No More Learning

; 516; 525
John V Palaeologus, Emperor, minority of,
541, 615; and John Cantacuzene, 543,
665 sq. ; 546; and Bulgarians, 554 ; at-
tempts to gain help from West, 617 sq. ,
670; Orkhan and, 667; and Murad I,
671; and Bāyāzid I, 675; and Lesbos,
455; 593
John VI Cantacuzene, Emperor, and the
Morea, 454; and Stephen Dušan, 540 sqq. ;
543; and Turks, 544; deposed, 546; 615;
and Papacy, 616; 617; at siege of Nicaea,
661; Orkhan and, 665 sq. ; on condition of
Empire, 669; as historian, 765; 775;
death, 462; 593
John VII Palaeologus, Emperor, nephew of
Manuel II associated with him, 677; de-
fends Constantinople, 678 sq. ; 685; 593
John VIII Palaeologus, Emperor, and Coun.
cil of Basle, 620; at Ferrara, 621 sq. ; and
Act of Union, 623, 690; death, 624; and
Murad II, 689 sqq. ; embassy to the West,
619; 593
John I Axoûchos, son of Alexius I of Tre-
bizond, set aside from succession, 514;
becomes Emperor, 515; 516
John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem, Latin
Emperor (regent), 427; invades Asia
Minor, 488 sq. ; and John III,
608
John Angelus, crowned Emperor at Salonica,
429 sq. , 440; made Despot by Emperor
John III, 491; death, 492; 476
John Asên I, Tsar of Bulgaria, 517; revolts
against Byzantium, 518 sq. ; murdered,
519; 590
John Ásên II, Tsar of Bulgaria, and Latins,
428; and John III, 429; 489 sqq. ; re-


## p. 949 (#991) ############################################

Index
949
covers bis throne, 521; prosperity of,
522 sq. ; death, 524; 525; 590
John Asên III, Tsar of Bulgaria, son of
Mytzės, short reign of, 529; with the Tar.
tars, 530; 590
John Alexander Asên, Tsar of Bulgaria,
539; and the Pope, 540; and Turks, 544;
and Church, 548; patron of learning, 549;
554; 590
John Shishman, last Tsar of Bulgaria, 554;
defeated by Turks, 557; death, 560, 590
John Stephen, Tsar of Bulgaria, 538; exiled,
539; 590
John Vladislav, Tsar of Bulgaria, 242; 244;
322
John Sracimir, of Vidin in Bulgaria, carried
off by Hungarians, 554; Turks and, 557,
561; 590
John I of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 477
John II of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 471,
477
John I Ducas Angelus (the Bastard), son of
Michael II of Epirus, deserts William of
Achaia, 442; Duke of Neopatras, 444;
445; 532; and reunion, 612; 475
John II, Duke of Neopatras, 449 sq. , 475
John Vladimir, Prince of Dioclea, 240;
and Samuel of Bulgaria, 241; murdered,
242
John of Gravina, Prince of Achaia, 452 sq. ;
474
John, Duke of Athens, and John Ducas
Angelus, 444 sq. ; death, 446, 475
John of Randazzo, Duke of Athens, 475
John I, King of Aragon, Duke of Athens and
Neopatras, 457; 475
John Lackland, King of England, 415; 480
John I Orsini, count of Cephalonia, 475
John II Orsini, rules Epirus and Cephalonia,
453; 475
John VIII, Pope, and Photius, 54, 253, 254;
and St Methodius, 227 sqq.
John IX, Pope, and Anthony Cauleas, 56,
256
John X, Pope, and Nicholas Mysticus, 62;
257
John XI, Pope, recognises Theophylact as
Patriarch, 63, 259
John XIII, Pope, legates of, at Constantino-
ple, 261
John XIX, Pope, and the Patriarch Eusta-
thius, 92, 262 sq.
John XXI, Pope, and Michael VIII, 612 sq.
John XXII, Pope, and Oshin of Armeno-
Cilicia, 179; and Andronicus II, 614
John Gaetano Orsini, see Nicholas III, Pope
John Beccus (Veccus), and union, 595, 611;
made Patriarch, 612; deposed, 613
John Camaterus, archbishop of Bulgaria,
becomes Patriarch of Constantinople, 243
John Hylilas (the Grammarian), Patriarch
of Constantinople, 34; iconoclastic zeal,
30; nickname, 40; deposed, 41; 43; sent
as ambassador to Saracens, 128; and St
Cyril, 218
John Apocaucus, metropolitan of Naupactus,
and Ūnion with Rome, 607
John, archbishop of Ochrida, 94
John, Katholikos of Armenia, 161
John Medzabaro, Katholikos of Armenia,
173
John, Patriarch of Grado, murdered by Doge,
393
John, Cardinal, papal legate (898 A. D. ), 256
John, Cardinal, papal legate (1166 A. D. ), 602
John, bishop of Belluno, and Venice, 404 sq.
John, bishop of Trani, letter of Cerularius
to, 113, 266; at Constantinople, 268
John Damascene, St, treatises against Icono-
clasm, 10; 26; 766
John of Rila, patron saint of Bulgaria, 238 sq. ;
519; 524
John of Parma, General of the Franciscans,
and John III, 608
John Parastron, Franciscan friar, emissary
between Rome and Constantinople, 611
John of Pian di Carpine, friar, on Tartars,
630 sq. ; mission to Mongols, 639 sq.
John of Ragusa, delegate of the Council of
Basle, 620; at Constantinople, 621; at
Council of Florence, 622
John Uroš, son of Simeon Uroš, becomes
abbot of Metéoron, 552; 553
John of Karna, Armenian churchman, 182
John of Orotn, Armenian churchman, 182
John Scholasticus, of Antioch, Byzantine
canonist, 227, 711
John, priest sent by Pope Stephen V to
Moravia, 229
Jahn the Deacon, Venetian chronicler, on
creation of first dege, 387 sq. ; 398 note;
404; and Otto III, 405; on “New Venice,'
406
John Asên, son of John Alexander of Bul.
garia, 549
John Dishypatus, sent by Emperor John
VIII to Council of Basle, 621
John Eladas, see Eladas
John the Exarch, and Simeon of Bulgaria,
237
John of Ibelin, Regent of Cyprus, 469
John of Lusignan, nephew. of Hethum II,
of Armeno-Cilicia, 180 sq.
John Mauropus, see Mauropus
John, nomophylax, see Xiphilin
John the Orphanotrophos, brother of Michael
IV, 101; becomes chief minister, 102 sqq. ;
fall of, 105; 108, 265; executed by Con.
stantine IX, 110; Bulgaria and, 244
John Uglješa, marshal of Serbia, 553 sq. ;
killed, 555
John, son of Simeon of Bulgaria, 238
John, treasurer of Irene, commander against
Saracens, 124
John, general of Basil II, 90
John, son of Vitalian, general of Justinian
I, 385
John, son of Mauritius, doge of Venice, 393
John-Roger, the Caesar, brother-in-law of
Manuel 1, 365; 373


## p. 950 (#992) ############################################

950
Index
John-Smbat (Sempad), King of Armenia,
civil war with his brother, 163; 164;
married to Byzantine princess, 100
Joinville, 515 note; on Greek fire, 743
Jolanda, see Yolande
Joscelin I, count of Edessa, 317; takes Ger-
manicea, 341; 359; 361
Joscelin II, count of Edessa, 373
Joseph, Patriarch of Constantinople, oppo-
sition to Union, 611 sq.
Joseph, Patriarch of Constantinople, at
Council of Ferrara, 621; death, 623
Joseph, archbishop of Salonica, exiled, 29
Joseph Bringas, see Bringas
Joseph Nasi, Jewish favourite of Selim II,
receives Naxos, 468; and Cyprus, 472; 476
Joseph the hymn-writer, St, life of, 255
Joseph, the Grand Oeconomus, and marriage
of Constantine VI, 28 sq.
Joshua, Byzantine illustrated MS. of, at
Vatican, 768
Jubilee, Papal (1300), 448
Judaea, 157; Roman conquest of, 629
Judaism among the Chazars, 190 sq. , 219
Judge of the Theme, see Protonotary
Juga I Coriatović, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Juga II Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Juji, son of Jenghiz Khan, 633; death, 635
Julian, professor of law in Constantinople,
collector of the Epitome Juliani, 707; 711
Julianus Ascalonita, Byzantine legal writer,
723
Junaid, Turkish rebel against Mahomet I,
687 sq.
Jundi-Shāpūr, Persian medical school, 297
Jurašević brothers, Montenegro chieftains,
586, 592
Jurjān, conquered by Seljūgs, 304
Justin I, Emperor, 185
Justin II, Emperor, sends convoy to Central
Asia, 187; 707; Novels of, 708, 714;
builds throne-room, 754
Justinian I, Emperor, laws of, see Chap.
XXII passim; 24, 53, 100; and Venetia,
385; 726; 730 sqq. ; army of, 738; statue
of, 748; and St Sophia, 752, 754; 758;
760; 764; Byzantine art under, 768; pre-
Justinian law sources, 723
Justinian II, Emperor, exiled to Cherson,
189; Armenia and, 2; 13; 157; and Bul-
garians, 231; pretended son of, see Ti.
berius; buildings of, 754
“ Justiniana Prima,” added to archbishopric
of Bulgaria, 243
Justinianus, arcade of, in Imperial Palace,
754
Kaidu Khan, grandson of Ogdai, 641; rebels
against Kublai, 646
Kaifā, branch of Urtugids, 317
Kai-Kā’ūs I, 'Izz-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm,
173; captures Theodore I, 485
Kai-Kā’ūs II, 'Izz-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm,
and Hethum I, 175; and Theodore II,
504; and Michael Palaeologus, 503 sq. ,
510
Kai-Khusrū I, Sultan of Rūm, and Theodore
I, 479; captured and slain, 482
Kai-Khusrū II, Sultan of Rūm, and John
III, 492; defeated by Mongols, 515
Kai-Qubād I, 'Alā-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm,
514; and Trebizond, 515; and Ertugbril,
655 sq.
Kaisariané, abbot of, 464
Kaisum in Syria, 132
Kalabaka, see Stagi
Kalamáta, fief of the Villehardouins, 440;
444; 449
Kālanjar, castle in India, 304
Kalávryta, capital of Constantine Palaeo-
logus in Morea, 461; ceded to Turks, 463
Kalilah and Dimnah, Arab stories of, 294
Kaliman I, Tsar of Bulgaria, 492; 523 sq. ;
590
Kaliman II, Tsar of Bulgaria, slays Michael
Asên and is himself slain, 525; 590
Kalocsa, archbishopric of, founded, 214;
archbishop of, and Bosnia, 526; see Astrik
Kalojan (Johannitsa), Tsar of Bulgaria,
423; 481; 483; defeats Emperor Baldwin,
424, 520; ravages and death of, 425, 428,
519 sqq. , 590
Kama, river of Southern Russia, 184; 192 sq. ;
Kama Bulgars, 184
Kambalu, see Cambalu
Kāmil, Arab compilation, 294
Kang-hi, Chinese Emperor, and Mongols,
649
K’ang-li, Chinese name for Patzinaks and
other tribes, 198
Kankali (K'ang-li), Turkish tribe, 631
Kapan, Armeno-Cilician fortress, 68; seized
by Turks, 169, 174
Kapnikon (poll tax), abolished by John I,
82
Kara Khitai, Mongol tribe, 631, 633
Karakorum, Mongol capital, 631 sqq. , 638;
Ogdai's palace at, 640; 645; capital
transferred from, 647 sq.
Karamania, see Qaramān
Karamzin, Russian historian, 199
Karbalā, pilgrimages to forbidden, 288;
taken by Tīmūr, 651
Karchas, Magyar title, 196 sq.
Kardam, Khan of Bulgaria, and Constantine
VI, 232
Karin, in Armenia, taken by Turks, 167
Karisiya (al-arsiya, al-lārisiya), Chazar
bodyguard, 190
Karkh, Magyar trading centre, 197
Karlovic, Serbian Patriarch at, 578
Karlsburg, see Gyulafehérvár
Kapaklápioc, military tenants, 773
Kabáll. vos (Stable Boy), nickname of Con-
stantine V, 11
Kabars, Chazar tribe, join Magyars, 196
Kabul Khan, grandfather of Jenghiz, 632
Kadykei, fortress of Bulgaria, 235
Kaffa, Genoese colony on Black Sea, 549;
bishop of, 614


## p. 951 (#993) ############################################

Index
951
312 sq.
Kars, in Armenia, 158; taken by Saracens,
160; intellectual centre of Armenia, 162;
taken by Turks, 167; taken by Mongols,
181, 636; cathedral of, 161
Karydi, Mount (the Walnut Mountain),
battle of, between Latins of Athens and
Sparta, 441
Karykes, Demetrius, Byzantine philosopher,
at Smyrna, 485
Kárystos, division of Euboea, 435; taken by
Licario for Michael VIII, 445; 463
Kashgar, 312, 651
Kashmir, 651
Kashshāf, famous commentary on the Koran,
291
Kasogs (Cherkesses), subdued by Russians,
207
Kastoria, Macedonian bishopric, 243
Katakolo, 438
Kathir, Arab general, 120
Katholikos (Patriarch), of Armenia, 112;
155 sq. ; position of, 159; 160; visits of,
171; 177; 180; 182; see also Constantine,
Grigor, Joakim, John, Kirakos, Nerses,
Petros, Sabak; of Iberia, 97
Kātibi, author of text-book on logic, 297
Katunska, district in Montenegro, 587
Kavala, 541 sq. ; taken by Turks, 672; see
Christopolis
Kawad (Kobad), Sasanid King of Persia,
and the Chazars, 187
Kazan, 650
Keghard, Armenian church at, 163
Kem, river, see Kien
Kende (Knda), Magyar title, 196
Keraits, Mongol tribes, 631 sq. ; migrate to
China, 650
Keration, Byzantine coin, 4
Kerbogha (Qawwām-ad-Daulah Karbuqā),
prince of Mosul, at Antioch, 316, 339
Kerch, see Bosphorus
Kerulen, river, 631
Kesh, in Transoxiana, birthplace of Timur,
650
Ketbogha, Mongol leader, slain at 'Ain
Jālūt, 643
Khabur, river, 315
Khafāja, Saracen governor of Sicily, 138
Khagan, title first assumed by chief of the
Yuan-Yuan, 185; and Chazars, 186 sq. ;
supreme Khagan, 190; applied to prince
of Kiev, 203
Khair-ad-Din (Barbarossa), Turkish admiral,
and Naxos, 467
Kbālid, lieutenant of Mahomet, 302
Khalifah (Caliph), title of the chief of Islām,
275, 281 sq. ; see Caliphate, Caliphs
Khalil, called Qāra (Black), and formation
of Janissaries, 663 sq.
Khalil, son of Sultan Orkhān and Theodora,
667
Khalil, Turkish leader, and Andronicus II,
659
Khalil Pasha, Grand Vizier of Murād II and
Mahomet II, 693, 684; counsels the aban-
donment of siege of Constantinople,
701
Khalkhas, central Mongols, merged in
Chinese Empire, 649
Khan, of Bulgaria, 231; of the Chazars, 38;
of the Mongols, 175 sq. ; Jenghiz Khan,
title of Temujin, 632; of Turkestan, 300
Khan Balig, see Cambalu
Kharput, fortress of, captured by Bardas
Sclerus, 85
Khata, the, Sultan Sanjar's war against,
Kbātūn, see Turkan Khatun
Khawinji, author of text-book on logic,
297
Khilat, battle of, 515; town of, 636
Khitans, in Chinese Empire, 633
Khiva, see Khwärazm
Khma, see John of
Khubilai, see Kublai
Khurāsān, 123 sq. ; Țăbir appointed governor
of, 276; 285; 297; 303; Seljūgs in, 304;
307; 310; Sanjar, King of, 310 sqq. ; in-
vaded by Ghuzz, 313; 633; 636
Khurramites, Arab sect, 38; 128 sq.
Khushan, Armenian general of Constantine
V, 121; successes of, 122 sq.
Khusrau, Firuz ar-Rahim, Buwaihid ruler
of Persia, 304
Khutbah, Muslim bidding prayer, 301, 304 sq. ,
311 sq. , 651
Khūzistān, 310, 633
Khwārazm (Khiva), 190; Khwārazm Shāhs,
kingdom of the, 278, 312, 314 sqq. ; 298;
conquered by Seljūgs, 304, 306; 311; con-
quered by Mongols, 629, 631, 633, 635 sq. ;
trade with Bulgars, 193; nationality of
Sultan Qutuz, 643; see anūshtigin, Atsiz,
Jalāl-ad-Din, Muḥammad, Qutb-ad-Dīn
Kialing, Chinese river, 645
Kien, river (Kem, Yenisey), 187; 631
Kiersy, see Quierzy
Kiev, early history of, 202 sqq. ; heathenism
at, 208; centre of Russian trade, 193,
199; 201; treaty of, 88, 209; 240; contest
for throne of, 368; destroyed by Mongols,
637; princes of, see Igor, Oleg, Olga,
Svyatoslav, Vladimir, Yaropolk
Kilisa-jāmi', see Pantokrator, under Con-
stantinople, churches of
Kilisa-jāmi' (church-mosque), at Tarsus,
179
Kin (Golden), dynasty of China, destroyed
by Mongols, 629, 632 sq. , 635 sq.
Kindi, Arab translator and philosopher, 295
Kinsai, see Lingan
Kipchaks, see Cumans, Golden Horde
Kirakos (Guiragos), Armenian priest, and
Constantine VIII, 164
Kirakos Virapensis, Katholikos of Armenia,
removes his see to Echmiadzin, 182
Kirghiz Steppes, 303
Kirmān, province of, 307; Seljūg dynasty
of, 314 sq. ; 633; 642
Kisā'i, Persian grammarian, 291


## p. 952 (#994) ############################################

952
Inder
Kovrat (Kurt), Bulgarian khan, defeats Avars,
186, 188; 230 sq.
Kriviches, East Slavonic tribe, 204, 206,
209 sq.
Kitubuka, Mongol general, overthrows the
Assassins, 641
Klath, see Gregory of
Kleidion, Bulgarian defeat at, 241
Kelooupa (mountain pass), see Clisurae
Kintopol bylov (Notitia), book of ceremonial,
by Philotheus, 58, 256, 730
Kljuć, Bosnian fortress, surrenders to Turks,
580
Klokotinitza, victory of Bulgarians at, 428,
440, 489; 491; 522
Klyuchevski, Professor V. , on early Russian
history, 200, 203 sq. , 206
Knda, see Kende
Knęză (dpxwv), appointment of St Methodius
as, 217
Knights, of St John, of Rhodes, see Hos-
pitallers; of the Temple, see Templars;
see also Teutonic Knights
Knin, battle of, 560
Kobad, see Kawad
Kobilić (Obilić), see Miloš
Kocel, Slavonic prince in Pannonia, 211;
and St Methodius, 224, 226 sq.
Koitonitai, office of the, 730
Kolb, Armenian town, 158
Kolberg, bishop of, see Reinberg
Koloman, King of Hungary, 355 sq. ; occu-
pies Bosnia and Hum, 526
Konjica, Bosnian assembly at, 574, 583
Konung, title of Varangian chiefs, 202, 204,
206
Kopány, cousin of St Stephen of Hungary,
revolts against him, 214
Koran (Qur'ān), and Islāmic theory, 280 sq. ;
and toleration, 286 sq. ; doctrine of the
Mu'tazilites about, 288, 301 ; and the
study of Arabic, 290 sq. ; commentaries
on, 290 sq. , 293; rhyme in, 294; 684
Korea, 185; Mongol expedition against, 636
sq. , 640, 646; revolts against Mongols,
649
Kormisosh, Bulgarian usurper, 231 sq.
Korsun, see Cherson
Kóptn, see Count of the Tent
Kosača, Bosnian family, 567
Kosara, daughter of Samuel of Bulgaria, 241
Koselsk (Mobalig), Mongol barbarity at, 637
Kosmidion (Eyyüb), monastery of, 512
Kossovo, 1st battle of, 550, 557 sq. , 672 sqq. ;
2nd battle, 562; 3rd battle (1448), 573,
584, 692 sq. , 696, 702; battlefield of, 245;
plain of, 554
Köstendil, in Bulgaria, see Velbužd; deriva-
tion of, 555
Kotromanić, see Stephen; extinction of
dynasty, 574
Kotsho, see Dnieper, river
Koubouxhelov, the imperial household, 730
Koundoura, Latin victory at, 434, 436
Koupharas, Theodore, Greek monk, and
Boris of Bulgaria, 236
Koutritzákes, Alexius, and the capture of
Constantinople, 519
Koutzo-Wallachs, 550; see Wallachs
Kroja (Āq-Hisār), Albanian fortress, ceded to
John III, 494, defence of, by Skanderbeg,
584 sq. , 692 sq.
Krum, Khan of the Bulgarians, wars with
Byzantines, 29 sq. , 37, 49, 234 sqq. ; siege
of Constantinople, 233
Kruševac, Serbian capital, taken by Turks,
558; 569; 571
Kuban, Russian river, 230
Kublai (Khubilai) Khan, Great Khan, Chinese
Emperor, at Pekin, 629; and paper cur-
rency, 630; 637; 640; in China, 644;
elected Khan, 645; reign and government,
646 sqq. ; death, 649
Kuchu, son of Ogdai Khan, 640
Kuchuk Chekmejeh, village near Constanti-
nople, 511
Kūfah, school of grammar at, 291
Kugler, on the First Crusade, 334
Kühistān, invaded by Mongols, 641
Kulenović, Bosnian family, 518
Kulin, ban of Bosnia, 517; and Bogomiles,
518; 520; 526; 591
Kuma, river, 631
Kūmistān, see Comania
Kunovica, Turks defeated at, 571
Kūr, river, see Cyrus
Kurdistān, 128; Seljūg dynasty in, 315;
633; conquered by Tīmūr, 652
Kurds, 130; see Nasr
Kuriltai, general convocation of Mongols,
632, 634 sq. , 640 sq. , 643, 645
Kurt, see Kovrat
Kurya, prince of the Patzinaks, kills Svya-
toslav of Russia, 208
Kushluk, Khan of the Naimans, 631
Kutrigurs (Kuturgurs), Bulgar tribe, 185
Kuyuk, son of Ogdai, succeeds his father as
Great Khan, 640; death, 641
Kuza-Dāgh, Mongol victory at, 515
Kuzu, see Dnieper, river
Kydónis (Cydones), Demetrius, Byzantine
rhetorician, and Bulgarians, 554; 555;
as theologian, 766
Kyparissia, 460
Kyuchuk Aghā, Turkish general, defeated
by Trapezuntines, 656
Kyūtāhiya, 683
Labarum, imperial standard, removed from
the coinage by Isaac I, 322
Lacedaemon, see La Crémonie
Lachanâs, nickname of Ivailo, 528
Lachanodraco, Michael, strategus of the
Thracesians, and image worshippers, 16;
and Saracens, 20, 123 sq.
Laconia, 434; Laconian origin of the Em-
press Theophano, 68
La Crémonie (Lacedaemon), residence of
princes of Achaia, 437; court of William


## p. 953 (#995) ############################################

Index
953
de Villebardouin at, 441; taken by Turks,
690
“Ladies' Parliament” of Nikli, 443
Ladislas I, the Saint, King of Hungary,
decree of, 197
Ladislas II, King of Hungary, and Manuel I,
372
Ladislas, King of Naples, confers duchy of
Athens on Nerio Acciajuolo, 458; Bosnia
and, 565; 566
Ladoga, lake, 202
Laſote Basaraba, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Laïote Basaraba, “the Young,” Prince of
Wallachia, 593
Lama, name first given by Mongols to Bud.
dhist priests, 646
Lambron, Cilician fortress, 168, 170; revolts
from Armenia, 174 sq. ; lords of, see
Hethum, Osbin
Lambronatsi, see Nerses
Lamia, memorials of Catalan rule at, 457
Lampe, 344; 378
Lampedusa,
Byzantine naval victory off, 134
Lampsacus, Venetian colony at, 480; 487 sq. ;
509; 660; Genoese tower at, 687
Lamus, river, 120, 131 sq.
Lancia, Galvano, relation of the Empress
Constance, 496
Landolf, admiral of Alexius I, 341
Langres, bishop of, and Louis VII, 601
Laodicea, in Phrygia, 367; 480; ceded by
Seljūgs to Theodore II, 504
Laodicea, in Syria, 146; Malik Shāh at,
307; captured by Crusaders, 339; by
Byzantines, 341; 343
Laodicea Combusta, taken by Saracens, 123
Larissa, in Argos, 434
Larissa, in Thessaly, Samuel of Bulgaria at,
240; 242; Normans at, 329; Henry of
Flanders at, 426; becomes Lombard fief,
433; 494; bishop of, see Achilleus, St
La Roche, Burgundian family, become lords
of Athens, 422, 431, 449; see Guy, Othon
Lascaris, see Theodore I, Emperor
Lateran, St John, see Councils; 623
Latin Church, controversies with, see Roman
Church; liturgy in Apulia, 266; liturgy
in Bulgaria, 45, 249, 252; in Moravia,
223 sq. ; and Slavonic liturgy, 226, 228;
ritual in Crete, 616; relations with Ar-
menian Church, 172 sq. , 177 sqq. ; Church
in Syria, 599; Church in Cyprus, 469;
Church in Greece, 606 sq. ; Latin Patri.
archs of Constantinople, 615, 617, see
Thomas Morosini; churches in Constan.
tinople, 113, 264, 267, 271; see also,
Church, Councils
Latin Empire of Constantinople, Chaps. XIV,
XV, XVI passim; conquest of Constantinople,
243, 777, see Constantinople; Empire and
Bulgaria, 520 sqq. ; and Popes, 606 sqq. ;
fall of, 431, 511 sq. , 609; principalities in
Greece, Chap. xv passim, 612; and Turkish
invasion, 654 ; Latin Emperors, see
Baldwin, Henry, John, Peter, Robert; see
also Assises of Romania; Geoffrey de
Villebardouin, seneschal of, 438
Latin language and script, influence on
Glagolitic script, 225; Latin titles, 731;
translations from Arabic, 297 sq.
Latin states in Syria, and Alexius I, 341 sqq. ;
and John II, 352 sqq. , 357 sqq. ; and
Manuel I, 365, 370, 373 sqq. ; and Armeno-
Cilicia, 154, 168 sqq. ; Armeno-Cilicia
under Latin kings, 180 sqq. ; see also
Antioch, Crusades, Cyprus, Jerusalem
Latins, hatred of, in Constantinople, 362,
380; massacre of, 382, 414, 603; anti-
Latin feeling in East, 616, 690; Latins
in Byzantine service, 245, 355, 484, 507,
738, 750; Latins and Byzantine feudal
system, 772; Byzantine influence on, 775;
intermarriage of Byzantines and Latins,
619
Aarpela (adoration) of images, condemned
by the Council of Nicaea, 21
Latros, in Caria, monastery on,
753
Latzcou, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Laura, the, see Great Laura, the
Law, Byzantine, Chap. xxv; Laws of Leo
III, 5, 708 sqq. ; of Basil I, 52, 711 sq. ; of
Leo VI, 58, 713 sqq. ; of Constantine VII,
66, 715; of Basil II, 92 sqq. ; external
influence of, 724 sq. ; school of, under
Constantine IX, 114, 719 sq. ; law-book,
translated into Bulgarian, 550; see Novels
Albanian “ code,'' 585; Bulgarian code,
attributed to Krum, 233; Hungarian code
of St Stephen, 215; laws of Latin Empire,
see Assises of Romania; Mongol code of
Jenghiz Khan, 634; Muslim theories of
law, 280 sqq. , 291 sq. ; Serbian code (Za-
konnik) of Stephen Dušan, 547 sqq.
See also Canon Law, Roman Law
Lazar I Hrebeljanović, rules at Mačva, 553;
made Prince of Serbia, 555; and Tvrtko of
Bosnia, 556; and Turks, 555, 557; death
of, at Kossovo, 558, 672 sq. , 590
Lazar II, see Stephen Lazarević
Lazar III, son of George Branković, accession
and reign, 570; 577; 590
Lazarus, painter of icons, 34
Lebanon, Mt, 148; Druses in, 301; Mardaites
in, 742
Lebedia, original territory of the Magyars,
195, 197
Leburnium, river, Patzinaks defeated on,
Leca penides, sons of Romanus I, 63 sq. ; see
also Basil, Constantine, Michael, Romanus,
Stephen
Leca penus, see Romanus I, Emperor
Lecce, 450; counts of, 449
Lechfeld, battle of the, 212 sq.
Lefke (Leucae), in Asia Minor, captured by
Ertughril, 655; Turks defeated at, 657
Legend, of St Cyril, see Vita Cyrilli ; of St
Methodius, see Vita Methodii
Legnano, battle of, 414
Lekanomantis, nickname of John Hylilas, 40
330 sq.


## p. 954 (#996) ############################################

954
Index
Lek Ducagin, Albanian "code,” 585
Lembos, Mt, monastery on, 498
Lemnos, Byzantine naval victory off, 143;
becomes a Venetian seigniory, 421, 435,
476 sq. ; retaken by Michael VIII, 445,
given to Demetrius Palaeologus, 464; 465;
624
Lentianá, near Prusa, 485
Leo III, the Isaurian, Emperor, Chap. 1;
work of reconstruction, 1; coronation
and character, 2; and Saracens, 2, 151,
119 sqq. ; and Armenia, 156, 167; and
Chazars, 189; domestic and economic
policy, 3 sqq. ; and the army, 4; promul.
gates Ecloga,5,708 sqq. ; iconoclastic zeal,
6 sqq. ; and Italy, 10, 388, 390; death, 11;
14; 30; 49; 58; 231
Leo IV, the Chazar, Emperor, 19; successes
against Saracens, 123; 124; 189; and
Telerig of Bulgaria, 232; Novels, 710
Leo V, the Armenian, Emperor, strategus of
the Anatolics, 29 sqq. ; proclaimed Em.
peror, 29; defeats the Bulgarians, 30, 37,
233 sq. ; his iconoclastic zeal, 30 sq. ; his
fall and death, 32; defeats Saracens, 127;
35; 38; 132; Novels of, 710
Leo VI, Emperor (the Wise, the Philosopher),
50; parentage, 50 sg. , 54; reign of, 55 sqq. ;
portrait of, 53; general policy, 56; mar-
riages of, 57, 60, 91, 256 sqq. , 267, 272;
legislative and administrative works, 58;
literary and theological works of, 59, 258;
death of, 59; weakness in Asia Minor,
134, 140; loses Sicily, 141 sq. ; Armenia
and, 159 sq. ; and the Magyars, 198; and
the Russian Church, 207; and the Bul-
garians, 237; and Photius, 56, 254 sq. ;
262; 708; legislation of, 711, 713 sq. ; 712;
720; Book of the Prefect, 715 sqq. , 761;
Novels of, 722 sqq. ; and army, 741
Leo I, Prince of Armeno-Cilicia, reign and
misfortunes of, 169; 358 sq. ; 361 ; 373
Leo II, the Great, King of Armeno-Cilicia,
171; his European connexions, 172; cam-
paigns, 173; death, 174; crowns sent him
by the Eastern and Western Emperors,
172
Leo III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 175: de.
feated by Mamlūks, 176
Leo IV, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 177 sq.
Leo V, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 179 sq.
Leo VI, of Lusignan, last King of Armeno.
Cilicia, exile and death in Paris, 181; 470
Leo IV, Pope, and Byzantine Church, 247
Leo IX, Pope, and Michael Cerularius, 112
sq. , 264 sqq. , 597; death, 270; and see of
Grado, 408
Leo, metropolitan of Chalcedon, and Alexius
I, 332
· Leo, archbishop of Ochrida, letter of, against
the Latin Church, 112; 267 sq. ; 270
Leo the Deacon, chronicler, 80; 238 note;
239 note; 765
Leo the Drungarius, father of SS. Methodius
and Cyril, 216
Leo Melissenus, see Melissenus
Leo Phocas, see Phocas
Leo the protovestiary, 85; defeated b;
Bardas Sclerus, 85
Leo of Salonica, famous mathematician
43 sq. , 218
Leo of Tripolis, leader of Saracen fleet, 141
defeated off Lemnos, 142
Leo, strategus of the Armeniacs, defeater
by Saracens, 127
Leo, supposed son of Romanus IV, leader o
the Cumans, 330
“Leo's bill” (battle of Mesembria), 234
Leonard, archbishop of Chios, at siege o
Constantinople, 695 sqq. ; 702 sq.
Leonardo I Tocco, count of Cephalonia
455; 475
Leonardo III Tocco, count of Cephalonia
465; loses his State, 466; 475
Leontini (Lentini), in Sicily, captured b;
Saracens, 46, 137
Leontius, Emperor, 6
Leontius of Neapolis, Byzantine theologian
767
Leontokomes, theme of, 733
Lepanto, castle of, 448, 453, 476; bough
by Venetians, 459; 465; becomes Turkish
467; battle of, 468; metropolitan of, 494
497
Lepara-Lycandus, battle of, 85
Lesbos, island of, Irene exiled to, 25; 64
109; ravaged by Venetians, 354, 371
assigned to Latin Emperor, 421; take)
by Vatatzes, 428, 487; Gattilusi at, 465
birthplace of historian Ducas, 474; Genoes
at, 431, 455, 511, 655; 477
*Leucadia,” Duke of, title of Tocco famil
in Cephalonia, 455
Leucae, see Lefke
Leucas, see Santa Mavra
Leunclavius, 677 note, 688 note, 691 note
Levant, the, 168; Venetians in, 395 sq.
410 sq. , 416, 421, 431 sq. ; Chap. X
passim; 677
Liau Tung, Mongols expelled from, 649
Libanius, 763
Libellus de conversione Bagoariorum e
Carantanorum, polemic against Methodius
222, 227
Libellus satisfactionis, against Photius, 25
sq.
Liburnia, restored to Byzantium, 395
Licario, lord high admiral of Michael VIII
triumphant career of, in Aegean, 445
467
Lichudes, Constantine, see Constantine
Liegnitz, Mongol victory at, 637, 639
Limitanei (rà åkpltikà démara), frontie
troops of the Empire, 740
Lingan (Hangchow, Kinsai), chief town o
South China, 633
Liosa, Albanian clan, 552
Liparid, King of Iberia, captured by Seljūge
166
Lithosoria, battle of, 13, 232
!


## p. 955 (#997) ############################################

Inder
955
Louis VII, King of France, and Manuel I,
366 sqq. ; 379, 600 sqq.
Louis IX (St Louis), King of France, buys
relics from Latin Emperor, 429; William
of Achaia and, 441; and Manuel of
Trebizond, 515; and Michael VIII, 610;
mission to Mongols, 640
Louis the Great, King of Hungary, and
Bosnia, 545, 556; and Gregory XI, 618;
670 sq.
Little Russians, see Ukrainians
Little St Sophia, see SS. Sergius and Bacchus
under Constantinople,
churches of
Liudprand, bishop of Cremona, envoy of
Berengar II, 66; of Otto I, 76 sq. , 260 sq.
Liutpold, duke of Bavaria, and the Magyars,
212
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, and Venice,
387 sqq. , 396, 398
Livadia, captured by Navarrese, 456; Catalan
memorials at, 457; 458
Logothete, Grand (Logothete of the Dromos),
office of, 731
Logothete of the Public Treasury (TOŮ YEVLKOÙ,
logothete-general), office of, 731
Logothete of the Aſilitary Chest (Toû otpa-
TIWTIKOŮ), office of, 731
Logothete of the Flocks (rūv áyêrwr), office
of, 731
Λογοθέτης των οικειακών, Venetians placed
under jurisdiction of, 405
Lombards, and Emperor Leo III, 9 sq. ;
attack Rome, 17 sq. ; 22; 112; 266; in-
vade Venetia, 385; Venice and, 387 sqq. ;
defeated by Franks, 391 sq. ;
Lombard"
Crusade, 340 sq. ; League of, against
Frederick I, 412 sq. , 602; 421; nobles in
Salonica, 426; in Euboea, 435, 441, 445;
imperialist party in Cyprus, known as, 469;
in Byzantine service, 595, 738; influence
on Byzantine law, 717; kings of, see
Aistulf, Desiderius, Liutprand; see also
Adelchis
Lombardy, Magyars in, 211; trade route to,
396
London, Armenian embassy sent to, 181 ;
papal register at, 226 sq. ; Peter of Cyprus
at, 470; Manuel II at, 618
Longobardia, theme of, 733; threatened by
Saracens, 403, 405 sq. ; see Argyrus
Loos, see Thierri de
Lopadium, taken by Turks, 344; rising at,
383; taken by Latins, 424, 481, 485,
689
Loredan, Venetian admiral, defeats Turks,
687; and siege of Constantinople, 700 sq.
Loreo, revolts against Venice, 404 sq.
Loria, Roger, admiral of Aragon, raid of,
on the Morea, 447
Loritello, see Robert of
Lorraine, duke of, see Godfrey; Frederick
of, see Stephen IX, Pope
Lothar I, Emperor of the West, and Vene.
tians, 398 sq. , 401
Lothar II, King of Lorraine, 249
Lothar III, Emperor of the West, and John
II, 358; 360; and Venetians, 412
Louis the Pious, Emperor of the West, corre-
spondence with Michael II, 34; Theophilus
and, 38, 203; and the Bulgarians, 234
Louis II, Emperor of the West, intervenes
in South Italy, 139; and Photius, 249;
and Council of Constantinople, 252
Louis II, the German, King of Germany,
197; and Moravia, 221, 227; 235
Louis I, Duke of Savoy, claimant to king-
dom of Armenia, 181
Louis of Savoy, husband of Queen Charlotte
of Cyprus, 471
Louis of Blois, and Chartres, made Duke of
Nicaea, 422, 480; killed at Hadrianople,
481, 520; 516
Louis, Duke of Burgundy, marries Matilda
of Hainault, and becomes Prince of Achaia,
452, 474
Lovat', Russian river, 202
Lucas Notaras, see Notaras
Luchaire, on Fourth Crusade, 415, 417
Lucian, 763
Lulum, Cilician fortress, annexed by Sara-
cens, 120; 128; and Michael III, 133;
ceded to Bohemond of Antioch, 343
Luparkos (Rhyndakos), river, defeat of Theo-
dore I on, 426, 485; 689
Lupus, duke of Friuli, raids Grado, 387
Lupus, Patriarch of Aquileia, and Venice,
401
Lusignan family, rule of, in Cilicia, 154;
180 sqq. ; in Cyprus, 468 sq. , 172, 432;
see Amaury, Guy, Henry, Hugh, Isabel,
John, Leo, Peter
Lycandus, theme of, 733 sq.
Lycaonia, Mongols in, 689
Lycaonian desert, the, 125
Lycia, 131; 150; 670; independent of
Ottomans, 684; Hospitallers in, 687
Lycus, valley, outside Constantinople, de-
fences of, 696 sqq. , 701 sq.
; 749
Lydia, 126; 657
Lyons, Councils of, see Councils
Lyubech, Russian trading centre, 202, 204
Macaire of St Menehould, defeated in Asia
Minor, 428; occupies Nicomedia, 481, 483
Macedo-Bulgarian dialect (Slovenian), basis
of Glagolitic Script, 225
Macedonia, Slav risings in, 13, 20; Bul-
garians and, 37, 39, 232, 235, 238, 240
sq. ; 47; 49; ill; 217; Normans in,
245; Patzinaks invade, 354; assigned to
Boniface of Montferrat, 422, 432; 427 ;
430; 442; Catalans in, 450 ; retaken by
John III, 492, 494, 524; occupied by
Michael of Epirus, 505; 519; 522; Serbians
in, 532, 534, 538, 540; 541 sq. ; 549; 553;
Turks in, 555, 560, 568, 672, 674, 678;
theme of, 133, 733, 737; sees in, 95, 243;
churches in, and Byzantine Art, 769;
manuscripts in, 499
Macedonian dynasty, Chaps. III, IV; founded,


## p. 956 (#998) ############################################

956
Index
50; 64; 69; 82; 96 sq. ; 106; extinction
of, 115, 118, 319; 259; 714 sq. ; 728;
renaissance under, 765, 769 sq. , 777
Machiavelli family at Athens, 461
Macrembolitissa, see Eudocia
Mačva, banat of, governed by Rostislav, 526;
by Stephen Dragutin, 532; taken by
Stephen Uroš II, 534 sq. ; 553; 591
“Mad Theodore,” see Mankaphas
Madytus, 323; taken by John III, 428
Maeander, river, 134; valley of the, 353 sq. ;
378; Seljūgs defeated on, 427; 428; 480
Magida, fortress of, taken by Saracens, 124,
128
Magister, title of, 730
Magister Militum, office in Venice, 390; in
Oderzo, 387; in Istria, 389
Magnesia, 498 sq. ; legend of John III at,
500; 508; 512; Turks at, 655; Michael IX
at, 656; emir of, 662, 667; 692 sq.
Magyars, 194 sqq. ; 198; migrate to Hun.
gary, 199; 200; 202 sq. ; 208; in Hun.
gary, 210 sqq,; Italian raids of, 211, 400;
Byzantines and, 140, 212; and Bul.
garians, 234, 237 sq. ; defeated at the
Lechfeld, 212; kingdom organized by St
Stephen, 215; manner of fighting, 212;
language, 195, see also Hungarians
Mahbūb, Arab chronicler, 120 note
Mahdi, Abbasid Caliph, expedition against
Leo IV, 123; 289
Mahdī, the, 'Ubaid-Allāh, the first Fātimid
Caliph, claims to be, 302; 'Abdallah ibn
Tūmart claims to be, 306
Mahmūd, Ghaznawid Sultan, in India, 303;
and Seljūgs, 304 sq.
Maḥmūd, son of Malik Shāh, 308; wars with
his brother, 309; 310
Maḥmad, Seljūq Sultan of 'Irāq, son of the
Great Seljūg Muhammad, dispossessed
by Sanjar, 311; 315
Mahmūdiye mosque, see under Constanti-
nople
Mahomet, see also Muhammad
Mahomet (Muḥammad), the Prophet, 275,
280 sq. , 286; tribe of, 281; and religious
tolerance, 287 sq. ; biographies of, 293;
301 sq. ; 641 sq. ; 679
Mahomet I (the Gentleman), Ottoman
Sultan, and Serbians, 563 sq. ; and Bosnia,
566; and Wallachia, 567; conquers his
brother and becomes Sultan, 686 ; reign and
character of, 687 sq. ; 593
Mahomet II, Ottoman Sultan, accession, 692
sq. ; and Armenians, 182; in Greece, 463
sq. ; and Chios, 468; and Serbia, 575 sq. ,
578; besieges Belgrade, 576; 577; Bosnia
and, 579 sqq. ; and Catholics in Bos-
nia, 583; and Albania, 584 sq. ; and
Moldavia, 587; 593; 624; and Byzantine
Church, 625 ; 694; besieges and captures
Constantinople, 696 sqq. ; character of,
705
Mahomet, Aghlabid emir of Africa, 137
Mahomet, emir of Qaramān, 684
Mahomet ibn Gumishtigin, Dänishmand
ruler in Cappadocia, 315
Mahomet, son of Malik Ghāzi, Dānishma
dite ruler, 357, 360; 365
Mahomet, Dānishmandite prince, son
Dhu'l-Qarnain, 377
Mahomet, Saracen general in Sicily, cous
of the emir of Africa, 134, 136
Mahomet ibn Abi'l-Jawārī, Saracen genel
in Sicily, 135
Mabomet ibn Mu'awiyah, Saracen gener
125
Mai, Cardinal Angelo, 719
Maimundiz, fort of the “ Assassins,” 641
Maina, district in Greece, 441; surrender
to Michael VIII, 443; and Manuel ]
460; Venetian colony, 476; 737
Majghariyah, Majghariyan, see Meyepon
Majorca, see Ferdinand, James
Majúsí, al. , Arab medical writer, 298
Makin, Arab chronicler, 188
Makrolivada, Thracian frontier fortress, 3
234
Makryplági, battle of, 444
Malacopea, taken by Saracens, 126
Malagina, attacked by Saracens, 126, 131
Malāhidah, name of Assassins, q. v.
Malalas, John, Byzantine chronicler, 76.
chronicle of, translated into Bulgaria
237
Malamocco, foundation of, 386; 388; 391
made seat of Venetian government, 3!
sq. ; 393; taken by Pepin, 394; bishopr
of, 387; bishop of, see Felix
Malatīyah, see Melitene
Maleinus family, 93
Maleinus, Eustathius, commander again
Sclerus, 86; disgraced by Basil II, 93
Malik, Arab leader, killed in Phrygia, 121
Malik Ghāzi (Gbāzi), Dānishmandite emi
defeats Crusaders, 340 sq. ; 342; 353 sg
357
Malik, Seljūg prince, failure before Treb
zond, 514 sq.
Malik Shāh, Great Seljūq Sultan, conques
Transoxiana, 277; 278; 298 sq. ; 30€
succeeds his father, 307; empire of, 30
sq. ; death, 309; 311 sq. ; 314; 316 sq
and Alexius I, 329, 331, 343; 633
Malik Shāh, Seljūq, son of Barkiyāruq, di:
possessed by his uncle, 310
Malik Shāh, Seljūq Sultan of Rūm, son (
Qilij Arslān, 343
Mallu Khān, Delhi general, defeated b
Tīmūr, 651
Malomir, see Presiam
Malta, occupied by Saracens, 139
Maltepe, 700
Mamikonians, Armenian family, 157 sqq.
Mamistra, see Mopsuestia
Mamlūks of Egypt, and Armenia, 154, 17€
177 sq. , 180 sqq. , 669; and Mongols, 17€
279, 628, 643, 652; 314; massacre of, a
Cyprus, 471; 642
Mamonàs, archon of Monemvasia, 440
! ! ! !


## p. 957 (#999) ############################################

Index
957
hu
475 sq.
Ma'mūn, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, cam.
paigns against Byzantines, 127 sq. ;
Thomas the Slavonian and, 35, 127;
death, 38, 129; and Manichaeans, 287;
revenue of, 151 note; translation bureau
of, 298; 275 sq. ; 288; 300
Manalugh, Turkish emir, and Alexius I,
344
Manasses, Constantine, Byzantine scholar,
363; Slav translations of his Chronicle,
549; verses against the “Powerful,” 708
Manassia, monastery in Serbia, 563
Manbij (Hierapolis), 144; Christian relic at,
145
Manchuria, 185
Manchus, become supreme in China, 649
Mandaeans, and Islām, 287
Μανδήλιον, Μανδίλιον, το, see Edessa, image
of,
Manegold, count, ambassador of Conrad II,
97
Manfred, King of Sicily, and Michael II of
Epirus, 430, 442, 508; 446; 448; 495
sq. ; 608; designs on Constantinople, 609;
Mangana, see St George of under Constanti.
nople; John VI retires to, 666; arsenal
at, 741
Mangu Khan, Mongol Great Khan, and
Hethum I, 175, 638 note ; 631; 640;
reign of, 641; death, 643, 645; 644; 646
Mangū Timūr, Mongol general, defeated by
Mamlūks, 176
Maniaces, George, Byzantine general, and
Michael V, 105; made general in the West,
108; revolt and death, 110; 111; cam.
paigns in East and in Sicily, 150
Manichaeans, 42; and Islām, 287 sq. ; colony
in Philippopolis, 330, 344; in Nicene
Empire, 498; see Bogomile, Paulicians
Manicophagus, betrays Amorium to Sara-
cens, 130
Mankaphas (“Mad Theodore"), founds
lordship at Philadelphia, 423, 480; 481;
conquered by Theodore Í, 482
Manoláda, battle of, 452
Manşūr, Abbasid Caliph, 122 sq. ; founds
Baghdad, 274, 298, 641
Mantua, pact of, between Western Emperor
and Venetians, 400; synod of, 407
Manuel I Comnenus, Emperor, 351; 356 ;
361; accession and character, 362 sq. ;
administration, 364; and Seljūgs, 365,
377 sq. ; and Second Crusade, 366 sqq. , 601;
and Roger II of Sicily, 368; and Italy,
369 sqq. ; and Hungarians, 372; and Serbs,
373; and Armeno-Cilicia, 373, 170; and
Antioch, 374 sq. ; marriages of, 360, 375;
and Amaury of Jerusalem, 376; defeated
at Myriocephalum, 378; and Venetians,
412 sq. ; and Papacy, 345, 596, 602 sq. ;
death, 379; 380 sq. ; and coinage, 348;
ambitions of, 626; Novels of, 720, 723
Manuel II Palaeologus, Emperor, and the
Morea, 460; 617; visit to the West, 618;
678; attitude to Union, 619; 670; 672;
675; and Bāyazid, 677; and Sulaiman,
685; and Mūsa, 686; and Mahomet 1, 687;
689; 593
Manuel I, Emperor of Trebizond, 515 sq.
Manuel III, Emperor of Trebizond, and
Bāyazid I, 674
Manuel Angelus, Emperor of Thessalonica,
despot of Epirus, 428; deposed, 429; 440;
and John III, 491; 497; 522; and Gregory
IX, 607; 475 sq.
Manuel Cantacuzene, made despot of the
Morea, 454
Manuel Mamikonian, Armenian general, 157
Manuel, strategus of the Anatolics, and
Saracens, 127 sq. , 130
Manuel, the magister, uncle of Empress
Theodora, 40
Manuel, Byzantine admiral, 147
Manuel monastery, the, 91, 261
Manzikert, besieged by Turks, 166; battle
of, 167, 306, 325, 348, 378
Maona, see Giustiniani
Maqāmah, Maqāmāt, Arabic rhymed prose,
294
Maqdisi, Arab traveller, 295
Maqrizi, Arab geographer, on treaty of Con.
stantine VIII and Zāḥir, 97
Maraclea (Maraqiyab), on the Syrian coast,
146; 339; restored to the Empire, 343
Mar'ash, see Germanicea
Marcellae, battle of, 12
Marcellus, magister militum, in Venice,
389
Marcellus Tegalianus, doge of Venice, 389;
made Hypatos by the Emperor, 390
Marco Polo, on Mongols, 631; 640; on
Cambalu, 647
Marco I Sanudo, founds duchy of the Archi-
pelago, 435 sq. , 439; and Theodore I, 485;,
475
Marco II, Duke of the Archipelago, 475
Marcus Eugenicus, see Mark of Ephesus
Mardaites, of Mt Lebanon, 742
Mārdin, Jacobite bishop of, and Caliph
Hārūn, 289
Margaret of Hungary, widow of Isaac II,
marries Boniface of Montferrat, 421;
regent of Thessalonica, 426
Margbab, astronomical observatory at, 299
Maria, the Paphlagonian, first wife of Con.
stantine VI, 22 sq.
Maria, first wife of Basil I, 50 sq.
Maria, first wife of John I, 78
Maria, wife of Michael VII, and Nicephorus
III, 326; and Alexius I, 327 sq. , 333
Maria de Courtenay, wife of Theodore I, 486
Maria, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria, widow of John
Vladislav of Bulgaria, Basil II and, 242 sqq.
Maria, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria, niece of Michael
VIII, 527 sq. ; marries Ivailo, 529; 530 sq.
Maria Argyrus, sister of Romanus III, married
to John Orseolo, 94, 406
Maria, daughter of Alexius I, 346
Maria, granddaughter of John III, 494


## p. 958 (#1000) ###########################################

958
Index
Marwān II, Umayyad Caliph, 120, 12
governor of Armenia, 156 sq.
Mary of Antioch, second wife of Mand
375; regency of, 379 sqq. ; murdered
Andronicus, 382; 757
Mary, granddaughterof Romanus I, marria
to Peter of Bulgaria, 62, 238
Mary, mother of Michael V, 104
Mary, daughter of Manuel I, 370 sq.
married to Renier of Montferrat, 37
intrigues against Empress Mary, 380
Mary, daughter of Emperor Andronicus
382
Mary, daughter of Uroš of Rascia, 356
Mary of Gorigos, regent of Armeno-Cilici
181
Mary, mother of SS. Methodius and Cyr.
216
Marzpans, Persian governors of Armeni
155
Marzpetuni, Georg, Armenian leader, 161
Maslamab (Maslama), Arab general, a
feated before Constantinople, 2, 119
120 sq.
Mastalici, Venetian noble family, 397
Mastropiers, Orio, doge of Venice, invadı
Empire, 414
Masóūd I, Sultan of Rūm, and John I
353; at Constantinople, 357; and Manue
365; 373 sq. ; 377; and Armeno-Cilici:
170 sq.
Maria Lazarević, married to Bāyazid I, 559,
562, 674
Maria, daughter of George Branković,
married to Murad II, 568 sq. ; Mahomet
II and, 575, 577
Maria, daughter of Lazar III, wife of
Stephen Tomašević, 577 sq. ; 581
Maria, heiress of Frederick III of Sicily, and
Athens, 455 sq.
Maria Zaccaria of Achaia, 474
Maria Angelina, of Epirus, 475
Mariam of Iberia, visits Constantinople, 100
Mariam, sister of Hethum II of Armeno-
Cilicia, 178
Marianus, prefect of Constantinople, pro-
claims Basil I, 51
Māridin, Urtugids of, 317
Marie de Bourbon, Princess of Achaia, 474,
476
Marie d'Enghien, sells Argos and Nauplia to
Venetians, 457
Marino Dandolo, lord of Andros, 435
Marino Sanudo, 511 note
Marinus, Papal legate (later Pope), and
Photian schism, 250, 254
Marinus, count of Comacchio, 399
Marinus, joint-compiler of the Ecloga, 709
Maritime Code (vouos vautikós) of Leo ,
5; 708; 710
Maritime theme, divided by Leo III, 3, 742;
see Carabisiani
Maritime-Venice, see Venice
Maritza, river, 241; 489; 492; 509;
Turkish victory on, 555, 670, 672 sq. ; 671
Marj-as-Suffar, Mongol defeat at, 651 sq.
Mark (Marcus Eugenicus), archbishop of
Ephesus, theologian, opposition to Union,
595, 621 sqq. ; banished to Lemnos, 624;
death, 624; 766
Mark, metropolitan of Caesarea, murdered
by Gagik II of Armenia, 166
Mark, St, body of, brought to Venice, 396 sq.
Marko, son of Vukašin, and Turks, 555;
death at Rovine, 561
Marmora, Sea of, 323; 331; 382; 421; 462;
478; 480; 490; Turkish pirates in, 657;
658 sqq. ; 665 sq. ; Boucicaut on, 683; 685;
Ottoman defeat in, 686; 677; 687; 695 sq. ;
walls of Constantinople on, 697 sq. ; 701;
747; 754 sq. ; 762; island of, 482
Maronites, the, and Eugenius IV, 623
Maros, Hungarian river, 215
Marozia, senatrix, 259
Marquart, on town of Itil, 191; on Burdas
River, 192; 212
Marriage in Byzantine law, 708 sq. , 712, 720,
723
Martin IV, Pope, and Michael VIII, 613
Martin V, Pope, and Manuel II, 619; 620
Martin, abbot of Pairis in Germany, preaches
Fourth Crusade, 415
Martorana church, mosaics at, 777
Marturius, Patriarch of Grado, see Peter
Martyropolis (Mayyāfariqin), 134; taken by
Curcuas, 143; 147
Masóūd ibn Mahmūd, Sultan of Ghazna)
299, 304
Mas“ūdi, Arab writer, journeys and unive
sal history of, 295; on Chazar bodyguar
190; on town of Itil, 191; on Burdas tribe
192; on Walinana, 200; on Magyars i
Thrace, 212
Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, 410
Matilda, of Hainault, widow of Gay II an
Princess of Achaia, her marriages an
misfortunes, 452, 474
Matteo Orsini, the Apulian, Lord of Cephe
lonia and Zante, 432; and Venetians, 43
and Achaia, 439, 475
Matthew of Edessa, Armenian chronicles
John I's letter preserved by, 148; on non
bers of Turks, 655
Matthew Ninoslav, ban of Bosnia, 526, 59
Matthew Paris, chronicler, 490 note, 493 note
on Tartars, 630 note, 638 note, 639
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, 578
in Bosnia, 581
Maurice, Emperor, 707
Mauritius, doge of Venice, 392
Mauritius, the Younger, son of John, mur
ders Patriarch of Grado, 393
Mauro family, 264
Maurocastrum (Afyon-Qara-Hisār), Phryg
ian fortress, 655
Mauropotamus, river, Byzantine defeat on
131, 133 note
Mauropus, John, learning of, 114; draft:
Novel founding school of law, 719
Maurus, bishop, settles in Torcello, 386


## p. 959 (#1001) ###########################################

Index
959
Mavrozómes, holds lordship in Asia Minor,
480; and Theodore I, 482
Mā-warā-an-Nahr, see Transoziana
Mayence, archbishop of, see Christian,
Conrad
Mayyāfariqin, see Martyropolis
Māzandarān, ruled by Ghīyāth-ad-Din, 636
Mázares, Byzantine satirist, on the Moreotes,
460
Mazzara, in Sicily, 135
Mecca, plundered by Carmathians, 276, 286;
312, 641
Media, 310, see 'Irāq Ajami
Medici family, at Athens, 461; 620
Medicine, Arab, 297 sq. ; at Constantinople,
764
Medina, 280 sq. ; 641
Meditatio de nudis pactis, eleventh century
Byzantine legal monograph, 721
Mediterranean Sea, Saracen activity in, 37,
144 sq. , 274; 277; 302; Venice in, 409 sq. ;
473; Norman plan of Mediterranean
Empire, 596; Turkish pirates in, 662;
741; Byzantine fleet in, 742, 762; ports
of, 286, 770; 776
Medzabaro, see John
Medzoph, see Thomas of
Meerut, taken by Tīmūr, 651
Megara, 441; 464
Megaskyr, the, of Athens, and Latin Em-
peror, 426; Othon de la Roche becomes,
433
Meyépn (Majghariyah, Majghariyan), epony.
mous Magyar tribe, 196
Melas, river, Byzantine defeat on, 122; 131
note
Melchi, see Mleh
Meleona, Balkan hills, 233
Melfi, treaty of, 273 note, 597
Melisseni, family of, 771
Melissenus, Leo, plots against Basil II, 86;
Melissenus, Nicephorus, rival of Alexius I,
327
Melitene (Malatīyah), captured by Con-
stantine V, 12; 85; 87; in Saracen wars,
120 sqq. , 127, 129 sq. , 134, 139; captured
by Curcuas, 143; 147; 218; attacked by
Seljūgs, 322; ruled by Seljūgs, 315, 325,
357, 365; taken by Timur, 680; emirs of,
see Omar, Tugbril Arslān
Melkê, Queen of Armenia, MSS. Gospel of,
162
Melnik, in Macedonia, taken by John III,
430, 492; 493; delivered by Theodore II,
502 sq. ; 522
Memmo, see Tribunus Menius
Menander, Byzantine historian, 765
Menologium, of Basil II, 95, 769
Merkits, Mongol tribe, 631
Merseburg, Byzantine embassy at, 358
Merv, Mas'ud defeated by Seljūgs at, 304;
312; plundered by Ghuzz, 313; destroyed
by Mongols, 633
Mesarites, see Nicholas
Mese, see under Constantinople
Mesembria, battle of, 30; Leo V's victory at,
37, 234; 230; 233; 525; 527
Mesimerius, Basil, envoy of Alexius I to
Pope Paschal II, 345
Mesopotamia, 74; 120 sq. ; 123 sq. ; 127;
132; Nicephorus II in, 134 ; 143; 147; 150;
Seljūgs in, 164, 277 sq. , 302, 317; 176;
201; ravaged by Carmathians, 276; Mon-
gols in, 279, 636, 640, 643, 654; Turkish
tribes in, 653, 655; Roman Law in, 292;
theme of, 84, 733; emirs of, see ‘Abd-al-
Malik, 'Abd-al-Wahhāb, Abū-Sa'id; osti-
kan of, see Ahmad
Messalians, Armenian sect, 7
Messenia, 433 sq. , 456, 609
Messina, captured by Saracens, 46, 136;
recaptured by Maniaces, 150; 603
Metaphrastes, Simeon, Byzantine author,
95, 766
Meteorion, in the Hermus valley, 512
Metéoron, monastery of, 552; church at,
553
Methodius, Byzantine artist, and Boris of
Bulgaria, 236
Methodius, messenger of Paschal I, im-
prisoned by Michael II, 33; made Patri.
arch, 41; relations with Roman Church,
246; 247; 255
Methodius, St, “ Apostle of the Slavs,”
Chap. vII (B); and Chazars, 44; 197; made
archbishop of Pannonia, 211; 236 sq. ; at
Rome, 224, 250; death, 229; 776
Methone, see Modon; see also Nicholas of
Methymna, 79
Metochites, Theodore, panegyric of, on
Nicaea, 506, 479 note
Metrophanes, bishop of Cyzicus, elected
Patriarch of Constantinople, 623
Michael I Rangabé, Emperor, reign of, 29;
35; defeated by the Bulgars, 37, 233; 46;
Sicily and, 134; 247
Michael II (the Stammerer, the Amorian),
Emperor, plots against Leo V and seizes
the throne, 32; his religious policy, 33;
34; war against Thomas the Slavonian,
35 s
5 sq. , 235; 41; and Saracens, 127; 128;
Venice and, 396
Michael III (the Drunkard), Emperor,
character of, 43; minority of, 40 sqg. ;
reign of, 43 sqq. ; murder of, 48, 50, 251;
49; wasteful finance of, 51; 54; burial by
Leo VI, 55; 66; 96; Saracens and, 131,
133 sq. ; 203; and St Methodius, 217 sq. ,
220 sqq. ; and Bulgaria, 235 sqq. ; and
Nicholas I, 249 sg. ; 254
Michael IV, the Paphlagonian, marriage to
Zoë and accession, 101; character of, 102;
103 sq. ; abdication and death, 104; exiles
Cerularius, 112; attempts to recapture
Sicily, 150; 164; and Bulgarian rising,
244; 265; 319
Michael V Calaphates, 103; parentage and
accession, 104; crowned, 105; disgraces
John the Orphanotrophos, 105; exiles
87 sq.


## p. 960 (#1002) ###########################################

960
Index
Michael Attaliates, historian, 765;
Michael V, 106; teaches in the Universit
114; on Isaac I and Cerularias, 323; la
treatise of, 715, 722
Michael of Thessalonica, heretical pries
condemned by Manuel, 363
Michiel, Domenico, doge of Venice, ai
Emperor John II, 354, 410
Michiel, Vitale, doge of Venice, in the Fir
Crusade, 410
Michieli, dynasty in the Aegean, 467
Mikā'il, son of Seljūg, 303
Milan, and Manuel I, 370; Manuel II at, 61
duke of, and Galata, 697; archbishop o
see Amulf, Peter Chrysolanus
Milazzo, see Mylae
Milengi, Slav tribe in Greece, 42
Mileševo, monastery in Novibazar, 522, 54
Miletus, see Isidore of
Milica, widow of Lazar I of Serbia, 558
Military Code (vouos otpaTIWTIKOS), 4; 70€
710
Millicent of Tripolis, 375
Miloš Kobilić (Obilić), Serbian noble, stał
Murad II, 558, 672
Milutin, “child of grace,” see Stephe
Uroš II
Mineo, Byzantine defeat at, 37; 135
Ming, dynasty of China, replaces Mongols
635, 649
Minorites, see Franciscans
Mirān Shāh, son of Timur, 182
Mirčea, the Great, Prince of Wallachia, 557
tributary to Turks, 560; 561 sq. ; death
567, 572; 593
Mirdāsid emirs, see Shibl-ad-daulah
Mirdites, in Albania, and memory
0
Zoë, 106; fall and punishment, 107, 110;
attacks Armenia, 165; 318
Michael VI Stratioticus, proclaimed Em.
peror, 116; army revolts against him, 117,
319 sq. ; fall and death of, 118, 321; Novel
of, 720
Michael VII Ducas, Emperor, 325 sqq. ; and
the Normans, 329; 346; 408; and the
Papacy, 596, 598; Novels of, 720 sqq. ;
and canon law, 723
Michael VIII Palaeologus, Emperor, 493;
496; and Theodore II, 503 sqq. ; crowned
as despot, 507; as Emperor, 430, 508;
first attempt on Constantinople, 509;
captures it, 431, 443, 512 sqq. ; crowned at
Constantinople, 513; and William of
Achaia, 442 sqq. ; successes over Latins,
445; Genoese and, 431, 510; and Bulgaria,
525, 527 sq. ; and Turks, 656 sq. ; and
Papacy, 596, 609 sqq. , 626; death, 532,
613; coins of, 514; Novel of, 720; 94; 593
Michael IX Palaeologus, Emperor, at
Magnesia, 656 sq. ; death, 659; 593;
marries sister of Hethum II, 178
Michael I Angelus Comnenus, founds “Des-
potat” in Epirus, 423, 427, 436; 475
Michael II Angelus, despot of Epirus, 429 sq. ;
and William of Achaia, 440; 442; death,
444; 493; and John III, 494 sq. ; and
Theodore II, 503 sqq. ; and Michael VIII,
508; 524; 475
Michael, name taken at his baptism by Boris
of Bulgaria, q. v.
Michael #sen, Tsar of Bulgaria, assassinated,
430, 502, 525; 492; and Theodore II,
Skanderbeg, 585; autonomous, 587
Miroslav, prince of Hum, 517; 591
Mistrá, near Sparta, castle of, 441; sur
rendered to Michael VIII, 443; 444 sq.
called Sparta in the Middle Ages, 454
458; 460 sqq. ; surrenders to Turks, 464
palace of, 473; learning at, 474; frescoe
in, 769; despots of, see Theodore Palaeo
logus
Mitrovica, 539
Mitylene, 108; 110; Genoese in, 684; metro
politan of, absolves Theodore II, 506
Mladen Šubić, ban of Bosnia, 591
Mleh (Melchi), the Armenian, Byzantin
commander against Saracens, 147
Mleb, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 170 sq. , 376
“Mobalig" (town of woe), name applied to
Koselsk, 637
Modica, Sicilian fortress, taken by Saracens
136; 137
Modon (Methone), ravaged by Venetians
354; becomes Venetian, 421, 431, 434
476; 433; Hospitallers at, 437; 438; 453
457 ; 461; 465; becomes Turkish, 467, 675
690
Modrina, victory of Constantine V at, 12
Moechian controversy, 28
Moesia, 230
501 sq. ,
524 sq.
Michael Shishmanich, of Vidin, becomes
Tsar of Bulgaria, 536; killed at Velbužd,
538, 590
Michael, King of Dioclea, and Bulgarians,
244
Michael I, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constanti.
nople, 91, 103; conspires against Michael
IV, 104; minister of Constantine IX, 109;
made Patriarch, 110, 112, 265; breach
with the Western Church, 112 sqq. , 265
sqq. , 271 sq. ; learning of, 114; 115 sq. ;
revolts against Michael VI, 117 sq. , 319
sqq. ; crowns Isaac I, 118, 322; imprison.
ment and death, 323; character, 265,
324; 594; 597; 753
Michael Anchialus, Patriarch of Constanti-
nople, and Manuel I, 602; 724
Michael Acominatus, metropolitan of
Athens, retires before Latins, 433; 482
note; Theodore I and, 484, 486; sermons
of, 766
Michael, son of Romanus I, 64
Michael Burtzes, see Burtzes
Michael, son of Simeon of Bulgaria, 238
Michael Asên, son of Constantine Asên and
Maria, 531, 590
Michael Konstantinović, and Turkish con-
quest of Bosnia, 579


## p. 961 (#1003) ###########################################

961
Monoyánnes, Paul, made Lord of Cerigotto,
445
Monreale, mosaics at, 777
Monselice, and Venice, 398
Mons Lactarius, battle of, 386
Montaldo, on numbers of Turks at siege of
Constantinople, 695 note
Monte Cassino, monastery of, 258; 599;
612; abbot of, 599, 612; see Desiderius,
Gerard
Montenegro, history of, 585 sqq. ; 244; 517;
547; and battle of Kossovo, 558; 564; 573;
578; 582; 584; resistance to Turks, 585;
partially subdued, 587; Table of rulers,
(the Zeta), 592
Montferrat, see Boniface, Conrad, William
Moors from Africa, in Justinian's army, 738
Mopsuestia (Mamistra), in Saracen wars,
122, 124, 126, 130, 145; under princes of
Armeno-Cilicia, 168; 169 sq. ; restored to
the Empire, 171, 343; Ruben of Antioch
defeated at, 174; 340 sq. ; 358 sq. ; 373 sq.
Morava, river, 517
Moravia, evangelised by Cyriland Methodius,
42, 44 sq. , 221 sqq. , 776; and Magyars,
198, 210, 236; see Great Moravia, Ros-
tislav, Svatopluk
Moravian translation of the Gospels, 222
Moravo-Pannonian, archbishopric created,
211; princes, Pope Hadrian's letter to,
221; dialects, 225
Morea, the, see also Peloponnesus, Chap. xv
passim; becomes French, 433; prosperity
of, 447, 452, 456; conquered by Turks,
463 sq. ; by Venetians, 466; Moreote in-
fluence in Cyprus, 471; results of Latin
rule in, 473 sq. ; 530; Latin Church in, 607;
cavalry of, in Rhodes, 494; Charles of
Anjou in, 611; 620; Turks in, 675, 677 sq. ,
692; 687; despots of, see Constantine XI,
Demetrius, Manuel, Theodore, Thomas;
“Lady of,” see Isabelle of Villebardouin
Morocco, Idrīsid dynasty in, 300; 302
Morosini, Venetian commander, 467; re-
conquers Santa Mavra, 472
Morosini, Venetian faction in favour of By.
zantines, 403 sq.
Morosini, Domenico, doge of Venice, and
Emperor Manuel I, 412
Morosini, see Thomas
Moptń (land rent), 5
Moptimal (peasants), 5
Mosaburch, see Blatno
Mosaic law, 267; 717
Mosaics, at Constantinople, 11; 39; in the
New Church, 53; in St Sophia, 96, 752;
in the Blachernae, 364; in church of the
Forty Martyrs, 383; at the Chora, 753,
769 sq. ; in the Forum, 748; in Ani
cathedral, 163; at Nicaea, 479; at Ra-
venna, 758; 754; 767; 769 sq. ; 772;. in
Western Europe, 777
Moschopulus, Byzantine professor, 764
Moscow, Armenian MSS of the Gospels at,
162; conquered by Mongols, 637; 652
61
Index
Moglena, temporary capital of Samuel of
Bulgaria, 240; captured by Normans,
329
Mogul dynasty in India, 629 sq. ; 650; 652
Mohi, Hungarians defeated by Mongols at,
637
Moldavia, Magyars in, 198; foundation of
principality of, 540; 567; and Turks, 587
sq. ; Table of rulers, 593; Church in, 568
Moldo-Wallachia, Patriarch of, independence
of, 595; delegates at Ferrara, 621
Momchilo, Bulgarian guerrilla leader, 542
Monasticism, Byzantine, danger from, to the
Empire, 8; zeal for images, 8, 21; Con.
stantine Vand, 15; and Nicephorus I, 28;
and Leo V, 30 sq. ; Nicephorus II and, 74;
Basil II and, 89; Michael IV's favour
to, 102; Photius, and the Azymites, 267;
Alexius I and monastic system, 349;
Manuel I and the monasteries, 364; re-
formation under Theodore of Studion, 26;
monastic property treated as fiefs, 349;
influence of, in Byzantine life, 751,753 sq. ;
monks and the Roman Church, 247, 259,
270; opposition to Union, 614; Byzantine
monks in Italy, 258, 737
Monasteries in Armenia, 162 sq. ; in
Cilicia, 168, 182; monasticism in Bul.
garia, 548; Benedictines in Hungary, 214;
Western monks in Greece, 438; see also
Athos (Mt), Studion
Monastir, Macedonian bishopric, 243; 493;
672
Monastras, general of Alexius I, 341,
344
Monegarius, Dominicus, doge of Venice,
reign and deposition of, 392
Monemvasia, Greek fortress, 434; taken by
Villehardouin, 440; given up to Michael
VIII, 443; 445; resists Turks and becomes
Venetian, 464 sq. ; captured by Turks,
467; art at, 473; birthplace of Phrantzes,
474, 476
Mongolia, 185, 631, 634; Mongolian Turks,
303
Mongols, the, Chap. XX; alliance with
Armeno-Cilicia, 175 sqq. ; defeated by
Mamluks, 176, 279, 643; 177, 179; de-
stroy Bulgary, 193; invade Armenia under
Tīmūr, 181 sq. ; conquests of Jenghiz
Khăn, 279, 300, 304, 312, 429, 632 sqq,
653; Cumans and, 490; and Seljūgs, 315,
491 sq. , 504, 510, 515; and Innocent IV,
493, 499; and Theodore II, 505; 507; 514;
invade Hungary, 608; early history of,
627 sq. ; derivation of, 630; in Europe,
637 sqq. ;conquer Baghdad, 279, 642; accept
civilisation, 647 sq. ; driven from China,
649; patronage of astronomy, 298 sq. , 646;
language, 195; Great Khans of, see Jenghiz
Khan, Kublai, Kuyuk, Mangu, Ogdai
Monnier, on Tiberius II's economic measures,
708; on the Synopsis Legum, 721
Monobatae, monastery of, 105
Monomachus, see Constantine IX, Vladimir
C. MED. H. VOL. IV.


## p. 962 (#1004) ###########################################

962
Index
Moses, Bulgarian chief, son of Shishman,
239 sq.
Moses of Chorene, Armenian historian, on
origin of Bagratuni, 157; 198
Moses, see Mūsà
Mosque, at Constantinople, restored by Con.
stantine VIII, 97; mosque at Bulgar,
194; built by Saracens at Tyana, 126; at
Enna, 137; Christian dwellings turned
into mosques by Mutawakkil, 288; 301;
mosque at Trnovo, 560; mosques spared
by Tīmūr, 651, 680; built by Mahomet I,
688; see under Constantinople, churches of
Mostar, 575
Mostenitsa, Teutonic Knights at, 437
Mosul, 277; 293; 315 sq. ; 642; atābeg of,
357; see Kerbogba, Zangi
Mouchate, Moldavian dynasty, see Juga,
Peter, Roman, Stephen
Mouchroutas, pavilion at imperial palace,
754
Mt St Auxentius, Stephen, abbot of, 16
Mourtzoupblos, see Alexius V
Mu'awiyah I (Mu'āwiya), Umayyad Caliph,
641
Mu'awiyah, Umayyad prince, 120 sq.