention. His lyrics
are full of charm and lively wit. He wrote
fourteen dramas : eight are shepherd-plays or
eclogues, the rest are pieces for Church holy
seasons. He made the Jerusalem pilgrimage,
and described it in the poem (Tribagia; or,
The Sacred Way of Jerusalem. '
Encisco, Diego Ximenez de (en-thēs'ko).
