No More Learning

See Alden.


## p. 416 (#432) ############################################

416
PANTENIUS - PARK
(
Pantenius, Theodor Hermann (pän-te'nē-us).
A German novelist; born at Mitau in Cour-
land, Oct. 10, 1843. Under the pseudonym of
( Theodor Hermann” he wrote: (Wilhelm
Wolfschild) (2d ed. 1873); Alone and Free )
(1875); Ruddy Gold' (1881); "Stories from
Courland (1892).
Paparrhigopoulos, Constantine (pä''pä-rē-
gop'ö-los). A modern Greek historian; born
at Constantinople in 1815; died at Athens,
April 26, 1891. His father was a rich banker
of Constantinople, who was put to death dur-
ing the Greek Revolution of 1821. The son,
having escaped to Russia, was educated at
Odessa at the expense of the Czar Alexander,
and in 1854 became professor of history at the
University of Athens. His principal work, (A
History of the Greek People' (5 vols. , 1862–77),
was translated into French in an abridged form
as a History of Hellenic Civilization (1878).
Papillon, Marc de (pä-pe-yôn'), known as
«Captain Lasphrise. A French poet; born at
Amboise, 1555; died about 1005. In 1590 he
published a volume of stanzas, songs, elegies,
epigrams, satires, epitaphs, etc.
His verses
are graceful and enlivened with wit, but many
of them are licentious. Toward the end of
his life he composed poems on religious sub-
jects; e. g. , a versified rendering of the “Can-
ticle of the Three Children in the Fiery Fur-
nace, the Magnificat,' the Lord's Prayer, etc.
Pardo-Bazán, Emilia (pär-do-ba-zan'). A
Spanish story-teller; born at Coruña, 1852.
Most noteworthy among her writings are : (Pas-
cual Lopez) (1888); (Mother Nature) (2 vols. ,
1888); Morriña, a Love Story) (1889); (The
Palpitating Question (4th ed. 1891). She com-
menced the publication of the monthly New
Critical Theatre in 1890. *
Pardoe, Julia. An English historical and
miscellaneous writer; born at Beverly, York-
shire, 1806; died in London, Nov. 26, 1862. She
was a most voluminous writer, among her works
being : (Traditions of Portugal) (1833); (City
of the Sultan,' etc. (1837); Louis XIV. and
the Court of France) (1847); (The Jealous
Wife) (1847–58); (The Court and Reign of
Francis I. (1849); (Marie de' Medici? (1852);
( Episodes of French History, during the Con-
sulate,' etc. (1859); (A Life Struggle) (1859).
Pardon, George Frederick. An English
miscellaneous writer; born at London, 1824;
died 1884. He wrote many handbooks of games,
sports, and pastimes ; several stories, as Faces
in the Fire) (1856); ' Tales from the Operas)
(1858); ( Boldheart the Warrior) (1859); Noble
by Heritage (1877); “Stories About Animals);
Stories About Birds); (Illustrious Women who
have Distinguished Themselves for Virtue, Piety,
and Benevolence) (1868).
Parini, Giuseppe (pä -re' nē). An Italian
lyric and satiric poet; born in the village of
Bosisio in the Milanese, May 22, 1729; died at
Milan, Aug. 15, 1799. His chief work is a so-
cial satire in four parts, called Morning,
Noon, (Evening,' and (Night,' afterward col-
lected and named Day' ('Works, 6 vols. ,
1801-4. ) *
Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin (pä-rēs'). A
distinguished French Romance philologist; born
at Avenay, Aug. 9, 1839. He is professor of
the French language and literature at the Col-
lège de France, and has done much to arouse
interest in the study of Romance philology.
(A Poetical History of Charlemagne) (1866),
(Poetry of the Middle Ages) (1885), and
(French Mediæval Literature) (1888), are his
most important publications. He is a member
of German, Austrian, and Italian academies,
and an officer of the Legion of Honor.
Paris, Matthew. A celebrated mediæval
chronicler ; his birthplace and date of birth
are unknown; he died about 1259. He be-
came a novice in the Benedictine monastery
of St. Albans, England, in 1217; was received
into the order, and was employed in many
weighty affairs of church and State. His prin-
cipal work is his (Greater History,' or Larger
Chronicles) of events down to 1259. Among
his other writings is the 'Lives of Twenty-three
Abbots of St. Albans.
Parisius, Ludolf (pär-é'se-us). A German
publicist; born at Gardelegen, Oct. 15, 1827.
Besides several political pamphlets, he wrote:
Commentary on the Imperial Law against
Associations) (1876); (German Political Parties,
and the Ministry of Bismarck) (1877); the nov.
els (Duty and Obligation (1873), “Weary of
Freedom (1873), In the Woods and on the
Heath); (German Popular Songs); Pictures
from Ancient Brandenburg) (2 vols. , 1882-84).
Park, Andrew. A Scotch poet; born at Ren.
frew, March 7, 1807; died at Glasgow, Dec. 27,
1863. After an Oriental tour he published
(Egypt and the East) (1856). His poems are:
(The Vision of Mankind”; (The Bridegroom
and the Bride) (1834); (Silent Love, a grace-
ſul poem (1843); Veritas) (1849), a poem of
an autobiographical character.
Park, John. A Scotch poet ; born at Green-
ock, Jan. 14, 1804; died at St. Andrews, April
8, 1865. He wrote many songs which have
become popular favorites, among them (O gin
I were where Gadie rins,' and (The Miller's
Daughter. His songs were not published till
after his death ; then also was published a
volume of his "Lectures and Sermons) (1865).
Park, Mungo. A celebrated Scottish traveler;
born at Fowlshiels, Sept. 10, 1771; died in
equatorial Africa in 1806. He was sent to
Africa under the auspices of the African Asso-
ciation, and explored the Gambia and upper
Niger, publishing on his return the well-known
(Travels in the Interior of Africa) (1799). On
his second expedition, which was equipped by
the British government, he descended the Niger
some 1500 miles; and after losing the majority
of his men from fever, was treacherously mur-
dered by natives.
:


## p. 417 (#433) ############################################

PARK-PARR
417
Park, Roswell. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Lebanon, Conn. , 1807; died in
Chicago, Ill. , 1869. He published : “Selections
of Juvenile and Miscellaneous Poems) (1836);
(Sketch of the History of West Point) (1840);
(Pantology, or Systematic Survey of Human
Knowledge) (1841); and (Jerusalem, and Other
Poems) (1857).
Parker, Edwin Pond. An American clergy.
man, hymn-writer, and author; born at Castine,
Me. , 1836. He has been pastor of the South
Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn. , since
1860. He is the author of several hymns, and
has published among other works Book of
Praise) and (The Ministry of Beauty. )
Parker, Gilbert. A Canadian novelist, now
living in New York; born in Ontario, 1861.
Among his works are: Pierre and his Peo-
ple); (Tales of the Far North); (An Ad-
venturer of the North); (A Romany of the
Snows); (A Lover's Diary) (1894); (The Trail
of the Sword (1894); "When Valmond Came to
Pontiac); (The Seats of the Mighty); (The
Pomp of the Lavillettes); 'The Trespasser. *
Parker, John Henry. An English archæ-
ologist; born in London in 1806; died in 1884.
He superintended many excavations in Rome,
and was the author of (The Archäology of
Rome) (3 vols. , 1874-84), an important work
on the walls, aqueducts, tombs, etc. , of the
Eternal City. His other publications are: a
(Glossary of Architecture (1836), an important
aid to the revival of Gothic art; (Introduction
to the Study of Gothic Architecture (1849).
Parker, Martin. A noted English balladist;
the dates of his birth and death are unknown,
but he died probably in 1656. Among his bal-
lads are: (When the King Enjoyes his Own
Again'; (The King and a Poore Northerne
Man'; (Sailors for my Money); John and
Joan; or, A Mad Couple Well Met.
Parker, Theodore. A distinguished Ameri-
can preacher and reformer; born at Lexing-
ton, Mass. , Aug. 24, 1810; died at Florence,
May 10, 1860. He was pastor of a Unitarian
church in Roxbury (1836-43), meanwhile con-
tributing to the Dial essays and reviews in
which he gave expression to theological opin-
ions of extreme heterodoxy. His Discourse
on Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842), a
volume of lectures delivered by him in Boston,
made him famous, and he finally left Rox-
bury and preached regularly in that city. He
also lectured in the chief cities of the Union.
He published (Theism, Atheism, and the Pop-
ular Theology) (1853), and a volume of “Ten
Sermons on Religion (1852). *
Parkhurst, Charles Henry. An American
clergyman and reformer; born at Framingham,
Mass. , April 17, 1842. He graduated at Am-
herst College in 1866, and studied theology in
Germany. Since 1880 he has been pastor of
the Madison Square Presbyterian Church. In
1891, as president of the Society for the Pre-
vention of Crime, he began his attack on the
police department of New York city, and was
prominent in the Lexow investigation which
followed. His writings include: (The Blind
Man's Creed (1883); (Three Gates on a Side)
(1891); “Our Fight with Tammany) (1895).
Parkman, Francis. An eminent American
historian; born at Boston, Sept. 16, 1823; died
at Jamaica Plain, Mass. , Nov. 8, 1893. He wrote:
(The Oregon Trail : Prairie and Rocky Mount-
ain Life) (1849); "History of the Conspiracy
of Pontiac) (2 vols. , 1851); (The Pioneers of
France in the New World (1865); “The Jesuits
in North America) (1866); (La Salle and the
Discovery of the Great West) (1869); (The
Old Régime in Canada) (1874); (Count Fron-
tenac and New France under Louis XIV. ? (1877);
(Montcalm and Wolfe) (2 vols. , 1884); (A Half-
Century of Conflict' (2 vols. , 1892). *
Parley, Peter. See Goodrich.
Parmenides (pär-men'i-dēz). A celebrated
Greek philosopher of the fifth century B. C. ;
born at Elea in Southern Italy. He wrote but
one work on philosophy,-a didactic poem
in the epic metre and in the lonic dialect,
entitled “On Nature): fragments of it, in all
about 160 lines, have come down to our times.
It was divided into three sections, Proem,
(Truth, <Opinion. The fragments have been
rendered into English by Th mas Davidson. *
Parnell, Thomas. An Irish poet; born at
Dublin, 1679; died 1718. He was a minister
of the established Irish Church, and held a
cure of souls in Ireland, but spent most of his
life in England. His works are: a volume of
(Poems, in which is (The Hermit); a Life
of Homer) prefixed, and a translation of the
(Battle of the Frogs and Mice always suffixed,
to Pope's version of the Iliad.
Parny, Évariste Désiré Desforges, Viscomte
de (pär-nē'). A French poet; born in the Isle
of Bourbon, Feb. 6, 1753; died at Paris, Dec. 5,
1814. He won celebrity through his volume of
Erotic Poems, which first appeared in incom-
plete form 1778, completed 1781: Voltaire sa-
luted him, “My dear Tibullus. In 1799 he
published (The War of the Gods, afterward
enlarged and named (The Christianide): it is
a cynical and impious attack upon all religions.
He published (1805) (The Stolen Portfolio,' con-
taining Venus's Disguises,' (Gallantries of the
Bible, (Paradise Lost.
Parodi, Dominique Alexandre (pä-ro-de').
A French poet of Greek origin; born in the
island of Crete, Nov. 15, 1840. He spent his
early years at Smyrna, then lived for a time
at Milan, and afterward settled in Paris as a
journalist. He wrote: (The Last of the Popes,
a novel, in Italian; a volume of French verses,
(Passions and Thoughts) (1865); Messenian
Tales) (1867); (The Triumph of Peace) (1878);
(Flesh and Soul Cry Out) (1883). He wrote
also the tragedy (Rome Vanquished (1876),
and the Scriptural poem “Sephora' (1877).
Parr, Samuel. A famous English scholar
and educator; born at Harrow-on-the-Hill, Jan.
a
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## p. 418 (#434) ############################################

418
PARROT - PASCAL
15, 1747; died at Hatton, March 6, 1825. He
was chief assistant at Harrow, 1767-71; after-
wards master of schools at Colchester and Nor-
wich; and prebend of St. Paul's, London. He
was famous for extent and variety of learning
and for conversational powers. His writings
(8 vols. , 1828) include sermons, memoirs, re-
views, dissertations, etc. , -- a mass of crude schol.
arship not focused to any special field, and per-
ishing with itself. (Aphorisms, Opinions, and
Reflections by Dr. Parr) (1826) was an effort
to preserve some of the talk which helped to
make him a popular colossus in his day.
Parrot, Henry. An English epigrammatist ;
place and date of birth and death unknown.
In the first quarter of the 17th century he pub-
lished six volumes of licentious epigrams and
satires. One of the volumes was entitled
(Springes to Catch Woodcocks) (1613), and
contains 216 epigrams; another, 'Cures for the
Itch : Characters, Epigrams, Epitaphs) (1626).
Parsons, Eliza. An English novelist and
dramatist; born at Plymouth; died at Leyton-
stone in Essex, Feb. 5, 1811. She wrote the
farce Intrigues of a Morning; or, An Hour at
Paris) (1792), an adaptation of Molière's "Mon-
sieur de Pourceaugnac); the novels History
of Miss Meredith) (1790); (The Castle of Wolf-
enbach (1793); (The Peasant of Ardennes
Forest); (The Mysterious Visits); and others.
Parsons, Mrs. Frances Theodora (Smith)
(Dana). An American writer of Albany, N. Y. ;
born in New York State in 1861. Under the
name of “William Starr Dana” she has pub-
lished : (How to Know the Wild Flowers ); (AC-
cording to Season); (Plants and their Children.
Parsons, George Frederic. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Brighton, England, 1840. In 1863 he began
journalistic work at Vancouver Island ; subse.
quently was editor of the Sacramento (Cal. )
Record Union. In 1883 he became a member
of the editorial staff of the New York Tribune.
His works include: "Life of James Marshall,
discoverer of gold in California (1871); (Mid-
dle Ground,' a novel (1874).
Parsons, Gertrude. An English novelist;
born 1812; died at Teignmouth, Feb. 12, 1891.
Among her novels are: 'Thornberry Abbey)
(1846); (Emma Cross: A Tale) (1859); "Ruth
Baynard's Story) (1861); (Major Vandermere)
(1876). She wrote also "Life of St. Ignatius of
Loyola) (1860); "Life of St. Colette) (1879).
Parsons, Philip. An English miscellaneous
writer; born at Dedham in Essex, 1729; died
at Wye, June 12, 1812. His principal work is
(Monuments and Painted Glass in upwards of
100 Churches) (1794).
He wrote also: Inef-
ficacy of Satire: a Poem (1766); Dialogues of
the Dead with the Living) (1779); (Simplicity :
A Poem (1784).
Parsons, Thomas William. An American
poet; born at Boston, Aug. 18, 1819; died Sept.
3, 1892. He made a metrical translation of the
first ten cantos of Dante's Inferno (1843),
and afterwards of the whole of the 'Inferno)
(1867). He published a volume of poems,
"Ghetto di Roma) (1854); (The Magnolia)
(1867); (The Old House at Sudbury' (1870);
(The Shadow of the Obelisk) (1872). *
Parsons, William. An English poet of the
18th century; died 1807. He wrote (A Poetical
Tour (1787); "Ode to a Boy at Eton (1706);
(Fidelity, or Love at First Sight, with Other
Poems) (1798).
Parthenius (pär-thē'nē-us). A Bithynian
poet said to have lived in Rome in the first
century B. C. He wrote Metamorphoses) and
other poems, none of which are preserved ex-
cept one on Amatory Affections,' dedicated to
the poet Cornelius Gallus.
Partington, Mrs. See Shillaber.
Parton, James. An American writer; born
at Canterbury, England, Feb. 9, 1822; died at
Newburyport, Mass. , Oct. 17, 1891. He wrote
many valuable biographies, as :'Life of Horace
Greeley) (1855); Life and Times of Aaron
Burr) (1857); (General Butler in New Orleans)
(1863); “Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin
(1864); (Famous Americans of Recent Times)
(1870); Life of Thomas Jefferson) (1874);
(Life of Voltaire) (1881). Among his other
works are: (Humorous Poetry of the English
Language) (1857); (Tr of Enterprise,
Ingenuity, and Public Spirit! (1871); (Topics
of the Time) (1871); (Caricature in all Times
and Lands) (1875). *
Parton, Sara Payson Willis. ["Fanny
Fern. ”) An American essay-writer, sister of
N. P. Willis and wife of James Parton; born in
Portland, Me. , July 9, 1811; died in Brooklyn,
N. Y. , Oct. 10, 1872. She is said to have con-
tributed an article each week, for sixteen years,
to the New York Ledger. She published two
novels,-(Ruth Hall (1854), a slightly veiled
autobiography, and Rose Clark) (1857); and
collections from her contributions to the weekly
press.
Partridge, John. An English poet and trans-
lator; he flourished in the latter half of the 10th
century. Besides prose work, he wrote: (The
Most Famouse and Worthie Historie of the
Worthy Lady Pendavola); (The Worthye His-
torie of the Most Noble and Valiaunt Knight
Plasidas); (The Notable Hystorie of the Two
Famous Princes of the World, Astianax and
Polixena) -- all published in 1566.
Partridge, William Ordway. An American
sculptor and writer on art; born in France in
1861. He is a resident of Milton, Mass. , and
the author of Art for America) (1894); (The
Song Life of a Sculptor) (1894); (The Tech-
nique of Sculpture' (1895).
Parzanese, Pierpaulo (pär-tsän-ā'zė). An
Italian poet; born at Ariano in the kingdom
of Naples, about 1800; died 1852. He wrote:
(Popular Songs); “Songs of the Poor); (Mis-
cellaneous Verses); (The Man of Viggiano.
Pascal, Blaise (päs-käl'). A celebrated
French philosopher and mathematician; born


## p. 419 (#435) ############################################

PASQUÉ – PAULI
419
as
a
)
at Clermont Ferrand in Auvergne, June 19,
1623; died at Paris, Aug. 19, 1662. Among
his writings are: Letters Written by Louis
Montalte to a Friend in the Provinces, better
known as the Provincial Letters(1656);
(Thoughts on Religion (Pensées), published
several years after the author's death. *
Pasqué, Ernst (päs-kā'). A German story.
writer and musician; born at Cologne, Sept. 3,
1821 ; died at Alsbach, March 20, 1892. Among
his novels are: (The Grenadier of Pirmasens)
(1875); ( The Prima Donna) (1879); (The Vaga-
bonds) (1886); (Stories of Musicians) (1887);
Magdalena : Story of a German Paris Lion)
(1890).
Pasquier, Étienne (päs-kyā'). A celebrated
French jurisconsult; born at Paris, 1529; died
there, 1615. His greatest work is (Researches
on France,' in nine books, treating of the magis.
tracies, States-general, Church affairs, famous
trials, origin of French poetry, the French
language, etc. ; very important are Pasquier's
Letters) (1619).
Passarge, Ludwig (päs-är'gė). A German
miscellaneous writer ; born at Wollitnick near
Heiligenbeil, East Prussia, Aug. 6, 1825. He
traveled extensively in Europe, and wrote:
(From the Weichsel Delta' (1857); (Fragments
from Italy) (1860); “Sweden, Wisby, and Copen-
hagen) (1867); (Summer Tours in Norway
(2d ed. 1884. He wrote also : Henrik Ibsen)
(1883); Baltic Stories) (1884); From Con-
temporary Spain and Portugal (1884); and
translated several works of Scandinavian poets.
Passerat, Jean (päs-ėr-ä'). A French poet
and scholar; born at Troyes, 1534 ; died at Paris,
1602. Among his works are: (Verses of Love
and the Chase); Metamorphosis of a Man into
a
a Bird); he wrote a complete commentary on
Rabelais's works, but shortly before his death
committed it to the flames.
Pater, Walter (Horatio). An English lit-
erary and art critic; born at London, 1839;
died at Oxford, July 30, 1894. He wrote : (The
Renaissance : Studies in Art and Poetry) (1873);
(Marius the Epicurean) (1885); (Imaginary
Portraits) (1887); Appreciations (1889); Plato
and Platonism' (1893); "Greek Studies) and
Miscellaneous Studies and Essays,' posthu-
mously published (1895). *
Paterculus, Gaius Velleius (pa-tér'kū-lus).
A Roman historian; born about 19 B. C. ; died
after 30 A. D. He was a prefect or legate in
the Roman army under Tiberius, and saw active
service in Germania, Pannonia, and Dalmatia.
His only extant work is the Historiæ Romanæ,
in two books; a compendium of universal, but
more particularly of Roman, history. It is
generally trustworthy, and valuable for confirma-
tory evidence.
Patmore, Coventry Keassey Deighton. An
English poet; born at Woodford in Essex, July
23, 1823; died 1896. He wrote: The Angel
in the House) (4 parts, 1854–62; 7th ed. 1877);
(The Unknown Eros) (1877); (Amelia) (1878);
(Religio Poetæ) (1893); (The Rod, the Root
and the Flower) (1895); also Principle in
Art, and Other Essays. ) (1889). *
Patmore, Peter George. An English miscel-
laneous writer; born at London, 1786; died
Dec. 19, 1855. He wrote: (Imitations of Cele-
brated Authors, or Imaginary Rejected Articles)
(1826); My Friends and Acquaintances, being
Memorials, Mind-Portraits, and Personal Recol.
lections,' etc. (1854); Marriage in Mayfair,' a
comedy (1854).
Patten, George Washington. An American
poet; born in Newport, R. I. , Dec. 25, 1808; died
in Houlton, Me. , April 28, 1882. Educated at
West Point, he served in the Mexican and
Seminole wars. He acquired some reputation
a writer, and has been called the “poet-
laureate of the army. ) Among his lyrics are :
(The Seminole's Reply,' once declaimed by
most American schoolboys; Joys that We've
Tasted); and (An Episode of the Mexican
War. He published in book-form : Artillery
Drill (1861); (Army Manual) (1863); (Voices
of the Border,' a collection of his poems (1867).
Pattison, Mark. An English critic and his-
torian of literature; born at Hornby in York-
shire, Oct. 10, 1813; died at Harrogate, July 30,
1884. His writings were for the most part con-
tributions to the quarterlies, and notes and com-
mentaries on classic authors ancient and modern.
His chief book is (Isaac Casaubon) (1875), a
life of the great scholar giving a vivid picture
of literary life in the 16th century. His auto-
biographical (Memoirs (1883) come down only
to the year 1860.
Patton, Jacob Harris. An American histor-
ical writer; born in Fayette County, Pa. , May
20, 1812. Among his publications are: (A Con-
cise History of the American People) (2 vols. ,
1860-82); (Yorktown, 1781-1881) (1881); (The
Democratic Party, its History and Influence)
(1884); and (The Natural Resources of the
United States) (1888).
Paul, John. See Webb, Charles Henry.
Paulding, James Kirke. An American novel-
ist; born in Dutchess County, N. Y. , Aug. 22,
1779; died at Hyde Park, N. Y. , April 6, 1860.
He founded, with Washington Irving, the satir-
ical journal Salmagundi. He wrote: (Lay of
a Scotch Fiddle) (1813); (The United States
and England' (1814); (The Diverting History
of John Bull and Brother Jonathan) (1816).
His chief novels are : Koningsmarke) (1823);
(Tales of a Good Woman by a Doubtful Gentle-
man) (1823); John Bull in America) (1824);
Merry Tales of the Three Wise Men of Gotham'
(1826); (The Dutchman's Fireside) (1831);
(Westward Ho! ) (1832); (The Puritan and his
Daughter) (1849). He wrote also (Letters on
Slavery) (1835), and "Life of George Washing-
ton) (2 vols. , 1854). *
Pauli, Reinhold (pou'lē). A German his.
torian; born at Berlin, May 25, 1823; died at


## p. 420 (#436) ############################################

420
PAULUS- PEACOCK
Bremen, June 3, 1882. Among his writings are:
(King Alfred and his place in the History of
England (1851); (History of England,' con-
tinuation of Lappenberg's work (Vols. iii. , iv. , V. ,
1853-58); Pictures of Ancient England) (1860);
(History of England from the Treaties of Peace
1814-15) (3 vols. , 1864-75).
Paulus, Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob
(pou'lus). A German theologian and Oriental-
ist; born in Leonberg, Würtemberg, Sept. I,
1761; died at Heidelberg, Aug. 10, 1851. He
was professor of Oriental languages at Jena
(1789) and Heidelberg (1811). He was the
author of a Philological, Critical, and Histor-
ical Commentary on the New Testament? (4
vols. , 1800-4); Exegetic Manual on the First
Three Gospels) (1830-33 and 1841-42 ); and
similar works.
Paulus Diaconus (pâ'lus di-ak'o-nus) (Paul
the Deacon). An early Langobardian histo-
rian in the eighth century. He wrote a (Ro.
man History, coming down to the time of
Justinian. In the court of Charlemagne he was
one of the chiefs of the literary circle. By
the order of Charlemagne he compiled a col-
lection of homilies, Homiliarius); he wrote
also (History of the Bishops of Metz,' and a
(History of the Langobardi, which however
he did not live to complete.
Pausanias (pâ-sā'nē-as). A Greek traveler
of the second century of our era; a native of
Lydia. He wrote in ten books (The Tour of
Greece, commonly called Pausanias's De-
scription of Greece. *
Pautet, Jules (põ-tā'). A French publicist
and poet; born at Beaune, 1799 ; died 1870.
Among his writings are: Evening Songs )
(1838); Abdul Medjid,' a lyric chant (1840);
(Ernest, or the Savoyard Vicar's Confession of
Faith) (1858); (The Pope, Austria, and Italy)
(1859); Vercingetorix and Cæsar, a poem
(1865).
Pavlov, Nikolai Philippovitsh (päv'lov). A
Russian story-writer and poet; born at Moscow,
1802; died 1854. He wrote: (Mary Stuart,' a
tragedy (1828); "Lyric Poems) (1831); two series
of (Stories) (1831-35); and a series of Dramas)
(1850).
Payn, James. An English editor and well-
known novelist. He was born at Cheltenham
in 1830, and graduated at Cambridge in 1854,
beginning at once a notable literary career.
From 1858 he edited Chambers' Journal, for
which he wrote exclusively for many years. In
1882 he became editor of the Cornhill Maga-
zine. His works reach upwards of 100 books,
the best-known being: Lost Sir Massing-
berd”; ( By Proxy); (The Luck of the Darrells);
(The Talk of the Town); “Some Literary Rec-
ollections) (1886); and (Gleams of Memory)
(autobiographical), 1894.
Payne, John. An English poet and Oriental
scholar; born in London, Aug. 23, 1842. He
studied for the bar, and in 1867 became a
solicitor. Among his works are: (The Masque
of Shadow) (1870); Intaglios) (1871); "Songs
of Life and Death) (1872); (Lautrec) (1878);
a translation of the Poems of Francis Villon)
(1878); New Poems) (1880); Francis Villon
-a Biographical Study) (1881); a close and
scholarly translation of the Arabian Nights'
Entertainments, with the addition of those
volumes of Arabian Tales) not included in
the common (1882 et seq. ); and a translation
of the Rubaiyát) of Omar Khayyam, includ-
ing over 800 quatrains, several hundred more
than have been before translated (1897). He
has also made a translation of Dante's (Divina
Commedia,' which is unpublished. Mr. Payne
is a profound Oriental scholar, and a writer of
vigorous vernacular English.
Payne, John Howard. An American
dramatist and author; born in New York city,
June 9, 1792; died in Tunis, Africa, April 10,
1852. A precocious child, a successful acta-
and author, his chief fame rests upon the lyric
(Home, Sweet Home, which occurs in one of
his dramas, the (Maid of Milan. From 1841
until his death he was consul at Tunis; his
remains were removed to Washington in 1883.
Of his plays, Brutus, Virginius,' and 'Charles
II. ' still remain popular.
Payne, William Hudson. An American
journalist and novelist; born in Illinois in 1865.
He is the author of "Jerry the Dreamer' (1896),
a novel.
Payne, William Morton. An American lit-
erary critic, editor of the Dial, Chicago; born
in Massachusetts, 1858. He has published (Our
New Education'; 'Little Leaders,' a collection.
Paz Soldan, Mariano Felipe (päth sõl-dän').
A Peruvian geographer and historian; born at
Arequipa, August 1821 ; died at Lima, Dec. 31,
1886. He was director of public works, twice
minister of justice, and the author of (Geo-
graphical Atlas of Peru' (1861); History of
Independent Peru) (1866); Dictionary of the
Argentine Republic) (1884); History of the
War of the Pacific) (1884); etc. During the
Chilean occupation he was exiled to Buenos
Ayres.
Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer. An American
writer and educator, of celebrity ; born at Bil-
lerica, Mass. , May 16, 1804; died at Jamaica
Plain, Mass. , Jan. 4, 1894. She became a teacher
in Boston in 1822; and was one of the first to
introduce the kindergarten system in the United
States. Besides contributions to periodicals she
published: (First Steps to History) (1833 );
Æsthetic Papers) (1849); ( The Polish-American
System of Chronology) (1852); (Chronological
History of the United States) (1850); Remi-
niscences of Dr. Channing) (1880); "Letters to
Kindergarteners) ( 1886 ); and (The Last Even-
ing with Allston, and Other Papers) (1887).
Peacock, John Macleay.