18 " The ancients were
acquainted
with it
under various names.
under various names.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v7
[Sixth Cetitury.
~\ Among the Scottish Entries in the
1
Kalendar of David Camerarius, as found in Bishop Forbes' work, there is a
festival set down for St. Cahinnicus, Abbot, at the and of June. The Bollan-
dists 2 this copy
remark, that his Acts more
but
refer to the nth of October, at which date they were destined for further
illustration.
Article IV. —Festival of St. Euticius, Martyr, at Rome. The Martyr Euticius was honoured with a festival, in the ancient Church of Ireland,
stated in the "Feilire" of St.
^Engus.
1 To this, the commentator has added
notice, likewise,
they
properly
This we know from the " Feilire " of St. 1 where ^Engus,
on the 2nd of
he is called a Bishop.
old Martyrology of St. Jerome, and the Bollandists
little in addition, at this date, to elucidate his period and sufferings.
Article V. —Feast of Saints Processus and Martinianus, Martyrs at Rome. There was a festival, for the holy Martyrs Processus and Martinianus at Rome, held in the old Irish Church at the 2nd of July, and as
July.
This notice seems to have been extracted from the
an explanatory note. 2 The Acts of their martyrdom are given by the Bollan-
dists,3 from Surius, with a previous commentary, in three sections and in
seventeen paragraphs, at this same date.
CftfrU 2Bap of SWp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. GERMAN, FIRST BISHOP OF THE ISLE OF MAN. [FIFTH CENTURY. ]
limit
NOTWITHSTANDpIreNsGent holy regarded
early veneration, and that he should be considered as the first missionary
Article hi. — * Thus : "2 Die. Sanctus Cahinnicus Abbas miraculis et vitae puritate apud Hebridianos et Orcadienses Scotos Celebris. "—" Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 238.
2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii ii. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 294.
Article iv. — * The following stanza, and its translation from the Irish, are from the Leabhar Br-eac copy, in the Royal Irish Academy:—
CAimuHiOucAicefpoc
OAtnAfi
pAif p|\ocefp f^S^ HiAr mon tTUnciAui.
tinianus. "—" Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus, p. cix.
2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , Julii ii. De S. Euticio Martyre Romano, p. 306. Edited by Father John Baptist Soller, S. J.
Articlev. —x SeeLeabharBreaccopy, Royal Irish Academy, and Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript
Series,vol. i. , parti.
Oengus. By Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , p. cix.
2 Thus " Marciani vel martiani . i. pro :
marticiani per concisionem mediae — in sjjlabs
utroque nomine vel martiniani. " Ibid. , p. cxv.
conani
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , "The death-bed of bishop Euticius of Julii ii. De Sanctis Processo et Martiniano Damasus with splendour : the passion of Martyribus Romre, pp. 300 to 305. Edited
kingly Processus : the great torture of Mar- by Father John Baptist Soller, S. J.
2
appear to have gleaned
historic doubts—justifiable within a certain
as an —that the man should be having
On the Calendar of
3 8 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 3.
Bishop in the Isle of Man, a constant tradition has there prevailed, that his
mission was delegated to him from Ireland, in its first century of Christianity, and that he had then been classed among the disciples of St. Patrick. 1 He
2 The Bollandists have published some brief notices of this saint,3 in three paragraphs. Notices of him occur in Bishop Challenor's * work. We know few particulars of an authentic character
regarding him ; and, we are left in a state of uncertainty, respecting the country and parentage of the present holy man, who appears to have been a native of France or of Great Britain. But, whether he had been baptized in the Christian Faith at an early age, or whether he had received first instruc- tion from the Irish Apostle, must be a matter left for further historic investi-
gation.
Inthefifthcentury,lielived,accordingtoageneralsupposition; whilesome
writers maintain, that the present German 5 was not a distinct person from St. Germanus of Auxerre,6 to whom the cathedral of Man was dedicated. ?
is also called
Jarmanus.
one 8 hasit,9thattheGermanofManhadbeenconsecrated opinion
Bishop by Pope Celestine I. , after his appointment as a Canon of St. John Lateran's
church, in Rome. It is stated, also, that the dignity of Bishop was conferred on him, when the Irish Apostle had been elevated to that distinguished office. 10 This is improbable, for it does not rest on any well sustained evidence. We are informed, 11 however, that St. German became a disciple of St. Patrick. 12 By the illustrious Irish Apostle, he was called to the ministry; but, whether in Ireland or in Great Britain has not transpired.
in that the harvest was Finding Ireland,
great,
Patrick passed over into Britain, about the year 447,I4 according to a gene-
rally received opinion. The Irish Apostle proposed to procure a number of learned and religious men, to be his assistants in the work of the Gospel. We are informed, also, that he desired to remove the Arian and Pelagian heresy from Britain, at this time. After a short stay in Britain, he returned to Ireland, accompanied by a great many notable labourers. No fewer than
of these were afterwards made
thirty Bishops.
T 5 —
ism,
10 and it is
supposed
Long before the time—of this great Apostle, the Isle of Man inhabited
by an ancient Celtic race
seems to have been under the influence of druid-
that several of their monuments remain. Its yet
remotehistoryisnotverywellknown. Atanearlyperiod,itwassubjectto
1
the King of North Wales. In the fourtr century, ? the Scots are said to have
Article i. — * See
Colgan's
" Trias
8 That of who refers to the Office Colgan,
f the Canons Regular of Lateran.
9 See "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita
S. Patricii, cap. xcii. , n. 103, p. 113.
I0 See Prima ad Acta S. ibid. , Appendix
Patricii, Lect. v. , p. 196.
ll
Thaumaturga," Quinta Appendix ad Acta
S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 266.
a
pp. 667.
* See "Britannia Sancta," part ii. , July
3rd, pp. 8, 9.
sit may be observed, a St. Germanus, a
Martyr at Tarsus. , in Cilicia, was venerated, likewise, on this day, July 3rd.
By Castellan. 3 See "Acta
tomus Julii iii. I)e S. Germano Episcopo, in Mantua sive Mona, Maris Hibernici Insula,
Sanctorum,"
i. ,
6
of
31st July.
7 See what has been written already in the
life of Maguil, or Machaldus, Patron and Bishop, in the Isle of Man, in the Fourth Volume of this work, at the 25th of April, Art. i.
I3 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xcii. , p. 86.
m See Ussher's "Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquitates," Index Chronologicus, p. 518.
Js See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
This holy Bishop is venerated, on the
but the labourers T 3 St. few,
By Jocelyn, the monk of Furness. ""
See Colgan's Trias Thaumaturga," Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 266.
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xcii. , p. 86. ,6 "
See Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
p. 85.
"7 According to Paulus Orosius, in his
July 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 39 inhabited Monaor Mevania 18—ajncient names for Man 1 ? —as also Hibernia.
To reclaim its inhabitants from their 30 as also from their superstitions,
mystic and druidic rites, the Irish Apostle turned his attention to this Isle, when he
had laboured with success in Ireland. He thereupon sailed over t—o Man.
who lived for
—some time on an Island or Peninsula
which
St.
afterwards bore his name wrought miracles while he was there, and he
people
33
the Isle of Man. - His mission was consolidated, by the erection of a church,
2
some are of opinion, that Sodor had been situated in the celebrated Isle of Iona, others state, that it was in Man itself. Again, it has been asserted, that after the Danes and Norwegians held sway over this Island in the eleventh century, as also over Dublin and Fingal, together with the Hebrides of Scot-
"
Patrick,
laboured to the gain
2I over to the truths of
22 He then
religion.
pointed one of his disciples, named Germanus, a wise and holy man, to be direc- tor over this new church. He is said to have been consecrated as first Bishop of
which was the first known to exist in the Isle
and this formed the nucleus of a See, Sodor and Man, * the origin of which is rather obscure, but it is said to have been so constituted by Pope Gregory IV. ,25 at Sodor. While
land \ these western clusters were divided into Norder, meaning
northern,"
and Sudor, meaning " southern," in the Norwegian language, Man being included in the Sudor, and Sodor thus became the title for its See. 20
The church of St. Germanus was built on an Island promontory, called after St. Patrick. 2 7 It has also been called Kirck-Jarmans, and it is situated near Peel Castle, being nearly surrounded by the sea, and isolated in posi-
but, when the tide is out, the water is scarcely mid-leg deep, being only separatedbyalittlerivulet,whichflowsfromKirk-JarmynMountains. The present ruinous cathedral 20 is thought to have stood on the site of a more ancient church. It was constructed, about the year 1245,3° and it is built in
28 on the western side of the
near the
The channel which divides it from the mainland at high water is very deep ;
tion,
Isle,
margin
of a
spacious bay
"
Universelle Ancienne et Mo-
" 22 "
work, Adversus Paganos Historiarum
Libri VII. ," lib. i. , cap. 2. This work only
comes down to a. d. 316. Leyden, 1738 or
1767, 4to. This writer flourished about the
beginning of the fifth century. See Michaud's
According to the Chronicon Manniae," St. Patrick was the first to preach the Catho- lie Faith to the Maux. See Ussher's "Bri- tannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xv. , p. 335.
23 See "The Beauties of and England
Wales ; or Delineations, Topographical, Historical and Descriptive," vol. iii. The Isle of Man, p. 269.
24 According to Gough's Camden's "Bri- tannia," vol. iii. , p. 701.
Biographie
derne," tome xxxi. , p. 409.
18 " The ancients were acquainted with it
under various names. Caesar distinguishes it
by that of Mona ; Ptolemy calls it Monczda,
or the more remote Mona, to distinguish it
from the Mona of Tacitus. Anglesea, Pliny
History
By John Britton and Edward Wedlake ecclesiastical antiquities of this Island.
styles it Monabia; Orosius, Mevania; and Nennius, Eubonia and Manaw. The appel- lation given to it by the Britons was Menaw; the natives call it Manning. " —" The Beau- ties of England and Wales
"
26 " See
Chronology of History," p. 209. Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
Topographical, Historical and Descriptive. "
vol. iii. The Isle of Man,
19 See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesia-
Brayley,
rum Antiquitates," cap. xv. , p. 335.
p. 248.
20
Some of these are pleasingly introduced
by the great master of historic romance, Sir
Walter Scott, in his " Peveril of the Peak,"
chap, xvi. , with historic notes appended.
21
;
or Delineations,
of the Isle of Man is a work of great research, in reference to the
28 The view is from accompanying copied
an approved illustration, by William F. Wakeman, and drawn on the wood, en- graved by Mrs. Millard.
29 A south-east view of it with various other illustrations in detail, may be found, in the "Archaeological Journal," vol, iii. See
AccordingtoJocelyn,theformername J. L. Petit'sEcclesiasticalAntiquitiesofthe of Man was Eubonia. Isle of Man, pp. 49 to 58.
;
25 He ruled over the See of St.
from A. D. 828 to 844. See Sir Harris
Nicolas'
p. 85.
27 Train's
""
ap-
Peter,
40 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 3.
1
the form of a cross, with a coarse grey stone j*
cases and arches are coigned, formed with a stone found in the neighbour- hood, and almost as red as brick. 3 2 A little to the west are the ruins of St. Patrick's church. This is of ancient style with round-arched windows. A small round tower—like the Irish or Brechin round towers—lies near it westwards. A flight of steps ascends to the door, and within it are stairs for ascending to
the top of that building. 33 Beside it are the ruins of a quadrangular church, having features in common with many of our old Irish churches. 34
St. German's Cathedral, Isle of Man.
St. Germanus is said to have laboured in the work of his ministry, until the time of his death, in the Isle of Man. 35 On St. Patrick's return from Britain, he visited the islands, in order to gain them over to Christ. In par- ticular, he preached the Christian faith with great success in the Isle ofMan. 36 Nevertheless, it is thought, that he left mainly to Germanus the task of com- pleting his mission. The date for St. German's death has been assigned to a. d. 474. 37 In the ancient Martyrologies, however, we are at a loss to dis- cover the name of this Germanus. On this day, July 3rd, his festivity is usually recorded. 38 St. Patrick consecrated two others of his disciples, St.
30 See Grose's "Antiquities of England," toI. vi.
dimensions are minutely given, in J. L. Petit's paper, already mentioned.
32 A ground plan of the cathedral church of St. German in Peel Castle in the Isle of Man, as also an effective copperplate engrav-
1775, may
Wales ; or Delineations, Topographical, script Chronicle of that Island.
of that ruined taken in
See vol. " Peveril of the Peak. " vii. ,
ing
be found in
fane,
The Beauties of England and
"
Historical and Descriptive," vol. ii. , The Isle of Man, pp. 288, 289.
33 See Gough's Camden's " Britannia," vol. iii. , p. 703.
36 This account is confirmed, by a Manu-
34 A well-executed wood
ancient church and the round tower may be
des iii c Saints," tome viii. ,
p. 2.
Les Vies Juillet,
engraving
of this
Jour
Petit for the
Archaeological Journal," enti-
however, the angles, window-
seen prefixed to the article, written by J. L.
"
tled Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Isle of
Man, vol. iii. , p. 49.
35 Several beautiful illustrations of this
Island may be found, in the Abbotsford edi-
tion of Sir Walter Scott's Waverly Novels.
37 See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquitates," Index Chronologicus,
A. D. CCCCLXIV. , p. 522.
38 See Les Petits Bollandistes,
" de
July 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 41
Conindrius39 and St. Romulus4° to be Bishops of Man, when our saint
After their death these were succeeded by St.
1 Macaldus. 42
his sanctity and for his miracles. These were the first fathers and founders of the church, which was established in the Isle of Man, by our great Apostle. In later times, and after the Reformation, while the Protestant Bishops of Sodor and Man «3 became suffragans to the Archbishop of York, the Catholics on the Island were subjects of the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin; in the present century, however, they have been annexed to the See of Liver- pool, England.
ArticleII. —St. Guthagon,Confessor,inBelgium. [Probablyin
the Eighth Ctntury. '] Incidentally we are informed, that the Belgian
Flemings were formerly accustomed to bestow the name of Scots on strangers
to their own country, and who differed from the Belgians in manners and
passed away to bliss.
Maguil,*
After conversion, this latter was eminent for prelate
customs much after the habit of the Romans, who called all other extern ;
——
people except those living in Italy or Greece by the depreciating title of
1 barbari or "barbarians. " Wherefore, an insinuation is conveyed, that
several of the Belgian saints called Scoti may have been strangers only, and not necessarily natives either of Ireland or Scotland. However, in the pre-
sent case, no argument is sought to be drawn against the generally received
statement, that Guthagon had been a native of Scotia ; whether of the greater
or lesser Scotia has been controverted, but it is left to the decis—ion of the
investigator. The—most ancient authority for St. Guthagon's Acts briefly as
theyarerecorded seemstohavebeenanoldoffice,belongingtothechurch
at Oostkerke, near Bruges, in Belgium. From it, Jean Ver-Meulen,2 better
known by the Latinized form of Molanus, probably copied that relation of
the present saint in his Indiculus of the holy persons connected with the
Netherlands. Notices of St. Guthagon are to be found, likewise, in the
"
Natales Sanctorum Belgii et eorum Chronologica Recapitulatio," at the 3rd of July. 3 Jean Cousin, also denominated Canonicus Joannes Cognatus, has copiedfromhim/whathadbeenrelatedaboutthepresentholyman. The
Bollandists s have some particulars regarding this saint, and prefixed in a commentary6 oftenparagraphs,toanofficereadinthechurchatOostkerk. Therearenoticesofhim,atthe3rdofJuly,byBishopChallenor. ? Atthis date,also,heiscommemoratedasarecluse,bytheRev. AlbanButler. 8 He
39 According to Colgan, he is more cor- rectly to be named Condirius, who is vene- rated in our Irish Calendars, at the 17th of November. See "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Patricii, nn. 63, 64, p. 50.
2 He was born at Lille, A. D. 1553, and
being distinguished as a learned theologian and ecclesiastical historian in the University
of Louvain, he died prematurely, on the 1 8th
of September, 1585. See an account ofhim 40 "
Colgan states, that he had another name, Romanus, and that his feast is to be found, at the 1 8th of November. See ibid.
41 His feast has been assigned to April 25th. At that date, his Acts are to be found in the fourth Volume of this work, Art. i.
and of his works in Michaud's Biographie Universelle, Ancienne et Moderne," tome xxviii. , pp. 516, 517.
3 In two paragraphs, pp. 139, 140.
4 See " Historia Tornacensis, tomus iii. ,
p. 272.
5 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii
iii. De S. Confessore Oostkerae Guthagono
apud Brugas in Flandria, pp. 668 to 670.
6 Written by Father John Baptist
42 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Jocelyn's
clii. , pp. 98, 99.
cli. ,
" Sexta Vita S.
Patricii," cap.
43 The Protestant bishop of Sodor and
Man is the sole baron of the Island. See Soller, S. J.
" The Popular Encyclopedia ; or Conversa-
7 See " Britannia Sancta," part ii. , p. 8.
tions Lexicon,"—vol. iv. , p. 655. I
8 and
In his "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, other principal Saints," vol. vii. ,
Article II. By Father John Baptist Soller, S. J,
July iii.
42 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 3.
is noticed, likewise, in Les Petits Bollandistes,? at the 3rd of July. This
the Irish seem to have claims for the honour of his stronger
saint, according of Scotia.
to the
Belgian traditions,
king,
King
11 man; but,
was either a
As usual, the Scottish writers contend, that he was their country-
nativity in their country. He is thought to have flourished during the eighth century. Some will have it, that he journeyed to Rome ; yet, although such pilgrimages to the shrines of the Apostles and martyrs there were undertaken by the Irish, Scots and Angles, soon after their conversion to Christianity, there does not appear to have been sufficient warrant for that statement in
referencetoSt. Guthagon. Throughreligiousmotives,however,heentered onapilgrimage,andwithacompanion,namedGillon. TheyarrivedinBel- gium, but at what period is not with certainty known. They rested at a place known as Knocken or Cnokem, which was situated on the maritime shore of Flanders. Nor was it far removed from Oostkerke. This village lay near Burges, on the sea side, between it and Slusa. " There the virtuous life of St. Guthegon gave very great edification to the people of that country. Another companion, Gildulfus, is commemorated with the foregoing, and he spent an eremitical life with them, in Belgium. ^ Here, St. Guthagon led a solitary life, «4 until the time of his death. It is not known for certain, whether he died at Cnokem or at Oostkerke. However, the clergy and people of that district reverently interred his body, according to tradition in the western part of the cemetery of Oostkerke. Those holy men, Saints Guthagon and Gillon, rest at Oist-Kerke, in Flanders. After St. Guthagon's death, miracles were wrought
at his grave. Gerald, Bishop of Tournay, in the year n59, exhumed St. Guthagon's body and placed it in a feretrum. The Abbots of Aldenburg,
DunensandofQuercetanwerepresent. 15 Itwouldseem,thatatasubsequent period, towards the end of a. d. 1444, there was another translation of St.
Guthagon's remains. In the succeeding century, Jean Ver-Meulen relates, that he saw these relics kept within iron gratings in the wall of the church. It has been remarked in our saint's office, that the shrine was hardly kept in a becoming manner. The Calvinists profaned the relics of St.
1
Kalendar of David Camerarius, as found in Bishop Forbes' work, there is a
festival set down for St. Cahinnicus, Abbot, at the and of June. The Bollan-
dists 2 this copy
remark, that his Acts more
but
refer to the nth of October, at which date they were destined for further
illustration.
Article IV. —Festival of St. Euticius, Martyr, at Rome. The Martyr Euticius was honoured with a festival, in the ancient Church of Ireland,
stated in the "Feilire" of St.
^Engus.
1 To this, the commentator has added
notice, likewise,
they
properly
This we know from the " Feilire " of St. 1 where ^Engus,
on the 2nd of
he is called a Bishop.
old Martyrology of St. Jerome, and the Bollandists
little in addition, at this date, to elucidate his period and sufferings.
Article V. —Feast of Saints Processus and Martinianus, Martyrs at Rome. There was a festival, for the holy Martyrs Processus and Martinianus at Rome, held in the old Irish Church at the 2nd of July, and as
July.
This notice seems to have been extracted from the
an explanatory note. 2 The Acts of their martyrdom are given by the Bollan-
dists,3 from Surius, with a previous commentary, in three sections and in
seventeen paragraphs, at this same date.
CftfrU 2Bap of SWp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. GERMAN, FIRST BISHOP OF THE ISLE OF MAN. [FIFTH CENTURY. ]
limit
NOTWITHSTANDpIreNsGent holy regarded
early veneration, and that he should be considered as the first missionary
Article hi. — * Thus : "2 Die. Sanctus Cahinnicus Abbas miraculis et vitae puritate apud Hebridianos et Orcadienses Scotos Celebris. "—" Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 238.
2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii ii. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 294.
Article iv. — * The following stanza, and its translation from the Irish, are from the Leabhar Br-eac copy, in the Royal Irish Academy:—
CAimuHiOucAicefpoc
OAtnAfi
pAif p|\ocefp f^S^ HiAr mon tTUnciAui.
tinianus. "—" Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus, p. cix.
2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , Julii ii. De S. Euticio Martyre Romano, p. 306. Edited by Father John Baptist Soller, S. J.
Articlev. —x SeeLeabharBreaccopy, Royal Irish Academy, and Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript
Series,vol. i. , parti.
Oengus. By Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , p. cix.
2 Thus " Marciani vel martiani . i. pro :
marticiani per concisionem mediae — in sjjlabs
utroque nomine vel martiniani. " Ibid. , p. cxv.
conani
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , "The death-bed of bishop Euticius of Julii ii. De Sanctis Processo et Martiniano Damasus with splendour : the passion of Martyribus Romre, pp. 300 to 305. Edited
kingly Processus : the great torture of Mar- by Father John Baptist Soller, S. J.
2
appear to have gleaned
historic doubts—justifiable within a certain
as an —that the man should be having
On the Calendar of
3 8 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 3.
Bishop in the Isle of Man, a constant tradition has there prevailed, that his
mission was delegated to him from Ireland, in its first century of Christianity, and that he had then been classed among the disciples of St. Patrick. 1 He
2 The Bollandists have published some brief notices of this saint,3 in three paragraphs. Notices of him occur in Bishop Challenor's * work. We know few particulars of an authentic character
regarding him ; and, we are left in a state of uncertainty, respecting the country and parentage of the present holy man, who appears to have been a native of France or of Great Britain. But, whether he had been baptized in the Christian Faith at an early age, or whether he had received first instruc- tion from the Irish Apostle, must be a matter left for further historic investi-
gation.
Inthefifthcentury,lielived,accordingtoageneralsupposition; whilesome
writers maintain, that the present German 5 was not a distinct person from St. Germanus of Auxerre,6 to whom the cathedral of Man was dedicated. ?
is also called
Jarmanus.
one 8 hasit,9thattheGermanofManhadbeenconsecrated opinion
Bishop by Pope Celestine I. , after his appointment as a Canon of St. John Lateran's
church, in Rome. It is stated, also, that the dignity of Bishop was conferred on him, when the Irish Apostle had been elevated to that distinguished office. 10 This is improbable, for it does not rest on any well sustained evidence. We are informed, 11 however, that St. German became a disciple of St. Patrick. 12 By the illustrious Irish Apostle, he was called to the ministry; but, whether in Ireland or in Great Britain has not transpired.
in that the harvest was Finding Ireland,
great,
Patrick passed over into Britain, about the year 447,I4 according to a gene-
rally received opinion. The Irish Apostle proposed to procure a number of learned and religious men, to be his assistants in the work of the Gospel. We are informed, also, that he desired to remove the Arian and Pelagian heresy from Britain, at this time. After a short stay in Britain, he returned to Ireland, accompanied by a great many notable labourers. No fewer than
of these were afterwards made
thirty Bishops.
T 5 —
ism,
10 and it is
supposed
Long before the time—of this great Apostle, the Isle of Man inhabited
by an ancient Celtic race
seems to have been under the influence of druid-
that several of their monuments remain. Its yet
remotehistoryisnotverywellknown. Atanearlyperiod,itwassubjectto
1
the King of North Wales. In the fourtr century, ? the Scots are said to have
Article i. — * See
Colgan's
" Trias
8 That of who refers to the Office Colgan,
f the Canons Regular of Lateran.
9 See "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita
S. Patricii, cap. xcii. , n. 103, p. 113.
I0 See Prima ad Acta S. ibid. , Appendix
Patricii, Lect. v. , p. 196.
ll
Thaumaturga," Quinta Appendix ad Acta
S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 266.
a
pp. 667.
* See "Britannia Sancta," part ii. , July
3rd, pp. 8, 9.
sit may be observed, a St. Germanus, a
Martyr at Tarsus. , in Cilicia, was venerated, likewise, on this day, July 3rd.
By Castellan. 3 See "Acta
tomus Julii iii. I)e S. Germano Episcopo, in Mantua sive Mona, Maris Hibernici Insula,
Sanctorum,"
i. ,
6
of
31st July.
7 See what has been written already in the
life of Maguil, or Machaldus, Patron and Bishop, in the Isle of Man, in the Fourth Volume of this work, at the 25th of April, Art. i.
I3 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xcii. , p. 86.
m See Ussher's "Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquitates," Index Chronologicus, p. 518.
Js See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
This holy Bishop is venerated, on the
but the labourers T 3 St. few,
By Jocelyn, the monk of Furness. ""
See Colgan's Trias Thaumaturga," Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 266.
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xcii. , p. 86. ,6 "
See Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
p. 85.
"7 According to Paulus Orosius, in his
July 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 39 inhabited Monaor Mevania 18—ajncient names for Man 1 ? —as also Hibernia.
To reclaim its inhabitants from their 30 as also from their superstitions,
mystic and druidic rites, the Irish Apostle turned his attention to this Isle, when he
had laboured with success in Ireland. He thereupon sailed over t—o Man.
who lived for
—some time on an Island or Peninsula
which
St.
afterwards bore his name wrought miracles while he was there, and he
people
33
the Isle of Man. - His mission was consolidated, by the erection of a church,
2
some are of opinion, that Sodor had been situated in the celebrated Isle of Iona, others state, that it was in Man itself. Again, it has been asserted, that after the Danes and Norwegians held sway over this Island in the eleventh century, as also over Dublin and Fingal, together with the Hebrides of Scot-
"
Patrick,
laboured to the gain
2I over to the truths of
22 He then
religion.
pointed one of his disciples, named Germanus, a wise and holy man, to be direc- tor over this new church. He is said to have been consecrated as first Bishop of
which was the first known to exist in the Isle
and this formed the nucleus of a See, Sodor and Man, * the origin of which is rather obscure, but it is said to have been so constituted by Pope Gregory IV. ,25 at Sodor. While
land \ these western clusters were divided into Norder, meaning
northern,"
and Sudor, meaning " southern," in the Norwegian language, Man being included in the Sudor, and Sodor thus became the title for its See. 20
The church of St. Germanus was built on an Island promontory, called after St. Patrick. 2 7 It has also been called Kirck-Jarmans, and it is situated near Peel Castle, being nearly surrounded by the sea, and isolated in posi-
but, when the tide is out, the water is scarcely mid-leg deep, being only separatedbyalittlerivulet,whichflowsfromKirk-JarmynMountains. The present ruinous cathedral 20 is thought to have stood on the site of a more ancient church. It was constructed, about the year 1245,3° and it is built in
28 on the western side of the
near the
The channel which divides it from the mainland at high water is very deep ;
tion,
Isle,
margin
of a
spacious bay
"
Universelle Ancienne et Mo-
" 22 "
work, Adversus Paganos Historiarum
Libri VII. ," lib. i. , cap. 2. This work only
comes down to a. d. 316. Leyden, 1738 or
1767, 4to. This writer flourished about the
beginning of the fifth century. See Michaud's
According to the Chronicon Manniae," St. Patrick was the first to preach the Catho- lie Faith to the Maux. See Ussher's "Bri- tannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xv. , p. 335.
23 See "The Beauties of and England
Wales ; or Delineations, Topographical, Historical and Descriptive," vol. iii. The Isle of Man, p. 269.
24 According to Gough's Camden's "Bri- tannia," vol. iii. , p. 701.
Biographie
derne," tome xxxi. , p. 409.
18 " The ancients were acquainted with it
under various names. Caesar distinguishes it
by that of Mona ; Ptolemy calls it Monczda,
or the more remote Mona, to distinguish it
from the Mona of Tacitus. Anglesea, Pliny
History
By John Britton and Edward Wedlake ecclesiastical antiquities of this Island.
styles it Monabia; Orosius, Mevania; and Nennius, Eubonia and Manaw. The appel- lation given to it by the Britons was Menaw; the natives call it Manning. " —" The Beau- ties of England and Wales
"
26 " See
Chronology of History," p. 209. Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
Topographical, Historical and Descriptive. "
vol. iii. The Isle of Man,
19 See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesia-
Brayley,
rum Antiquitates," cap. xv. , p. 335.
p. 248.
20
Some of these are pleasingly introduced
by the great master of historic romance, Sir
Walter Scott, in his " Peveril of the Peak,"
chap, xvi. , with historic notes appended.
21
;
or Delineations,
of the Isle of Man is a work of great research, in reference to the
28 The view is from accompanying copied
an approved illustration, by William F. Wakeman, and drawn on the wood, en- graved by Mrs. Millard.
29 A south-east view of it with various other illustrations in detail, may be found, in the "Archaeological Journal," vol, iii. See
AccordingtoJocelyn,theformername J. L. Petit'sEcclesiasticalAntiquitiesofthe of Man was Eubonia. Isle of Man, pp. 49 to 58.
;
25 He ruled over the See of St.
from A. D. 828 to 844. See Sir Harris
Nicolas'
p. 85.
27 Train's
""
ap-
Peter,
40 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 3.
1
the form of a cross, with a coarse grey stone j*
cases and arches are coigned, formed with a stone found in the neighbour- hood, and almost as red as brick. 3 2 A little to the west are the ruins of St. Patrick's church. This is of ancient style with round-arched windows. A small round tower—like the Irish or Brechin round towers—lies near it westwards. A flight of steps ascends to the door, and within it are stairs for ascending to
the top of that building. 33 Beside it are the ruins of a quadrangular church, having features in common with many of our old Irish churches. 34
St. German's Cathedral, Isle of Man.
St. Germanus is said to have laboured in the work of his ministry, until the time of his death, in the Isle of Man. 35 On St. Patrick's return from Britain, he visited the islands, in order to gain them over to Christ. In par- ticular, he preached the Christian faith with great success in the Isle ofMan. 36 Nevertheless, it is thought, that he left mainly to Germanus the task of com- pleting his mission. The date for St. German's death has been assigned to a. d. 474. 37 In the ancient Martyrologies, however, we are at a loss to dis- cover the name of this Germanus. On this day, July 3rd, his festivity is usually recorded. 38 St. Patrick consecrated two others of his disciples, St.
30 See Grose's "Antiquities of England," toI. vi.
dimensions are minutely given, in J. L. Petit's paper, already mentioned.
32 A ground plan of the cathedral church of St. German in Peel Castle in the Isle of Man, as also an effective copperplate engrav-
1775, may
Wales ; or Delineations, Topographical, script Chronicle of that Island.
of that ruined taken in
See vol. " Peveril of the Peak. " vii. ,
ing
be found in
fane,
The Beauties of England and
"
Historical and Descriptive," vol. ii. , The Isle of Man, pp. 288, 289.
33 See Gough's Camden's " Britannia," vol. iii. , p. 703.
36 This account is confirmed, by a Manu-
34 A well-executed wood
ancient church and the round tower may be
des iii c Saints," tome viii. ,
p. 2.
Les Vies Juillet,
engraving
of this
Jour
Petit for the
Archaeological Journal," enti-
however, the angles, window-
seen prefixed to the article, written by J. L.
"
tled Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Isle of
Man, vol. iii. , p. 49.
35 Several beautiful illustrations of this
Island may be found, in the Abbotsford edi-
tion of Sir Walter Scott's Waverly Novels.
37 See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquitates," Index Chronologicus,
A. D. CCCCLXIV. , p. 522.
38 See Les Petits Bollandistes,
" de
July 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 41
Conindrius39 and St. Romulus4° to be Bishops of Man, when our saint
After their death these were succeeded by St.
1 Macaldus. 42
his sanctity and for his miracles. These were the first fathers and founders of the church, which was established in the Isle of Man, by our great Apostle. In later times, and after the Reformation, while the Protestant Bishops of Sodor and Man «3 became suffragans to the Archbishop of York, the Catholics on the Island were subjects of the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin; in the present century, however, they have been annexed to the See of Liver- pool, England.
ArticleII. —St. Guthagon,Confessor,inBelgium. [Probablyin
the Eighth Ctntury. '] Incidentally we are informed, that the Belgian
Flemings were formerly accustomed to bestow the name of Scots on strangers
to their own country, and who differed from the Belgians in manners and
passed away to bliss.
Maguil,*
After conversion, this latter was eminent for prelate
customs much after the habit of the Romans, who called all other extern ;
——
people except those living in Italy or Greece by the depreciating title of
1 barbari or "barbarians. " Wherefore, an insinuation is conveyed, that
several of the Belgian saints called Scoti may have been strangers only, and not necessarily natives either of Ireland or Scotland. However, in the pre-
sent case, no argument is sought to be drawn against the generally received
statement, that Guthagon had been a native of Scotia ; whether of the greater
or lesser Scotia has been controverted, but it is left to the decis—ion of the
investigator. The—most ancient authority for St. Guthagon's Acts briefly as
theyarerecorded seemstohavebeenanoldoffice,belongingtothechurch
at Oostkerke, near Bruges, in Belgium. From it, Jean Ver-Meulen,2 better
known by the Latinized form of Molanus, probably copied that relation of
the present saint in his Indiculus of the holy persons connected with the
Netherlands. Notices of St. Guthagon are to be found, likewise, in the
"
Natales Sanctorum Belgii et eorum Chronologica Recapitulatio," at the 3rd of July. 3 Jean Cousin, also denominated Canonicus Joannes Cognatus, has copiedfromhim/whathadbeenrelatedaboutthepresentholyman. The
Bollandists s have some particulars regarding this saint, and prefixed in a commentary6 oftenparagraphs,toanofficereadinthechurchatOostkerk. Therearenoticesofhim,atthe3rdofJuly,byBishopChallenor. ? Atthis date,also,heiscommemoratedasarecluse,bytheRev. AlbanButler. 8 He
39 According to Colgan, he is more cor- rectly to be named Condirius, who is vene- rated in our Irish Calendars, at the 17th of November. See "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Patricii, nn. 63, 64, p. 50.
2 He was born at Lille, A. D. 1553, and
being distinguished as a learned theologian and ecclesiastical historian in the University
of Louvain, he died prematurely, on the 1 8th
of September, 1585. See an account ofhim 40 "
Colgan states, that he had another name, Romanus, and that his feast is to be found, at the 1 8th of November. See ibid.
41 His feast has been assigned to April 25th. At that date, his Acts are to be found in the fourth Volume of this work, Art. i.
and of his works in Michaud's Biographie Universelle, Ancienne et Moderne," tome xxviii. , pp. 516, 517.
3 In two paragraphs, pp. 139, 140.
4 See " Historia Tornacensis, tomus iii. ,
p. 272.
5 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii
iii. De S. Confessore Oostkerae Guthagono
apud Brugas in Flandria, pp. 668 to 670.
6 Written by Father John Baptist
42 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Jocelyn's
clii. , pp. 98, 99.
cli. ,
" Sexta Vita S.
Patricii," cap.
43 The Protestant bishop of Sodor and
Man is the sole baron of the Island. See Soller, S. J.
" The Popular Encyclopedia ; or Conversa-
7 See " Britannia Sancta," part ii. , p. 8.
tions Lexicon,"—vol. iv. , p. 655. I
8 and
In his "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, other principal Saints," vol. vii. ,
Article II. By Father John Baptist Soller, S. J,
July iii.
42 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 3.
is noticed, likewise, in Les Petits Bollandistes,? at the 3rd of July. This
the Irish seem to have claims for the honour of his stronger
saint, according of Scotia.
to the
Belgian traditions,
king,
King
11 man; but,
was either a
As usual, the Scottish writers contend, that he was their country-
nativity in their country. He is thought to have flourished during the eighth century. Some will have it, that he journeyed to Rome ; yet, although such pilgrimages to the shrines of the Apostles and martyrs there were undertaken by the Irish, Scots and Angles, soon after their conversion to Christianity, there does not appear to have been sufficient warrant for that statement in
referencetoSt. Guthagon. Throughreligiousmotives,however,heentered onapilgrimage,andwithacompanion,namedGillon. TheyarrivedinBel- gium, but at what period is not with certainty known. They rested at a place known as Knocken or Cnokem, which was situated on the maritime shore of Flanders. Nor was it far removed from Oostkerke. This village lay near Burges, on the sea side, between it and Slusa. " There the virtuous life of St. Guthegon gave very great edification to the people of that country. Another companion, Gildulfus, is commemorated with the foregoing, and he spent an eremitical life with them, in Belgium. ^ Here, St. Guthagon led a solitary life, «4 until the time of his death. It is not known for certain, whether he died at Cnokem or at Oostkerke. However, the clergy and people of that district reverently interred his body, according to tradition in the western part of the cemetery of Oostkerke. Those holy men, Saints Guthagon and Gillon, rest at Oist-Kerke, in Flanders. After St. Guthagon's death, miracles were wrought
at his grave. Gerald, Bishop of Tournay, in the year n59, exhumed St. Guthagon's body and placed it in a feretrum. The Abbots of Aldenburg,
DunensandofQuercetanwerepresent. 15 Itwouldseem,thatatasubsequent period, towards the end of a. d. 1444, there was another translation of St.
Guthagon's remains. In the succeeding century, Jean Ver-Meulen relates, that he saw these relics kept within iron gratings in the wall of the church. It has been remarked in our saint's office, that the shrine was hardly kept in a becoming manner. The Calvinists profaned the relics of St.
