Gribojedov, Alexander
Sergeievich
(grē-bo-
yā'dov).
yā'dov).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He
reached the highest point north attained up to
that time, but endured great suffering and loss
of men from cold and starvation. Among his
works are: (Three Years of Arctic Service)
(1886); (American Weather) (1888); Hand-
book of Arctic Discoveries,
Green, Anna Katharine - Mrs. Rohlfs. An
American author; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Nov.
II, 1846. She graduated at Ripley (female) Col-
lege, Poultney, Vt. , 1867. Her novels are detect-
ive stories, and enjoy great popularity. (The
Leavenworth Case) (1878) is one of her best.
Included in her publications are: (Risifi's
Daughter) (1866), a dramatic poem; «The
Sword of Damocles); A Strange Disappear.
ance); (Hand and Ring); (The Mill Mystery);
(Behind Closed Doors); (X, Y, Z'; (That
Affair Next Door); etc.
Green, John Richard. An English clergy-
man and historian; born in Oxford, 1837 ; died
at Mentone, France, March 7, 1883. He ruined
his health and died early through fiery zeal in
work among the London poor; much of his
vast research and his writing were done in bed.
The (Short History of the English People!
is perhaps the highest combination in his-
torical writing of sound scholarship, immense
and perfectly assimilated reading, and a liter-
ary style of great charm, lucidity, and swiftness.
(The Making of England and “The Conquest
of England) are studies of special periods. *
Green, Joseph. An American poet, - famed
for his loyalty to England; born in Boston,
Mass. , in 1706; died in London, England, Dec.
II, 1780; graduated at Harvard 1726. He was
a ready wit and satirist. His works include:
(The Wonderful Lament of Old Mr. Tenor)
(1744); (Poems and Satires) (1780).
Green, Matthew. A British poet; born in
1696 ; died in Nag's Head Court, in 1737. (The
Spleen, most noted of his poems for originality
and wit, was published (1737) after his death,
by his friend Richard Glover. It is one of the
best of its class, and was a favorite with Gray.
The familiar quotation «Fling but a stone, the
giant dies," is from this poem.
Green, Thomas Hill. An English philoso-
pher and humanist; born in Birkin, Yorkshire,
April 7, 1836; died at Oxford, March 26, 1882.
His profound learning and attractive personal
qualities made him a strong influence in British
thought, and the chief exponent of the Neo-
Hegelian movement. His works include: In-
troduction to Hume); (Treatise on Human
Nature); (Collected Writings); and Prolegom.
ena to Ethics. *
Greene, Aella. An American journalist and
poet; born in Chester, Mass. , in 1838. He is
connected with the press in Springfield, Mass.
His works include: Rhymes of Yankee-Land”;
(Into the Sunshine) (1881);“Stanza and Sequel
(1884); (Gathered from Life.
Greene, Albert Gorton. An American law.
yer and poet; born in Providence, R. I. , Feb.
10, 1802; died in Cleveland, O. , Jan. 4, 1868.
He wrote the famous poem Old Grimes. )
Greene, Asa. An American author; born in
Ashburnham, Mass. , 1788; died in New York
city, 1837. He graduated at Williams Col-
lege, and in 1827 received a degree from the
Berkshire Medical School. He was a book-
seller of the old-fashioned kind, and noted as
a humorist. He served for some time as edi.
tor of the New York Evening Transcript. His
publications include: Adventures of Dr. Dodi-
mus Duckworth, A. N. Q. ; to which is added,
the History of a Steam Doctor) (1833); and
Debtor's Prison (1837).
a
## p. 232 (#248) ############################################
232
GREENE - GREIF
26-166/2.
Greene, Francis Vinton. An American sol-
dier and author; born in Providence, R. I. ,
June 27, 1850. He graduated from West Point
in 1870, and served until 1880, when he resigned
with the rank of captain. He was assistant
astronomer on the Northwest Boundary Sur-
vey from 1872 to 1876, and was attached to
the headquarters of the Russian army during
the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. His chief
works are: “The Russian Army and its Cam-
paigns in Turkey) (1879); (Army Life in Rus-
sia) (1880); “The Mississippi? (1882); Life of
Nathaniel Greene) (1893).
Greene, George Washington. An Ameri-
can historian, grandson of Gen. Nathaniel
Greene; born in East Greenwich, R. I. , April
8, 1811; died there, Feb. 2, 1883. Among his
works are: History and Geography of the
Middle Ages) (1851); (Historical View of the
American Revolution) (1865); "Life of Nathan-
iel Greene) (1867–71).
Greene, Homer. An American story-writer;
born at Ariel, Pa. , in 1853, and resides at Hones-
dale, Pa. He is the author of 'The Blind
Brother, a Story of the Pennsylvania Coal
Mines) (1887); (Burnham Breaker) (1887);
(Riverpark Rebellion.
Greene, Louisa Lelias, Hon. An English
writer of juveniles; born (third Lord Plunket's
daughter) in 1833. Her works, widely popular,
include: (A Winter and Summer at Burton
Hill (1861); Cushions and Corners) (1864);
(The Schoolboy Baronet) (1870); (Gilbert's
Shadow) (1875); (Jubilee Hall (1881). She
wrote with her cousin W. H. Wills the drama-
tist : (Drawing-Room Dramas); Prince Cree-
sus in Search of a Wife) (1873), a translation.
Greene, Robert. An English dramatist; born
in Norwich about 1560; died in London, Sept.
3, 1592. His works rank him as the most ori-
ginal and perhaps the ablest British dramatist
before Shakespeare: especially the History of
Orlando Furioso); (Comical History of Al-
phonsus, King of Aragon); (Honorable History
of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay); and (The
Scottish Historie of James IV. His pamphlets
and tracts, which he wrote with great rapidity
and ability, are noteworthy; Never Too Late)
and (Greene's Groat's Worth of Wit Bought
with a Million of Repentance being most
widely known. *
Greene, Mrs. Sarah Pratt (McLean). An
American novelist; born at Simsbury, Conn. , in
1858. She was educated at South Hadley Semi-
nary, and for several years taught school in
Plymouth, Mass. Her best-known novel is
(Cape Cod Folks) (1881). Among her other
works are: (Towhead, the Story of a Girl)
(1884); "Lastchance Junction (1889).
Greenough, Sarah Dana (Loring). An
American author; born in Boston, Feb. 19, 1827;
died in Franzensbad, Austria, Aug. 9, 1885.
Among her works are : (Treason at Home,' a
novel (3 vols. , 1865); (Arabesques) (1871); 'In
Extremis, a Story of a Broken Law) (1872);
and (Mary Magdalene,' a poem (1880).
Greenwood, Grace. See Lippincott.
Greey, Edward (grē). An English-American
story-writer; born in Sandwich, Kent, England,
Dec. I, 1835; died in New York, Oct. 1, 1888.
After spending several years in Japan, he came
to the United States in 1868, became a citizen,
and engaged in commercial pursuits in New
York. Among his plays are (Vendome) and
(Uncle Abner. His historical works include
(Young Americans in Japan (Boston, 1881),
and "The Wonderful City of Tokio. He wrote
a pleasing collection of Japanese short stories,
(The Golden Lotus, etc. (1883); (The Captive
of Love, founded on a Japanese romance;
translated (The Loyal Ronins); etc.
Greg, William Rathbone. A religious and
economic essayist; born in Manchester, Eng.
land, in 1809; died in 1881. In 1856 he be-
came a commissioner of customs, and in 1864
was appointed comptroller of the Stationery
Office. His views of life were profoundly
serious and even melancholy, and his works
exerted a great influence from their earnest-
ness and sincerity. The most important are :
(Sketches in Greece and Turkey) (1833); (The
German Schism and the Irish Priests) (1845);
(The Creed of Christendom (1851), his chief
work; Essays in Political and Social Science)
(1853); (Enigmas of Life) (1872); Literary
and Social Judgments) (1877).
Gregorovius, Ferdinand (greg--rõ'vē-ös).
A German historian and poet; born in Nei-
denburg, East Prussia, Jan. 19, 1821; died at
Munich, May 1, 1891. He studied severely at
Königsberg and at home, and wrote essays of
deep scholarship; (Socialistic Elements in
Goethe's Wilhelm Meister); a tragedy, “The
Death of Tiberius,' of the ripest historical learn-
ing; (Corsica); and other most authoritative
books of travel and description, based on close
personal study. He wrote also (Euphorion,'
an epic, and other poems of high repute. But
his historical works, of unsurpassed learning
and vivid realization of the spirit of their times,
are the most commanding monument of his
genius. (The City of Rome in the Middle
Ages, (Lucretia Borgia,' (Urban VIII. , (The
Monuments of the Popes,' and Athenais,' need
but be named.
Gregory, Robert. An English clergyman.
and writer; born in 1819. He received his edu.
cation at Oxford; was curate of St. Mary-the-
Less, Lambeth (1853-73); became canon of St.
Paul's in 1868, and dean in 1890 in succession
to Dean Church. Aside from his clerical duties,
he has devoted much attention to charitable
and educational work. Among his publications
are: (A Plea in Behalf of Small Parishes)
(1849); Lectures at St. Paul's) (1871-82); (Posi-
tion of the Celebrant Aspect in Convocation
(1875).
Greif, Martin (grif). [An adopted name. ]
A German poet and dramatist, son of Max
Frey the publicist; born in Speyer, June 18,
1839. Designed for public life, he preferred
the literary career. Hans Sachs,' a successful
## p. 233 (#249) ############################################
GREIFENSON - GRIEPENKERL
233
drama, was followed by a volume of poems,
the tragedies (Corfiz Ulfeldt, the Count Chan-
cellor of Denmark,' (Marino Faliero, the light
comedy "Walter's Return to his Country, and
numerous other works of high literary qualities
and scholarship. Strikingly successful plays
also are (Francesca da Rimini, and Agnes
Bernauer, the Angel of Augsburg. ' He is also
a noted lyric poet.
Greifenson. See Grimmelshausen.
Grein, J. T. An Anglo-Dutch attorney, jour-
nalist, playwright, and dramatic critic; born in
Amsterdam, Oct. II, 1862. He was educated
in Holland, Germany, and Belgium, and from
1879 to 1885 was engaged in the East India
trade and banking. He is at present an attor-
ney in London, besides being dramatic critic
of Life and the Westminster Review, London
editor of three papers in Holland, and corre-
spondent of several French and German jour-
nals. In 1891 he founded the Independent
Theatre Society. Besides (A Man's Love,
produced in 1889 with C. W. Jarvis as co-
author, and other plays, his works include
(in Dutch): Dramatic Essays) (1884); (Sil.
houettes) (short novels), published in 1885;
(London: Wealth and Poverty) (1890); ('Twixt
Light and Dark,' short stories.
Grénier, Édouard (grān-yā'). A French poet ;
born in Baumes-les-Dames, Doubs, in 1819. He
abandoned the diplomatic service for poetry.
(Little Poems) was his maiden collection ;
(The Death of the Wandering Jew) attained
repute for delicacy and suggestiveness, and
Dramatic Poems) for intense power. His
lines on (The Death of President Lincoln)
were crowned by the Academy.
Grenville-Murray, Eustace Clare. An
English descriptive and topical writer and di-
plomatist; born 1824; died Dec. 20, 1881. He
experimented unsuccessfully in fiction, and then
won reputation with French Pictures in Eng.
lish Chalks, a series of humorous sketches;
(History of the French Press) (1874); (Round
about France' (1878); and (Side Lights on
English Society) (3d ed. 1889). "The Member
for Paris) (1871) had some vogue.
Gresset, Jean Baptiste Louis de (gres-sā).
A French poet, dramatist, and satirist; born
in Amiens, Aug. 29, 1709; died there, June 16,
1777. Early a Jesuit and teacher, he gained
some repute from a pleasing ode (On the
Love of One's Native Land); and rose to
fame by (Vert-Vert,' a highly original and de-
liciously humorous verse narrative of a parrot
brought up in a nunnery but falling into evil
society. His tendency to burlesque and irrev.
erence in his poetry caused his expulsion from
the order on the appearance of “The Impro-
vised Carnival) and (The Living Reading-
Desk. ' He cared nothing for this, and shortly
after rose to the pinnacle of popularity through
(The Naughty Man. He entered the Academy
in 1748, and wrote much popular prose and
poetry; but later in life became alarmed con-
cerning his soul, and abjured all his writings.
Gréville, Henry (grā-vēl'), pseudonym of Ma-
dame Alice Durand. A French novelist;
born (Fleury) in Paris, Oct. 12, 1842. She
received her education in Russia, and began
her literary career with contributions to St.
Petersburg journals. Upon her marriage to
Prof. Émile Durand, she returned to France
and continued her literary activity, making use
of her Russian experiences in a series of novels
which became very popular, notably (Dosia)
and (The Expiation of Saveli. Her genius
is essentially realistic, with an occasional tend-
ency toward the romantic. (Cleopatra,' 'A
Russian Violin, (A Crime, and (An Ancient
Household, are types of this class of novel.
Greygon, Émile (gra-zôn”). A Belgian poet,
novelist, and essayist; born Aug. 17, 1823, in
Brussels, where he is a high educational offi.
cial. His early reputation was through poems,
stories, and essays in Belgian papers; his later
fame is European. Fiamma Colonna) and
(Tales of a Flemish Subject) are his best fic-
tions. His translations and literary papers in
the Belgian Review, etc. , make him a repre-
sentative man of letters at home.
Gribojedov, Alexander Sergeievich (grē-bo-
yā'dov). A Russian dramatic poet and states-
man; born in Moscow, Jan. 15, 1793; killed
at Teheran, Persia, Feb. II, 1829. A distin-
guished soldier and diplomat, he was assassin.
ated while minister to Persia, during an anti-
Russian tumult in Teheran. As a writer his
reputation rests mainly upon Knowledge
Brings Suffering,' a drama in verse, delineat.
ing Russian society with bitter fidelity. (A
Georgian Night) and a rendering of the Pre-
lude to Faust) are also creditable productions.
Grieben, Hermann (grē'ben). A German
poet and journalist; born in Köslin, Feb. 8,
1822; died at Cologne, Sept. 24, 1890. He
studied at Breslau and rose to prominence in
journalism, editing the Ostsee Zeitung, the
Kölnische Zeitung, and other equally important
sheets. He wrote (Too Late,' a tragedy, under
the pseudonym of « Roderick," and a valuable
volume on Dante; besides poems in three col-
lected editions, including “Voices of the Time. )
Griepenkerl, Wolfgang Robert (grēp'ben.
kārl). A German poet, dramatist, and essayist;
born in Hofwyl, Bern, Switzerland, May 4,
1810; died at Brunswick, Oct. 16, 1868. He be-
came a tutor and professor of literature soon
after the completion of his university course.
His Pictures from Classic Greece,' a collection
of poems, attracted attention, and an epic on
(The Sistine Madonna' made him celebrated.
He wrote several excellent works on music.
(Artistic Genius in German Literature during
the Last Century) was for years an authority
upon the subject. As a playwright, Maximil.
ian Robespierre) and (The Girondins) entitle
him to no minor place, and his "Ideal and
World) and (In the Upper Sphere have been
staged many times. He wrote a volume of
stories that possess merit.
## p. 234 (#250) ############################################
234
GRIESINGER-GRIMMELSHAUSEN
career.
Griesinger, Karl Theodor (grē'zing-er). A
German novelist and sketch-writer; born Dec.
II, 1809, in Kirnbach, in the Black Forest;
died at Stuttgart, March 2, 1884. He studied
theology at Tübingen and became a clergy.
man, then drifted into authorship. His first hit
was made with 'Silhouettes from Suabia'; and
he founded the Suabian Humorist, only to
meet ruin by the upheavals of 1848. After an-
other attempt to establish a popular paper, and
an ensuing term of imprisonment, he visited the
United States. Living Pictures from Amer-
ica); Emigrant Stories); (The Old Brewery,
or New York Mysteries of Crime); and (Vatican
Mysteries,' were written upon his return home.
Griffin, Gerald. An Irish novelist, dramatist,
and poet; born at Limerick, Dec. 12, 1803;
died at Cork, June 12, 1840. In 1823 he went
to London and embarked upon a literary
His first success in fiction was Hol-
land Tide; or Munster Popular Tales) (1827),
a series of short stories. (Tales of the Mun-
ster Festivals) (1827) also became speedily
popular, and (The Collegians) (1829), a second
series of the former, still further increased his
reputation; on it Dion Boucicault founded his
well-known play ( The Colleen Bawn. Among
his other works are: (Tales Illustrative of the
Five Senses) (1830); “The Invasion' (1832), a
historical novel; (Tales of my Neighborhood
(1835); “Gisippus, or the Forgotten Friend,' a
tragedy; and many spirited lyrics. *
Griffin, Gilderoy Wells. An American law-
yer and author; born in Louisville, Ky. , in
1840. He was educated at Louisville Univer-
sity, and admitted to the bar in 1861. He was
consul to Copenhagen in 1871; to the Samoan
Islands in 1876; to Auckland, New Zealand,
in 1879; and to Sydney, Australia, in 1884.
He wrote: (Studies in Literature (1870); (My
Danish Days) (1875); New Zealand : Her
Commerce and Resources) (1884); etc.
Griffis, William Elliot. An American author;
born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Sept. 17, 1843. His
published works are, in part : New Japan Se.
ries) Reading Books (5 vols. , Yokohama : 1872);
"The Mikado's Empire) (1876); “ Japanese Fairy
World' (1880); (Asiatic History) (1881).
Grigorovich, Dimitrij Vasilievich (grēg-
ôr'ā-vich). A Russian novelist and prose-writer;
born in Simbirsk, March 31, 1822. He be-
gan life as a civil engineer. His first stories,
(The Village) and (Anton the Unfortunate,
achieved wide popularity. (A Failure in Life,'
(The Fishers,' and (The Emigrants,' are real-
istic stories of village life which rank him
among the first of Russian novelists.
Grillparzer, Franz (gril'pärts-er). An Aus-
trian poet and dramatist of high rank; born
in Vienna, Jan. 15, 1791 ; died there, Jan. 21, 1872.
(Blanche of Castile, a tragedy, written at 17,
and “Spartacus,' a tragedy, showed genius; but
(The Ancestress) first called popular attention
)
to him. (Sappho, a tragedy based upon classi-
cal tradition, made him eminent in scholarship
also. (The Golden Fleece, (The Argonauts,
and Medea constitute a trilogy. “The Career
and End of King Ottokar, (A True Servant
of his Master,' and (Woe to Him who Lies)
call for mention; but his poem (Waves of
Ocean: Thrills of Love) is the supreme mani-
festation of his art. (In thy Camp is Austria ! )
a poem of the tiines, created a sensation. Later
works of note are (The Jewess of Toledo,'
(Fraternal Strife in the House of Hapsburg,'
and Libussa, plays published posthumously;
and a story, (The Poor Minstrel. *
Grimm, Herman (grim). A German essay-
ist, critic, and biographer, son of Wilhelm; born
in Cassel, Jan. 6, 1828. He was trained for the
law, but never practiced it. His most famous
work is his Life of Michael Angelo. Among
others, (Ten Essays Selected as an Introduc-
tion to the Study of Modern Art, Fifteen
Essays) (new series), and Life of Raphael,
are entitled to mention. *
Grimm, Jacob. A German philologist,
archæologist, and folk-lorist; born in Hanau,
Jan. 4, 1785; died at Berlin, Sept. 20, 1863. He
studied at Cassel and Marburg; and at 20 be.
came Savigny's assistant at Paris. His abili-
ties becoming renowned, he was sent as secre-
tary to the Hessian ambassador at the Vienna
Congress, and then to Paris to reclaim the
plundered treasures of German libraries. He
continued in similar employments with in-
creasing reputation till his liberalism in 1848
forced him out of public life. Thenceforward
till his death he busied himself with antiquarian
and philological researches. "The Poetry of
the Meistersingers,' a (German Grammar,'
(German Mythology, Antiquities of German
Jurisprudence, History of the German Lan.
guage,' and many similar works, cover the en-
tire field of their subjects, and are among the
chief creators of modern philology and its
methods. His popular fame rests upon his
collaboration with his brother Wilhelm in the
(Fables for Children' (Grimm's Fairy Tales),
universally known. *
Grimm, Wilhelm. A German philologist
and folk-lorist, brother of Jacob; born in Ha-
nau, Feb. 24, 1786; died at Berlin, Dec. 16,
1859. In their early work the brothers were
practically one: but to Wilhelm's taste, less
severely scientific than his brother's, belongs
the chief credit for the undertaking and exe-
cution of the Fables and other popular works;
and he made a special study of mediæval Ger-
man poetry, publishing (Old Danish Hero
Songs,' « The Song of Roland,' (German Hero
Songs,' and Mediæval German Topics. *
Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob Christoffel
von (grim'mels-hou-zen). [“Samuel Greifenson
v. Hirschfeld. ”] A German romance-writer;
born in Gelnhausen about 1625; died at Ren-
chen, Baden, Aug. 16, 1676. In youth he was a
military adventurer. According to some ac-
counts he served the Bishop of Strasburg for
time, and became a Catholic. He became
celebrated as the author of (The Adventures
## p. 235 (#251) ############################################
GRIMOD DE LA REYNIERE-GROSZMANN
235
are
of Simplicius Simplicissimus,' the life story of an old Chinese legend through its transforma-
a vagabond adventurer of the Thirty Years' tions in all literatures. "Kin-Ku-Ki-Kuan) is
War, who settles into a peaceful old age in a similar study. His editing of Schopenhauer
the Black Forest. His other romances -- " The has been very important.
World Inside Out, Joseph in Egypt,' and
Pluto's Council Chamber,' among them
Griswold, Hattie Tyng. An American writer
unimportant.
of prose and verse; born in Boston, Jan. 26,
1842. She wrote many tales and poems; pub-
Grimod de la Reynière (grē-mo' dė lä rān- lished (Apple Blossoms) (1878), and Home
yār'). A French wit and authority on gastron- Life of Great Authors) (1886). Under the
omy; born in Paris, Nov. 20, 1758; died at Daisies) is one of her best-known poems.
Villiers-sur-Orge, Dec. 25, 1837. He was de-
Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. An American
signed for the law, but chose letters and the
journalist and prose-writer; born in Benson,
pleasures of the table. The biting venom of
Vt. , Feb. 15, 1815; died in New York, Aug. 27,
his wit, added to a grotesque hideousness of
1857. He left the pulpit to enter journal-
aspect, made him renowned. His celebrity was
ism, and edited Graham's Magazine with signal
heightened by the eccentricities of his costly
ability. In 1852 he conducted the International
and delicious banquets. (Reflections on Pleas-
Magazine. His works include 'Poets and Poetry
ure,) (The Philosophical Lorgnette, and (The
of America, which reached twenty editions ;
Almanac of Gourmands,' are in the number of
(Poets and Poetry of England in the Nine-
his literary extravagances.
teenth Century); 'Prose Writers of America';
Grimthorpe, Edmund Beckett Denison, (Female Poets of America'; etc.
Lord. An English barrister and author; born
Grosse, Julius (gros'è). A very popular and
at Carlton Hall, Nottinghamshire, England,
prolific German poet, story-writer, and drama-
May 12, 1816. He was educated at Cambridge ; tist; born in Erfurt, April 25, 1828. He was
appointed chancellor and vicar-general of
successively lawyer, playwright, and journalist.
York in 1877; and has for many years been a
His poems include (The Maid of Capri, Pesach
leader of the Parliamentary bar. He has
Pardel,' and Against France. ) Among his
taken much interest in architecture, and de-
stories are: Untrue Through Sympathy); 'An
signed many churches and houses. His works
Old Love); A Revolutionist); and (Against
include: 'Origin of the Laws of Nature (1879);
the Stream,' dainty and interesting narratives.
(A Book on Building) (2d ed. 1880); (Should
A tragedy, (Tiberius, has been often staged.
the Revised New Testament be Authorized ? )
(1882); Astronomy without Mathematics) (7th
Grossi, Tommaso (gros'sē). An Italian poet
ed. 1883); (Treatise on Clocks, Watches, and
and romance-writer ; born in Bellano, Jan. 24,
Bells) (7th ed. 1883).
1791; died at Milan, Dec. 20, 1853. Satirically
pungent political poems, (The Fugitive,' a nar-
Gringoire, Pierre (gran-gwär'). A French rative in verse, made his reputation; and a
poet; born in Caen, about 1475; died about play, (Sforza, Duke of Milan) (in collabora-
1539. He made himself a sort of court poet tion), was a literary sensation. His (Ildegonda)
to Louis XII. , celebrating among other things is a poem on a mediæval legend ; (The Lom-
the conquest of Milan and the expedition bards in the First Crusade,' a happy essay in
against Naples. He was the creator of French metre; (Marco Visconti,' a historical romance.
political or topical drama, his best work in Of his lyrics, (The Swallow) has found most
that line being (The Game of the Prince of favor. Ulric and Lida) was his last work.
Fools,' in which the king is said to have col.
laborated; it was aimed against Pope Julius II. ,
Grosz, Ferdinand (gros). An Austrian jour-
He
as was his (Morality of the Obstinate Man.
nalist; born in Vienna, April 8, 1849.
wrote while still a boy; but his first success
His name figures in Victor Hugo's Notre
Dame.
was "Literary Music of the Future) (1877). Since
then he has traveled extensively and written
Grinnell, George Bird. An American orni-
for the best papers. (In Passing, (Unbound)
thologist, editor, and author; born in New (Passion-Play Letters,' (Leaves in the Wind,
York State in 1849. He is the editor of For- and other collections, have been very popular.
est and Stream. His works deal principally His poems. notably (Songs from the Mountain
with Indian life and folk-lore. Among the Tops,' and his plays, “The First Letter) and
best known are: (The Story of a Prairie Peo- (At Three o'Clock,' are of special merit.
ple); (The Story of the Indian); (Pawnee
Hero Stories and Folk Tales.
Groszmann, Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm
(gros'man). A German dramatist and actor;
Grisebach, Eduard (grē'ze-bäch). A Ger- born in Berlin, Nov. 30, 1746; died at Hanover,
man poet, critic, and historian of literature ; May 20, 1796. While in the diplomatic service,
born in Göttingen, Oct. 9, 1845. He was a con- he became intimate in a literary circle which
sular agent for many years. The New Tann- included Lessing; and successively wrote in a
häuser) and (Tannhäuser in Rome' represent few days each 'The Fire of Passion,' a com-
his poems. (German Literature since 1770) edy, and “Wilhelmine von Blondheim,' a tra-
and 'The Goethe Period of German Poetry) | gedy, which were extremely successful. Не
are masterpieces. He utilizes philological turned actor, rose to high reputation, and pro-
studies in (The Faithless Widow, in tracing duced much-admired comedies.
## p. 236 (#252) ############################################
236
GROTE-GRUPPE
Grote, George. An English historian of the
first order; born in Clay Hill, Kent, Nov. 17,
1794 ; died in London, June 18, 1871. He was
one of the most massive scholars of the century
in the classics and in logic, with a mind of
rare power, breadth, and discrimination. His
works on Plato and Aristotle, and various es-
says, are alone sufficient to give him a solid
reputation; and he was an able Parliament-
ary speaker and reformer. But his fame rests
on his epoch-making History of Greece) (12
vols. , 1845-56), the first ever written from a
democratic standpoint. *
Grotius, Hugo. A famous Dutch jurist and
scholar; born at Delft, April 10, 1583; died at
Rostock, Aug. 29. 1645. His treatise (On the
Law of War and Peace) made him the founder
of the modern science of international law.
He was also the author of important histori-
cal works and Biblical commentaries. Next
to Barneveld he was the Remonstrant leader in
Holland, and barely escaped sharing his fate.
Groto, Luigi (grö'to). An Italian poet,
called “the Blind Man of Adria)); born there,
Sept. 7, 1541; died at Venice, Dec. 13, 1585.
reached the highest point north attained up to
that time, but endured great suffering and loss
of men from cold and starvation. Among his
works are: (Three Years of Arctic Service)
(1886); (American Weather) (1888); Hand-
book of Arctic Discoveries,
Green, Anna Katharine - Mrs. Rohlfs. An
American author; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Nov.
II, 1846. She graduated at Ripley (female) Col-
lege, Poultney, Vt. , 1867. Her novels are detect-
ive stories, and enjoy great popularity. (The
Leavenworth Case) (1878) is one of her best.
Included in her publications are: (Risifi's
Daughter) (1866), a dramatic poem; «The
Sword of Damocles); A Strange Disappear.
ance); (Hand and Ring); (The Mill Mystery);
(Behind Closed Doors); (X, Y, Z'; (That
Affair Next Door); etc.
Green, John Richard. An English clergy-
man and historian; born in Oxford, 1837 ; died
at Mentone, France, March 7, 1883. He ruined
his health and died early through fiery zeal in
work among the London poor; much of his
vast research and his writing were done in bed.
The (Short History of the English People!
is perhaps the highest combination in his-
torical writing of sound scholarship, immense
and perfectly assimilated reading, and a liter-
ary style of great charm, lucidity, and swiftness.
(The Making of England and “The Conquest
of England) are studies of special periods. *
Green, Joseph. An American poet, - famed
for his loyalty to England; born in Boston,
Mass. , in 1706; died in London, England, Dec.
II, 1780; graduated at Harvard 1726. He was
a ready wit and satirist. His works include:
(The Wonderful Lament of Old Mr. Tenor)
(1744); (Poems and Satires) (1780).
Green, Matthew. A British poet; born in
1696 ; died in Nag's Head Court, in 1737. (The
Spleen, most noted of his poems for originality
and wit, was published (1737) after his death,
by his friend Richard Glover. It is one of the
best of its class, and was a favorite with Gray.
The familiar quotation «Fling but a stone, the
giant dies," is from this poem.
Green, Thomas Hill. An English philoso-
pher and humanist; born in Birkin, Yorkshire,
April 7, 1836; died at Oxford, March 26, 1882.
His profound learning and attractive personal
qualities made him a strong influence in British
thought, and the chief exponent of the Neo-
Hegelian movement. His works include: In-
troduction to Hume); (Treatise on Human
Nature); (Collected Writings); and Prolegom.
ena to Ethics. *
Greene, Aella. An American journalist and
poet; born in Chester, Mass. , in 1838. He is
connected with the press in Springfield, Mass.
His works include: Rhymes of Yankee-Land”;
(Into the Sunshine) (1881);“Stanza and Sequel
(1884); (Gathered from Life.
Greene, Albert Gorton. An American law.
yer and poet; born in Providence, R. I. , Feb.
10, 1802; died in Cleveland, O. , Jan. 4, 1868.
He wrote the famous poem Old Grimes. )
Greene, Asa. An American author; born in
Ashburnham, Mass. , 1788; died in New York
city, 1837. He graduated at Williams Col-
lege, and in 1827 received a degree from the
Berkshire Medical School. He was a book-
seller of the old-fashioned kind, and noted as
a humorist. He served for some time as edi.
tor of the New York Evening Transcript. His
publications include: Adventures of Dr. Dodi-
mus Duckworth, A. N. Q. ; to which is added,
the History of a Steam Doctor) (1833); and
Debtor's Prison (1837).
a
## p. 232 (#248) ############################################
232
GREENE - GREIF
26-166/2.
Greene, Francis Vinton. An American sol-
dier and author; born in Providence, R. I. ,
June 27, 1850. He graduated from West Point
in 1870, and served until 1880, when he resigned
with the rank of captain. He was assistant
astronomer on the Northwest Boundary Sur-
vey from 1872 to 1876, and was attached to
the headquarters of the Russian army during
the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. His chief
works are: “The Russian Army and its Cam-
paigns in Turkey) (1879); (Army Life in Rus-
sia) (1880); “The Mississippi? (1882); Life of
Nathaniel Greene) (1893).
Greene, George Washington. An Ameri-
can historian, grandson of Gen. Nathaniel
Greene; born in East Greenwich, R. I. , April
8, 1811; died there, Feb. 2, 1883. Among his
works are: History and Geography of the
Middle Ages) (1851); (Historical View of the
American Revolution) (1865); "Life of Nathan-
iel Greene) (1867–71).
Greene, Homer. An American story-writer;
born at Ariel, Pa. , in 1853, and resides at Hones-
dale, Pa. He is the author of 'The Blind
Brother, a Story of the Pennsylvania Coal
Mines) (1887); (Burnham Breaker) (1887);
(Riverpark Rebellion.
Greene, Louisa Lelias, Hon. An English
writer of juveniles; born (third Lord Plunket's
daughter) in 1833. Her works, widely popular,
include: (A Winter and Summer at Burton
Hill (1861); Cushions and Corners) (1864);
(The Schoolboy Baronet) (1870); (Gilbert's
Shadow) (1875); (Jubilee Hall (1881). She
wrote with her cousin W. H. Wills the drama-
tist : (Drawing-Room Dramas); Prince Cree-
sus in Search of a Wife) (1873), a translation.
Greene, Robert. An English dramatist; born
in Norwich about 1560; died in London, Sept.
3, 1592. His works rank him as the most ori-
ginal and perhaps the ablest British dramatist
before Shakespeare: especially the History of
Orlando Furioso); (Comical History of Al-
phonsus, King of Aragon); (Honorable History
of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay); and (The
Scottish Historie of James IV. His pamphlets
and tracts, which he wrote with great rapidity
and ability, are noteworthy; Never Too Late)
and (Greene's Groat's Worth of Wit Bought
with a Million of Repentance being most
widely known. *
Greene, Mrs. Sarah Pratt (McLean). An
American novelist; born at Simsbury, Conn. , in
1858. She was educated at South Hadley Semi-
nary, and for several years taught school in
Plymouth, Mass. Her best-known novel is
(Cape Cod Folks) (1881). Among her other
works are: (Towhead, the Story of a Girl)
(1884); "Lastchance Junction (1889).
Greenough, Sarah Dana (Loring). An
American author; born in Boston, Feb. 19, 1827;
died in Franzensbad, Austria, Aug. 9, 1885.
Among her works are : (Treason at Home,' a
novel (3 vols. , 1865); (Arabesques) (1871); 'In
Extremis, a Story of a Broken Law) (1872);
and (Mary Magdalene,' a poem (1880).
Greenwood, Grace. See Lippincott.
Greey, Edward (grē). An English-American
story-writer; born in Sandwich, Kent, England,
Dec. I, 1835; died in New York, Oct. 1, 1888.
After spending several years in Japan, he came
to the United States in 1868, became a citizen,
and engaged in commercial pursuits in New
York. Among his plays are (Vendome) and
(Uncle Abner. His historical works include
(Young Americans in Japan (Boston, 1881),
and "The Wonderful City of Tokio. He wrote
a pleasing collection of Japanese short stories,
(The Golden Lotus, etc. (1883); (The Captive
of Love, founded on a Japanese romance;
translated (The Loyal Ronins); etc.
Greg, William Rathbone. A religious and
economic essayist; born in Manchester, Eng.
land, in 1809; died in 1881. In 1856 he be-
came a commissioner of customs, and in 1864
was appointed comptroller of the Stationery
Office. His views of life were profoundly
serious and even melancholy, and his works
exerted a great influence from their earnest-
ness and sincerity. The most important are :
(Sketches in Greece and Turkey) (1833); (The
German Schism and the Irish Priests) (1845);
(The Creed of Christendom (1851), his chief
work; Essays in Political and Social Science)
(1853); (Enigmas of Life) (1872); Literary
and Social Judgments) (1877).
Gregorovius, Ferdinand (greg--rõ'vē-ös).
A German historian and poet; born in Nei-
denburg, East Prussia, Jan. 19, 1821; died at
Munich, May 1, 1891. He studied severely at
Königsberg and at home, and wrote essays of
deep scholarship; (Socialistic Elements in
Goethe's Wilhelm Meister); a tragedy, “The
Death of Tiberius,' of the ripest historical learn-
ing; (Corsica); and other most authoritative
books of travel and description, based on close
personal study. He wrote also (Euphorion,'
an epic, and other poems of high repute. But
his historical works, of unsurpassed learning
and vivid realization of the spirit of their times,
are the most commanding monument of his
genius. (The City of Rome in the Middle
Ages, (Lucretia Borgia,' (Urban VIII. , (The
Monuments of the Popes,' and Athenais,' need
but be named.
Gregory, Robert. An English clergyman.
and writer; born in 1819. He received his edu.
cation at Oxford; was curate of St. Mary-the-
Less, Lambeth (1853-73); became canon of St.
Paul's in 1868, and dean in 1890 in succession
to Dean Church. Aside from his clerical duties,
he has devoted much attention to charitable
and educational work. Among his publications
are: (A Plea in Behalf of Small Parishes)
(1849); Lectures at St. Paul's) (1871-82); (Posi-
tion of the Celebrant Aspect in Convocation
(1875).
Greif, Martin (grif). [An adopted name. ]
A German poet and dramatist, son of Max
Frey the publicist; born in Speyer, June 18,
1839. Designed for public life, he preferred
the literary career. Hans Sachs,' a successful
## p. 233 (#249) ############################################
GREIFENSON - GRIEPENKERL
233
drama, was followed by a volume of poems,
the tragedies (Corfiz Ulfeldt, the Count Chan-
cellor of Denmark,' (Marino Faliero, the light
comedy "Walter's Return to his Country, and
numerous other works of high literary qualities
and scholarship. Strikingly successful plays
also are (Francesca da Rimini, and Agnes
Bernauer, the Angel of Augsburg. ' He is also
a noted lyric poet.
Greifenson. See Grimmelshausen.
Grein, J. T. An Anglo-Dutch attorney, jour-
nalist, playwright, and dramatic critic; born in
Amsterdam, Oct. II, 1862. He was educated
in Holland, Germany, and Belgium, and from
1879 to 1885 was engaged in the East India
trade and banking. He is at present an attor-
ney in London, besides being dramatic critic
of Life and the Westminster Review, London
editor of three papers in Holland, and corre-
spondent of several French and German jour-
nals. In 1891 he founded the Independent
Theatre Society. Besides (A Man's Love,
produced in 1889 with C. W. Jarvis as co-
author, and other plays, his works include
(in Dutch): Dramatic Essays) (1884); (Sil.
houettes) (short novels), published in 1885;
(London: Wealth and Poverty) (1890); ('Twixt
Light and Dark,' short stories.
Grénier, Édouard (grān-yā'). A French poet ;
born in Baumes-les-Dames, Doubs, in 1819. He
abandoned the diplomatic service for poetry.
(Little Poems) was his maiden collection ;
(The Death of the Wandering Jew) attained
repute for delicacy and suggestiveness, and
Dramatic Poems) for intense power. His
lines on (The Death of President Lincoln)
were crowned by the Academy.
Grenville-Murray, Eustace Clare. An
English descriptive and topical writer and di-
plomatist; born 1824; died Dec. 20, 1881. He
experimented unsuccessfully in fiction, and then
won reputation with French Pictures in Eng.
lish Chalks, a series of humorous sketches;
(History of the French Press) (1874); (Round
about France' (1878); and (Side Lights on
English Society) (3d ed. 1889). "The Member
for Paris) (1871) had some vogue.
Gresset, Jean Baptiste Louis de (gres-sā).
A French poet, dramatist, and satirist; born
in Amiens, Aug. 29, 1709; died there, June 16,
1777. Early a Jesuit and teacher, he gained
some repute from a pleasing ode (On the
Love of One's Native Land); and rose to
fame by (Vert-Vert,' a highly original and de-
liciously humorous verse narrative of a parrot
brought up in a nunnery but falling into evil
society. His tendency to burlesque and irrev.
erence in his poetry caused his expulsion from
the order on the appearance of “The Impro-
vised Carnival) and (The Living Reading-
Desk. ' He cared nothing for this, and shortly
after rose to the pinnacle of popularity through
(The Naughty Man. He entered the Academy
in 1748, and wrote much popular prose and
poetry; but later in life became alarmed con-
cerning his soul, and abjured all his writings.
Gréville, Henry (grā-vēl'), pseudonym of Ma-
dame Alice Durand. A French novelist;
born (Fleury) in Paris, Oct. 12, 1842. She
received her education in Russia, and began
her literary career with contributions to St.
Petersburg journals. Upon her marriage to
Prof. Émile Durand, she returned to France
and continued her literary activity, making use
of her Russian experiences in a series of novels
which became very popular, notably (Dosia)
and (The Expiation of Saveli. Her genius
is essentially realistic, with an occasional tend-
ency toward the romantic. (Cleopatra,' 'A
Russian Violin, (A Crime, and (An Ancient
Household, are types of this class of novel.
Greygon, Émile (gra-zôn”). A Belgian poet,
novelist, and essayist; born Aug. 17, 1823, in
Brussels, where he is a high educational offi.
cial. His early reputation was through poems,
stories, and essays in Belgian papers; his later
fame is European. Fiamma Colonna) and
(Tales of a Flemish Subject) are his best fic-
tions. His translations and literary papers in
the Belgian Review, etc. , make him a repre-
sentative man of letters at home.
Gribojedov, Alexander Sergeievich (grē-bo-
yā'dov). A Russian dramatic poet and states-
man; born in Moscow, Jan. 15, 1793; killed
at Teheran, Persia, Feb. II, 1829. A distin-
guished soldier and diplomat, he was assassin.
ated while minister to Persia, during an anti-
Russian tumult in Teheran. As a writer his
reputation rests mainly upon Knowledge
Brings Suffering,' a drama in verse, delineat.
ing Russian society with bitter fidelity. (A
Georgian Night) and a rendering of the Pre-
lude to Faust) are also creditable productions.
Grieben, Hermann (grē'ben). A German
poet and journalist; born in Köslin, Feb. 8,
1822; died at Cologne, Sept. 24, 1890. He
studied at Breslau and rose to prominence in
journalism, editing the Ostsee Zeitung, the
Kölnische Zeitung, and other equally important
sheets. He wrote (Too Late,' a tragedy, under
the pseudonym of « Roderick," and a valuable
volume on Dante; besides poems in three col-
lected editions, including “Voices of the Time. )
Griepenkerl, Wolfgang Robert (grēp'ben.
kārl). A German poet, dramatist, and essayist;
born in Hofwyl, Bern, Switzerland, May 4,
1810; died at Brunswick, Oct. 16, 1868. He be-
came a tutor and professor of literature soon
after the completion of his university course.
His Pictures from Classic Greece,' a collection
of poems, attracted attention, and an epic on
(The Sistine Madonna' made him celebrated.
He wrote several excellent works on music.
(Artistic Genius in German Literature during
the Last Century) was for years an authority
upon the subject. As a playwright, Maximil.
ian Robespierre) and (The Girondins) entitle
him to no minor place, and his "Ideal and
World) and (In the Upper Sphere have been
staged many times. He wrote a volume of
stories that possess merit.
## p. 234 (#250) ############################################
234
GRIESINGER-GRIMMELSHAUSEN
career.
Griesinger, Karl Theodor (grē'zing-er). A
German novelist and sketch-writer; born Dec.
II, 1809, in Kirnbach, in the Black Forest;
died at Stuttgart, March 2, 1884. He studied
theology at Tübingen and became a clergy.
man, then drifted into authorship. His first hit
was made with 'Silhouettes from Suabia'; and
he founded the Suabian Humorist, only to
meet ruin by the upheavals of 1848. After an-
other attempt to establish a popular paper, and
an ensuing term of imprisonment, he visited the
United States. Living Pictures from Amer-
ica); Emigrant Stories); (The Old Brewery,
or New York Mysteries of Crime); and (Vatican
Mysteries,' were written upon his return home.
Griffin, Gerald. An Irish novelist, dramatist,
and poet; born at Limerick, Dec. 12, 1803;
died at Cork, June 12, 1840. In 1823 he went
to London and embarked upon a literary
His first success in fiction was Hol-
land Tide; or Munster Popular Tales) (1827),
a series of short stories. (Tales of the Mun-
ster Festivals) (1827) also became speedily
popular, and (The Collegians) (1829), a second
series of the former, still further increased his
reputation; on it Dion Boucicault founded his
well-known play ( The Colleen Bawn. Among
his other works are: (Tales Illustrative of the
Five Senses) (1830); “The Invasion' (1832), a
historical novel; (Tales of my Neighborhood
(1835); “Gisippus, or the Forgotten Friend,' a
tragedy; and many spirited lyrics. *
Griffin, Gilderoy Wells. An American law-
yer and author; born in Louisville, Ky. , in
1840. He was educated at Louisville Univer-
sity, and admitted to the bar in 1861. He was
consul to Copenhagen in 1871; to the Samoan
Islands in 1876; to Auckland, New Zealand,
in 1879; and to Sydney, Australia, in 1884.
He wrote: (Studies in Literature (1870); (My
Danish Days) (1875); New Zealand : Her
Commerce and Resources) (1884); etc.
Griffis, William Elliot. An American author;
born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Sept. 17, 1843. His
published works are, in part : New Japan Se.
ries) Reading Books (5 vols. , Yokohama : 1872);
"The Mikado's Empire) (1876); “ Japanese Fairy
World' (1880); (Asiatic History) (1881).
Grigorovich, Dimitrij Vasilievich (grēg-
ôr'ā-vich). A Russian novelist and prose-writer;
born in Simbirsk, March 31, 1822. He be-
gan life as a civil engineer. His first stories,
(The Village) and (Anton the Unfortunate,
achieved wide popularity. (A Failure in Life,'
(The Fishers,' and (The Emigrants,' are real-
istic stories of village life which rank him
among the first of Russian novelists.
Grillparzer, Franz (gril'pärts-er). An Aus-
trian poet and dramatist of high rank; born
in Vienna, Jan. 15, 1791 ; died there, Jan. 21, 1872.
(Blanche of Castile, a tragedy, written at 17,
and “Spartacus,' a tragedy, showed genius; but
(The Ancestress) first called popular attention
)
to him. (Sappho, a tragedy based upon classi-
cal tradition, made him eminent in scholarship
also. (The Golden Fleece, (The Argonauts,
and Medea constitute a trilogy. “The Career
and End of King Ottokar, (A True Servant
of his Master,' and (Woe to Him who Lies)
call for mention; but his poem (Waves of
Ocean: Thrills of Love) is the supreme mani-
festation of his art. (In thy Camp is Austria ! )
a poem of the tiines, created a sensation. Later
works of note are (The Jewess of Toledo,'
(Fraternal Strife in the House of Hapsburg,'
and Libussa, plays published posthumously;
and a story, (The Poor Minstrel. *
Grimm, Herman (grim). A German essay-
ist, critic, and biographer, son of Wilhelm; born
in Cassel, Jan. 6, 1828. He was trained for the
law, but never practiced it. His most famous
work is his Life of Michael Angelo. Among
others, (Ten Essays Selected as an Introduc-
tion to the Study of Modern Art, Fifteen
Essays) (new series), and Life of Raphael,
are entitled to mention. *
Grimm, Jacob. A German philologist,
archæologist, and folk-lorist; born in Hanau,
Jan. 4, 1785; died at Berlin, Sept. 20, 1863. He
studied at Cassel and Marburg; and at 20 be.
came Savigny's assistant at Paris. His abili-
ties becoming renowned, he was sent as secre-
tary to the Hessian ambassador at the Vienna
Congress, and then to Paris to reclaim the
plundered treasures of German libraries. He
continued in similar employments with in-
creasing reputation till his liberalism in 1848
forced him out of public life. Thenceforward
till his death he busied himself with antiquarian
and philological researches. "The Poetry of
the Meistersingers,' a (German Grammar,'
(German Mythology, Antiquities of German
Jurisprudence, History of the German Lan.
guage,' and many similar works, cover the en-
tire field of their subjects, and are among the
chief creators of modern philology and its
methods. His popular fame rests upon his
collaboration with his brother Wilhelm in the
(Fables for Children' (Grimm's Fairy Tales),
universally known. *
Grimm, Wilhelm. A German philologist
and folk-lorist, brother of Jacob; born in Ha-
nau, Feb. 24, 1786; died at Berlin, Dec. 16,
1859. In their early work the brothers were
practically one: but to Wilhelm's taste, less
severely scientific than his brother's, belongs
the chief credit for the undertaking and exe-
cution of the Fables and other popular works;
and he made a special study of mediæval Ger-
man poetry, publishing (Old Danish Hero
Songs,' « The Song of Roland,' (German Hero
Songs,' and Mediæval German Topics. *
Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob Christoffel
von (grim'mels-hou-zen). [“Samuel Greifenson
v. Hirschfeld. ”] A German romance-writer;
born in Gelnhausen about 1625; died at Ren-
chen, Baden, Aug. 16, 1676. In youth he was a
military adventurer. According to some ac-
counts he served the Bishop of Strasburg for
time, and became a Catholic. He became
celebrated as the author of (The Adventures
## p. 235 (#251) ############################################
GRIMOD DE LA REYNIERE-GROSZMANN
235
are
of Simplicius Simplicissimus,' the life story of an old Chinese legend through its transforma-
a vagabond adventurer of the Thirty Years' tions in all literatures. "Kin-Ku-Ki-Kuan) is
War, who settles into a peaceful old age in a similar study. His editing of Schopenhauer
the Black Forest. His other romances -- " The has been very important.
World Inside Out, Joseph in Egypt,' and
Pluto's Council Chamber,' among them
Griswold, Hattie Tyng. An American writer
unimportant.
of prose and verse; born in Boston, Jan. 26,
1842. She wrote many tales and poems; pub-
Grimod de la Reynière (grē-mo' dė lä rān- lished (Apple Blossoms) (1878), and Home
yār'). A French wit and authority on gastron- Life of Great Authors) (1886). Under the
omy; born in Paris, Nov. 20, 1758; died at Daisies) is one of her best-known poems.
Villiers-sur-Orge, Dec. 25, 1837. He was de-
Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. An American
signed for the law, but chose letters and the
journalist and prose-writer; born in Benson,
pleasures of the table. The biting venom of
Vt. , Feb. 15, 1815; died in New York, Aug. 27,
his wit, added to a grotesque hideousness of
1857. He left the pulpit to enter journal-
aspect, made him renowned. His celebrity was
ism, and edited Graham's Magazine with signal
heightened by the eccentricities of his costly
ability. In 1852 he conducted the International
and delicious banquets. (Reflections on Pleas-
Magazine. His works include 'Poets and Poetry
ure,) (The Philosophical Lorgnette, and (The
of America, which reached twenty editions ;
Almanac of Gourmands,' are in the number of
(Poets and Poetry of England in the Nine-
his literary extravagances.
teenth Century); 'Prose Writers of America';
Grimthorpe, Edmund Beckett Denison, (Female Poets of America'; etc.
Lord. An English barrister and author; born
Grosse, Julius (gros'è). A very popular and
at Carlton Hall, Nottinghamshire, England,
prolific German poet, story-writer, and drama-
May 12, 1816. He was educated at Cambridge ; tist; born in Erfurt, April 25, 1828. He was
appointed chancellor and vicar-general of
successively lawyer, playwright, and journalist.
York in 1877; and has for many years been a
His poems include (The Maid of Capri, Pesach
leader of the Parliamentary bar. He has
Pardel,' and Against France. ) Among his
taken much interest in architecture, and de-
stories are: Untrue Through Sympathy); 'An
signed many churches and houses. His works
Old Love); A Revolutionist); and (Against
include: 'Origin of the Laws of Nature (1879);
the Stream,' dainty and interesting narratives.
(A Book on Building) (2d ed. 1880); (Should
A tragedy, (Tiberius, has been often staged.
the Revised New Testament be Authorized ? )
(1882); Astronomy without Mathematics) (7th
Grossi, Tommaso (gros'sē). An Italian poet
ed. 1883); (Treatise on Clocks, Watches, and
and romance-writer ; born in Bellano, Jan. 24,
Bells) (7th ed. 1883).
1791; died at Milan, Dec. 20, 1853. Satirically
pungent political poems, (The Fugitive,' a nar-
Gringoire, Pierre (gran-gwär'). A French rative in verse, made his reputation; and a
poet; born in Caen, about 1475; died about play, (Sforza, Duke of Milan) (in collabora-
1539. He made himself a sort of court poet tion), was a literary sensation. His (Ildegonda)
to Louis XII. , celebrating among other things is a poem on a mediæval legend ; (The Lom-
the conquest of Milan and the expedition bards in the First Crusade,' a happy essay in
against Naples. He was the creator of French metre; (Marco Visconti,' a historical romance.
political or topical drama, his best work in Of his lyrics, (The Swallow) has found most
that line being (The Game of the Prince of favor. Ulric and Lida) was his last work.
Fools,' in which the king is said to have col.
laborated; it was aimed against Pope Julius II. ,
Grosz, Ferdinand (gros). An Austrian jour-
He
as was his (Morality of the Obstinate Man.
nalist; born in Vienna, April 8, 1849.
wrote while still a boy; but his first success
His name figures in Victor Hugo's Notre
Dame.
was "Literary Music of the Future) (1877). Since
then he has traveled extensively and written
Grinnell, George Bird. An American orni-
for the best papers. (In Passing, (Unbound)
thologist, editor, and author; born in New (Passion-Play Letters,' (Leaves in the Wind,
York State in 1849. He is the editor of For- and other collections, have been very popular.
est and Stream. His works deal principally His poems. notably (Songs from the Mountain
with Indian life and folk-lore. Among the Tops,' and his plays, “The First Letter) and
best known are: (The Story of a Prairie Peo- (At Three o'Clock,' are of special merit.
ple); (The Story of the Indian); (Pawnee
Hero Stories and Folk Tales.
Groszmann, Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm
(gros'man). A German dramatist and actor;
Grisebach, Eduard (grē'ze-bäch). A Ger- born in Berlin, Nov. 30, 1746; died at Hanover,
man poet, critic, and historian of literature ; May 20, 1796. While in the diplomatic service,
born in Göttingen, Oct. 9, 1845. He was a con- he became intimate in a literary circle which
sular agent for many years. The New Tann- included Lessing; and successively wrote in a
häuser) and (Tannhäuser in Rome' represent few days each 'The Fire of Passion,' a com-
his poems. (German Literature since 1770) edy, and “Wilhelmine von Blondheim,' a tra-
and 'The Goethe Period of German Poetry) | gedy, which were extremely successful. Не
are masterpieces. He utilizes philological turned actor, rose to high reputation, and pro-
studies in (The Faithless Widow, in tracing duced much-admired comedies.
## p. 236 (#252) ############################################
236
GROTE-GRUPPE
Grote, George. An English historian of the
first order; born in Clay Hill, Kent, Nov. 17,
1794 ; died in London, June 18, 1871. He was
one of the most massive scholars of the century
in the classics and in logic, with a mind of
rare power, breadth, and discrimination. His
works on Plato and Aristotle, and various es-
says, are alone sufficient to give him a solid
reputation; and he was an able Parliament-
ary speaker and reformer. But his fame rests
on his epoch-making History of Greece) (12
vols. , 1845-56), the first ever written from a
democratic standpoint. *
Grotius, Hugo. A famous Dutch jurist and
scholar; born at Delft, April 10, 1583; died at
Rostock, Aug. 29. 1645. His treatise (On the
Law of War and Peace) made him the founder
of the modern science of international law.
He was also the author of important histori-
cal works and Biblical commentaries. Next
to Barneveld he was the Remonstrant leader in
Holland, and barely escaped sharing his fate.
Groto, Luigi (grö'to). An Italian poet,
called “the Blind Man of Adria)); born there,
Sept. 7, 1541; died at Venice, Dec. 13, 1585.
