ORIGINAL
SOURCES
Memoirs of Babur, see chap.
Memoirs of Babur, see chap.
Cambridge History of India - v4 - Mugul Period
Here in the local capitals
of Burhanpur and Thalner several monuments were erected in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by the Faruqi dynasty; later, in the
seventeenth century, the Mughul governors were responsible for a
number of tombs of a particular kind. The geographical position of
this comparatively small state, surrounded as it was by a number of
powerful kingdoms each with its own form of artistic expression,
rendered it specially liable to external influences. These show them.
selves unmistakably in the character of many of its buildings. Yet
although these borowings are discernible they do not entirely dominate
the style, as the architecture of Khandesh in some of its phases dis-
plays certain originality. One of the first buildings erected by the
Faruqi rulers was a large palace on a commanding situation above
the Tapti river at Burhanpur, followed by a group of tombs at the
same place and another group at Thalner, all dating from the first
half of the fifteenth century. Although the palace is now in ruins,
enough remains to indicate that this edifice, and perhaps more notice-
ably the tombs, owed not a little of their appearance to similar
buildings being then raised in the neighbouring city of Mandu, the
capital of Malwa. The tombs of the founders of the Faruqi dynasty,
such as that of Nasir Khan (1399-1437) at Burhanpur, and Miran
Mubarak I (deceased 1457) at Thalner, show a marked affinity to
the more famous mausoleum of Hushang at Mandu in the solidity
of their effect and proportions generally. The Khandesh masons
have, however, endeavoured to lighten the mass of the structure by
the introduction of projecting openings on each side of the central
doorway, and have also provided more height by raising the dome
on a well-proportioned drum, which, together with other features,
constructive and decorative, give these Faruqi tombs an air of no
little distinction. At a later date two mosques were erected at
Burhanpuur, the Jami' Masjid built by 'Ali Khan in 1588 being the
larger and more important, while the Bibi-ki-Masjid is better designed.
The former is a comparatively plain structure, the fifteen pointed
arches comprising its façade being flanked by two lofty minarets, a
simple conception, but the symmetry and disposition of its parts has
been carefully considered. It is not unlikely that the construction
of this building was interrupted by the subjection of the state by
Akbar, its completion being undertaken by the Mughuls, so that its
final appearance may not be as originally intended. As an example
of a coherent composition the Bibi-ki-Masjid is much superior, but
it is too obviously dictated by similar structures in Ahmadabad and
Champaner to be commended for its originality, although the minarets
## p. 576 (#616) ############################################
676
MONUMENTS OF THE MUGHUL PERIOD
are a departure from the Gujarati type, particularly the projecting
windows and rounded cupolas. The concluding phase of the style,
when it came under the influence of the Mughuls, is seen in the tomb
of Shah Nawaz Khan, one of its provincial governors in the seven-
teenth century. Much of this building is frankly a composite con-
ception displaying elements acquired from a variety of sources. Its
square design in two storeys is suggestive of some of the royal tombs
of the Ahmad Shah dynasty, the pinnacles are those introduced by
Firuz Tughluq but ornamented with foliations from Bijapur, and,
finally, the whole is surmounted by a "Lodi" dome. Yet these attri-
butions are combined with no little skill, and the general appearance
of the structure is not unattractive. At the same time it is clear
that the style had no further resources of its own, and could only be
maintained by appropriating the ideas of others. In such circum-
stances it naturally follows that no more buildings of any consequence
were erected in Khandesh.
## p. 577 (#617) ############################################
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL
A. HISTORICAL
HURGESS, J. The Chronology of Modern India, Edinburgh, 1913.
ELLIOT, H. M. and DowSON, J. The History of India, as told by its own His-
torians. 8 vols. 1867-77.
HODIVALA, S. H. Historical Studies in Mughul Numismatics. Calcutta, 1923.
KEENE, H. G. Fall of the Moghul Empire. 1887.
LANE-POOLE, S. Mediaeval India under Muhammadan rule. 1902.
B. NUMISMATIC
Catalogues of Mughul coins in Museums :
British Museum. By S. Lane-Poole. 1892.
Calcutta. By H. Nelson Wright. 1908.
Lahore. By R. B. Whitehead. 1914.
Lucknow. By C. J. Brown. 2 vols. 1920.
Numismatic Supplement to the Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta,
from 1904.
Index to Num. Supp. I-xv. Allahabad, 1912.
WHITEHEAD, R. B. Coins of Nadir Shah and the Durrani Dynasty. 1934.
CHAPTER I
BABUR
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Memoirs of Babur :
Turki text.
(a) Edited by N. Ilminski. 1857.
(b) Facsimile of Hyderabad Codex, edited by A. S. Beveridge. 1905.
Persian Versions.
(a) By Payandah Hasan.
(b) By Mirza Abdu'r-Rahim.
European translations.
(a) By J. Leyden and W. Erskine of `Abdu'r-Rahim's Persian version.
1826. Revised by Sir L. King. 1921.
(b) By A. Pavet de Courteille, from Ilminski's text. 1871.
(c) By A. S. Beveridge, from the Hyderabad Codex. 1921.
Tarikh-i-Rashidi. By Muhammad Haidar Dughlat.
Translation of the Persian text by N. Elias and E. Denison Ross. 1895.
Habib-us-Siyar. By Khvand Amir,
Persian text, lithographed. Teheran, 1855 and Bombay, 1857.
Ahsan-us-Siyar. By Mirza Barkhwardar Turkman.
Shaibani-nama. By Muhammad Salih.
Turki text and German translation by H. Vambéry. 1885.
Text edited by P. M. Melioransky and A. N. Samoilovich. 1908.
Tarikh-i-Alamarai 'Abbasi. By Iskandar Munshi.
37
## p. 578 (#618) ############################################
578
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Persian manuscript in the Bodleian. (Fraser 144, 147, 145. ) Lithographed.
Teheran, 1896.
Humayun-nama. By Gulbadan Begam.
Persian text, edited and translated by A. S. Beveridge. 1902.
Tarikh-i-Haqqi. By 'Abdul-Haqq ibn Saif-ud-Din Dihlavi.
Persian manuscript in the Bodleian. (Fraser 132. )
Ahsan-ut-Tawarikh. By Hasan.
Persian manuscript in the Bodleian. (Ouseley 232. )
Tarikh-i-Firishta. By Muhammad Qasim called Firishta.
Persian text, edited by J. Briggs. 1831. Lithographed edition, Lucknow, 1864.
Translation by J. Briggs. London, 1829; reprinted Calcutta, 1908.
Tabaqat-i-Akbari. By Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad Muqim.
Persian manuscript in Bodleian. (Elliot 381. )
Edited and translated by B. De. (Bibliotheca Indica. ) In progress, 1913-
Akbar-nama. By Abu-'l-Fazl.
Persian text, edited by Agha Ahmad 'Ali and Maulavi 'Abd-ur-Rahim.
(Bibliotheca Indica. ) 1877-87.
Translation, by H. Beveridge. (Bibliotheca Indica. ) In progress, 1903-
2. MODERN WORKS
CALDECOTT, R. M. The life of Baber. 1844.
EDWARDES, S. M. Babur: diarist and despot. 1926.
ERSKINE, W. A history of India under. . . Baber and Humayun. 1854.
GRENARD, FERNAND. Baber, first of the Moguls. Translated and adapted by
Homer White and Richard Glaenzer. 1930.
POOLE, S. LANE. Babar. (Rulers of India. ) 1899.
WILLIAMS, L. F. RUSHBROOK. An empire builder of the sixteenth century. . .
Babur. (Allahabad University Publications, no. 3. ) 1918.
CHAPTER
II
HUMAYUN
1.
ORIGINAL SOURCES
Memoirs of Babur, see chap. I.
Tarikh-i-Rashidi, see chap. I.
Humayun-nama, see chap. I.
Humayun-nama. By Khvand Amir. Partly translated in Elliot and Dowson, v,
116-26.
Tarikh-i-Gujarat. By 'Abdullah Muhammad. Edited by E. Denison Ross. 1910,
1921 and 1928.
Tezkereh-ul-Vákiát. By Jauhar. Translated by C. Stewart. 1832.
Memoirs of Bayazid. (India Office Library, MS. 216, 223. ) Abstract in English
by H. Beveridge, J. A. S. B. 1898, p. 296.
2. MODERN WORKS
ERSKINE, W. History of India, see chap. I.
## p. 579 (#619) ############################################
BIBLIOGRAPHY
579
CHAPTER III
SHER SHAH
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi. By 'Abbas Sarwani. Translated in Elliot and Dowson,
IV, 305-433.
Makhzan-i-Afghana. By Ni'mat-Ullah. Translated by B. Dorn in History of
the Afghans. 1829.
Tarikh-i-Daudi. By 'Abdullah. Partly translated in Elliot and Dowson, IV,
434-513.
Memoirs of Babur, Tarikh-i-Rashidi, Humayun-nama, Tabaqat-i-Akbari,
Akbar-nama, see chap. I.
2. MODERN WORKS
BHATTASALI, N. K. The date of Sher Shah's accession, Islamic Review, 1936, p. 127.
ERSKINE, W. History of India, see chap. I.
KALIKARANJAN QANUNGO. Sher Shah. Calcutta, 1921.
PARAMATMA SARAN. The date and place of Sher Shah's birth. Journal, Bihar
and Orissa Research Society, 1934, p. 108.
CHAPTERS IV AND V
AKBAR
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Akbar-nama. By Shaikh Abu-'l-Fazl. Published by the A. S. B. in the Biblio-
theca Indica series. Text, 3 volumes.
A most valuable chronicle of Akbar's reign and the principal authority
for dates and bare facts. When it goes beyond these it is highly coloured
by Abu-'l-Fazl's adulation of his master.
The Akbar-nama has been translated into English by Mr. H. Beveridge
and published by the A. S. B. in the same series.
Ain-i-Akbari. By Shaikh Abu-'l-Fazl. Published by the A. S. B. in the Biblio-
theca Indica series. Text, 3 volumes.
English translation in the same series, three volumes, vol. 1 by Blochmann
and vols. II and III by Jarrett. The translation of vol. I is generally accurate
but its chief value lies in the copious notes and appendices with which
the erudition of Mr Blochmann has enriched it. The translation of vols.
II and mi is excellent and the notes are ample, but the statistical account
of the provinces in vol. I is marred by failure to identify place names.
The Ain-i-Akbari contains a code of Akbar's regulations in all depart-
ments and on all subjects and includes, besides some extraneous matter, a
valuable and minute statistical account of his empire, with historical and
other notes.
Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. By 'Abdul-Qadir Badauni. ' Also known as Tarikh-
i-Badauni. Published by the A. S. B. in the Bibliotheca Indica series. Text,
3 volumes.
1 Except on administrative matters [Ed. ].
## p. 580 (#620) ############################################
580
BIBLIOGRAPHY
English translation in the same series. Vol. 1 by Lt. -Col. Ranking, vol. II
by the Rev. W. H. Lowe, vol. III by Lt. -Col. Haig.
The book, being written from the point of view taken by a bigoted
Sunni, is of the highest value as a check on the turgid panegyric composed
by the latitudinarian Abu-'l-Fazl.
Tabaqat-i-Akbari. By Khvaja Nizam-ud-din Ahmad. Text, Lucknow litho-
graphed edition of A. H. 1292 (A. D. 1875).
A dry chronicle of events, without comment, written by a highly placed
and therefore cautious official. The chronology is faulty but the work is
specially valuable for a record of events in Gujarat, where the author was
much employed. It is brought down to the thirty-ninth year of the reign.
Tarikh-i-Firishta. Bombay lithographed text of 1832.
A mere compilation, which contains, however, a few interesting items of
information, especially relating to the Deccan, contributed by the author
from his own personal knowledge.
Darbar-i-Akbari (in Urdu). By Shams-ul-'Ulama Maulana Maulavi Muham-
mad Husain, Azad. Rifah-i-'Amm Press, Lahore, 1898.
A useful compilation, based chiefly on the works of Abu-'l-Fazl.
Insha-i-Abu-'l-Fazl. A collection of official dispatches written by Shaikh Abu-
’l-Fazl, and interesting as throwing much light on Akbar's relations with
his neighbours and with his own nobles and officers, but prolix, pompous,
and tedious. Lucknow lithographed edition of A. H. 1279 (A. D. 1862).
Zubdat-ut-Tawarikh. By Shaikh Nur-ul-Haqq. MSS.
Tarikh-i-Haqqi. By Shaikh 'Abdul-Haqq, father of the preceding. MSS. (A. D.
1596-7).
Mongolicae Legationis Commentarius. By Fr. Anthony Monserrate, S. J. Latin
text published in Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, m, no. 9. 1914.
English translation by J. S. Hoyland, 1922.
Travels of Ralph Fitch (1583-91) and John Mildenhall (1599-1606) in Early
Travels in India. Edited by W. Foster. 1921,
2. MODERN WORKS
BINYON, L. Akbar. 1932.
IRVINE, W. Army of the Indian Moguls. 1903.
MACLAGAN, Sir E. The Jesuits and the Great Mogul. 1932.
MALLESON, G. B. Akbar. (Rulers of India Series. ) 1890.
MODI, J. J. Parsees at the court of Akbar. Bombay, 1903.
MORELAND, W. H. India at the death of Akbar. 1920.
The agrarian system of Moslem India. 1929.
NOER, Count von. Kaiser Akbar. 1880 and 1885.
SMITH, V. A. Akbar the great Moghul. 1917 and 1919. This contains a fullor
bibliography with description of sources.
CHAPTER
VI
JAHANGIR
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri. By Jahangir himself to the seventeenth year of his reign
(1622-3), and continued under his direction to the nineteenth year by
Mu'tamid Khan.
of Burhanpur and Thalner several monuments were erected in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by the Faruqi dynasty; later, in the
seventeenth century, the Mughul governors were responsible for a
number of tombs of a particular kind. The geographical position of
this comparatively small state, surrounded as it was by a number of
powerful kingdoms each with its own form of artistic expression,
rendered it specially liable to external influences. These show them.
selves unmistakably in the character of many of its buildings. Yet
although these borowings are discernible they do not entirely dominate
the style, as the architecture of Khandesh in some of its phases dis-
plays certain originality. One of the first buildings erected by the
Faruqi rulers was a large palace on a commanding situation above
the Tapti river at Burhanpur, followed by a group of tombs at the
same place and another group at Thalner, all dating from the first
half of the fifteenth century. Although the palace is now in ruins,
enough remains to indicate that this edifice, and perhaps more notice-
ably the tombs, owed not a little of their appearance to similar
buildings being then raised in the neighbouring city of Mandu, the
capital of Malwa. The tombs of the founders of the Faruqi dynasty,
such as that of Nasir Khan (1399-1437) at Burhanpur, and Miran
Mubarak I (deceased 1457) at Thalner, show a marked affinity to
the more famous mausoleum of Hushang at Mandu in the solidity
of their effect and proportions generally. The Khandesh masons
have, however, endeavoured to lighten the mass of the structure by
the introduction of projecting openings on each side of the central
doorway, and have also provided more height by raising the dome
on a well-proportioned drum, which, together with other features,
constructive and decorative, give these Faruqi tombs an air of no
little distinction. At a later date two mosques were erected at
Burhanpuur, the Jami' Masjid built by 'Ali Khan in 1588 being the
larger and more important, while the Bibi-ki-Masjid is better designed.
The former is a comparatively plain structure, the fifteen pointed
arches comprising its façade being flanked by two lofty minarets, a
simple conception, but the symmetry and disposition of its parts has
been carefully considered. It is not unlikely that the construction
of this building was interrupted by the subjection of the state by
Akbar, its completion being undertaken by the Mughuls, so that its
final appearance may not be as originally intended. As an example
of a coherent composition the Bibi-ki-Masjid is much superior, but
it is too obviously dictated by similar structures in Ahmadabad and
Champaner to be commended for its originality, although the minarets
## p. 576 (#616) ############################################
676
MONUMENTS OF THE MUGHUL PERIOD
are a departure from the Gujarati type, particularly the projecting
windows and rounded cupolas. The concluding phase of the style,
when it came under the influence of the Mughuls, is seen in the tomb
of Shah Nawaz Khan, one of its provincial governors in the seven-
teenth century. Much of this building is frankly a composite con-
ception displaying elements acquired from a variety of sources. Its
square design in two storeys is suggestive of some of the royal tombs
of the Ahmad Shah dynasty, the pinnacles are those introduced by
Firuz Tughluq but ornamented with foliations from Bijapur, and,
finally, the whole is surmounted by a "Lodi" dome. Yet these attri-
butions are combined with no little skill, and the general appearance
of the structure is not unattractive. At the same time it is clear
that the style had no further resources of its own, and could only be
maintained by appropriating the ideas of others. In such circum-
stances it naturally follows that no more buildings of any consequence
were erected in Khandesh.
## p. 577 (#617) ############################################
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL
A. HISTORICAL
HURGESS, J. The Chronology of Modern India, Edinburgh, 1913.
ELLIOT, H. M. and DowSON, J. The History of India, as told by its own His-
torians. 8 vols. 1867-77.
HODIVALA, S. H. Historical Studies in Mughul Numismatics. Calcutta, 1923.
KEENE, H. G. Fall of the Moghul Empire. 1887.
LANE-POOLE, S. Mediaeval India under Muhammadan rule. 1902.
B. NUMISMATIC
Catalogues of Mughul coins in Museums :
British Museum. By S. Lane-Poole. 1892.
Calcutta. By H. Nelson Wright. 1908.
Lahore. By R. B. Whitehead. 1914.
Lucknow. By C. J. Brown. 2 vols. 1920.
Numismatic Supplement to the Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta,
from 1904.
Index to Num. Supp. I-xv. Allahabad, 1912.
WHITEHEAD, R. B. Coins of Nadir Shah and the Durrani Dynasty. 1934.
CHAPTER I
BABUR
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Memoirs of Babur :
Turki text.
(a) Edited by N. Ilminski. 1857.
(b) Facsimile of Hyderabad Codex, edited by A. S. Beveridge. 1905.
Persian Versions.
(a) By Payandah Hasan.
(b) By Mirza Abdu'r-Rahim.
European translations.
(a) By J. Leyden and W. Erskine of `Abdu'r-Rahim's Persian version.
1826. Revised by Sir L. King. 1921.
(b) By A. Pavet de Courteille, from Ilminski's text. 1871.
(c) By A. S. Beveridge, from the Hyderabad Codex. 1921.
Tarikh-i-Rashidi. By Muhammad Haidar Dughlat.
Translation of the Persian text by N. Elias and E. Denison Ross. 1895.
Habib-us-Siyar. By Khvand Amir,
Persian text, lithographed. Teheran, 1855 and Bombay, 1857.
Ahsan-us-Siyar. By Mirza Barkhwardar Turkman.
Shaibani-nama. By Muhammad Salih.
Turki text and German translation by H. Vambéry. 1885.
Text edited by P. M. Melioransky and A. N. Samoilovich. 1908.
Tarikh-i-Alamarai 'Abbasi. By Iskandar Munshi.
37
## p. 578 (#618) ############################################
578
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Persian manuscript in the Bodleian. (Fraser 144, 147, 145. ) Lithographed.
Teheran, 1896.
Humayun-nama. By Gulbadan Begam.
Persian text, edited and translated by A. S. Beveridge. 1902.
Tarikh-i-Haqqi. By 'Abdul-Haqq ibn Saif-ud-Din Dihlavi.
Persian manuscript in the Bodleian. (Fraser 132. )
Ahsan-ut-Tawarikh. By Hasan.
Persian manuscript in the Bodleian. (Ouseley 232. )
Tarikh-i-Firishta. By Muhammad Qasim called Firishta.
Persian text, edited by J. Briggs. 1831. Lithographed edition, Lucknow, 1864.
Translation by J. Briggs. London, 1829; reprinted Calcutta, 1908.
Tabaqat-i-Akbari. By Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad Muqim.
Persian manuscript in Bodleian. (Elliot 381. )
Edited and translated by B. De. (Bibliotheca Indica. ) In progress, 1913-
Akbar-nama. By Abu-'l-Fazl.
Persian text, edited by Agha Ahmad 'Ali and Maulavi 'Abd-ur-Rahim.
(Bibliotheca Indica. ) 1877-87.
Translation, by H. Beveridge. (Bibliotheca Indica. ) In progress, 1903-
2. MODERN WORKS
CALDECOTT, R. M. The life of Baber. 1844.
EDWARDES, S. M. Babur: diarist and despot. 1926.
ERSKINE, W. A history of India under. . . Baber and Humayun. 1854.
GRENARD, FERNAND. Baber, first of the Moguls. Translated and adapted by
Homer White and Richard Glaenzer. 1930.
POOLE, S. LANE. Babar. (Rulers of India. ) 1899.
WILLIAMS, L. F. RUSHBROOK. An empire builder of the sixteenth century. . .
Babur. (Allahabad University Publications, no. 3. ) 1918.
CHAPTER
II
HUMAYUN
1.
ORIGINAL SOURCES
Memoirs of Babur, see chap. I.
Tarikh-i-Rashidi, see chap. I.
Humayun-nama, see chap. I.
Humayun-nama. By Khvand Amir. Partly translated in Elliot and Dowson, v,
116-26.
Tarikh-i-Gujarat. By 'Abdullah Muhammad. Edited by E. Denison Ross. 1910,
1921 and 1928.
Tezkereh-ul-Vákiát. By Jauhar. Translated by C. Stewart. 1832.
Memoirs of Bayazid. (India Office Library, MS. 216, 223. ) Abstract in English
by H. Beveridge, J. A. S. B. 1898, p. 296.
2. MODERN WORKS
ERSKINE, W. History of India, see chap. I.
## p. 579 (#619) ############################################
BIBLIOGRAPHY
579
CHAPTER III
SHER SHAH
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi. By 'Abbas Sarwani. Translated in Elliot and Dowson,
IV, 305-433.
Makhzan-i-Afghana. By Ni'mat-Ullah. Translated by B. Dorn in History of
the Afghans. 1829.
Tarikh-i-Daudi. By 'Abdullah. Partly translated in Elliot and Dowson, IV,
434-513.
Memoirs of Babur, Tarikh-i-Rashidi, Humayun-nama, Tabaqat-i-Akbari,
Akbar-nama, see chap. I.
2. MODERN WORKS
BHATTASALI, N. K. The date of Sher Shah's accession, Islamic Review, 1936, p. 127.
ERSKINE, W. History of India, see chap. I.
KALIKARANJAN QANUNGO. Sher Shah. Calcutta, 1921.
PARAMATMA SARAN. The date and place of Sher Shah's birth. Journal, Bihar
and Orissa Research Society, 1934, p. 108.
CHAPTERS IV AND V
AKBAR
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Akbar-nama. By Shaikh Abu-'l-Fazl. Published by the A. S. B. in the Biblio-
theca Indica series. Text, 3 volumes.
A most valuable chronicle of Akbar's reign and the principal authority
for dates and bare facts. When it goes beyond these it is highly coloured
by Abu-'l-Fazl's adulation of his master.
The Akbar-nama has been translated into English by Mr. H. Beveridge
and published by the A. S. B. in the same series.
Ain-i-Akbari. By Shaikh Abu-'l-Fazl. Published by the A. S. B. in the Biblio-
theca Indica series. Text, 3 volumes.
English translation in the same series, three volumes, vol. 1 by Blochmann
and vols. II and III by Jarrett. The translation of vol. I is generally accurate
but its chief value lies in the copious notes and appendices with which
the erudition of Mr Blochmann has enriched it. The translation of vols.
II and mi is excellent and the notes are ample, but the statistical account
of the provinces in vol. I is marred by failure to identify place names.
The Ain-i-Akbari contains a code of Akbar's regulations in all depart-
ments and on all subjects and includes, besides some extraneous matter, a
valuable and minute statistical account of his empire, with historical and
other notes.
Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. By 'Abdul-Qadir Badauni. ' Also known as Tarikh-
i-Badauni. Published by the A. S. B. in the Bibliotheca Indica series. Text,
3 volumes.
1 Except on administrative matters [Ed. ].
## p. 580 (#620) ############################################
580
BIBLIOGRAPHY
English translation in the same series. Vol. 1 by Lt. -Col. Ranking, vol. II
by the Rev. W. H. Lowe, vol. III by Lt. -Col. Haig.
The book, being written from the point of view taken by a bigoted
Sunni, is of the highest value as a check on the turgid panegyric composed
by the latitudinarian Abu-'l-Fazl.
Tabaqat-i-Akbari. By Khvaja Nizam-ud-din Ahmad. Text, Lucknow litho-
graphed edition of A. H. 1292 (A. D. 1875).
A dry chronicle of events, without comment, written by a highly placed
and therefore cautious official. The chronology is faulty but the work is
specially valuable for a record of events in Gujarat, where the author was
much employed. It is brought down to the thirty-ninth year of the reign.
Tarikh-i-Firishta. Bombay lithographed text of 1832.
A mere compilation, which contains, however, a few interesting items of
information, especially relating to the Deccan, contributed by the author
from his own personal knowledge.
Darbar-i-Akbari (in Urdu). By Shams-ul-'Ulama Maulana Maulavi Muham-
mad Husain, Azad. Rifah-i-'Amm Press, Lahore, 1898.
A useful compilation, based chiefly on the works of Abu-'l-Fazl.
Insha-i-Abu-'l-Fazl. A collection of official dispatches written by Shaikh Abu-
’l-Fazl, and interesting as throwing much light on Akbar's relations with
his neighbours and with his own nobles and officers, but prolix, pompous,
and tedious. Lucknow lithographed edition of A. H. 1279 (A. D. 1862).
Zubdat-ut-Tawarikh. By Shaikh Nur-ul-Haqq. MSS.
Tarikh-i-Haqqi. By Shaikh 'Abdul-Haqq, father of the preceding. MSS. (A. D.
1596-7).
Mongolicae Legationis Commentarius. By Fr. Anthony Monserrate, S. J. Latin
text published in Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, m, no. 9. 1914.
English translation by J. S. Hoyland, 1922.
Travels of Ralph Fitch (1583-91) and John Mildenhall (1599-1606) in Early
Travels in India. Edited by W. Foster. 1921,
2. MODERN WORKS
BINYON, L. Akbar. 1932.
IRVINE, W. Army of the Indian Moguls. 1903.
MACLAGAN, Sir E. The Jesuits and the Great Mogul. 1932.
MALLESON, G. B. Akbar. (Rulers of India Series. ) 1890.
MODI, J. J. Parsees at the court of Akbar. Bombay, 1903.
MORELAND, W. H. India at the death of Akbar. 1920.
The agrarian system of Moslem India. 1929.
NOER, Count von. Kaiser Akbar. 1880 and 1885.
SMITH, V. A. Akbar the great Moghul. 1917 and 1919. This contains a fullor
bibliography with description of sources.
CHAPTER
VI
JAHANGIR
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES
Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri. By Jahangir himself to the seventeenth year of his reign
(1622-3), and continued under his direction to the nineteenth year by
Mu'tamid Khan.
