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He hang'd Nineteen on the Corn-hill immediately, not suffering either their Wives or Children to speak to 'em, or to take their leave of 'em.
As they were executing, he, Kirk, caused the Pipes to play, Drums and Trumpets to sound, that the Spectators might not hear the' Cries and Groans of Dying Men, nor the Cries of their Friends. He caused their Bowels to be burnt, and their
Quarters to be boiled in Pitch, and hanged all about the Town. Kirk hanged one on the White Heart Sign-post Three Times, to try he would own he had done amiss but he
affirmed (to this Effect) That was to do again, he would engage in the same Cause so Kirk would have him hang'd in Chains and so he was, till King William came to Deliverance of this Nation from Popery and Slavery.
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When Jenkins, Hewlings, &c. were to die, before they came out of the B /, there was a great Fire made on the Corn- hill, that so they might see the Fire that was to burn their Bowels.
Some that Kirk caused to be hanged, he caused also their Bodies to be stript, and their Breasts to be cleav'd asunder ; in the Place where he caused the Executions to be done, you might have gone up to the Ankles in Blood; he also caused the Hearts of the poor Executed Men to be thrown into the Fire with a great Shout, saying, Here is the Heart of a Traitor.
A Captain of W was hang'd, and the Rope broke, where by he hoped to have saved his Life ; but they took from a Market-Horse a Ring-rope, and hanged him again.
At the Assizes, when the Prisoners were brought before the Bar, Jeffreys said, If any Man pleaded Not-guilty, he should die. One not concerned in Monmouth's Business, when asked,
said, Not Guilty, my Lord; Jeffreys said, Take him, Jaylor, and let him be executed another Time.
An Honest Man was hang'd for sparing for Monmouth's Horse three Penny worth of Hay.
A Constable also was hang'd for executing of Monmouth's Warrant.
And many Hundreds were put in the Castle-Hall, by which it was feared they would infect the Town. Francis Burges was taken upon Maidendown, by the Persuasion of Sir was hang'd by fastning a Rope to a Chamber- Window, and set upon a Hoget, and so hang'd. The Executioner was one 6" of St. Thomas's Parish, Exon.
There was, by good Report, several Scores died in Ilchester by Infectious Diseases, and in their Irons, and Hand-bolts ; for if they were not hard-hearted, and us'd the extreamest Rigour imaginable, the Keepers were not counted good Subjects. One of Welinton that was to be hanged then, was saved, supposed by Order of Sir and one of Crookern hanged in his stead ; this is true, and so it was at other Places : but 'twere endless to record all the Cruelties exercised by Kirk and Jeffreys, after Monmouth's Defeat.
Now that which remains, is to give an Account of Hundreds that had fled and hid themselves up and down in Holes and Rocks, whose Friends made all Application to some great
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Person or other to procure their Pardons ; some to this, some to others, that they thought Favourites with the King ; but the Rewards must be ascertain'd before any Application could be made, (for Pardons were just as they were in Rome) according to the Ability of the Person, from Half a Crown to Sixteen Thousand Guineas ; Any Tooth, good Barber. Divers Lists being sent up, and the Rewards ascertain'd, which amongst many of them put together, did amount to considerable Sums. So that it was now, who could find a Friend to relieve his distressed Relations, which were forced to wander up and down in Caves and Deserts, for fear of being taken. But this Mis fortune attended the Agents, that unless my Lord Chancellor were used, by his Creatures that were allowed by him so to do, other Applications commonly met with Disappointments.
To conclude, The Solemn, Serious, Dying Declarations, and Christian Courage of the Western Sufferers, have always out weighed with me the Evidence of those flagitious Witnesses,
who swore these Persons out of their Lives. And I did, and do most steadfastly believe, that the only Plot in that Day was the same which the Almighty has at length owned, and most signally prospered, in the hand of Our Gracious, August, and Rightful Soveraign, King William ; I mean the rescuing the Protestant Religion, and the Laws and Liberties of England, from a most Impetuous Torrent of Popery and Tyranny : wherewith they were very dangerously threatned. And me- thinks it should even convert a Tory (unless his Brains were pickt out of his Skull, by him who pickt the Guineas out of his Pocket) when he cast his Eye upon that apposite and Empha- tical Expression in the Observator, Vol. 2. Numb. 125. do oettl free toitt thee, TRIMMER, 31 t)atoe more JFaittj, in tpe U0orW of One opino Traitor, iin&er t&e stroke of SuBtice , tfoan of (Cwentg litnns.
The following Relations were written by Mr. Burd, and other West-Country Gentlemen, and were sent to be inserted in our Western Martyrology.
Mr. Burd lives near Fro? ? ie, he gives (in a Letter hereafter inserted) a Remarkable Account of several Passages ; for he
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Proclaimed the Duke of Monmouth at the Head of the Army, which was unwillingly done by the Duke then : He also saw the Maids of Honour present their Flags, and several come to kiss the Duke's Hand, as King after Proclamation, and presented a Purse of Guineas on their Knees. At this Time One Widow made a Pathetic Speech to him, and delivered her Mite.
As the Army went through Pensford, a Parson came out of an Ale-house, and asked them, Gentlemen, how doth the King do? If he comes this Way to Day, I will kiss his Hand, mean ing the Duke of Monmouth.
The Parson was Indicted first on a single Indictment- ; after Jeffreys had drank a Bottle of Claret, (as was his Custome) he repairs to the Bench, where being seated, the Parson was brought before him.
Jeffreys reprimanded the Parson so severely at first, that the Parson was ready to sink for Fear ; but recovering himself, said—Not Guilty ; alledging he never wore Weapon, nor was in the Army, only stood by on Horseback, and view'd the Army.
Jeffreys replied, There is a worse Weapon than a Sword, that is a Parson's Tongue, and declared to the Parson, that whoever stood by the Army, or gave a smile on was Guilty of Rebellion (Tho' a Smile might be in Derision).
The Parson pleaded, that was not known that the Duke would have come to Kinson half a Quarter of an Hour before he came, and that he had Business that Way, which stopp'd him, and that he was forc'd to stay and see the Encampement, but exchanged not one Word with any belonging to the Army.
The Parson also urg'd, that both the Witnesses against him swore in Malice, because he had put one of 'em into the Spiritual Court for Tithes, and the other Witness he had Arrested.
At last Jeffreys demanded any Neighbouring Gentleman could give a Character of the Parson, (tho' he lookt upon all the Gentry thereabouts as Rebels).
The Parson alledg'd Captain Cox, the Fore-man of the Grand Inquest, knew him who was sent for.
When Capt. Cox . appear'd, Jeffreys askt him, If he had observ'd all the Ceremonies, and behav'd himself Loyally
Captain Cox answered, He knew no ill Character of him, &c.
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265 After this, Jeffreys summ'd up the Evidence against the
Parson, but wheel'd at last into this, /fear
I an Example to others.
the Sin Rebellion of
would have him hang'd to be
lurks under that Canonical Coat,
Had Burd said he heard the Parson say he would kiss the King's Hand, if he came by that Way, the Parson had certainly truss'd up.
The Parson's Jury brought him in Not Guilty; upon which Jeffreys made him down on his Knees, and bid him go, and Preach for his Sake upon that Text, Fear God and honour the King, &c.
While this Parson was upon his Trial, the Court was inter rupted with the Maids of Honour, who came hoping for Pardon ; and often the Court was interrupted with Petitions, and Certificates under the Justices Hands, to certifie that the Bearers did according to the King's Proclamation come in in Five Days, and therefore expected their Pardon.
It happened one Alderman Holliday's Son was One that came in within the Five Days, and his Father offered to vindicate his Son, and to be Bail for him ; (for all that came within the Time, he made them give special Bail) Jeffreys said, He knew many
Aldermen were Villains, and he hoped to beat some Furr out of their Gowns.
Then he began to Trie the Two Hundred odd Men : Burd was in the Front, as their Names were called ; he made every Man shew his Face ; for if they were in Years, they had been Rebels ever since Oliver's Time, their Age tried them. But for further Confirmation of some of these Particulars, we refer you to Mr. Burd's Letter, directed to Mr. John Dunton, in these Words.
Beckington, June 24th, 1702.
Sir,
Looking over a Book lately, Intituled, A Panegyric on the Lord Jeffreys, I find a great deal therein contained true to my own Knowledge, and therefore doubt not of all the rest, for I was One my self condemned by him at Wells Assizes, and my getting off next to a Wonder to all that heard thereof : the Particulars whereof, and the Manner how, being too long and
266 %\>t flfllegtern tlTrangartfong,.
tedious, I shall not trouble you therewith ; only being informed you intend to Reprint your Bloody Assizes, I thought it not amiss to acquaint you with two or three of the most Material Passages that happened within the Compass of my own Know ledge and View. When I was committed a Prisoner to the
Bath, where I lay fourteen Weeks, I found there seven and twenty more confined in a little Room, some lying on Boards, others through much Difficulty had obtained the Favour of Straw to lye on. Among those aforementioned there was two poor Men, who lived in or about Taunton and Ilminster, whose Names were William Hussey, a Worsted Comber, I judge about seventy Years of Age ; he alledged he went into the Army to fetch home his Son, being himself past engaging in War ; Thomas Paul, I think of the same Occupation, and upwards of sixty Years old, but a Quaker. This said Hussey and Paul were never under the least Apprehension of suffering during their fourteen Weeks Imprisonment, till the very Day they were condemned, the said Hussey often times affirmed, he was never out with the Duke's Army ; and the said Paul being Unkle to a very Great Man's Chaplain at Court ; the said Chaplain was his chief Dependance, and promised him a Pardon by his Interest. Now it so happened, that the Prisoners commonly
about once a Week had Liberty from their Keeper to go out of the said Prison, hand-bolted two and two, to the said Keeper's House, for an Hour or two, to divert and recreate themselves ; and commonly these two ancient Men, Hussey and Paul, were linkt together, and they would both of them generally take that Liberty, to drink till they were a little merry and brisk ; and when they return'd in that Posture to the said Prison, it would be most Times the usual Custome of William Hussey, (as soon as ever the Keeper had took off their Hand-bolts) to strike the said Thomas Paul on the Shoulder, jocosely saying, Never fear, Tom Paul, if thou and I be hang'd we'll hang Cheek by
Choul ; which Expression I often times heard, though I did little think at that Time either of them would suffer ; but it so happened, that contrary to both their Imaginations they were hang'd Side by Side. The Day after they were condemed, I accidentally met with the said William Hussey, walking out in the middle of the Cloisters at Wells by himself, with his Hat
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over his Eyes, very melancholly, weeping, at which I was a little surprized, and ask'd what was the Matter ? He replied, with Tears in his Eyes, Ha ! Mr. Burd, I look upon my self now, and never till now, a dead Man ; you are a Young Man, and if you can get off of this Business, you may live to see many Years ; and remember that I told thee so, before the Year 88 be
over, you will see all Things turn'd Upside down, and King James, for what he had done, would be turn'd out, and another would come in, and effect what was then begun ; and with a great deal of Earnestness and Zeal doubled over his Words again ; but at that Time Thinking what he so earnestly affirmed was the Effect of his Concern for his own Death, I did scarce ever recollect what he then affirmed, till 88 was over, when I saw all Things exactly happened as he before had told me. Another Passage I took Notice of among others. , was, when I was at the Bar to receive my Doom, One of the Judge Jeffrey's Officers told the Judge there was One of the Maids of Honour (so call'd, because 20 or 30 of that Sex presented Flags to the Duke at
Taunton after he was proclaimed King) come to surrender her self, begging Mercy at his Hands ; whom when he saw, he lookt on her with a very fierce Countenance, raving at her, &c, bid the Goaler take her, which struck such a Fear into the Poor Girl, that she pull'd her Hood over her Face, and fell a weeping; and the Goaler, according to the Command of the fierce Judge, took her away immediately out of the Court ; and, as I was afterwards informed, she died in his Custody not many Hours after for Fear, as our Lord Mayor died for Fear of Jeffreys, when brought before him. When I my self received my Sentence, there was another Young Man hand-bolted to me, whose Name was Jacob Tripp, about 21 Years of Age, and so stout and brisk, that he would almost attempt to fight a Lion : I could tell you all his Case and Circumstances as well as my own, but 'twill be too large to insert here ; only thus much I will hint about him, He was always of the Tory Party, but he fell in with Monmouth's Men ; it so happened, that after Sentence past on both of us, we were at the same Time both taken very dangerously ill, in a very malignant, infectious Feaver, during which Illness a Reprieve came for both of us for so many Days, which Days being expired, Tripp's Enemies,. his Brother Tories,
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(which before were his chief Confederates and Acquaintance) they said he deserved worse Usage than those who always had been such, by their unwearied Diligence had obtained an Order for his Execution, he being at that Time so ill, that he had not been sensible for near a Week before, and his Physicians gave him over for dead, and did affirm it impossible for him to live 24 Hours, yet, to shew their unbounded Rage, they immediately got him lifted out of his Bed, where he lay sensless and a dying, wrapt him up in his Sheets, laid him in a Chair, where two Men carried him to the Market-place in Wells, the Place of Exe cution, where they hung him up, and quartered him (when he was as sensless as a Stock or Stone) before a great many Spec tators, many of which took the Infection of his distemper, together with Abundance of the Soldiers, which caused them to die like ban'd Sheep ; and this Infection spread afterward far and near round the Country, to the Loss of a great many Peoples Lives. I could tell you more remarkable Passages, but doubting I am too large in these already mentioned, let this
suffice, from
Your Humble Servant unknown,
John Burd.
Postscript.
Mr. Dunton,
You may, if you please, correct this, and put it into some
better Stile if you think fit ; but the Matter of Fact is all true to my Knowledge, as I have truly and impartially related the same ; for I had the Honour to be known to the Duke of Monmouth before he came into England on that unhappy Expedition, which made my getting a Pardon so difficult, that had there not some Disgust happened between some great Men concerning me, scarce any Price would have purchas'd it ; for thus it was, That very Night the Rout was, being on a Sunday about 8 of the Clock, there came a Foot-messenger to the Duke into the Field near Bridgwater, and gave him an Account what Posture the King's Forces (then at Weston on the Edge of Sedgmore) lay in ; the Duke gave him a Gratuity, and sent him back again to make a further Discovery, and bring a further Account thereof, but he was unfortunately taken, and returned no more ; upon which the
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Duke riding into the Town, his Horse in a very strange and un usual Manner threw him, which I often times since thought was Ominous : About 1 1 a Clock at night the Army marcht out of Bridgwater toward Weston, which proved a Fatal Night. The Night after, being Monday Night, I was taken about 20 miles distant at a By-Ale-house, with two Young Men, (one a Lon doner) our Horses being carried to Bath, and we to be sent after with a Guard ; but I, having an Opportunity, got off, and left my Comrades behind, who I understood did also follow my Example ; but being taken again the same Day, and delivered into the hands of a Roman Catholick, he took Care, and conveyed me to
the same sort of Spark ; and under a Multitude of Passages that happened, too tedious to relate, I had not been there above two Days and Nights, but I was unexpectedly released, by Means of the Bishop of W r, who had obtain'd my Lord F Consent ; so then I had a Pass given me under the Hand and Seal of the Lord Bishop, by Order and Consent of the said Lord
F
Wells before the Lord F
arrived there from Sedgmore; his Lordship being prepossest against me, would hear nothing at all ; I offer'd to speak, but
, who with the King's Army was
/
Prisoner to the Lower Church in Wells, which was then full of
told me,
should be hang'd, dr'c. and immediately sent me a
's
, to require all Officers, Civil and Military, to suffer me to pass to my Place of Abode ; notwithstanding which (as I was in my Journey) I was again seiz'd, and hurried away to Bath, and there had before another great Man, which was exasperated against me also by the Information of some Enemies, that had told him how great a Rebel I had been, and that I had proclaimed the Duke King in the Presence of four thousand Men, &c, which appearing so very visible by their offering to swear the said Great Man in a Fury told me, he would secure should be hang'd, notwithstanding my Pass and so sent me to the Common Goal in Bath, where remained about 14 Weeks, and then was had to Wells, and there condemn'd. But had forgot to men tion, that as soon as was committed to Bath Prison, sent a Messenger to Wells, to acquaint the Bishop of W r, that notwithstanding his and my Lord F Pass, was again re committed to Bath Prison which he seemed to be much con cerned thereat but in the End was given to Pardon-monger,
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and he made his Market upon me, tho' afterwards I was told (when too late) that the Judge had Instructions from above, that I should not suffer. When I was at the Bar, it was in the front of above 200 more, that all received Sentence together ; unto
whom the Judge made a Speech of above an Hour long, to wheedle them all into a Confession, by quoting Places of Scrip ture, to setforth the Hainousness of their crime of'Rebellion ; and then comes with a long Harangue, telling us how merciful the King was, and how ready he was to shew Mercy to the worst of us; in which he had this lofty Expression (which I remember
I did not then believe) Nay, says he, (and thumps the cushion) / had almost said, the King is more ready to forgive, than you were to rebel.
Amongst the BarbarousandlnhumaneActionsmentionedinthe preceding Sheets, there having been but very little mentioned of the Illegal Whipping-Sentences, pronounced by the merciless Judge, or rather Hang-man, Jeffreys ; the Editors of this Edi tion have procured a Relation of the said Whipping-Sentences, from a Gentleman that was a Prisoner in Dorchester Goal, and saw the Execution of them upon the persons sentenc'd ; which in short are as follows :
The Case, Trial, and Sentence of Mr. John Tutchin,
and several others, in Dorchester, in the Dorset.
We must put Mr. John Tutchin, a Young Gentleman of Hamp shire, in the Front of the Persons sentenc'd to be whipp'd, for perhaps no History can parallel the Sentence given against him.
This Young Gentleman had the Misfortune, with many others of his Acquaintance, to be in the Interest of the Duke of Mon mouth, but had a better Fortune than many of 'em, by conceal ing his Name : For when he was taken a Prisoner by the Country
Guard, he was committed to Prison under the borrow'd Name of Thomas Pitts, and his real Name was not discovered till after he was acquitted of the Rebellion, no person appearing as evidence against him.
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But Jeffreys having discovered his true Name before Mr. Tutchin was gone from the Prison, was resolv'd upon Re
venge, and said he was never so far outwitted, by an Old or Young Rogue in his Life ; and after he had examined Mr. Tutchin to many Particulars, by which Mr. Tutchin knew that Jeffreys had a true Account of him ; for he told him the Time when he was in Holland, the very place where he lodg'd there, the Manner of his coming over, and the Name he went by at that time ; and finding that Mr. Tutchin would not answer to some Questions he ask'd him, concerning some Gentlemen in Hampshire, who were concerned with Mr. Tut chin in raising some men at Lymington, for the Service of the Duke of Monmouth, I say, after this, he was resolved to try Mr-
Tutchin again.
But Mr. Tutchin still pretended Ignorance in these Matters to
his Prison-keeper, who was set upon Mr. Tutchin by Jeffreys, to bring him to a Confession ; but the Goal-keeper, whose Name was Knapton, tho' he seem'd an Enemy to the Duke's Men colour'd many Things that might have taken away the Lives of several, and did what he could to allay the Heat of the implac able Judge.
Having given no ill Character of this Goaler, Mr. Knapton, it may be a pardonable Digression, to tell the Reader something of another, which I had from the Mouth of Mr. Tutchin : When Richardson, the Keeper of Newgate, brought down the Hewlings, and some other Gentlemen, to Dorchester against the Assizes, the said Richardson drinking with another Goaler, said, Come, Brother, here's to our good Health ; this is our Time to make our Fortunes, and now we must lay aside all Humanity, for no Compassion is to be shown to these Dogs.
But to return to Mr. Tutchin, he was brought up again to the Hall ; but Jeffreys not caring to indict him for Rebellion, pre tended that the Crime of changing his Name deserved a severe Sentence ; and thereupon passed Sentence as follows : That he should remain in Prison during the Space of Seven Years ; that once every year he should be whipt thro1 all the Market Towns in Dorsetshire ; that he should pay a Fine ofone hundred Marks to the King, and find Security for his good Behaviour during
This, you will say, was a Whipping-Sentence indeed.
Life.
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'(Erangactt'ong.
It was observable, when this Sentence was past upon Mr Tutchin, that the Ladies in the Court, of which there were a
great many, all burst out a crying ; but Jeffreys turning towards them, said, Ladies, ifyou did but know what a Villain this as well as do, you would say, this Sentence is not half bad enough
for him.
Upon passing the Sentence, the Clerk of the Arraigns stood
up, and said, My Lord, there are a great many Market Towns in this County, the sentence reaches to a Whipping about once a Fortnight, and he's a very young Man. Aye, says Jeffreys, he's a Young Man, but he's an old Rogue; and all the Interest in England shan't reverse the Sentence have past upon him.
But certainly no Devil incarnate could rage, nor no Billings gate Woman could scould worse than this Judge did at this young Gentleman whilst he was at the Bar he call'd him thousand Rogues and Villains, told him that he was a Rebel from A dam, that never any of his Family had the least Loyalty
and, said he, understand you are a Wit and Poet, pray, Sir, let you and cap Verses. Mr. Tutchin smil'd in his Face, and told him, He knew upon what Ground he stood, and when he was overmatch'd.
Lying under this Barbarous sentence, Mr. Tutchin's Friends endeavoured to persuade him to sue for a pardon but he utterly refus'd and drew up Petition with his own Hand, which was presented to the King at Winchester, and was as follows
To the King's
The Humble Petition John Tutchin Lymington in the County Southampton, Gen? now Prisoner in the County Goal Dorset.
Sheweth,
That your Petitioner now lies in this Prison under sentence of the Lord Chief Justice Jeffreys, To remain in the said Prison during the Space of Seven years, that once every Year he shall be whipt through all the Market Towns in Dorsetshire,
Majesty.
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that he shall pay a Fine of one hundred Marks to the King, and find Security for his good Behaviour during Life.
That this Sentence was past upon your Petitioner under pre tence of his having changed his Name, and no Matter of Treason or Rebellion being proved upon him.
That your Petitioner has always demeaned himself according to his Duty required by Law, and that he is ready to venture his Life in Defence of a Lawful King, that shall govern according to Law, in preservation of the Liberties of Englishmen.
That he humbly conceives, the Sentence pass'd upon him by the said Jeffreys is worse than death ; and therefore Humbly prays your Majesty will be Mercifully pleas'd to grant him the Favour of being hangU with those of his Fellow-Prisoners, that
are condemned to die ; and till then
Your Petitioner shall ever pray, dr'c.
John Tutchin.
And underneath his Name were written these Words —Malim, mori quam vapulari.
You may see by this Petition, that Mr. Tutchin was a young Man when he wrote it ; for many Exceptions were made against it : To the King's Majesty, instead of the King's most Excel lent Majesty ; and you may be sure, the Western Hangman did not overlook his calling of him plain Jeffreys in the Body of the Petition.
But the Court esteem'd it a barbarous Sentence ; and it's said, the King esteem'd it no less. But all the Answer could be got, was from the Lord Sunderland, That Mr. Tutchin must wait with Patience.
Mr. Tutchin hereupon endeavour'd to get a Pardon from the People who had Grants of Lives, many of 'em 500, some 1,000, more or less, according as they had Interest in the King ; but Jeffreys would not so much as hear his Name mentioned, and the Sentence was ordertl to be executed.
Four or Five Days before the Execution of the Sentence, a Brother in Law of Mr. Tutchins, a Physician, persuaded him to take a Dose of Physick to make himself sick, by which Means the Execution might be put off, and perhaps in that Time some Means might be found for his Enlargement : He took the Dose,
T
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flfliegtern 'flftangacttong.
and in three or four Days the Small-pox came out very thick upon him, no Man ever had 'em to a higher Degree ; and in that Condition he lay by himself in Prison, no Body to look after him but his Fellow-Prisoners, for there being a Pestilential Dis temper in the Prison, of which some Scores died every Week, the Magistrates of the Town would not suffer any Communication with the Prisoners.
Mr. Tutchin lying in this miserable Condition, and his Life being dispair'd of, his Friends work'd the easier with Jeffreys to get the Sentence revers'd, which some People would have believed a Sign of Repentance in Jeffreys, had he not taken the Money himself. After Mrs. Tutchin had done this last kind Office for her Son, she sickned of the Small-pox, and died, his Brother and two Sisters fell sick of the same Distemper ; so that when Mr. Tutchin had Friends allow'd to come to him, like Job's Com forters, they brought him the Tidings that his Mother was dead, and all the Relations he had in the World were a dying, and that they had contracted for a Pardon for more Money than he was worth, for a Life which he never valued. So he was popt
into a Pardon amongst others ; for 'twas usual at that Time for one Courtier to get a Pardon of the King for half a Score, and then by the Assistance of Jeffreys to augment the Sum to Four score or an Hundred, and so this unfortunate Gentleman fortunately got out of his Broil.
But we must not leave Mr. Tutchin here, tho' what afterwards we shall say of him, does not relate to what was transacted in the West, yet it may not be amiss to show how the Provi dence of God does often change the Face of Things, and alter the Circumstances and Conditions of Men, so that those who boast of their Power, and exercise their Authority with the greatest Severity, many Times become the Scorn and Contempt of those they have triumph'd over: Who could have thought, when Jeffreys past that Sentence on Mr. Tutchin in the West, that ever Mr. Tutchin should see that wicked Judge a Prisoner,
apprehended by the injur'd People, and committed by a Tool of his own Party ? Yet it so hapned.
For Jeffreys endeavouring to make his Escape beyond Sea in a Sailor's Habit, was discovered by one, to whom he had done some Acts of Injustice, and was taken in Anchor-and-Hope-AUey
gpr, 3|oljn Cuttlji'tu
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in WappingJ, and by the Mob carried before the Instrument of Popery, Sir C , then Lord Mayor of the City of London, and by him committed to the Tower.
Mr. Tutchin hearing of this, went to give his Lordship a Visit; who did not know Mr. Tutchin at first, he being much altered with the Small-pox ; but Jeffreys understanding who he was, told him, He was glad to see him : Mr. Tutchin answered, He . was glad to see him in that Place. Jeffreys returned, That Time and Place happened to all Men, and that when a Man was born, he knew not what Death he should die, nor what his Circum stances should be in this Life, and Abundance of such Cant ; but added, That he had served his Master very faithfully, according to his Conscience. Mr. Tutchin ask'd him, Where his Conscience was when he past that Sentence on him in the West ? Jeffreys said, You are a Young Man, and an Enemy to the Government,
and might live to do Abundance of Mischief; and 'twas part of my Instructions, to spare no Man ofCourage, Parts, or Estate; but withal added, That his Instructions were much more severe than the Execution of them, and that at his Return he was snub'd at Court for being too merciful. So after he had treated Mr.
Tutchin with a Glass of Wine, Mr. Tutchin went away.
Soon after this, Jeffreys had a Barrel of Oysters sent him to the Tower, which he caused to be opened, saying, He thankd God he had some Friends left. But when the Oysters were tumbled out on the Table, a Halter came out with them, which
made him change his Countenance, and so pall'd his Stomach, that he could eat none of them. This was confidently reported to be done by Mr. Tutchin; but I having heard him protest that he was not in the least concerned therein, we must believe it to be done by another Hand.
The Second in the List of Persons sentenc'd to be whipt, is one William Wiseman, a. Boy of about 14 or 15 Years of Age, at that time an Apprentice to a Barber at Weymouth. It seems the Duke of Monmouth's Declaration was put up in that Town inthe Night time, and some People who could not read, finding it in the Morning, took it down, and this Boy, being by, read it to them. This was his Crime, for which Jeffreys sentenc'd him to be whipt through all the Market Towns in Dorsetshire.
T2
276 W)t
flfllegtem tErangacttong.
Sentence was accordingly executed first at Dorchester, where in Consideration of the Boy's Age he was whipt more gently than some People thought convenient.
Upon which a Clergy-man of the Church of England, named Blanchard, came to the Goaler, and revil'd him, saying, He would do his Business for him with the Lord Chief Justice, for shamming his Sentence, in not whipping the Boy half enough. The Goaler breaking out in a Passion said, You talk ofthe Cruelties of the Popish Priests, but commend me to a Church of England Priestfor Cruelty : They are like the Country Justices, who won't believe a Man is burnt in the Hand unless they can
see a Hole through it.
Whether this Parson made the Complaint, or no, is uncertain;
but sure it Complaint was made, and the Boy was order'd to be whipt again the Morrow following the Day he was whipt before which, to please this Parson and Jeffreys, was done to that Degree, that the Boy fell into a Feaver, which was likely to have cost him his Life. After Jeffreys had left the Country, he was whipt thro' the Town of Weymouth, and there the Sentence terminated.
The Third in this List was one Edward Jervaise, a Hatter of Milbourn Port. This Man, seems, being in some Company, happen'd to say, that he had a Monmouth in his Heart. Upon which he was apprehended, and sent to Dorchester Goal. This Man was a Criminal in another Respect, which was enough to hang any at that Time of Day for he had three or four Uncles and other Relations in the Duke's Army. was told one of his Uncles, being taken Prisoner by Kirk, was immediately order'd to be hang'd up, but being brave stout Man, some of Kirk's Officers interceded for his Life, which Kirk was willing to grant, provided he would acknowledge his Rebellion which he re fused to do At length they would release him he would say, God bless King James, which he also refus'd and so was hang'd, and the last Words he said, was, God bless the Duke of Mon mouth.
His Nephew Edward, when he came into Court, could not deny, that he had Monmouth in his Heart, and thereupon was Sentenc'd to be whipt through all the Market Towns in Dorset shire, paying Fine to the King.
a
:
is,
;I if ;
a
a
;
it
;
said, Master,
9pr. 3io! jn ^lutttyn.
277
Upon passing of the Sentence, he steps to Mr. Tutchin, (then in Court,Iand who had received Sentence before him) and
understand the Jigwe are to dance wellenough; but what must we pay this Money for ? Mr. Tutchin answered, You never knew People dance without Musick, and this Money
is order 'd to pay the Fidlers. Nay, then, says Jervaise, 'tis well enough; and went away with the least Concern that could be. He was whipt through Dorchester and his own Town, and no
more.
The next was a Woman of Lyme, who kept an Ale-house, and
brew'd her own Drink. Two or three Days after the Duke of Monmouth landed, the Excise-Officers came to her House to collect the Duties, but she refus'd and said, She would pay no more Excise till the Duke of Monmouth was King of England. For which Crime she was sentenc'd to be whipt through all the Market Towns in Dorsetshire, and was whipt through Dorchester and Lyme, and no farther. For when Jeffreys was gone out of the Country, the Justices were not so severe, and conniv'd at the Gaolers stopping Part of the
Sentences.
There was another in Dorchester Prison, that was alike
sentenc'd to be whipt he profess'd himself to be an Astrologer and Physician, but was very unluckily misled by the Stars into the Country at this Time for coming to a Corporation Town to vend his Physick, and tell Fortunes the People not knowing but that he was a Conjuror indeed, desired him to consult the
Stars about the Fate of the Duke of Monmouth then in Arms he erected his Scheme, and found that King James would be ruin'd and undone, and that the Duke of Monmouth would happen to be Ktng in a short Time, which coming to the Magis trates' Ears, they committed him to Prison, where he erected another Scheme concerning his own Fate, when he found by the Stars that he would be whipt at the Cart's Arse for erecting his former Scheme which proving true, he could not say that the Stars always deceiv'd him.
Thus have given you a short Account of the Whipping- sentences in Dorchester, which Sentences, together 'with some others executed before that Time, were made one Article against the late King James upon the Revolution, and are included in
I
;
:
;
it,
: ;
278
Clje (Lfllegtern ^rangacttong.
the Bill of Rights/ so that no King of England for the future can be guilty of such illegal Barbarities without Reflection on the Fate of that unhappy Monarch.
In this Prison at one Time there was in one Room Nineteen young Gentlemen, and not one of 'em 21 Years of age, and all of them hang'd, except Mr. Tutchin.
In this Prison was Major Holmes, who had been a Lieutenant- Colonel in the Duke of Monmouth's Service ; he was taken a prisoner after the Phillipsnorton Fight, and though his Arm was shot to pieces, so that it hung but by a piece of Flesh, the bar barous Soldiers stript him stark naked, and carried him before a Justice of Peace, who being at Dinner, ordeied him to be kept till he had dined. The Servants got the Colonel into the Kitchen, and gave him some Cloaths to cover his Nakedness, and some Refreshments ; in which Time the Colonel laying his scattered Arm on the Dresser, with the Cook-maid's Knife cut
off his Arm with his own Hand.
I mention this Gentleman, because perhaps there was never
more Indignity offered to Grey Hairs and real Worth, than in the Person of this Colonel Holmes. One Day he was sitting in a little Garden in the Prison with the Hewlings and about three more young Gentlemen, when a certain Lord, well known at that Time, came and insulted him, and told him, It was a shame to see an old man among a Parcel of Boys. Mr. Tutchin told his Lordship, That the worst Boy there durstfight him for his
Said the Colonel, My Lord, these are boys, but they are brave Boys; and let me be well mounted in the head of these Boys, we'llfightfor our Lives your Lordship in the Head of the best Troop of Guards. The Indignities offer'd by that Lord was far beneath a Gentleman, and suitable to the Courage he show'd in the late King's Service ; but when he went from this Company to the Common side, he was there as much insulted by one Furrard, a Highway-man, who call'd him a thousand Rogues, Villains, and Cowards.
Indeed the Usage of the Prisoners was barbarous enough, the Goalers were forc'd to show them up to every little Fellow in Authority, so that they were daily insulted, and paid dear enough for every Thing they had ; but what was most barbarous, they
would not allow their Relations to come to them in the Time of
Life.
SL Eetrogpect,
279
their sickness, so that many died for want of Help in a Pesti lential Distemper, the like perhaps was never known. The Small pox at that Time was the worst that was known, very few re- coveiM of it. Mrs. Mary Blake, a young Lady of Taunton, who was committed to this Prison for making the Colours pre sented to the Duke of Monmouth, died of this Distemper, to the great Grief of her Family : as did several others.
But the greatest Persecutors and Insulters of these poor People were the Country Parsons : They did not preach to the Spirits in Prison, but they revil'd e'm. One of 'em, when he heard some condemned Persons in Prayer just before their Ex ecution, said, These Fellows will pray the Devil out of Hell ; and the Prison was seldom free of the Black-Coats.
But, Thanks be to God, we now speak of these Things only, and don't see 'em : and that those who are now living, though they have lost their Estates, yet they see what they contended for, I mean their Liberty and Property establish'd.
Thus have we given you an Account of what happened in the WEST (in the Year 85), being in every Point Truth ; we shall next give a short Touch of the Civilities the poor Sufferers received from the City of Exon, which deserves an everlasting Remembrance : Most sorts of Provisions, as hot Broth, boyled Meat, roast Meat, divers sorts of Pies, were daily sent into the Prison ; the Persons that sent them unknown- to them. Also if any Person was sick, there should be a Nurse to attend him ; also a Physician and Chyrurgeon to attend when Occasion was.
'Tis said, Be that giveth to the Poor, lendeth to the Lord; the Lord return them an Hundredfold.
Thus, Reader, by the Help of God, we are come to an End of our long Journey, from the Year 1678 to 1685. The Way all along has been full of Dirt and Blood, and therefore no Wonder if the Wheels have driven somewhat heavily. 'Twill be worth thy while as well as mine, to look upon the different Stages we have taken, which is one of the greatest Pleasures of a Traveller, who finds Delight in reflecting even on that which formerly gave him Pain and Trouble. He who first broke the Way, was
28o 'flEf)e flfllegtem ^rangacttonss.
Sir Edmund-bury Godfrey, according to his own Prophesie, That he should be the flirjit . flaattgi. Mr. Arnold was like to follow him, but that intended stroke not coming home enough,
they resolved to lay the Foundation firmer, and so struck lower, and began with Stephen Colledge at Oxford, who before his Death, said, That it toou'b not stop t&m, nor his Death satisfie those who thirsted after Blood; as appeared plain enough, when they had got a Plot and Plotters to their Minds, who made it their Business, as Walcot tells Cartwright, to invite Men to their Meetings, to importune 'em to their Meetings, as it
appears, to talk madly and treasonably at those Meetings, and because they were a little too brave to do the same by them, . after all to deliver them up to be hang'd for coming thither, by which Design many of the boldest Patrons of their Country
and Religion were destroyed ; to whose Death an infamy was added greater than that of those who publickly suffer'd. Russel follow'd but too closely after him, who says in his Speech, He wishes the Rage of hot Men and particular Juries might be
stopt with his Blood, which he would offer up with much more Joy, if he thought he should be the Last that were to suffer in such a Way. About the same Time died Walcot, and some others. Col. Sidney came after, one of the first that ever lost
his Head by Innuendo's, and who died, as he was told, because else the Plot must have died. Holloway came next, brought from t'other world to be hang'd in this ; whose ingenuous Con fession did his Business, there being too many bold Truths in't, which some Men could not bear, for him ever to expect a Pardon. But how many Lies besides there might be in his Confession, or others, 'tis impossible to know, unless we knew, not only whose Hands they came through, but how they were
used. And as he from another World, so Arinstrong was brought from another Country, to be paid for all his Service to the Royal Family, in their Exile and afterwards. And tho' he was not hang'd first, and try'd afterwards, yet what's much the same, was hang'd without ever being try'd at all. Next to this we took a View of the Design of that unfortunate Gentleman who
landed in the West, and of those who embark'd in and how far they were justifiable where follows particular Account of some of the most eminent amongst 'em, and a more general one
;
a
it,
SL lEUtrosfpert, 281
of lhe rest ; which though it might have perhaps been more accurate, yet 'twas thought better to keep near those loose
Papers already publish'd on that Matter, of which this Book is a sort of a second Edition; and to give that Account in the same inartificial Dress which 'twas deliver'd in by some honest Country-men, who were personally present at most of the
Actions and Sufferings there mention'd. And among all these, nothing is more remarkable than what we have taken particular Notice of. The strong Persuasion and Belief in which almost
all of e'm dy'd, That God would accomplish the great Work of delivering their. Country and Religion some other Way, though he was not pleas'd to accept of their Endeavours. At the Return from the Western Circuit, that London might have
a little sprinkling of their Mercy, the pious and prudent Mr. Cornish was sacrificed ; all whose Time of Preparation for that which must be call'd his Trial, was from Saturday to Mon day, whose Courage and Constancy at his Death, and that dreadful Storm which spoke the Displeasure of Heaven in such loud Language after 'twas over, were as much the Wonder of
England, as the next and last merited their Pity, poor Bateman, who had intirely lost his Reason by his Imprisonment, and the Accidents thereof. But besides all these, and some others, there were some who had Trials of Cruel Mockings and Scourgings, were expos'd in the Pillory, and worse than whipt
to Death, though sometimes even that not thought sufficient, without actual Assassination.
Upon the intire Review of all this dreadful Scene of Blood and Horror, especially that relating to the Western Affairs, what can be a more natural and useful Reflection, than for us hence to learn, by Wounds of our own, yet green and bleeding, the true undissembled Kindness of prevailing Popery, and Popish Councils, and what all Protestants, of what Character
and Denomination soever, must expect thence, when rampant and powerful? How can we chuse but see, unless we have winkt our selves quite blind, that the Hand of the same Joab has been in all this ? That 'twas the famous D. of K, who was at first as deep in Godfrey's Murther, as in the Fire of London ;
the same who was at Helm all along after, and as good as man aged the Executioners' Axes and Halters for so many Years.
282 tfje afllesftern Cransfactionsf.
Twas he who was so near at Essex's Murther, and who hindered so carefully my L. Itussel from his Pardon ; who was the Staff, the Hope, the Moses, the Gideon of the Popish Plot and Party, and the eager and inveterate Enemy to the very Name of a true Protestant. He who shew'd so much Mercy to the poor West- Country Men, Women, and Children, destroying so many Hundreds in cold Blood, and hardly sparing one Man that could write and read, by his L. Chief Hangman, Jeffreys. Lastly, he who was falling upon his own best Friends, who are now sensible they lov'd him to a Fault, and carried their
Loyalty to such a Heighth for his Service, as is now better for gotten, since no Party can entirely clear themselves even of that Imputation. He who fell upon them, and our Religion and Laws, and whatever was dear to us, with the greatest and most
open Violence ; and because he could not have his Will, and be a French King in England, resolv'd to leave us to the Mercy of his own unkenell'd Irish, and go to France, to be there as Absolute a Slave as he here would have made us. And yet this is the self-same Person whose pretended Son some are still so zealous for, as if they had not yet had enough of Popery.
But whilst these Haters of themselves, as well as their Religion and Country, must be left to Man's Justice and God's Vengeance, let's address the Conclusion of these Papers to all True Honest Men, of good Principles, and firm to the Protestant Religion, and persuade them to pray heartily for our Glorious Queen ANNE, and Fight for her as heartily too, as all these
Martyrs, no doubt, would gladly have done. If some of them should not be entirely satisfied with whatever has happen'd in this great Change, yet to remember at the lowest the Duty of Subjects; to think all the Nation may see more than they ; to pay Allegiance where they find Protection ; to reflect on our almost too happy Condition, compared with that of Germany, Italy, &c, and where-ever the French and Popish Arms and Counsels prevail : to honour the Memory of these Martyrs, who suffered for their vigorous Appearance against them ; and lastly, to thank God sincerely and in good Earnest, that we may now, if Occasion be, defend our Religion and Liberties with our Swords, which they could only do by laying down their
Lives.
AN IMPARTIAL
HISTORY OF THE
LIFE AND DEATH OF
Lord JEFFREYS, LATE
GEORGE
LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND.
-
TO
Lord JEFFREYS, LATE
Lord Chancellour of MY LORD,
KNOW not to whom I could more properly Dedicate a Treatise of this Nature than to your Lordship, who lately was Lord Chief Justice of England, and have set such Presidents to inferior Magistrates. What is
here offered, may serve as a Mirrour, into which future Adminis trators of Publick Justice would do well to look ; for you may remember, my Lord, if your Lordship's present Afflictions have not made you forget as much Law as you ever learned) Common
Law runs much upon Presidents : And if a Man happen to have none of the best Physiognomy, there is no Reason why he should streight grow angry, and fling Stones to break all the Looking- Glasses he meets with, only because they represent the true Figure of the Object.
My Lord, The following Treatise is a true Account of your Lordship's Life and Actions (most of which are ready to be attested) of your unheard-of Cruelties and barbarous Proceed
ings in your whole Western Circuit : In which all may see at what a dear Rate our Western Martyrs purchased their Religion, and how it cost those Glorious Sufferers, who so lately went off the Stage (under your Lordship's Sentence) both Whippings and. cruel Imprisonments, and the most exquisite Tortures
which none could invent nor inflict but your Lordship, (whose
GEORGE
England.
286 (Eptetle SDetii'catorp.
good Nature is sufficiently experienced) nor any endure but those whose Gallant and Noble Souls were born up with Heavenly Cordials and a Power from on high. But, my Lord, rest assured, that their Blood still cries for Vengeance, and will be a lasting Monument of your Lordship's Cruelties, whilst
History can speak or transmit to Posterity the Remarkables of elapsed Ages ; for to Hang, Draw, and Quarter, and Try Men afterwards, (witness Sir Thomas Armstrong 's Death, cW. ) has been your peculiar Talent. But your Lordship will now at last do well to remember that King Alfred caused Forty Four Judges in One Year to be hang'd as Murderers, for their false Judgments.
I hope your Lordship will pardon this present Address, seeing 'tis a Priviledge we modern Authors hold by Prescription, to put any Great Man's Name in the Front of our Book : Princes have not been able to exempt themselves or their Families from the Persecution of Dedications; nor ever was there (I humbly conceive) any Rule made in your Lordship's Court to prohibit them.
Suffer then, I beseech your Lordship, this Address to remain a Monument to Posterity, of the Sentiments this Age has of your Lordship's Conduct and Merits ; and Witness to all the World how much its Author is
Your Lordship's
Humble Servant,
JAMES BENT.
A POEM Dedicated to the
MEMORY OF
GEORGE Lord
CANNOT hold, hot struggling Rage aspires,
And crowds my free-born Breast with noble Fires ; Whilst prudent Fools squeak Treason through the
Nose,
And whine a quivering Vote in sneaking Prose My Muse soars out of Reach, and dares despise What e'er below attempts to Tyrannize.
Though I by some base Nero should be clad
In such a Gown as the old Christians had,
In Clouds of Satyr up to Heaven I'd roul, For he could burn my Shell but not my Soul. Though Nature her auspicious Aid refuse, Revenge and Anger shall inspire my Muse : Nature has given me a complaining Part,
And murder'd Protestants a resenting Heart. Then Room for Bloody Jeffreys, or he'll swear
By all the Afis from St. Cadwalladar ; Prutus hur creat Cranfather, if hur enquire, And Adam's Cranfather was Prutus s Sire. Famous ab Shenkin was hur elder Brother, Some Caledonian Sycorax hur Mother :
JEFFREYS.
288
SL $atm to tlie S^emorp
Or some she De'il more damn'd than all the rest, At their black Feast hur lustful Sire comprest : Thence do I think this Cacodemon rose,
Whose wrathful Eyes his inward Baseness shows ; -His Shape is all inhuman and uncouth,
But yet he's chiefly Devil about the MOUTH; With Care this Brat was nurs'd for fear it shou'd Grow tame, and so degen'rate into good,
With City Charters he was wrapp'd about,
And Acts of Parliament for Swaddling-clout :
As he grew up, he won a Noble Fame,
For which Squire Ketch hath sworn him publick Shame. And won't it be a pretty Sight to see't,
The Hang-man, Rope, and Bloody Jeffreys meet ? Jeffreys, who cherisht Spite, as all can tell ;
Jeffreys, who was the darling Brat of Hell.
Oft with Success, this mighty Blast did bawl, Where loudest Lungs, and biggest Words win all ; And still his clenched Arguments did end
With that home-thrust, He is not Cassar's Friend. Sometimes, that jaded Ears he might release,
Good Man ! he has been fee'd to hold his Peace. Hear him, but never see him, and you'd swear
He was the Crier, not the Counseller ;
He roars, as if he only chanc'd to find
Justice was now grown deaf, as well as blind,
This Demy-Fiend, this Hurricane of Man,
Was sent to butcher all i' th' West he can.
'Twas him the Popish Party wisely chose
To splutter Law, and the dinn'd Rabble pose ; They have a thousand Tongues, yet he can roar Far louder, tho' they had a thousand more,
Unto long-winded Cook he scorns to go,
But pleads, His Majesty will have it so.
He's for all Mischief set, by Nature bred ;
He rails at all before him, and is fed
Hyama-Vike, by tearing up the Dea"d.
Th' unluckiest Satyrist alive, that still
Writes his own Character in all that's ill.
of (Beorse %ovtt leffrepsf.
Of all the World most fit a Vice t'expose,
That all its Cause, Effects, and Motions knows, Stranger to none can no Advantage lose.
Big with Conceit the empty Shape looks great. His own dear self obligingly doth treat : Rewards his Soul in any Garb will lap,
His ductile Soul will put on any Shape :
Vice hath his Patronage, and there's no Fear, But Hell in time may his Protection share,
The rather 'cause the God of Gold is there.
He courts loud Rumour, but lets Truth alone, Conscious of Guilt, he shuns being justly known,
And by's oft changing flyes a Definition
Learn'd, but in Ill ; Ingenious, but in Spite ; Virtuous by Accident, by Chance a Wit ;
Modest when Beat ; in Suffering Valiant ;
Honest when Forc'd ; and Moderate when in Want ;
True, but for Interest ; Civil but for Dread ; Devout for Alms ; and Loyal, but for Bread. Thy Mushroom Greatness I dare now arraign, For all thy Hectoring now will be in vain.
Here, take this Pass, ere we for ever part ; Then run, and'then fare well with all my Heart. The Lawyers yelling in their feign'd debate, And the fleec'd Client's Wisdom, all too late ; The keeping Cully's Jealousie and Care,
The slighted Lover's Maggots and Despair ;
A Woman's Body every Day to dress,
A fickle Soul, little as theirs, or less ;
The Courtier's Business, the Impudence o' th' Stage, And the defeated Father Peter's Rage ;
A Clock-work Spouse with loud eternal Clack,
A Shop i' th Change still ty'd to What d'ye lack ? Worse than these last, if any Curses more
Ovid e'er knew, or fiercer Oldham's store ;
'Till not one Part in Body or Soul be free.
May all their barbed Vengeance show'r on thee :
Press'd with their weight, long may'st thou raving lye, Envying an Halter, but not dare to die :
U
2go
2L poem to tlje S^emory, $c,
And when condemn'd thou dost thy Clergy plead, Some frightful Fiend deny thee Power to read ; Madness, Despair, Confusion, Rage, and Shame Attend you to the Placefrom whence you came : To Tyburn thee let Carrion Horses draw,
In jolting Cart, without so much as straw ;
Jaded, may they lye down i' th' the road, and tirM,
And (worse than one fair Hanging) twice bemir'd, May'st thou be maul'd with Pulcher's Sexton's Sermon, Till thou roar out for Hemp-sake, Drive on, Car-man ; Pelted and Curst i' th' Road by every one,
E'en to be hang^ may'st thou the Gauntlet run.
Not one good Woman who in Conscience can
Cry out—Tis pity —Troth, a proper Man.
Stupid and dull, may'st thou rub off like Hone, Without an open or a smother'd Groan :
May the Knot miss the Place, and fitted be To plague and Torture, not deliver thee ; Be half a Day a dying thus, and then Revive like Savage, to be hanged agen.
In Pity now thou shaft no longer live; For when thus satisfy can forgive.
JOHN
CARTER.
'd, I
THE
LIFE and DEATH
GEORGE Lord
OF J EFFREYS.
EADER, Think it not strange if I
with the memorable Life and Actions of a Person so well known in this great Kingdom : And peradventure Fame has not been silent in other
Countries, especially since he has been advanced to be a Chief Minister of State, and sat, as it were, steering at the Helm of Government. Various indeed are the Changes of worldly Affairs, and the Actions of Humane Life, which have been more particularly exemplified in the Rise and Fall of the Person, the Subject of this Discourse ; who from almost a mean Obscurity, soar'd to the lofty Pyramid of Honour ; where for a while, like an unfixed Star, he appeared to the Eyes of the wondring Nation, giving an imperfect Lustre ; till by, the sud den Turn and Change of unsteady Fortune he dropt headlong from his Sphere, and lost at once his Grandeur and his Power. To let Mankind see how little Trust there is to be given to the Smiles of flattering Greatness, especially when attained by violent and pressing Motions : I now proceed to trace this un fortunate Favourite in the sundry Capacities and Stations that have hitherto made up the Series of his Life.
He was born at Acton, near Wrexam, in Denbighshire, in U2
present you
292 %\)t %itt anti 2Deat5 of —
Wales, about the Year 1648, his Father's Name was — Jeffreys, being reputed a Gentleman in that Country, though of no large Fortune or Estate ; however he lived very comfortably on what he had, improving his yearly Income by his Industry ; and gain'd by his plain and honest Endeavours a good Repute amongst the Gentry of those Parts ; insomuch that it was not long before he, upon the Recommendation of some Person of Interest and Ability, gain'd a Wife of a good House ; and they lived very comfortably together in their Rural Habitation, being far from Ambition, or striving for Court-favour ; but con tented with what God had blessed them with, and the Fruits of their own Industry, they found a solid Happiness in that Con tentment. Nor had they lived together any considerable Time, but amongst other Children, the Fruits of Wedlock, God was pleased to bestow on them the Person who is intended the Sub
ject of this Discourse, who was in due Time baptized by the Christian Name of George; whether he had Godfathers, &c. it does not occur ; however, he under the Care and Diligence of his Industrious Parents grew up, and appear'd to all that studied him, of a very prompt and ready Wit, active, %nd striv ing for Pre-eminence, even among his Compeers in his tender Age, which lively demonstrated that an Air of Ambition was inherent to his Person.
As soon as he was capable to receive Learning, he was put to a Country-School, where he was furnished with such Education as that afforded, which was not extraordinary ; yet his natural Parts set it off to the best Advantage ; and growing to Years of somewhat a ripe Understanding, and not very tractable, his Father by the Advice of some of his Confidents, caused him to be brought to London, and finding him not inclinable to any Trade, but rather addicted to Study, he entred him, or by his Procurement he was entered into the Free-School of West minster, where he profited much, so that he was, by the Care of the worthy Master thereof, soon enabled to understand the
Languages, or at least so many of them as were convenient for the Study of the Law, which above other Things he aimed at ; tho' his Father seemed not very pliable to his Desires ; for per ceiving in his Soul a more than ordinary Spark of Ambition,
fearing it might kindle into a Flame, and prove one Day his
dfoorge 2. ort> 3leffrepg.
293
Ruin, he laboured to hinder the Ways he conceived most likely to bring it upon him ; and is reported to say (when he found he could not dissuade him from what he purposed, gently clapping
him on the Back), Ah, George, George, /fear
thou wilt die with thy Shoes and Stockings on : What he meant by that Expression, I determine not, but leave the Reader to interpret. Upon the coming in of King Charles the Second, and the restoring the Face of Affairs in the Kingdom, the Law reviv'd again, and began to flourish ; the Practitioners lived in much Credit and Reputation, and many of them purchased large
Estates, which served to wing the Desire of this Person with Impatience ; and some say he was the rather incited to it by a Dream he had whilst a Scholar at Westminster-School, viz. That he should be the chief scholar in that School, and after ward should enrich himself by Study and Industry, and that he should come to be the second Man in the Kingdom, but in Conclusion should fall into great Disgrace and Misery. This was confidently reported ; and some say himself told it to sun dry Persons since, when he found the second Part of it was fulfilled, by acquiring the Chancellorship, and standing high in the Favour of his Prince.
However, we find the latter Part did not deter him from his Purpose, for having entred himself in the Inner-Temple House, one of the chief Inns of Court, after his performing such Things as are conformable to the Customs of the House, we find him call'd to the Bar, by the Interest he made with the Benchers and Heads of that Learned Society, earlier than had been usual, leaping over the Heads of elder Graduates.
This happening about the twentieth Year of the Reign of King Charles the Second, and the City of London beginning to raise herself out of her Ashes, more stately and magnificent than before she sunk in Flames, a Sacrifice to the Revenge and Malice of the Papists, as by the late Inscription on the Monu
ment, and upon Record it appears : This great City, I say, regaining her Trade, her Priviledges and Customs were kept up with great Exactness, so that in the Courts at Guild-Hall there was much Business ; which being considered by this Per son as more beneficial than that at Westminster, by Reason of its Frequency, and being carried on briefer, and with less Diffi
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culty ; which induced him to give his Attendance also at HicKs- Hall, and other inferiour Courts and Places ; insomuch that he being of a bold Presence, and having naturally a fluent Tongue, an audible Voice, and good utterance, he had not pleaded often before he was very much taken Notice of, and gain'd so much Credit by the People, that they preferr'd him before any of the younger Barristers; by which means he found his Stars begin to smile upon him, so that he was in a manner courted to take Fees, and had Breviates thrust into his Hand frequently in the middle of a Course by Persons, when they perceived it went ill on their Sides, and was like to go against them.
Thus flush'd with Success, he now thought of nothing more than how he might climb ; nor did he want an Opportunity ; for the next Station we find him in, is that of Common Serjeant to the great and honourable City of London; and so much Fortune favour'd him at this Time, that Alderman Jeffreys, the great Smoaker, having often observ'd his Discourse and Actions, took such a liking to him, that being of the same Name, tho' not in the least any Relation, be back'd him with his Purse and Interest, which was not inconsiderable ; and thereby not only enabled him to carry on his Grandeur, but to purchase as he found a Conveniency or Advantage, in order to his keeping it up in the World.
These, I say, being the Degrees by which he was climbing the slippery Stair of Honour, to contract a firmer Alliance, he addressed himself to a brisk young Widow, Daughter to Sir Thomas Bludworth, then one of the Aldermen of the City, and who in the Time of the dreadful Conflagration had the Chair, as being then Lord Mayor; and so far prevail'd upon the Lady and her Father, that he gained both their Consents, and the Contract was made, the Nuptials solemnized, And soon after he had the Pleasure to behold the Fruits of her Labour. Sir John Howel, the Recorder of London, giving Place, the Recordership became vacant, which made this Person lay hold of that Oppor tunity, to use his own and the Interest of his Friends, to acquire that Place of Trust and Honour : Nor did his Measures fail
him, for by the powerful Influence he had by this Time gain'd
over sundry
what he so earnestly labour^ to arrive at, he was chosen and
Persons, who were best able to promote him to
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confirm'd Recorder of the honourable City ; taking upon Kim the Charge and Care of the Writings, Papers, &r'c. that belong to so great a Charge and Trust, as that of a Recorder of the
City of London.
By this Means being become (as himself declar'd) the Mouth
of the City, and, as we may term him, Capital Judge in the Guild-Hall, in Controversies at the Sessions held there, &°c.
and the Power of breathing forth Sentences of Punishment being put into his Hands, he found his Ambition enlarged, aim ing at nothing more than to become a Court-Favourite : Nor was it long before an Opportunity offer'd itself, to make him to be taken Notice of : For so it happened, that some Persons
had imprinted a Psalter, and entituled it (the better to shadow the Injury they had done to the Company of Stationers, by invading their Property) The King's Psalier, which occasioning a Dispute, it was referred to a Hearing before the Council at
Whitehall, the King being present, and the Company the better to make out their Title and Claim, carried with them this Person as their Counsel, who in opening of the Case, and mak ing the Complaint of the apparent Injury done to the Company, in printing what was really their Property, he had this Expresson,
viz. They have leem'd with a spurious Brat, which being clan destinely midwii/d into the World, the better to cover the Im posture, they lay it at your Majesty's Door, &c. This tho' the
King might have taken it (for sundry Reasons) as a Reflection upon his Royal Person, yet he was so far from resenting it that Way, that he only turned to one of the Lords that sat next him,
and said, This is a bold Fellow
the Stationers had the Matter declar'd by the Honourable
Board in their Favour.
About this Time the Popish Plot being discovered by Dr.
Oates and others, the Nation was for a while in a Ferment, and Matters run extreamly high in Disputes and Controversies, and he sail'd with the Current, declaring with much Heat and Violence against the Priests, Jesuites, and others of the Con spirators and Romish Faction ; as appeared not only by his vehement Expressions in pleading against 'em, but the Alacrity and little Concern that was visible in his Countenance, when at any Time, as Recorder of London, he past Sentence of Death
III warrant him. And indeed
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upon any of them, which he frequently did with more or less Reproach, and became in a Manner the Terror of that Party. But no sooner he perceived the Wind tacking at Court, and that there was some Misunderstanding between King Charles the Second and his Parliament, but he began to fall off, and grow cold in prosecuting the Ends of the Government, being frequently at Court, and labouring as much as in him lay to draw the Magistracy of the City after him ; as appears more especially by one Passage, viz. The King being recovered of an Indisposition, that had for some Time put the Kingdoms in a Fear and Doubt of his Life, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen went to congratulate him upon his going abroad; after which, and a favourable Reception, it was proposed by this Person, that they should in like manner wait upon his Royal Highness, then Duke of York, who was not long before returned from Flanders; but perceiving no Forwardness to be seconded, he only with his Father-in-Law stayed behind to gain that Access. These and other Proceedings created in the City a Jealousie, that he had espoused an Interest to their Prejudice, which wrought so strong in their Conceits, that it was concluded in the Council-chamber at Guild-Hall, that he should resign his
Recordership ; and accordingly they sent to him to deliver back the Papers and Writings they had entrusted him with, which accordingly was done, and Sir George Treby constituted Recorder in his stead.
This so netled him, that he now openly declared himself to be what before was only suspected, indulging his Thoughts in nothing more, than how he might revenge it upon the Dissenters, to whose Influence on the Court of Aldermen he attributed his
Dismission from the Recordership, and used his Endeavours to blacken them us much as he could. Yet all his Honour was not sunk; for he had prevailed for the Removal of Sir Job
Charleton from the Chief Justiceship of the County Palatine of Chester, and by the Importunity and Interest of his Party at Court, gained it for himself; and took the first Possession of that Charge in much Splendour, paying at that Time his Father a Visit with a numerous Train, which, as 'tis reported, put the Old Gentleman in such a Fret, for the drinking up his Cider, and devouring his Provisions, that he charged him with
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297
the undertaking to ruin him, by bringing a whole Country at his Heels, commanding him never to attempt the like Prodi gality again with Hopes of Success.
Many Petitions being put up upon the dissolving the Parlia ment, in 1682, by most of the Counties, and Burroughs, and Corporations of England, for the speedy calling another, to redress the Grievances of the Nation ; and the King shewing some Dislike of that Manner of Proceeding, this Person further to endear himself to the Interest of the Court, declared in his Station as vehemently against them, by saying, He abhorred that Petitioning, &c. from which, and the discountenancing the Petitioners as much as in him lay, he gain'd the Nameand Epithet of an Abhorrer; and upon the burning the Pope in Effigies at
Temple-Bar, upon the Birth-day of QueenElizabeth,a. mongst other Figures, the Arch-waggs had set one on HorIseback with his Face
to the Tail, and a Paper on his Back, viz.
During these Transactions, the Parliament being called, met
at Westminster, and amongst others, this Person was call'd before them, for attempting to intrench upon the Rights and Priviledges of the People, &>c. and obliged at the Bar of the Commons House (after having been heard what he could say in Defence of his Proceedings by his Council), to make his Ac knowledgment upon his Knees, and receive the Reprimand of the Speaker, whereupon, with some sharp Rebukes, as the Censure of the House, he was discharged.
To comfort him in this Affliction, that was not, by a Man of his haughty Spirit, a little stomached; this Parliament being dissolved, and a call of Serjeants had at the King's-Bench-Bar,
Westminster, he was the first in the Roll, and consequently the King's Serjeant ; and as it is usual to present the King with a Ring on that Occasion, the Motto he agreed to, was, A Deo Rex, a Rege Lex; viz. , The King from God, and the Law from the
King. And now the Popish Party playing their Cards with more Security, Edward Fitz-Harris, who had been impeached by the Commons, and stood charged by them of High-Treason being nevertheless, upon the Dissolution, tried at the King's- Bench-Bar, this Person was the principal Stickler against him, and by his Rhetorick and Florid Expressions, wrought so powerfully with the Jury, who were somewhat in Doubt what
am an Abhort-er.
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they should do in this Case, that they found him Guilty, and the Impeachment in Parliament set aside, he was executed as a Traitor at Tyburn: And soon after this, the Dissenters losing of their Esteem in the Eyes of the Court-Party, and some Jus tices of Peace of Middlesex being sharp upon them, this Person was chosen Chairman at the Sessions at Hicks-Hall, where he had an Opportunity to make them as he found his Time, see the Resentments of his Anger; but this Place being held too low for a Spirit winged with so large an Ambition, he aimed at higher Things, resolving, like Icarus, to be near the Sun,
tho' at the Hazard of melting his waxen Wings, dropping headlong into the Sea of inevitable Ruin. Whereupon per ceiving some hot Contests in the City of London, about the
Election of Magistrates and Officers, he turned the Edge of his Fury that Way, insomuch, that a Quo Warranto came down against the Charter of the Honourable City of London, and in fine, after much Pleading and Arguments pro 6-> contra, the Charter was surrendred, at least in Consent, by those that were in Power, and the King suspending the Execution of the Judgment obtained, caused such Orders to be observed as he thought most convenient, which being so well known to the
Citizens of London, it would appear a Presumption in me to enter upon Particulars ; yet the chiefest Cavil against the City was, taking the Toll of Markets, collecting Money to build Cheapside Conduit, Sr>c. Nor was it long after this, that several
Persons were tried for Rioters, who attended the Election of Sheriffs and Mayor, and Fines were passed upon many worthy Citizens, as Rioters on that Occasion ; in promoting which, this Person as a Counsellor by his florid Rhetorick was mainly in strumental, by giving the Court an Account of their respective Abilities, the better to settle the Fines; but the Lord Chief Justice Saunders dying, he succeeded him as Lord Chief Justice of the King? - Bench; in which Station he was scarcely settled, but he admitted the Popish Lords to Bail, that lay under an Impeachment in Parliament, and whose bailing had been refused by the Judges his Predecessors ; and now it was that he began more particularly to remember former
Affronts, an Example of which take in the Case of Elias Best, a Hop-
Merchant in Thames-street, viz.
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It so happened when this Person was Recorder of London, that a Jury, of which Best was one, having contrary to his Mind, acquitted a Party indicted at the Sessions of Peace in Guild-hall, for Printing and Publishing a Pamphlet, he in much Heat declared, that they had gone contrary to their Consciences, and stuck not to upbraid them with Perjury ; for which, as an high Affront put upon the Juries of London, they prayed the Court at the Old Baily, that they might prefer an Indictment against him ; and herein Mr. Best was the most active : But the Lord Chief Justice Scroggs then upon the Bench, after it had been a long Time argued and debated, told them, that the Sessions being almost at an End, it could not be tried, and
therefore he would desire them to refer it to the next Sessions, for the Recorder being a Person of Quality, he could not suffer him to lye under the Imputation of an Indictment so long ; but in the interim, he resigning his Recordership, the Business fell, and came to nothing ; but soon after it seems, Mr. Best had drank an Health to the pious Memory of Stephen Colledge departed, meaning the Joyner that was executed at Oxford, for which he was indicted upon an Information, and found Guilty ; yet he being at large, thought fit to withdraw himself to avoid the Rigour of the Fine, Sr>c. when so it fell out, that this Person going the Circuit as Lord Chief Justice, accompanied with a great many on Horseback, Mr. Best came by, and asked one of the Company what Judge that was ? Who replied, the Lord Chief Justice Jeffreys, and he unadvisedly told that Party his Name was Best, and desired him to remember his Service to his Lordship ; upon notice of which he immediately caused him to
be fetched back, and committed him to York Goal, from whence he was brought by Habeas Corpus to the King's-Bench, and imprisoned for a Fine of ^500, &r*c. Another instance of the Greatness of his Stomach, tho' in another Nature, is that which so remarkably happen'd at Kingston upon Thames, at the Mid summer-Assizes held there for the County of Surrey, 1679. At this Assize being Counsel in a Case upon Nisi prius, before Sir Richard Weston, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and desiring to ingross all the Questions, without suffering those on the other Side to ask the Witness what was convenient in carrying on, and managing the Cause ; he was desired by the
300 %ty %itt ann SDeatlj of
Judges to hold his Tongue, Sfc. upon which some Words pass ing, this Person told him, He did not use him like a Counsellor, curbing him in the managing his Breviates, &c. to which the Judge fiercely replied, Ha! Since the King has thrown his Favours upon you, in making you Chief Justice of Chester, you think to run down every Body; if you find yourself aggrieved, make your Complaint, here's no Body cares for it. And this Person replying, That he had not been used to make Complaints, but rather stopped those that were made; when being again commanded to hold his Tongue, he sat down and wept for Anger, &c. And here by the way it will not be amiss to let the Reader have a Taste of some Passages that happened on the publick Stage of Business, in the Jocular part of this great Man's Life, and the Repartees he met with, of which I
lhall instance a few :
Once it happened upon a Trial, that a plain Country fellow,
giving Evidence in the Court, and pressing it home, moved this Person, who was Counsel on the other Side, to pick a Quarrel with this poor Man's Leather Doublet, and amongst other In terrogations, bawl'd out, You fellow in the Leather Doublet, pray what have you for swearing ? The Man upon this, looked
steadily on Ihim, replied, Truly, Sir, ifyou have no more for
lying than
Doublet as well as I. This bluntly retorted, moved at that Time much Laughter, and filled the Town with the Discourse
have Swearing, you might wear a Leather for
of it.
Another Time it fell out, that some Musicians brought an
Action against a Person, at whose Wedding-day they had play'd, for the Money they were promised or expected, when in the midst of the Evidence, this Person called to one of them, viz. You Fiddler, &c. at which the Man seeming disgusted, he again, upon the Party's- alledging himself to be a Musician, demanded, What Difference there was between a Musician and a Fiddler? As much, Sir, said he, as there is between a pair of Bag-pipes and a Recorder. And he then being Recorder of London, it was taken as a suitable Repartee.
A Country Gentleman having Married a City Orphan, comes and demands her Fortune, which was about ,£1100, but by all the Friends that he could make, could not procure it, till he
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301
goes to Jeffreys, then Recorder, and gave him 100 Guineas to be his Friend to get out his Wife's Fortune, upon which Jeffreys told him, that the Court of Aldermen would sit such a Day ; the Gentleman appearing, was call'd in, Jeffreys being present, who ask'd him, Sirrah, what's your Business ? Upon which the Gentleman told him, That he had Married a City Orphan, and desired he might have her Portion o' th' Chamber ; upon which Jeffreys ask'd him, If he had askt the Consent of the Court of Aldermen ? He told him, No. Upon which he call'd him Rogue, Rascal, Sirrah, you should have ask'd Leave from the Court for such a Marriage. He told him he under stood not the Custom o' th' City, and begg'd their Pardon, being a Country Gentleman. Upon this Jeffreys abus'd him again : but afterwards gives him a Note for his Money ; his publick Railing upon him being only to blind the Court, that they might not suspect him bribed.
Jeffreys (when Chief Justice) being at a Country Assize, try ing a Cause, an old Man with a great Beard came to give Evidence before him, and not doing it to his Mind, he began to cavil with his Beard, and amongst other Expressions told him,
That if his Conscience was as large as his Beard, he might well swear any thing. This so netled the old Blade, that without any Respect to his Greatness, he briskly replied, My Lord, if
you go about to measure Consciences by Beards, your Lordship has none.
The Lord Jeffreys at another time making a Speech to the Grand Jury, particularly charged them to be severe against the Protestant Dissenters ; during the Time of the Charge he espied
his old Schoolmaster, and pointed at him particularly, saying, That is one of them. Many more of this kind might be men tioned, but not being greatly to the Purpose, they are willingly
omitted. Which the Reader will be apt to believe, if he ex amines his Dealings with Mr. Moses Pitt, Bookseller, which that I may set in their true Light, I shall give 'em in Mr. Pitt's own words, as I find 'em in his Treatise, entituled, The City of the Oppressed, p. 105, which are as follows :
Among several Houses I built both in King-street and Duke- street, Westminster, just against the Bird-Cages in St. James's Park, which just as I was a finishing, I lett to the Lord
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Chancellor Jeffreys, with Stables and Coach-houses to for £300 per Annum. After which, when he the said Chancellor came to see the House, (Alderman Duncomb, the great Banker being with him) and looking about him, saw between the House and St. James's Park an idle piece of Ground, he told me, He would have a Cause-Room built on it. told him that the Ground was the King's. He told me that he knew was but he would beg the Ground of the King, and give me He also bid me make my own Demands, and give him in Writ ing, the which did and unto which he did agree, and com manded me immediately to pull down the Park-Wall, and to build as fast as could, for he much wanted the said Cause- room. My Agreement with him was, That he should beg ofKing James all the Ground without the Park- Wall, between Webbs and Storey's inclusive; which said Ground Twenty-Five Foot in Breadth, and near Seven Hundred Foot in length (to the best of my Memory) for Ninety Nine Years, at a Pepper
corn per Annum, and he, the said Lord Chancellor, was to make over the said King's Grant to me for the said Number of Years, without any Alterations, with Liberty to pull down, or build on
the King's Wall, and to make a Way and Lights into the King's Park, according as pleas'd. In Consideration of my building on the said Ground of the Kings's, and the said Lord
Chancellor's Enjoyment of during his Occupation of the said House. All which the Lord Chancellor agreed to. For that purpose he sent for Sir Christopher Wren, his Majesty's Sur veyor, and my self, and ordered Sir Christopher to take Care to have the said Ground measured, and Platform taken of and that Writings and Deeds be prepared for to pass the Great Seal. Sir Christopher ask'd the said Lord Chancellor, in whose Name
the Grant was to pass, whether in his Lordship's or Mr. Pitt's The Chancellor replied, That the King had granted him the Ground for Ninety Nine Years, at Pepper-corn per Annum, and that he was to make over the said Grant to his Landlord Pitt, for the same Term of Years, without any Alteration, in
Consideration of his said Landlord Pitt building him a Cause- Room, &*c. and his the said Lord Chancellor's enjoying the same during his living in the said Pitt's House and withal urg'd him the said Pitt immediately to take down the King's
:
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303
Park-wall, and to build with all Expedition ; for he much wanted the Cause-room, and that I should not doubt him, for he would certainly be as good as his Agreement with me. My Witnesses are, Sir Christopher Wren, his Majesty's Surveyor, Mr. Fisher deceas'd, who belong'd to Sir C. Harbord, his Majesty's Land
Surveyor, Mr. Joseph Avis, my Builder, Mr. Thomas Blud- worth, Mr. John Arnold, both Gentlemen belonging to the said Lord Chancellor, and several others ; upon which I had a Warrant from Mr. Cook, out of the Secretary of State's
Office, in the Lord Chancellor's Name, with King James's Hand and
Seal, to pluck down the King's Wall, and make a Door and Steps, Lights, cVv. into the Park, at Discretion ; which said Warrant cost me £6 5s. Upon which, in about three or four Months Time I built the two Wings of that great House, which is opposite to the Bird-cages, with the Stairs, and Tarrass, cW. which said Building cost me about Four Thousand Pounds, with all the Inside-work : My Workmen being employed by the said Lord Chancellor to fit up the said House, and also Offices, and Cause-Room for his Use ; for all which he never paid me one Farthing.